Ikoranabuhanga ryo guteranya amazu kuva ku biti byahagaze nta mezi y'icyuma ku rugero rwo kubaka inyubako y'amagorofa abiri hamwe n'ahantu 300 M2
Ibiti byafashwe, ugereranije vuba ahagaragara ku isoko ryubwubatsi bwo mu gihugu, ryashoboye gutsindira ukumenyera cyane. Ibikoresho bishya byazanye nawe hamwe ningorabahizi mugukora amazu ajyanye no gukoresha ibyuma-ibintu byimbaraga. Ntabwo ari bibi kwirinda ibyo bibazo?
Kubaka amazu kuva ku biti bivuye ku biti ni inzira yoroshye kandi yihuse, kubera ko amakuru yose akozwe ku bice bikoreshwa, aho byaciwe ukurikije ubunini bukenewe kandi bukemuke "kimwe na spikes, bityo Utubari biroroshye kandi byihuse bihujwe.
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1. Urutonde rwibice byuzuye byaje kurubuga rwubwubato, hamwe nabacuruza munsi yubariruka busabwa kugirango ushyire Windows.
2. Iyo ibitswe munsi ya firime, ibiti byavuwemo ibihimbano byera "MikO".
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4. Gukora uburyo bumaze kurangiri busanzwe bwinzuki, abakongerera bakuru bashyizwe hamwe na bande bashingiye ku mubyimba hamwe na 3mm, bayikosora hamwe nishasi.
5-6. Ku iteraniro ryose ry'iteraniro ry'inzu mu birekura, bakoresheje umuyobozi (5), imboro zacumuye iyo sitidiyo y'icyuma (6) nyuma irambuye.
7.Ibihe byacitsemo ibiti (30mm) byakoreshwaga ahantu hahagaritse (30mm), bari bayobowe (bihujwe gato) mbere yo gucukurwa hamwe.
8. Ikirere cyizuba kitagira impungenge cyahatiye kwihuta: Kuva mumwanya winyuma wa "Siruba" watsinze iminsi 5 gusa, kandi bamaze kubara hafi inkuta hafi ya mbere.
Gukurura
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubaka (neza, inteko) y'urukuta ruva mu kabariye hari urusaku rwinshi. Kuruta kutitambanyije gusa guhuza utubari duhagaritse - kuva "gutinda" (imitwe minini ifite umutwe), ihindagurika mu mwobo mbere yo kumena imiyoboro ihamye. Icunga ryatewe no gukoreshwa mugukoresha, zashyizwe mu mwobo zicukura mu rukuta buri 1.5m (zigenda zikabije ikiguzi cyo kubaka: Igiciro cya Spur - 400-1000. Kuri 1pog ). Ariko nubwo mugihe kimwe nta bwumvikane: Bamwe basabwa gusunika hamwe na sitidiyo icyarimwe kurukuta rwose hejuru ya donomis, abandi bahitamo gukurura buri murongo hamwe nimbuto (nanone!). Isv kandi ibi bitera imbere ko gukomera kwikirubovi, bituma inzu iramba, ndetse n'icya kabiri, igabanya kugabanuka, kubigabanya byibuze.
Ariko, ubu buryo bufite abatavuga rumwe nabo bashikamye aho kubw'icyuma, bishyirwa mu rukuta, arinda inyubako zihamye, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe hazaba abantu benshi, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe hazaba abantu benshi bahongerera bidafite amazi. Kubijyanye no kugabanuka, urashobora kugabanya gusa ibice bya manic. Ana igabanuka nkigisubizo cyo kumisha ntabwo bigira ingaruka kuri byose.
Gahunda ya fondasiyo nziza
Yabaganye na mira yimizitiro nini ya 150mm
3. PVC yubusa
4.penopolictic 50mm
5.Ponopolistic 100mm
6. Ikipe ya Monolithic
7. Isezerano
8.Ikinyabuzima (kubogama 5%)
Kugira ngo tubone ubutabera, twakagombye kuba abubatsi bamwe badakoresha ibihurira na gato, kandi inzu y'ibiti ifite gusa ku "bikombe", ibikombe na spike. Ubu ni ubundi buryo bukabije.
Twakoze ubushakashatsi ku bahanga ku ngingo: "Umuriro uhagaze he hamwe na Beeletto Beep baturuka?" Kubera iyo mpamvu, hypotheses ebyiri zashyizweho umukono. Iya mbere: Ikoranabuhanga ryandukuwe mu nyubako y'inzu ya Finlande. Mubitekerezo byacu, ntibishoboka, kuko finnes isanzwe yongerewe na sitidiyo ibibazo gusa. Iya kabiri: yahimbye inzobere mu gihugu mu iterambere ry'amasezerano y'iterambere ry'ibiti byabo bwite - ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gukama no kumeneka, cyangwa ku buryo bwo gukora ibitotsi, ndetse n'ibikombe ". Nibyiza, ni gute ubundi guteranya ibibari bigoramye hamwe? Kunyanga ntabwo birekura gusa, ahubwo no kurukuta rwose! Nibyiza, hypothesis.
Ntabwo byaba ari ugukoresha amanota yagaragaye yubukoranabuhanga mu gihirahiro, bityo bigatuma ikoreshwa ry'icyuma byibuze. Mu iyubakwa ry'inzu ya Lapland (Uburusiya) murugo kuri tekinonerane kandi tuzabwira iyi ngingo.
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9. Igorofa ya mbere yo hasi ya mbere yicyuma ikozwe mu rukuta rugufi. Ikigo cyinzu ninkunga kuri bo "inkingi", zateranijwe uhereye ku biti byafashwe ibiti udakoresheje ibyuma.
10. Iyo hashyizweho igorofa ryambere ryibiti hamwe nigice cyambukiranya 20060mm, cyashyizwe kumwanya wometse ku rukuta rufite igice cyambukiranya abantu 7050mm, hanyuma hashingiwe ku gihagararo cyagenwe ukoresheje icyuma.
11. Banki ifunze yashyizwe mu 600MORO rwiyongera. Guhanura igishushanyo mbonera, ibibanza bikozwe mu kabari kimwe nkuko ibinyoma byashizweho hagati yabo. Intambwe yabo yariyo muri 600-1200m: icyo ari munsi, kubaka umugereka. Hasi kuri plywood 24mm umubyimba urangije igikoresho cyingabo.
12.Frontons ya attic hasi - Ibiryo (byinshi, kwishyigikira): Bishyizwe mu kabari nkibikorwa bikomeje kurukuta rwambere.
13. Ukuri kw'ibisenge ubwabyo byaremye ibyo bita inkera: Mu burebure bw'inzu "Urutonde" rwiyongereye, buhoro buhoro kurekura buhoro buhoro ibibanza. Ubu buhanga bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gushushanya gusa, bugufasha kongeramo agace ko gushyigikira skate bigenda bikora no kuvana hejuru yinzu.
14. Imbere yimpeshyi yahujwe nibiti bitatu bivuye mubiti. Byongeye kandi, kwiruka k'abafasha birakomeye cyane cyane, biteganijwe no kubara kubwimbaraga.
15. Igishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe mu kabari ka 20060mm. Kububiko bwarwo kuri ski yiruka, hashyizweho akabari, hashyirwaho imbeba. Amaguru yometse yagurishijwe cyane kubera kwiruka.
16.Ibikoresho bya Rafters mugihe cyo kugabanuka kw'imiguru bishobora kwagurwa hanze, kugeza ku muyaga wo hejuru y'urukuta, bifatanye no kwimuka, bakoresheje "clamps" mu kibaho cya gariyamoshi 2mm.
Twubaka urufatiro
Byose byatangiriye kuba inzu izaza yakozwe no gucumbika mu itumanaho ryo gukemura (itangwa ry'amazi, amashanyarazi).
Urufatiro rw'inyubako rukomoka neza. Kubikoresho byayo, munsi yinkuta zizaza nimbere, imyobo yimbitse ya cm 90, hepfo yayateguye umusego-kaburimbo ugana ubunini bwa 30cm. Ibikurikira hejuru y'imyobo, hashyizweho ibyuma by'ibiti byashyizweho, kandi ku rubavu ruzaza mu mpande zerekeza ku nzu, amasahani ya Polystyrene Felystyrene Feam 50mm. Noneho urwego rwagati rwubatswe ruva mu rwego rwo gushimangirwa na diameter ya mm 12 kandi, bakoresheje imiterere ya m300, kaseti yo mu 300m ya 300mm ndende (uburebure bwo hejuru - 500-600mm). Mugihe kimwe, ibibazo bishimangira bisigaye hejuru ya kaseti, nyuma yahambiriye isahani ya monolithic.
Byakozwe gutya. Ubwa mbere, umwanya uri hagati yimyenda wari wuzuye ubutaka, hanyuma umucanga wa salay 300mm (kandi nundi hamwe nundi duhagaritse cyane). Hejuru yumucanga yashyize igice cyibice byibitabo kandi bibiri byisahani ya polystrene ya polystyrene. Nyuma yibyo, umuhanda wo gushimangira umuhanda washyizweho (wire-6mm, ubunini bwa selile - 150150mm) no muri M300 ya Brand Bengere ya monolith ifite ubunini bwa 120mm. Iyo usutse kuri beto hafi ya perimetero yinkuta zizaza "zashyizwe" gukata inguni ya 75m (urusaku rwa horizontal of the beeti ya mm 37, ihagaritse irazamuka hejuru yisahani ), nyuma yometseho akabari.
Ako kanya, "yasutswe" ifunguro rya mu gitondo. Ikoranabuhanga ryibyo byashizweho cyane birasa cyane nuburyo bwo gukora isahani hasobanuwe gusa, hamwe nitandukaniro ryonyine ryinshi rya polystyrene igice cya polystyrene cyari 50mm.
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17-18. Abashinyaguzi n'abamwubatsi batanze imigenzo ishaje gusa, ahubwo n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho: Inzu yambitswe ikamba ry'igisenge gishyushye (17), gitwikiriye amabati yoroshye (18).
19-20. Gutandukana kw'amashanyarazi byakoreshejwe umugozi wa Ny washyizwe mu muyoboro wa gikoni (19). Yashyizwe mu miterere n'amagorofa, ndetse no kuri beto (20).
21. Kubera icyifuzo cya nyirayo mubyumba byinshi, ukoresheje imiyoboro yicyuma-imiyoboro, yashizwemo hasi. Imiyoboro yashyizwe ku masahani yihariye ya Foil Polystyrene Foam 50mm umubyimba kandi ufatanye hejuru ya plastike kuri bo.
22. Abakundira abakundikira (ibimamara) byashyizwe mu kabati kavuzwe haruguru hamwe n'umupfundikizo uvanyweho, ukozwe mucyuma cyakuweho, bikozwe mucyuma gishinzwe gusiga kirangijwe cyera.
23. Mubyifuzo bya sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ashyushye, kimwe no gutanga coolant kugeza ku rukuta, imiyoboro ya plastike fusiotherm (Aquatrym) yakoreshejwe, yagenzuwe. Nyuma nabyo, kandi imyumbati y'amashanyarazi yahishe sima yasobanuye.
24-25. "Umutima" wa sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ashyushye kandi ashyushye hariya gazi ebyiri za dinal duval (24), "umunaniro" aho urukuta rw'inzu (25) rwavanyweho. Boilers ikora ubundi: Umuntu ahora ahabwa.
Dukusanya inkuta
Hejuru ya beto kuri perimetero yinkuta zizaza, kase ka paperohiof on yashyizwe kumurongo wibiceri (rubburoid mubice bibiri), no kurwana kwabo hamwe no kurwara hamwe na lisabyo), kubifata neza ku mfuruka.
Urutonde rwibisobanuro byinzu bikozwe muri pinusi ya arnarsk (kubyerekeye inzira yo gukora akabari.
"IVD", 2007, 2007, No 5) ku gihingwa cya Irkutsk cya ZBBC "(Uburusiya) nk'uko umushinga wohereje. Ku cyemezo cy'uwakiriye, igihe cy'iki gihingwa cyatewe nibintu bibiri. Ubwa mbere, Irkutsk Pine ninzike cyane kandi iramba kuruta pinusi kuva kumurongo wo hagati, nibyiza gutunganywa, kandi amazi akurura bike. Icya kabiri, uruganda rwatoranijwe ni rushya rwose, bityo birashoboka ko ikoranabuhanga riboneka mu bikoresho byo mu mahanga, byuma kandi bikaba byubahwa cyane, hejuru cyane. Kubara nibyo rwose, ukurikije nyirubwite, bifite ishingiro rwose.Avot ku rubuga rw'ubwubatsi ntabwo yatwaye atapfushije ubusa. Umukabari, wazanywe mbere yo kubaka urufatiro, yiziritse kuri padi mu gikari maze atwikiriye imvura ya plastike. Ito yari ikosa. Ubushyuhe bwimpeshyi bwatumye ubushyuhe bukabije buhumura ubutaka, kandi abahanga barimo bahinduka umukara (nk'uko abahanga bavuga, kubera iki kibazo, mubihe bimwe na rimwe, rimwe na rimwe bihagije, na nyuma yiminsi 3-4 gusa, ibiti birashobora guhinduka byuzuye). Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe, byari ngombwa kuvura igice cyera cyatewe n "umukara".
Noneho kubyerekeye iboneza nikoranabuhanga ryubariruka. Ifite igice cya 210165mm. Chamfer kuruhande yakuweho ku ndege yo hejuru hamwe na trapeodal ebyiri zimaze igihe kinini zimaze ubujyakuzimu bwa 15mm, zashizeho ibihimbano bitatu byatsinze byakuweho. Ku ndege yo hepfo, impande zose zikatiwe zisigaye hamwe nibiribwa bitatu byihutirwa: Iyo ushizeho akabari kamwe kurundi ruhande rwindi magorofa abiri hejuru yubuso bwashyizwe hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, impande zuruhande zishingiye ku bice bya Skeleton byo mu kabari gabiri, kashe icyuho.
Duhereye ku gukoresha inkombe z'inkweto zaranze; Usibye ni iyi si ya nyuma yo gusohora hanze yinyuma ya bar-yamakuru yibintu birahari cyane kuri "ishyushye" yinzu, bityo ntihazabaho gihise.
Kubwubatsi bwuzuye, kare yakoreshejwe kugirango bigizwe nigice cyambukiranya 2222mm nuburebure bwa 250mm- nibyiza kunyerera mumwobo wacukuwe shruck. Ahantu hashyushye ni gakondo kubikoresho byibiti: Muri wedges - muri checker, intambwe muri staff imwe - 1-1,5m.
Ibicuruzwa bituzuye polypropylene foam polypropylene yakoreshejwe.
Byihariye byitondera abamwubatsi bishyuye gusiga hasi ku mpera zabari. Kubera iki? Mu nyungu ziri mu giti cy'uko ubuhehere bwo mu kirere bwinjira, kandi niba badatunganyirijwe, rwose baracitse. Abubatsi benshi kugirango ibyo bivurwe bishyire muri Pva. Ariko ba nyirayo bahisemo kudakiza no gukoresha Sikkens ya Acrylic (Ubuholandi).
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26. Yakozwe mumyeho, urwego rwinyuma rutandukanya "umwanya wibiti".
27-28.Kerker yakoze ku ikoranabuhanga. Nyuma yo kwinjizamo Windows, ushyira ibicuruzwa bya sosiyete Fortwool, wagenzuwe (27), hanyuma, hanyuma ukigana impande zombi bigana akanama k'imbaho (28).
29.Tutut urwego rwakozwe.
30. Ibisenge byateguwe nimbuga nini ikozwe muri pinusi ya angurk.
31-32. Ibikurikira kuri balkoni ntibitinda, hasi yakorewe mu kigo cya listch cyashyizwemo icyuho (31). Urufatiro rw'inzu, uko byagenze, kimwe n'ubusitani bw'ubusitani bwabereye mu karere ka Muraho w'Uburusiya n'amabuye karemano (32).
33. Kurangiza byimbere byinzu biherereye muri Spartan. Isonzuro ryibiti zari ubutaka rwose, hanyuma zikongerera hamwe nibinyabuzima: hanze (birakwiriye kurinda ibiti biva mubikorwa bya ultraviolet), kandi mubyukuri.
Epilogue ... cyangwa intangiriro yinkuru nshya?
Urashobora kuvuga kubyerekeye kubaka iyi nzu igihe kinini cyane, kuko ba nyir'ubwite bakiriwe n'ababatsi bahitamo byimazeyo n'amazu, ndetse nigice cyo guhitamo. Ibihe bishimishije mugihe cyakazi hari byinshi. Kurugero, inzira yo gukora igisenge gishyushye yari yoroshye kandi yihuta kuburyo twahisemo kubisobanura mu kiganiro gitandukanye, kikatanga abasomyi muri nimero imwe ikurikira. Muri iki gihe, kugirango tubuze umwanya, birashoboka, tuzarangiza iyi ngingo, dutanga umusomyi amahirwe yo kumenyera ibikoresho byamafoto, birambuye (birashoboka kuvuga - uburyo bwiza bwo kubaka ibyubaka no kurangiza imirimo.
Ariko, nkuko akenshi bibaho mubuzima, amateka yacu yubwubatsi ntabwo yararangiye. Ubwa mbere, ba nyirubwite basabye abubatsi kubaka igitereko cyimodoka ebyiri hamwe namahugurwa mato yegeranye na hozblock. Noneho, mugihe "complex" yari isanzwe yiteguye gutanga, bahisemo kongeramo ikidendezi gito ku nzu. Nkuko ubyumva, ntidushobora kurengayi nzira kandi turasaba gusoma kubyerekeye mucyumba gikurikira.
Ibisobanuro byahinduwe kwa mbere
2. Tambour ........................................ 8,3M2
3. Hall ........................................... 12,4M2
4. Icyumba cyo kuraramo ....................................... 16m2
5. Hall ........................................... 24.7m2
6. Icyumba cyo guhaha ................. 7,3M2
7. Icyumba cyo mu gikoni ............................................ 24.7m2
8. Icyumba cyo kubaho ...................................... 47.3m2
9. Ubwiherero ........................................ 2.9M2
10. Sauna ......................................... 4,6m2
11. Ubwiherero ............................ 16M2
Ibisobanuro by'igorofa ya kabiri
2. Icyumba cyo kuraramo ..................................... 16,1m2
3. Ubwiherero ...................................... 8m2
4. Icyumba cyo kuraramo ..................................... 17,9M2
5. "Umucyo wa kabiri" Icyumba cyo kubaho
6. Ubwiherero .......................... 9,2m2
7. Icyumba ..................................... 20,5M2
8. Inama y'Abaminisitiri ..................................... 15,2M2
9. Balkoni ....................................... 2.4M2
Kubara kwagutse kwikiguzi * kubaka inzu hamwe nubuso bwa 300m2, bisa natanzwe
| Izina ry'imirimo | Umubare wa | igiciro, rub. | Igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AKAZI K'INGENZI | |||
| Ifata amashoka, imiterere, iterambere nigice | 86m3 | 670. | 57 620. |
| Igikoresho giseba munsi yumutwe uva mumucanga, amatongo | 30M3 | 420. | 12 600. |
| Igikoresho cyimfatiro za kaseti, amasahani ya monolithic yongeye gushimangira beto | 59M3 | 4200. | 247 800. |
| Kwinjiza monolithic slab insulation | set | - | 12,000 |
| Amazi adafite amazi kandi kuruhande | 220M2. | - | 79 200. |
| Byose | 409 220. | ||
| Ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku gice | |||
| Kamera yajanjaguwe, umucanga | 30M3 | - | 39 000 |
| Biremereye | 59M3 | 4500. | 265 500. |
| Hydrosteol, bistinic ya bituminiyo | 220M2. | - | 63 800. |
| Armature, ingabo zinkingizo, umushumba nibindi bikoresho | set | - | 89 300. |
| Byose | 457 67. | ||
| Inkuta, ibice, byuzuye, igisenge | |||
| Kubaka inkuta n'ibice bivuye mu kabari | 48m3. | 4300. | 206 46. |
| Igikoresho kirenga | set | - | 62.000 |
| Igikoresho cya sisitemu ya rafter | 210M2. | - | 157 55. |
| Gusukura amatwi no guhuzagurika | 320M2. | 90. | 28 800. |
| Igikoresho cya Hydro n'ibihuha | 320M2. | 40. | 12 800. |
| Bitumen tiles igikoresho | 210M2. | 420. | 88 200. |
| Swingi | set | - | 27 300. |
| Gushiraho Idirishya na Block | set | - | 73 400. |
| Byose | 656 400. | ||
| Ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku gice | |||
| Kwirukana Kit (Fled, Saw-Timone, Ibindi bikoresho) | set | - | 5 140 000 |
| INKINGI ZISANZWE (Polypropylene Ihebe), yatembaga, izimya | set | - | 25 800. |
| Steam, umuyaga na firime | 320M2. | - | 11 500. |
| Insulation | 320M2. | - | 34 800. |
| Bitumininous tile, Doborye | 210M2. | - | 109 500 |
| Idirishya n'umuryango | set | - | 443.000 |
| Byose | 5 764 600. | ||
| Sisitemu yubushakashatsi, kurangiza imirimo | |||
| Amashanyarazi na Plumbing | set | - | 657.000 |
| Kurangiza akazi | set | - | 825.000 |
| Byose | 1 482.000 | ||
| Ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku gice | |||
| Amazi n'amashanyarazi | set | - | 1 823,000 |
| Ikibaho cyubuyobozi bwa gilf, amashusho ya porcelain, ingazi, lasterboard, ibice byumuryango, birangisho, amarangi, ibiceri byimigabane, byumye bivanze.p. | set | - | 1 750 600. |
| Byose | 3 573. | ||
| * Kubara bikorwa bitabazwa hejuru, ubwikorezi hamwe nandi mafaranga, kimwe nibigo byinjije. |
Abanditsi barakoze munzu ya Laplande kugirango bafashe mugutegura ibintu.