Kugura umugabane mu nzu: amabuye y'amazi n'ibisubizo kubibazo byose byingenzi

Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kugura ninde ufite? Birashoboka kugurisha igiti mu nzu aho umwana yateganijwe? Byagenda bite se niba hari stumbrans? Turasubiza ibi nibindi bibazo bijyanye nuburyo bwo kugura umugabane mu nzu.

Kugura umugabane munzu hamwe namabuye y'amazi yose hamwe namategeko adahuye asa nkaho bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka. Benshi batinya ababuranyi barokotse abaturanyi babo bakabahatira kugurisha igice cyabo. Ibyago birahari rwose, kandi ni binini, ariko kurundi ruhande, igisubizo nkicyo gifite ibyiza byinshi. Biratunganye kubarushye kwishyura ubukode bahitamo kubona amazu yabo. Niba amafaranga yo kugura "kabiri" cyangwa "odnushki" ntibihagije, ubu buryo bukemewe. Amategeko aganisha kuri iyi nzira ashingiye ku ihame ryoroshye - hamwe nubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose hamwe numutungo utimukanwa, inyungu za ba nyirazo zose zigomba kubahirizwa. Nubwo batitabira ibikorwa.

Byose bijyanye no kugura umugabane mu nzu

1. Itandukaniro ryingingo no gusangira nyirubwite
2. Kugura neza
3. Ibisabwa kugirango uguze umugabane munzu aho umwana yateganijwe
4. Kugura umugabane wumwana
5. Ibikorwa hamwe nubucukuzi butemewe
6. Kwishura Amakomine
7. Kubaho kwa cocombrans
8. Kubona umugabane wibice byose
9. Ubwumvikane
10. Inzira yo gukora amasezerano

1 Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gufatanya no gusangira nyirubwite?

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bishyiraho amategeko agenga Leta ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya.

• Hamwe na nyirubwite, buri wese muri ba nyirayo afite uruhare. Gusa muriki kibazo birashobora kugurwa cyangwa kuyigurisha.
• Hamwe no guhuriza hamwe - ikintu kiri mububiko rusange. Irashobora kugabanywamo uruhushya rwababuranyi cyangwa icyemezo cyurukiko, mugihe byibuze umwe mubaburanyi bashimangiye. Amacumbi asanzwe abona mubukwe kandi asangiwe numutungo.

Twabibutsa ko imiterere yumujyi wamazu menshi yububiko idatanga kugirango hatabaho urwego rwa kabiri rwintambwe cyangwa kumuhanda. Guhuza izocuzi biragoye rwose. Aka gace, nk'itegeko, rikomeza kuba imwe.

2 Ninde ufite uburenganzira bwo kugura umugabane mu nzu?

Nk'uko Ingingo 250 ya mbonezamubano wa Federation Burusiya, nyirayo bose bafite imbere uburenganzira bwo kugura metero kare kuko igiciro cyagenwe mu kugurisha. Gutanga isoko no kohereza kubuntu ni ibintu bidasanzwe. Mu mategeko, umugurisha agomba kohereza amatangazo yanditse hamwe na ba nyirubwite agaragaza igiciro nibindi bisabwa. Kugugura ukwezi kumwe, nyuma umugurisha abona amahirwe yo gusoza amasezerano undi muntu. Barashobora gutanga ibisobanuro byanditse hamwe no kwanga ibirego byabo. Muri iki kibazo, igihe kinini cyo gutegereza. Niba icyifuzo kirimo guhinduka, birakenewe kandi gutanga raporo.

Mugihe abasaba benshi basaba bahita bagaragara, metero yitanze yakira Utanga ibihe byiza. Birashobora kuba umugabo, umugore cyangwa umuntu utari mwene wabo. Nta mahirwe ashingiye ku rwego rwo kuba umusambanyi atatanzwe.

Mu kurenga ku ngingo ya 250 mu mezi atatu, ni ikirego ku ishami ry'Akarere ry'Urukiko.

Kugerageza kurenga Amategeko ntabwo buri gihe byarangiye neza. Gutanga impano kubw'undi wa gatatu, hari ibyago byo kutabona amafaranga. Byongeye kandi, ndetse no kwakira amafaranga yasezeranijwe, abagurisha bigumaho ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Nyuma ya byose, mubyukuri, igikorwa nkiki ni ugugura no kugurisha. Garagaza ko mu rukiko ntabwo bigoye.

Kugirango utaba igitambo cy'uburiganya cyangwa gukora ikosa ubwawe, nibyiza kwiyandikisha inkunga yumutungo. Ibisubizo bimwe nibyo ureba mbere, akenshi biganisha ku ngaruka zitifuzwa.

3 Nakora iki niba umwana yanditswe mu nzu?

Niba umwana yateganijwe ku kibanza, ugomba kubyemera kwitandukanya nukuri. Birakenewe kuyirinda ibikorwa by'umugizi wa nabi no kurinda amakimbirane. Ijambo ry'amasezerano ni ukwezi rero, rifite aho rigarukira.

Ipaki yinyandiko zo kubara

• Umurera wa Passeport.
• Icyemezo cy'amavuko.
• Gukuramo intoki.
• Gusaba uruhushya rwo kuyobora ibikorwa.

Ntabwo biriyemo ko izindi mpapuro zizakenerwa.

4 Nigute ushobora kugura umugabane wumwana?

Ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ugurisha akomeza amategeko, yaba adahisha ko umwe mubatoteza kuri metero kare ni muto.

Amabwiriza yo kugurisha umugabane

• Umwana afite amazu atandukanye. Ntushobora kumwemerera kuguma kumuhanda.
• Bizagira kwiyandikisha burundu kuri aderesi nshya.
• Nyuma yo kwandikisha amasezerano yo kugurisha umugabane mu nzu, imibereho ahantu hashya ntigomba kuba bibi kuruta iyambere.

Kugirango ugurishe umugabane wumwana, ugomba kandi gukusanya impapuro kurutonde rwikintu cyabanjirije. Yasabwe inyandiko nziza yo kurangiza amazu mashya.

5 Nigute wagura igiti mu nzu hamwe no gucuranga mu buryo butemewe?

Impinduka zose zisaba kwerekana muri pasiporo tekinike cyangwa kuri gahunda ya BTI zigomba kwemeranya mubigo bya leta. Impinduka zimwe ntizishobora guhuzwa. Ibintu byose byemewe bikozwe kumushinga ugomba gutegekwa mumuryango wubwubatsi ufite uruhushya rwo gukora imirimo yumushinga. Akenshi abapangayi bacungurwa wenyine. Niba bidakoreshwa mubikorwa byabujijwe, kandi nta kibi kirarambiranye, birashobora kwemeza. Bitabaye ibyo, kugurisha metero kare ntibizabigeraho.

Birumvikana ko ari byiza kwirinda ibikorwa nkibi. Ubwa mbere, bararemewe, naho icya kabiri, akenshi haribibazo mugihe cy'ikizamini, bidashobora kugaragara wigenga. Nkigisubizo, nyirubwite ahatirwa gushinga hejuru.

Umuguzi, nkitegeko, itera umukozi kuva BTI. Ikora igenzura, gupima no kwandika bidahuye na pasiporo na gahunda. Kora ibikorwa byumutungo utimukanwa mugihe uvumbuye ihohoterwa rirabujijwe. Mubibazo bidasanzwe, umugurisha akoresha gushyikirana numuguzi nta bugenzuzi. Ibi birumvikana gusa mugihe ukomokamo hamwe no guhumurizwa nabaturanyi bitabangamiye. Kurugero, ba nyir'abari basenyutse abaminisitiri kandi bagura gufungura mu gice, bitahura n'imisozi iyo ari yo yose, usibye misa yabo. Gutezimbere ibyangombwa byumushinga no guhuza bizatwara ukwezi kurenza, kandi ntamwanya wo gutegereza - ni ngombwa kwinjira byihutirwa.

6 Nigute ushobora kubana imyenda yo kwishyura byingirakamaro?

Mugihe ugura umugabane mu nzu, birakenewe kwitondera bidasanzwe kunyereza amafaranga yishyuwe. Mugihe badahari, ugomba kuvugana na MFC hanyuma ufate ibinyomoro kugirango adahari.

Kugira ngo byorohereze izindi mibare, nyirubwite arashobora guhamagara ubukangurambaga bwo kugenzura hanyuma usabe gusubiramo compte zose.

Imyenda ishaje nyuma yo gusinya amasezerano yo kugurisha igomba kwishyura uwahoze ari nyirayo.

Kugirango tutakemura iki kibazo binyuze mu rukiko, nibyiza kugenzura ibintu byose mbere. Urukiko hafi buri gihe rufata icyemezo cyo gutonesha nyirayo, ariko iburanisha rikuraho imbaraga nyinshi namafaranga. Byongeye kandi, inzira izagenda, hari ibyago byo kuguma nta mazi n'amashanyarazi.

7 Nakora iki niba hari imitwaro?

Basunze haba ku gace kose ndetse no ku ruhande rwayo. Kugirango umenye niba aribyo, ugomba gusoma witonze ibitekerezo bya egrn. Kugirango ubone, hamagara MFC. Serivisi yishyuwe. Impuzandengo yacyo ni amafaranga 350, ariko ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya ukuri ku mutungo wabonye.

Inguzanyo ni igikomangoma. Muri uru rubanza, birakenewe gukora ibikorwa ntabwo byemewe gusa na ba nyirabyo gusa, ariko nanone banki yatanze inguzanyo. Ibigo by'imari akenshi bisubiza kwanga, kuko bidashaka gufata ibyago bifitanye isano nimpinduka ya nyirayo.

Igisubizo cyoroshye ni kwishyura hakiri kare, ariko ntabwo buri gihe bishoboka. Niba umuguzi ari umuntu ufite uburenganzira bwiganje, ibyago bigabanuka.

8 Nigute ushobora kubona umugabane wawe wa nyirubwite rwose?

Inkoko ya nyir'ikintu cyumutungo utimukanwa arashobora gusaba gutandukana igice cyacyo. Mugihe yanze kubandi ba nyirugomo, agomba kujya mu rukiko agatsimbarara ku gucungura ku gahato k'umugabane mu nzu. Ikintu ntigishobora kugabanwa.

Hariho ibihe mugihe bibujije gushiraho amategeko cyangwa imiterere yubututsi. Noneho umuntu watanze ikirego yakira indishyi ingana na metero kare. Indishyi nazo zihembwa mu buryo budakwiriye urubuga. Kwishura bikorwa mu itegeko aho gutandukanya metero kare.

Kwishyura indishyi

• Umugabane ni ubusa.
• Ntabwo ishobora gutangwa no guteshwa agaciro kuva ahasigaye mukarere.
• Umuntu watanze urubanza nta nyungu zikomeye. Kuba hari inyungu zingenzi zigenwa n'urukiko. Kugira ngo tumenye, ibimenyetso bisabwa ko umuntu akeneye ikintu akoresheje imyaka, ibikorwa byumwuga, ibindi bihe.

Mu bindi bihe, amafaranga yishyurwa arashobora gutereranwa ashyigikira.

9 Kwemera abashakanye mugihe ugura?

Agace kwose twabonye numuryango bifatwa nkumutungo rusange. Iri tegeko rireba ibintu byose byubatse. Metero kare yaguzwe mbere cyangwa nyuma yubukwe ni iy'umuntu wabashyuye kandi ahabwa uburenganzira bwabo.

Ingingo ya 35 y'amategeko yumuryango wa federasiyo y'Uburusiya avuga ko iyo kwiyandikisha bishobora gukenera uruhushya rwanditse rwanditse kumugabo we cyangwa umugore we. Urukiko rwemera igikorwa cyo kugura no kugurisha bitemewe kubisabwa umugabo cyangwa umugore we kandi niba hari ibimenyetso byuko umwe mubagize umuryango arwanya ayo masezerano.

Uwo mwashakanye arashobora gutanga ikirego mu mwaka kuva umunsi yamenyaga gusinya amasezerano.

10 Nigute twagira amasezerano neza?

Ubwa mbere, umugurisha agomba gutanga igice cyumutungo wose. Bifatwa nk'igitambaraye ingi.

Igomba kugenzurwa niba hari ububiko, uburyo butemewe cyangwa ibindi bintu birinda kugura. Ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi, utumira umukozi wa BTI n'impuguke baturutse mu kwiyamamaza. Byifuzwa gukora icyemezo cyubugenzuzi cyangwa kubarura.

Mugihe ugura umugabane mu nzu yaturutse kuri bene wabo cyangwa abandi bafatanije, umugurisha ntakeneye kohereza kumenyesha byerekana igiciro nibindi bisabwa. Mu bindi bihe, birakenewe ko bashobora kumenya uburenganzira bwabo bwo kumenya nta kibazo. Kubera ko gushyiramo amatangazo yamamaza bigomba kurenga ukwezi, nyuma yukuntu habaye uburenganzira bwo gutakaza imbaraga. Ikibazo kizakemurwa byihuse niba ba nyirubwite bandika integuza ko badasaba metero kare.

Iyo guhindura ibintu bigomba gutegereza ukwezi. Umuguzi, gutsimbarara ku mpinduka zabo, ingaruka zo kugumana ntakintu, kuko ibintu byiza bishobora gutunganya abakodesha. Kwishingira ingaruka zidashaka, nibyiza gusaba kopi yimitsindire yabafite bose.

Iyo ikintu kigenzuwe kandi impapuro zose ziteraniye hamwe, ababuranyi bashoriza amasezerano yo kugurisha. Byakozwe ukurikije icyitegererezo gisanzwe.

Kugura amategeko no kugurisha amasezerano

• Amakuru ya pasiporo yabatabishaka bose.
• Amakuru yerekeye ikintu - aderesi, agace, ibindi bipimo.
• Amakuru avuye mu bakodesha asigaye.
• Uburenganzira n'inshingano by'ababuranyi.
• Inzira yo kubara.
• Ibindi bisabwa - bisabwe n'ababuranyi.

Urupapuro rwahawe noteri. Irashobora gufasha mugutegura no gutanga inkunga ya tekiniki kubikorwa. Noneho gukuramo kuri Ergn.

Mu nyubako nshya, ntabwo yashinzwe, uzakenera gusinya igikorwa cyo kwakira akarere. Kubara. Gutandukana nyobozi. Nta cyitegererezo kimwe kuri yo.

Porogaramu yo kugurisha

• Passeport.
• Kureka egrn, igikorwa cyo kugura no kugurisha, impano, ubushake, nibindi. Ahari igikorwa cyimpano kirimo ibisabwa bidashoboka. Birashoboka ko mugikorwa cyo kwegurira abikorera byerekanwe ko abantu banze uruhare rwabo bagumanye igihe cyo gutura muri kare.
• Ibice byo mu gitabo cy'inzu - muri yo urashobora kumenya niba umwana muto atanditswe.
• Terefone ya tesport na BTI - kugenzura niba nta kuvugurura cyangwa gucungwa.
• Natoye uburenganzira bwuwo mwashakanye wa kabiri.
• Kunanirwa kwa ba nyirubwite.
• Uruhushya rwo kurinda inzego zo kurera.
• Icyemezo cyo kubura imyenda kubwishyu bwingirakamaro gitangwa na sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere.

Kubwo kwandikisha uburenganzira bwo gutura, bizaba ngombwa kwishyura inshingano za leta mu rwego rw'amafaranga 2000. Kuri buri nyirubwite. Bikwiye kuboneka hakiri kare ninde wishyura serivisi zisosiyete ikoranabuhanga, ikigo cyamamaza iyamamaza no gushakisha abakiriya. Akenshi bahoze ba nyirayo batanga kwishyura ibi biciro muri kimwe cya kabiri. Kugira ngo wirinde kutumvikana, nibyiza gukemura iki kibazo mbere.

Rimwe na rimwe, umugurisha numuguzi barimo gushaka akazi kugirango bihute inzira yo gucuruza. Nubwo babikora bahuye nubwumvikane, ibyago byo kugumanaho. Ntabwo bikwiye kwihuta no kwamamaza, kutagira umwanya wo kumenya uburyo bwo kugura igiti mu nzu yarwavandimwe. Ubwa mbere ukeneye kuganira kuri byose, hanyuma ugize umunyamategeko, upima "" kuri "na" kurwanya ". Kandi cyane cyane, mubyukuri, ntakibazo, ntibishoboka gukora amakosa mugushimana ibitekerezo kubahagarariye. Ku mbaraga z'abavoka, ubushobozi bwabo bugomba kuba inyandiko neza, ntiyemerera guta umutungo w'undi muntu mu izina ryayo.