Tuvuga uburyo bwo guhitamo inyubako, shushanya igishushanyo no gukora akazi ko gushiraho gushiraho urufatiro rwihuse kandi neza.
Nigute ushobora gukora urufatiro rwa FBS
Kwitondera IbikoreshoIbyifuzo byo kubika no gutwara abantu
Igishushanyo murugo
Ibyiza nibibi bya FBS
Uburyo bwo gukora akazi ko kwishyiriraho
- Dukora Markup
- Umwobo cyangwa boilers
- Igikoresho wenyine
- Uburyo bwo kubyara Masonry
- Ingamba zinyongera
Buri nzu, ntabwo ari kinini cyane, irakenewe kugirango ishyigikire, itazimye, izajya hasi iyobowe na misa yayo, ihora igenda, keretse Birumvikana ko inyubako idahagaze kuri slabu nini. Urufatiro rwinyubako rwateguwe kumacumbi yumwaka ukozwe mumatafari cyangwa ibiti biremereye bitunganijwe muburyo butandukanye. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Hasi uzaba intambwe yintambwe kubwubatsi bwishingiro kuva kuri FBS, kimwe nisesengura igereranya zemerera kugereranya nizindi ikoranabuhanga.
Gutondekanya ubwoko bwahagaritswe
Ibicuruzwa biratandukanye mubunini, misa n'imbaraga, kimwe no kubahirizwa cyangwa kubura amakuru nindi itumanaho. Mu rubanza rwa nyuma, igenamigambi "FBP" rikoreshwa. Nk'itegeko, fittings ntabwo ishyirwa mu gisubizo ku cyiciro cyo gutanga umusaruro, utabaze imitwaro igabanuka ku buryo bugaragara. Gushimangirwa byashyizwe mubikorwa mubijyanye nuruganda, ariko izi ngamba ntabwo zisabwa, ariko hejuru yuburebure nubwinshi bwinzego zishyigikira inyubako.
Ubwoko butatu bwa beto bukoreshwa nkibikoresho: biremereye, byangiza nibumba hamwe nubusa bwuzuye bwa 2400, 200 na 1800 kg / m3. Kurwanya gukwirakwiza imitwaro ihagaritse biterwa niyi parameter. Aya moko uko ari atatu yerekanwe mugushushanya inyuguti nkuru eshatu: "T" - biremereye; "P" - kuri porotse yuzuye, ni ukuvuga ibumba; "C" irasenyutse.
Icyiciro nimbaraga zo gukuramo zisobanuwe mumeza
| Icyiciro | Impuzandengo, KGF / CM² | Igisubizo |
| B3.5 | 45.8. | M50 |
| B7.5 | 98.2 | M100 |
| B12.5 | 163.7 | M150 |
| B15 | 196.5 | M200 |
Kurwanya ubukonje birenze ukwezi kwa kabiri no gutunganya. Niba dusuzumye ko uruhande rwimbere rwimiterere rushobora guhora duhura numwuka ushyushye, utabyemerera guhagarika, ubuzima bwa serivisi buba burenze iyo yinyubako zizewe.
Kurwanya amazi W2 byizerwa byizerwa nubushuhe niba igisubizo cya Masonry kidatsinzwe, kandi niba kubara umushinga bikozwe nta makosa.
Ibicuruzwa byose bifite ibikoresho byo kuzenguruka bikenewe kugirango bafate igikoma. Mugihe ushyiraho, biranyeganyeza byoroshye kandi ntibitera ibibazo, ariko birashoboka kubyara kandi bitabafite.
Ibipimo biriho byemerera ubunini budasanzwe na misa.
Ububiko no gutwara ibintu
Ububiko bugomba gukorwa mubice bifite uburebure ntarengwa bwa m 2,5, bwitaruye hejuru kandi neza. Buri murongo ugomba kuryama ku murongo wibiti ufite ubunini bwa cm 3. Amategeko amwe afite agaciro ko gutwara. Umutwaro ugomba gukosorwa neza mumubiri muburyo bwo gukumira kwimuka kwayo. Uburebure bwikimenyetso biterwa nubushobozi bwimodoka.
Igishushanyo murugo
Kuva ku ya 1 Werurwe 2019, umutungo utimukanwa uturuka ugabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri:
- Inzu y'Ubusitani;
- Ikintu cyo kubaka amazu (Izhs).
Mu rubanza rwa mbere, kubaka birashobora kuba ikintu cyose: kuva ku nyubako nto kugirango icumbi ryamacumbi. Mubwa kabiri, ni amazu yuzuye aho nyir'ubwite afite uburenganzira bwo kwakira kwiyandikisha nko mumujyi. Kubwoko nk'ubwo nyirubwite, hari ibipimo bimwe kandi bya tekiniki n'amahame ya tekiniki ku nyubako zose zo guturamo. Kugira ngo ubone inyandiko igufasha gusuzuma ikintu nk'iki gifite amazu yuzuye, umushinga ugomba gushyirwaho kandi wemezwa mu bihe bya Leta. Igomba kwishora mu iterambere ryayo harimo kubara igice cyo mu kuzimu, hakagombye umuryango ufite uruhushya rubishinzwe.
Ku nzu y'ubusitani, ibyo yarimo byose uko atekereza, uku kwemerwa ntibizakenera. Hamwe na misa ntoya yinkuta nigisenge, ibipimo bya tekiniki birashobora gushyirwa ku kaga, kuyoborwa nuburambe bwihariye. Niba inzu yubusitani iteganijwe kwitonderwa mukinyejana hamwe nibishoboka byo kwimurira muri Izhs, nibyiza kuvugana numuryango ushushanya.
Abashakashatsi b'inararibonye bagomba kubanza gusuzuma ubutaka mu ifasi aho kubaka. Mu kibanza cy'ibumba, kirangwa no kugenda no gukonjesha cyane, birakenewe gushira hafi yimbitse ya 0.7. Kuri Sandy bihagije, ubujyakuzimu bwa 0.5. Ibishushanyo mbonera biremewe hano. Itowo igomba gushyirwa munsi yumurongo wa Freezing, kuva iyo dukonje kubushyuhe bubi, ubutaka butangira kwaguka. Ubujyakuzimu bwashizweho nabwo buterwa nurwego rwamazi yubutaka. Ahari ubushakashatsi buzerekana ko gukoresha igisubizo cyubwubatsi kurubuga bitemewe. Kandi uhagarariye lens y'amazi - amatsinda y'amazi yakozwe ku butaka, yitwikiriye umucanga. Gusa tekinike idasanzwe yubuhanga ishoboye kubimenya.
Ubugari n'uburebure, kimwe n'ibiranga imiterere yose, ntibigomba kujyanwa ku jisho. Fata imyanzuro iboneye ukurikije ibipimo bikenewe hamwe no kubara ni inzobere zujuje ibyangombwa gusa.
Umugambi wo mu nzu ni umwe mu mushinga we. Ni itambitse ryo gutema hejuru. Nk'ubutegetsi, igipimo cya 1: 200 cyangwa 1: 400 kirafatwa. Gahunda igomba kubanga itumanaho ryose, umwanya wabo winjiza. Amakuru agomba kwerekanwa muburyo bwa tekiniki. Igice gishushanyije cyerekana imiterere yibintu byingenzi kubice byose. Niba ibice bya monolithic byerekanwe, bigomba no kumenyana mugushushanya hamwe namakuru yose ya tekiniki.
Ibyiza nibibi bya Fondasiyo Kuva FBS
Mu bwubatsi buke, cyane cyane ubwoko bubiri bwo gushyigikira inzego kumazu yubatswe nibiti biremereye, amatafari nibindi bikoresho bifite uburemere bwingenzi bukoreshwa:
- Umusaraba utuje, ibyaremwe birimo gukoresha imiterere;
- Guhagarika ubwonko.
Monolitbic Monolithic iraramba, ariko ntabwo ihindagurika, bityo aba afite amahirwe make yo kubaho mugihe ubutaka bwigeze. Urukurikirane rwuburyo bwa kabiri ni bwo buryo bworoshye. Hamwe nishoramari rimwe ryimari nigipimo cyubwubatsi, niba ikoreshwa, akazi kazakenera gutegereza ibyumweru bine mugihe igisubizo cyimiterere gikora kandi kikabona imbaraga zikenewe.
Indi miterere itandukanye ni amahirwe yo gukoresha ubujura bwa blok mu gihe cy'itumba. Igomba kwibukwa ko imvange yubushyuhe bubi ikonje kandi igahungabana gake kuruta mu kirere cyumye. Ariko, ndetse nibiranga byangiritse bizaba bihagije mugihe igikoresho cyo gusiga kaseti gihagije. Niba imashini zikanda, ntacyo bitwaye kuburyo ryerekana thenometero kumuhanda - wongeyeho cyangwa ukuyemo. Gutegereza Isoko ntirigomba.
Ibiryo byingenzi nibishoboka byo kubaka ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe. Ububiko bwabo bufatwa nkimyaka irenga 100.
Icyiciro cyumushinga cyoroshe, kuko byoroshye gushiraho ubunini buzwi cyane kuruta kubara neza.
Kutoroherwa nuko kwishyiriraho bizasaba ko crane izashyirwa kurubuga. Nibyiza, niba hari intoki yatsindiye cyangwa imizi yo guterura urugo, ariko ntibishoboka kutamenya ko hagamijwe imiterere hamwe nisuka cyangwa pompe nibyiza cyane.
Uburyo bwo gukora akazi mukubaka ubutaka
Nkuko twabibonye, kora byose ntibizakorana namaboko yacu - kugirango ubone amakuru yabazwe, ibikoresho bidasanzwe birakenewe, kandi bikureho ibimenyetso, gukora neza ko biremereye imizigo ishobora kuba Crane cyangwa inyubako brigade yinyubako cyangwa inyubako .Dukora Markup
Ugomba gutangira gutegura iperereza ryubutaka. Birakenewe kubara mbere aho crane izazamuka, aho aho hagenewe ububiko buzabashye.
Nyuma yivanga yose ikuweho kandi hari gahunda isobanutse, kuri perimeter Mariko. Hariho inguni z'ejo hazaza murugo, amababi hamwe nibendera birukanwa aha hantu, kandi umugozi urambuye hagati yabo. Imyenda igomba kuba hagati ya kaseti ya beto yateguwe kuri intera imwe nimbere imbere ninyuma. Kubitwara hasi kuri metero yo muri metero kugirango batagwa hamwe nubutaka bwuzuye. Ibendera rirakenewe kugira crane no gucumura neza kubabona.
Noneho ibintu byingenzi bisigaye byerekanwe, kuboneka bizagira ingaruka kubikoresho byibanze. Niba inyubako ifite perimetero igoye kandi imiterere, Marking ikorwa namashusho, igikona cyangwa lime. Mugihe kimwe, kugura no gutanga ibikoresho bigurwa. Umubare wibintu byabanjirije hamwe n'aho baherereye mu Masonry bigenwa ku cyiciro cyagenwe.
Umwobo cyangwa uhagaze?
Urufatiro rwa rubbon ruva muri FBS rushyirwa mu mwobo cyangwa pita. Ihitamo ryanyuma rirakwiye niba ubutaka buteganijwe, cyangwa niba ubutaka bwakozwe. Irasabwa kandi kuyicura iyo imbitse ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'isahani idasanzwe ya horizontal
Mu rubanza rwa mbere, ubugari bugera kuri m 1,5, byashyizwe mu mwanya wo kuvoma, ubushyuhe no mu mazi, n'ubujyakuzimu bwa m.5-9.9 Gutatana ni binini cyane. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, iyi mibare igomba gufatwa ukurikije umushinga. Mu turere dukonje aho ubutaka bukonjesha ubujyakuzimu bwa metero nyinshi, ntugomba kwinjira mubwimbitse. Ongeraho cm 20-30 ntabwo ikwiye.
Ubutaka nibyiza kubuza kurubuga kugirango bidahindura uburyo bwo kubonana kandi ntibyabangamiye kugenda.
Igikoresho wenyine
Ukurikije imitungo yubutaka, yaba yajanjaguwe ibuye cyangwa umusego wumusenyi cyangwa umukandara wo muri fl plaque. Ihitamo ryambere rirakwiriye ubutaka bwicaye, icya kabiri - cyimukanwa hamwe nimbaga nini. Bisaba ishoramari rikomeye, ariko rituma ibikenewe bikenewe mu kubaka. Aho amasahani, uburyo bwo gushiraho bukoreshwa kenshi. Birahendutse, ariko iyo bikoreshejwe, bigomba gutegereza ibyumweru 3-4 kugeza igisubizo dukunda kandi bikurura imbaraga za vintage. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibyifuzo bihabwa ahanini kuri we. Reba muburyo burambuye. Ubuso bwahujwe kandi umusego w'intwari esheshatu wo mu mucanga urateganijwe. Kuva hejuru, cm 15 yajanjaguwe ibuye. Kugirango wongere imikorere yiki kibazo, buri gice kigomba gufunga buri gice gifite umukandara cyangwa vibration. Ibikoresho byegeranye byihuse iyo bitose. Hamwe nubushake budakomeye bwubutaka, guhagarika birashobora gushirwa kuri shingiro nkiyi. Dufate ko ubutaka burimo ibumba rinini, kandi turacyakeneye gukora oratete.
Imiterere yo gukoranya ituruka ku kibaho cyoroshye kugirango imvange idatemba. Bakomezwa n'imitekerereze no kubika kutanagora igitutu kandi ntugwe. Ikadiri yo gushimangira ishyirwaho imbere, igizwe ninkoni ndende itambitse hamwe na diameter ya mm 10-15, yakubiswe hejuru yimpande kuva hejuru no hepfo no gukora mumaso ane. Hifashishijwe insinga, bahuza mugenzi wabo bagoretse inkoni zidasanzwe cyangwa imigozi yiyongera muri cm 10-20. Karkas agomba kugaruka mu gisubizo kandi yigunze ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije kugira ngo yirinde kugaswa, bityo ihujwe n'icyuma gito kuri yo cyari ku butumburuke bwa cm 1-2 hejuru y'ubutaka. Ibi bizemerera kwibiza byimazeyo muburyo buturuka hejuru, ariko ni munsi. Hasi irashobora gufatirwa kuri manda ihendutse kugirango agace k'amazi bitamanuka.
Gusuka bikorwa buhoro kandi birahari. Kugereranya imvange no gukuraho ubusa, birakenewe guhora dusuka inkoni cyangwa icyuma. Ku cyiciro cya nyuma, ubuso burahujwe. Mu bihe bishyushye bigomba guhora dutose. Bitabaye ibyo, ibice bizakora hamwe nigituba gityaye kandi kidafite ishingiro.
Uburyo bwo kubyara Masonry
Ikirango cya beto M100 cyashyizwe kumurongo. Ugereranije, litiro 10 zimara ugereranije. Kugira ngo ibintu byose byingenzi byari bihagaze neza, umugozi urambuye kuva ku nkombe y'urukuta. Ibikoresho bigaragazwa murwego kugirango amashyaka yabo ari muburebure bumwe. Ihemu hagati yabo yasutswe nigisubizo. Buri murongo ugomba gushyirwaho hasi, kuva mu nyubako zifite hanze imbere imbere.Ingamba zinyongera
Urufatiro, ndetse no mu turere two mu majyepfo, aho imvura nkeya igwa, ikenera amazi. Mu butaka, ubushuhe burigihe bwegeranya bushobora gutera ruswa ibikoresho, bigasiga icyuho, ubisenya. Kuri ibyo ntibibaho, urashobora gukoresha mastike yamazi. Mu gitabo cyo hagati, aho ubutaka butose, burasabwa gukora igikono cyinyongera kuva rubberoid.
Imiterere kuzarushaho gukomera no biramba, niba hejuru formwork ikoresha igerekeranye indi bifatika ufite umubyimba wa 25 cm. Umutwaro kuva kubaka izaba bunamye, ni gukanda kuri hejuru, kandi ni arambura hasi, kugira Nibyiza gushyira inkomoko yinyongera yo gushimangira.
Kugirango ubone amabwiriza arambuye, reba videwo.