Mu gihe cyo kubaka inzu y'amatafari cyangwa guhagarika, gushimangira inzitizi za beto no kugororangingo bifatika. Tuvuga ubwoko bwinzego nuburyo bwo kubaka guhuzagurika nta makosa.
Hashingiwe hasi kuri beto ni ibikoresho byiza byumvikana kandi ntibishobora kwibasirwa no kunyeganyega ugereranije nibitara byimbaho. Bararamba cyane, bahanganye n'umutwaro uva mu isabune, ingazi, ibikoresho byinshi, byorohereza igisubizo cy'imirimo itegura. Hariho amakosa, mbere ya byose bifitanye isano no gukenera gukurura ibikoresho bikomeye numubare munini wabakozi, gukodesha ibikoresho byihariye. Hashingiwe ku magorofa ya beto ubusanzwe bisaba ko ahuza inyongera, rimwe na rimwe ubushishozi kandi hafi buri gihe bisaba ibishushanyo byinshi bishingiye ku biti byimbaho.
Kugirango utarengereye kandi ntuzigame ku byangiza ubuziranenge, mbere ya byose, ibyiza n'ibikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga bitandukanye mu kubaka ibirenze iyo hubatswe.
Icyambere cya plab
Mubwubatsi buke-bwubaka amazu, ibisasu byarangiye bikoreshwa cyane cyane ubwoko butatu: PC (hamwe nu muco (pb (pb (pb (pb (pb (pr-umwirondoro wimpongano) na sfo (igorofa yimyanya yoroshye). Ibyapa bya PC na PB birekurwa bifite ubunini bwa mm 220, mugihe icya kabiri kirangwa na geometrie yukuri nubuzima bwiza (bakorewe gusya). Amasahani Pho, ubugari bwa mm 160, bifatwa nk'ibyiringiro byihariye byo kubaka, kubera ko urukuta n'ishingiro ryoroherezwaga, icyarimwe, ku bushobozi (ubushobozi bwabatwara) , gusa munsi yumubiri kubwoko bwa pc na pb plaque. Ibimera bitanga ibicuruzwa byingano nyinshi, nubwo ibisate bikunze kugaragara 100, 120, ubugari bwa cm 15 kugeza kuri 9 kugeza kuri 9 hamwe na cm 10 hamwe na metero 9 guhagarikwa nta mfashanyo yinyongera).
Ubugari bwa platifomu yerekana amasahani mu nkuta z'amatafari agomba kuba byibura mm 100. Iyo bishyiraho, abacana bashyizwe kumurongo wibisubizo. Niba nta karorano y'uruganda ihari, umwobo ugomba gufunga imitwe yisahani.
Mu ngororano yoroheje (imbibi zifatika, zamayoke za polystyrene, Arbolite, Abadayimoni, intangarugero) imyumvire y'umutware w'isahani ya monolithic w / B n'uburebure bwa mm 100-150.
Kubikoresho, kugenda muri monolithic cyangwa gukusanya-monolithic yashizwemo kumurongo kugirango utezimbere
Ibyiza nyamukuru byo kurengana ibyapa byuzuye - Umuvuduko mwinshi, amahirwe yo gukora akazi mu gihe cy'itumba (ku bushyuhe butarenze - kandi c) izwi cyane ku biranga amasahani, bizwi cyane ku masahani no gukurikiranwa neza.
Ku rundi ruhande, ingano ihamye yo gushimisha bimwe na bimwe byashize, kandi imiterere yabo y'urukiramende irahatirwa kureka ibisubizo by'ubwubatsi budasanzwe (inkuta za radiyo, ibisigazwa bya polygonal, n'ibindi). Imodoka itoroshye: Ugomba kwitabaza gukata diyama ihenze, umusozi upakurura. Hanyuma, uzakenera gukodesha crane hanyuma ugahitamo ubufasha bwinararibonye kugirango wirinde amakosa mugihe uhambiriye amasahani. Amasahani pton hamwe no gutanga bizatwara amafaranga agera kuri 1700. Kuri 1 m2, nigiciro cyo kwishyiriraho - kuva kuri 3500. Inyuma y'itanura.
Ibyapa byinshi byuruganda bifite impande zombi zorohereza kashe
Monolithic plab yuzuye
Iki gishushanyo cyahinduwe byoroshye muburyo bwinyubako kandi burashobora kubakwa ntagakoreshwa na crane. Mugukomera, birenze ikipe, nuko urusaku rwindege rubanga neza kandi rubuza ibishishwa (muri iki gihugu munzu yicyayi nabyo bikabaho kandi ntanganya ingaruka nke zibabaje kuruta munzu yumujyi).
Mugihe ushushanya ibijumba monolithic, biyoborwa nibipimo - SP 52-101-2003, SP 52-117-2008 na SP 63.1333030.012. Ku cyiciro cya mbere, bizaba ngombwa kubaka uburyo bwakozwe na plywood, igitsina gore cyangwa izindi nkinzo zifite inkunga mubiti no ku nkombe. Igorofa ya ONS ishoboka kuva hasi yumwuga izahita yihutisha kubaka, ariko mugihe kizaza bizagora kurangiza ibisenge.
Nyuma yo guteranya imiterere ahantu hose hejuru, urwego rwibice bibiri baturutse mu gushimangira byibuze mm 10 hamwe na coeffice ishimangirwa.
Amasahani y'ibyamamare ku mucyo ashimangiwe beto ni gake cyane. Igisubizo nyamukuru ni ubuhehere buke
Inzira yo gusuka beto igomba gukorwa mugihe gito, igayobora uruganda ruvanze no gutanga imodoka. Kwitegura bifatika bitemewe, kuko mugihe kimwe ntigikwiye kwirinda "imbeho", bizagabanuka cyane imbaraga za plab. Ntabwo bitifuzwa cyane kugirango byumvikane monolithic mugihe cyigihe cyubukonje, kuko biterwa nibiciro kandi birumirwa no kugabanuka kwizerwa mu miterere. Kubwa uyu munsi, igiciro cyigikoresho cya 1 M2 cya Monolithic w / W yuzuye umubyimba wa mm 200 (akazi nibikoresho ukuyemo kurangiza guhuza) ni amafaranga ibihumbi 5.
Ibyiciro nyamukuru byo gushiraho monolithic
Hejuru yingabo zishira ryarakwirakwije amazi yazungurutse kandi uharanira inkombe, kuboha inkoni. Yujuje gutanga ibintu. Imiterere yakuweho muminsi 20 mugihe beto yatsinze 80%.
Yakusanyije monolithic
Iyi ikoranabuhanga rimaze igihe rizwi muri verisiyo nshya ribereye mukubakwa hasi itarangwamo uyu munsi kuva Marko, Teriva na Yung. Ibyingenzi byacyo ni uko mbere kumeneka bisonitse imipaka ya skeletal yinganda. Hagati y'ibiti (hamwe n'inkunga yo gusiganwa ku ruhande) shyira igorofa ikomeye mu bihaha. Iyi miyoboro ikora nk'imiterere idashizwe hejuru, hejuru yayo yashizwemo mesh yo gushimangira. Hanyuma asuka imvange ya beto ifite icyuho cyiza; Ubunini bwurwego hejuru yibice bigomba kuba mm 50-70. Nibyiza gukoresha ibicuruzwa byatanga ibicuruzwa, biremewe gutegura imvange wenyine, ikintu nyamukuru nukubuza "imbeho" mugihe bikubiye bifatika.Ikoranabuhanga rya Monolithic rituma bishoboka gukora nta bikoresho bitera imbaraga (kubera guterura ibiti bitarenze kg 120, urashobora gukoresha imfashanyigisho, kandi wongeyeho - kugirango ubike umwanya n'amafaranga kuri an Guhuza ibikoresho byabitswe. Igiciro cyibiti na block ni amafaranga agera ku 1.400. Kuri 1 m2, kandi guhuzagurika bizatwara amafaranga agera kuri 4500. kuri 1 M2).
Ibyingenzi byinteko na monolithic byuzuye
Mbere ya byose, yazuwe kurukuta kandi yashyizwe mubikorwa byo gushimangira imyanya yumushinga wimiti. Ubukurikira, bashyizeho uruzitiro ruto, kandi hejuru yabo - gride yo gushimangira. Ibiti bigomba gusunikwa hamwe n'ibice, bitabaye ibyo birashobora guhindurwa. Yasutse imvange.
Kwishyiriraho monolithic byuzuyemo bizorohereza uburyo hamwe nigitambaro gifatika. Nibyo, ikiguzi cyubukode cyacyo ni kinini - kuva kuri 000. kuri sq 50. M kumunsi
Uburyo bwo Gushimangira umwobo
Ibice by'ingazi, ibibanza, umwanda na gitereko, chimneys bigomba gutangwa mugihe ushushanyijeho no gukora neza mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Ukurikije ibipimo byubaka, umwobo wibinini byingenzi (hamwe nimpano cyangwa diameter ya mm 300 cyangwa irenga) muri plasithithichithicthict hamwe nigice cyambukiranya ibintu byimikorere yakazi, bisabwa mu kubara isahani nkibikomeye.
Hamwe n'ikirere, ni cyo cyifuzwa gukoresha amasahani idasanzwe hamwe nimwobo udasanzwe hamwe nimwobo (alas, bahujwe nabi ku nyubako nkeya) cyangwa gutanga inkingi zabashyigikiye na / cyangwa gupakurura ibice. Hatariho imbaraga no kugenzura, kubara biremewe gukora umwobo gusa uhereye kumurongo wa rubavu ujya mubindi (mubyatsi bibi ntushobora guca ibice bikomeye).
Nigute ushobora gukora ibibuno bitarenze
Indwara y'icyamamare y'itsinda ryinyubako ndende - ibitanyaga ku gisenge ku ngingo y'isahani y'ibinyamperi hejuru, bibaho haba mu nyubako yacyo. Ibi bibazo ntabwo buri gihe bishoboka kugirango birinde amahirwe. Ariko urashobora kugerageza. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda ruzatanga amasahani yoroshye hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwizirikana, kurwego rwibitekerezo byurubuga rwerekanwe hamwe no gukwirakwiza amatafari aremereye kuri etage ya kabiri hanyuma ukayishyiraho amashyiga.
Naho gufunga ingingo z'isahani, ni ngombwa gukoresha ibikoresho byiza cyane kandi ntugasiga ubusa bigira ingaruka mbi ku rwego rw'umwuka. Mubisanzwe, hashyizweho kashe ya tubular hepfo ya kashe (muburyo bwa polyurethane irashobora gukoreshwa), hanyuma akanyabikorwa bya sima yakozwe na M250, byatetse neza hashingiwe ku rufatiro sima ishinzwe amazi.
Ibiryo birenga 25 mm bikozwe ukoresheje tekinoroji ya monolithic ukoresheje imiterere ikurwaho cyangwa iterabwoba hamwe no gushimangirwa.