Chernobol gadziriro: Ongororo yemarudzi uye nzira dzekurara

Tiri kutaura nezvechimiro chekugadzira pasi pepasi pevhu: zvivakwa zvekupaza, kuisa matekinoroji, zvinhu zvekushandisa.

Pasi panofanira kunge dzakanaka, vanopfeka-zvinodzivirira, kudziya, kusimba, kusimba, kusuwa, kushayikwa. Maitiro Ekuita izvi kana kurambidza dzimba? Mumubhadharo wakazara webasa rekodhi, chikamu chechishandiso chevatema chakasarudzika chepasi ndeye 8-17%. Naizvozvo, kazhinji mutengi anoregeredza. Uye mune zvisina basa: Squeroaky parquet, yakaburitswa mavara paLinoleum - Izvi zvese zvinowanzoitika mhedzisiro yezvakaitwa neiyo dema pasi.

Chii chinonzi svutugadzike uye maitiro ekuita

Kubva pane chii pasi

Kuvimbika Kwematsigiro Akasiyana

Yakanyorova uye yakaoma pasi pasi

Soundproofing yeruzha rwakasiyana

Zvimiro zvePasi Rakasiyana

Kubva pane chii pasi

Rondedzero yezvinodiwa muridzi wefurati zviri nyore: kwete kutsvedza, nyore kuchenesa, eco-hushamwari. Ita zvese izvi hazvisi nyore. Zvikonzero zvikuru zveizvi:

1. Dhizaini dhizaini. Izvo zvinosanganisirwa nepfungwa ye "pasi" chaicho chaicho chidimbu chakabatikana. Inogona kugutsa zvikamu chete zvezvakangoitika zvinodiwa. Asi mazhinji acho anoverengerwa nezvivakwa zvezviri pasi pekucheka.
2. Kukurudzira zvinodiwa nekupisa uye kudzoreredza zvivakwa zvinowedzera, huwandu hwetsva, hadzitsva-refu maitiro, zvishandiso.
3. Kuvhiringidzika muchivhosva. Kune pasi muchivakwa uye kune pasi. Pakati pemapuranga, ivo varipo pamwe chete. Dambudziko riri mukukamura zvikamu zvekuti zvinoti chii.

Snip 2.03.138-88 haigadzirise dambudziko racho, hapana dudziro yezwi rekuti "pasi", asi iwo mashanu ekupedzisira concepts for the constituent zvivakwa hazvina kutsanangurwa zvachose. Munharaunda yemuvaki, mimwe pfungwa dzinoshandiswa: Base, "dema" pasi, chigadziko, cambrete gadziriro, ichicheka, kupisa uye kupisa uye matare ekupisa.

Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kutaurira chiyero chebasa pakugadzirisa brigade. Kunyangwe ivo vachazoderedzwa chete neiyo yakachena dura kana kuisa zvese zviyero uye isa zvinhu zvinotakura.

Zvekuchengetedza pakuvakwa kwejira rekunyorwa pamba kubva pamakumi mashanu kusvika ku95% yeiyo yakazara yebasa rekushanda kwebasa. Semuenzaniso, zviri nyore kuita chigadziko chekongiri chekurongedza kweCeramic, asi zvakanyanya kuoma - pasi pamatanda esimbi nemabhonzo.

Kuti urarame kunzwisisa kwehunhu, yeuka kuti pasi idanho rinosanganisira "kuchenesa" uye "dema" mazinga. Inorara pane iyo nheyo inobereka inotora mutoro. Pakati pemapuranga, zvigadziko zvakadaro zviripo zvinhu.

Chimiro che "dema" mwero unoenderana nezvinodiwa kare, mhando ye "yakachena" yekuvhara, base dhizaini.

Usati wabvumirana nevavaki, sarudza:

• Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti zvigadziriswe zvefurati;
• Sekusvika pakabviswa mukamuri kubva kune yakasimudza shaft;
• Iwe une vavakidzani vane ruzha;
• Zvinhu zvinorema: Ahari hombe, inopisa tub, piyano, moto.

Wobva waita chirongwa chekugadzirisa imba. Zvinonyanya kuomera zvirongwa zvako, zvakanyatsonaka chinofanira kushandurirwa.

Kuvimbika Kwematsigiro Akasiyana

Inodarika yakakamurwa kuita danda, slab uye monolithic. Dhizaini rinoenderana nezvivakwa zvavo.

Danda

Mubanda rinodarika, kutakura zvinhu zvakazara matanda: danda, simbi, yakasimbiswa kongiri.

Matanda emapuranga

Matanda emapuranga anowanikwa muzvivakwa zvekare-zvakakwira. Iwo mapundu ari pakati pematanda akavharwa nehuni yakatetepa. Iyo "dema" deta rinoitwa pamabhamba, ayo anoiswa mhiri kwematanda. Kubva pasi pamatanda, iyo denga pazasi pekugara iripo. Nehurombo, kugadziriswa kwematanda ematanda asina kukanganisa calling yevavakidzani vepazasi hazvigoneke.

Simbi uye yakasimbiswa concrete matanda

Metallic uye yakasimbiswa kongiri yemakona yerudzi rwechiratidzo kana chikamu chekunze chakashandiswa mudzimba dzezvivakwa zveSoviet kusvika makumi maviri ezana ramakore. Iwo masherufu akadzika edombo anogona kuiswa muchimiro chevakasimba plaster kana hold concrete liners, kana precast concrete mahwendefa. "Nhema" Paul mune iyi kesi inogona kuitwa pane simbe kana kuti yakatsemurwa. Uye kubva pakugadzirisa, hazvigoneke kuti utenge mahwendefa ezvekutanga, ivo vanotsiviwa ne monolithic vakasimbisa kongiri slab mukamuri, vakanda panzvimbo penzvimbo pamusoro pematanda. Semabasa omugadziri uye kusimbiswa, dzimwe nguva zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvakakwirira-profiled simbi pepa.

Mudzimba dzekuvakwa kwemakumi masere nemasere, dzinotaurwa neyechinguva chidiki-29, P-3, P-4 44, P-46, P-46 nedzimwe shanduko, coil yakasimbiswa, coil yakasimbiswa plong zvakashandiswa. Ivo vanogona kuve nehupamhi hwe1,2 kusvika 3.6 m, urefu hwakareba kubva ku2,4 kusvika 6.6 mm. Ivo vanogona kugadzira "dema" pasi pamatehwe kana pane zvakadzvanywa. Zvishoma zvinowanzo kusangana akawanda-console mahwendefa ane ukobvu kwe220 mm. Ivo vari muzvikamu zvekare, semuenzaniso, II-68, uye muNew: uye - 155. Ipa zvirinani kurira kwekusimbisa pane mahwendefa akasimba.

Kuyambuka matanda emapuranga: 1 - "pasi" pasi; 2 - Lag; 3 - Kukundikana; 4 - mvura; 5 - Bho; 6 - clay cooting; 7 - duncar; 8 - plaster; 9 - matanda etsiva; 10 - Shiel Shield Panel

Kuwedzeredza kwesimbi matanda ane prefabricated njanji mahwendefa pazasi pematanda: 1 - "Yakachena" pasi; 2 - Boardwalk; 3 - Baya; 4 - Chikwata Chikwata Chikwata; 5 - mvura; 6 - Plaster Grid; 7 - Plaster

Kuwedzeredza pamusoro pematanda esimbi neakasarudzika njanji njanji pamatanda:  1 - "Yakachena" pasi; 2 - Boardwalk; 3 - timu njanji ndiro; 4 - Danda; 5 - mvura; 6 - zvidhina; 7 - Plaster Grid; 8 - Plaster

Kuyambuka kubva kumahwendefa echitima neyechitenderera voids: 1 - pasi mataira; 2 - glue; 3 - ichidururwa nemhinduro; 4 - yakatsva; 5 - R / B inodurura ndiro

Yakanyorova uye yakaoma pasi pasi

"Nhema" matema maererano neyezveshuwa zvekugadzira zvakakamurwa kuita yakanyorova uye yakaoma. Paunenge uchiisa yekutanga, zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kunanwanwa nechikamu chemvura: mvura kana polymer kumiswa kwemvura. Ivo vanoda nguva yekuomesa, kuomesa.

Kune mvura inyoro inosanganisira:

• Yakanyungudika nemvura, yakadai sekongiri, simende-sandy, slag- uye gypsum kongiri, foam kongiri;
• Bulk, uchishandisa polymer inogara seyakagadzirwa chikamu (polyurethane, epoxy, polyester).

Basa guru rezvinyorwa ndiko kururamisa kwehurema: kukundikana, nhanho, kukanganisa, madonhwe anodonha. Uchishandisa yakatsemurwa, iwe unogona kugadzira yakatarwa nzvimbo yemukati kana nhanho pamutanho wezvikamu zvine hukama hwakasiyana. Iyo yakavharwa nePIPS uye waya dzinopfuura pasi pekucheka.

Kukurukurirana kwakasimba, kudzima moto, asi iwe unogona chete kuiisa pane iyo slab base. Iyo huru yekuwedzera - pavari iwe unogona kudhonza marudzi ese ezvipfuyo.

SLIOR ROPA SANGANO:

• kufambisa pokugara;
• timu ine yakaoma tie;
• Inogadziriswa.

Soundproofing yeruzha rwakasiyana

Ruzha runotapurwa kwete chete kuvavakidzani kubva pasi, asiwo mumakamuri ese efurati. Uye kana ruzha mumba pazasi zvichabvumirwa, muvakidzani anogona kukuita kuti ugadzike kugadziridza kwese kudare.

Ruzha rwakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: mhepo (kutaura, mimhanzi, kugunun'una kwemvura) uye madhireni (matanho, mabheji, mabumps, anogogodza mumidziyo yemumba). Kurwa navo munzira dzakawanda.

Kurira kwemhepo

Mhepo ruzha kunonoka kubuda zvinhu. Misa yakakosha pano. Mafungu akanaka haakwanise kuchera zvinhu zvakakura. Kana huwandu hweanopfuura 350 kg / m2 (iyo chiratidzo cheSolid slabs ine gobvu dzinosvika 160 mm), ruzha rwemhepo runotambanudzwa zvakabudirira. Zvikasadaro, mukugadzirwa kwe "dema" dema, zvakafanira kuti ubatanidze dhizaini yehupamhi kubva kune elastic zvinhu.

Ruzha ruzha

Neruzha rwekuchinja, zvakaoma zvakanyanya kubata. Huru huru yemhando pano inobatsirawo, asi inoshanda isingaradzanise mapopiso kubva kuzvinhu zvechiratidzo chechigadzirwa chine madhiri akaonda uye diki yeiyo elasticity. Pano, simba remafungu akasarudzika rinoshandiswa pakuchinjika kwemhepo uye madziro emamiriyoni e microchantels.

Zvivakwa zvemahara zvinoshandiswa mudzimba dzekuvaka kwevasere, matsviro matsva ekusimbisa kwemisimbiso haapi. Naizvozvo, nezvakarerutirava, masisitimu ekare haadzokore, asi gadzira idzva. Zvigadzirwa zvakakosha, nzvimbo yenzvimbo yavo, mharidzo itsva yekubatanidza. Semuenzaniso, zvinowedzera kudzinga kupindirana kwemhirizhonga, asi pasi payo.

Nerubatsiro rweSimbi Studs, Lags inogona kusimudzwa pamusoro peiyo base ye150-200 mm, kuisa cheki yekuongorora kana zvichidikanwa

Nenzira iyi, zvinokwanisika kugadzira nzvimbo isina chinhu yekuisa chero kutaurirana - kubva kumagetsi kune mapaipi uye mhepo madhiri eiyo mhepo yeiyo ventilation system

Uye zvakare, dhizaini inobatsira kuvandudza hunhu hwekupisa hunhu hwekusimbisa, pamwe nekupa kumwe kuwedzerwa kwemhepo uye (kune zvakaderera) kweshamwari yekuvhundutsa - nechinangwa ichi, mumbu, nemvere dzemwedzi

Nyowani Nyowani Instruators:

• "Kuyangarara";
• Yakamiswa kushambidzika ine ruzha insulator;
• Yeiyo mbiri dzakaparadzana dzinobereka.

"Floating" mazinga ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekurwisa ruzha rwekuvhunduka. Pfungwa yekugadzira ndeyekuti iyo solid shell inoiswa pamubhedha wegiredhi uye haina hanya neiyo isina hwaro kana hwamadziro. Ruzha rwacho rwakasimba kwazvo.

Maitiro ekusarudza zvinyorwa zveInsulator:

• Under under under, matsika egirazi anobhejera anoreva nhema pamatanda ebasa, uye madziro ari kukura kusvika padanho re plinth. Kubva pamashiti echipbozha kana mapuranga akaratidzwa, achimanikidza vanamwari vegirazi kumadziro;
• Pasi peiyo kongiri yakatsemurwa, yakakora mats kubva kuBasalt Wool kana Polyethylely slabs, uye pamadziro - mitsetse inobhejera nekobvu nebvu dze20 - 30 mm. Pamusoro pematsi akafukidzwa nefirimu rePolyethylene, ndokumisikidza pamadziro kumusoro, uye wozodurura mhinduro kuti itangezve;
• Panyaya yeCeramics, iyo basalt yakaonda-fiber canvas layer 20 - 30 mm uye cement-jecha tie ine gobvu kwemakumi mashanu emm.

Inzwi Nyowani Insulation Zviratidzo painosimbiswa yakadzvanywa kongiri inodarika nekobvu dze140 mm:

Zvikamu (kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi)	Sarudzo dhizaini
Poshi	2.	3.	ina	shanu	6.
Parquet Bhodhi (18mm) paHM *			. +	. +
Parquet Bhodhi (28mm) paHM.					. +
Parquet chidimbu (17mm) paHM.	. +	. +
Linoleum PVC ine machira base (3mm) pane hm.						. +
Fiberboard plate solid (4mm) pane hm	. +	. +				. +
Plate fiberboard solid (4mm) pa g. **		. +
Plate fiberboard softboard m1 (212mm) paHM	. +	. +	. +	. +
Flooring board (25mm)						. +
Laga Wooden 8040mm, nhanho 400mm					. +	. +
Gasket Kubva kuDVP-M1 (12mm)					. +	. +
Ruberoid, 1 danda riri paG.m. (3mm)		. +		. +
Yakazara gobvu kuti isangane, mm	49.	52.	42.	45.	77.	70.
Survence Misa Yekugadzira, KG / M2	39.	47.	makumi matatu	38.	34.	32.
Air North Insulation Index Columns RW, DB	52.	52.	53.	53.	53.	51.
Index yeiyo yakaratidzwa ruzha rwekuvhunduka pasi pesimbe yeLNW, DB	65.	65.	65.	65.	65.	66.
Zvinyorwa: * H.m. - Cold Mastic; ** G.m.- kupisa mastic

Zvimiro zvePasi Rakasiyana

Pamapundu

Pros:

• Iyo mudziyo weiyo dhizaini pasi pamapepa anoshandiswa kana iwe uchifanira kuchengeta chidimbu chikamu kana bhodhi mumakamuri. Iyo base kubva mumabhawa uye plywood inopindura shanduko mukushisa nekushomeka nenzira imwe chete, iyo inoderedza kusagadzikana kwekugadzira, kuderedza njodzi yekuzvimba, kupatsanurana kwemapuranga nemapuranga;
• Dhizaini inobvumira, pasina kuwedzera kwakakosha mumutoro pahwaro uye nekushandiswa kushoma kwemidziyo, level tsika dzechikamu chinosvika gumi.
• Chigadziko chakadaro chinogona kurongwa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakanyoroveswa, uye zvinotenderwa pakarepo kuisa coating.

Mabhiza:

• Iyo shoma base gogo ndeye 50 mm, uye mufurati neimba 250-65 mm, kurasikirwa kwekureba kwenzvimbo hakuzozviruramisa;
• Dhizaini inotya mvura, uye mune iyo Mafashama, anonyanya kuwadziswa, akaomeswa uye akachinja chikamu chezvinyorwa;
• Chigadziko cheLag chinoonekwa sevakavimbika pane, semuenzaniso, kongiri, kunyangwe zviri nyore kugadzirisa.

Sarudza chambe chammy yekunyepa: zvakanyatsonaka, pasina kuteedzera kuteedzana uye kutsauka kwakazara. Kuremara pamabhawa akadai kazhinji kazhinji, uye zvakadaro mapanga uye marara dzimwe nguva anosangana. Kana ivo vaisimira vasingaverere ivo uye vanoramba zvimwe zvigadzirwa, mukana wakakura zvekuti nekufamba kwenguva pasi richatanga kusimuka. Dzimwe nguva zvinyorwa zvinobva zvaita kunge zvisina kukwana uye zvinotanga zvishoma barred panguva yekuisa maitiro. Hazvibviri kusabvisa mukana wekuda kurwa uye gare gare - semuenzaniso, mushure mekudzima nekupisa.

Kuvimbika kunoenderana neiyo tekinoroji yekuisa. Yekubatanidzwa uye kubatanidzwa kweiyo lag kumapurateti anoshandisa ma node emhando dzakasiyana.

LING uye Dowels akakodzera kana mabhegi achida kusimudzwa pamusoro penzvimbo yehuwandu hwemakumi mana emm. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inonyanya kushanda ndeye mahwendefa eTellolite ekusiyana akasiyana kana maviri epurasitiki emapurasitiki: ivo vanoshungurudzwa uye nerubatsiro rwavo unogona kukurumidza uye nekukurumidza set lags pane imwe nhanho. Iko kunyepedzera kwemvura plywood kwakakodzera, asi hazvina kunyanyo nyore kushanda navo.

Asi matanda emapuranga, kucheka kwepfuti kana kuomarara kweiyo lining haigone kukodzera - vanogona kupenga uye vanodzima, bata kumeso.

Mitemo yekubatanidza mudziyo pamabhata:

1. Usati watanga basa, mapundu ari pakati pemahati anoda kunyatsovhara fibro-simende putty. Kana ichinge ichida, iyo base nzvimbo inodiwa kwazvo kuti ipinwe ne penetrating polymer primer kuti ideredze mukana wekunyorova kwemhepo kubva mukamuri repazasi.
2. Lags uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuvharidzira ivo vanofanirwa kuve vakachengeteka. Nekudaro, saizi uye nhamba yekukwira maburi anodiwa kuderedza.
3. Lagging deflection pasi pemutoro 150 kgf pane iyo saiti pakati pezvitsigiro hazvifanirwe kupfuura 2 mm. Ndokunge, nekuwedzera kwedanho rezvitsigiro (mukudzidzira kazhinji kubva pamakumi masere kusvika ku120 cm), zvinodikanwa kuwedzera uye chikamu cheiyo lag.
4. Kukwirisa uye kubatana node hakufanirwe kushoma kupfuura zvisungo zvavo.
5. Overnight pamajoini emashizha ePlywood anofanirwa kuiswa nevanogomera.

Cork ribbons yakanamatira kuna Lagas

Ita basa re elastic marpitari uye kuendesa kweVibrations kubva kuPlywood Base kuti vasike

Yakakwana zvinyorwa zvechigadziko chakasimba cheLags - Waterproof plywood

Mazhinji ehupfumi - OSP

Mabhonzo anofanirwa kunge akaoma uye arongwa. Humidity haishaye kupfuura gumi nemaviri muzana, kana zvisina kudaro vanodzika. Havana kuunzwa kumadziro ne20-30 mm, kujekeswa kwakazadzwa nemakushe emaminerari. Pane iyo slab iyo midzi inofanira kuve yakavakirwa pane yakazara pasi pasi. Naizvozvo, ivo vanoiswa neiyo chipbozha chakapfava, izvo zvinoshandawo semufemberi.

Kupisa kwese uye kurira kunonzwika kudzoka kwakaoma kudzedzereka kunofanirwa kuverengerwa kupisa magetsi ekusimbisa. Pakati pekuzadza uye huni trim, panofanirwa kunge paine nzvimbo yemahara nekureba kweinenge 20 mm kuti vimbe muti. Iyi nzvimbo haifanire kubatana nemhepo yemhepo mumadziro. Mumakona emakamuri ayo anobatsira kuita zviratidzo, kuvavhara neganda.

Paul nemarara paanovhunduka:  1 - "Bonde" Rakachena "Fush; 2 - vaporilation; 3 - Lag; 4 - Kupisa uye kurira kwekunzwa; 5 - mvura; 6 - Concrete yakacheneswa

Pasi pane zviyero

Izvo hazvigamuchirwi kuenzanisa kongiri slab chigadziko kana chembere chakachekwa, kudururwa simende. Zvishandiso zviviri zvine chakasiyana chinodzikira, saka iyo gravy iri kutarisana uye kupaza. ROVIC Inotevera nePolymer Setar Dory. Asi kutsva kukuru kwakabatanidzwa neiyo simende dorari, asi zvakafanira kuti uzviite kunze kwekupfuura maawa matanhatu mushure mekugadzira yakacheneswa. Kana zvakarongwa kuti uwane chinenge chakanyatso svomhu ne polymer concrete, inoiswa pamusoro pekuvhunduka, nekuti iyo yekupedzisira inodiwa kuti ishandise kongiri inogara yekirasi 15 uye yakakwirira, kana sandy solution m 250.

Pasi nekupisa uye kupisa kwemvura

Nesimba rekupisa, kazhinji rinowanzoitika matambudziko, nekuti mune dzakakudzwa dzimba dzekupisa dzimba dzinopisa, uye zvinhu zvekupisa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyatsochengetwa tembiricha. WaterProofing inodiwa chete munzvimbo dzine mvura: mukicheni, mune yekugezera, mukamuri yekuwachira. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera imba yekugezera kana kicheni, usakanganwa kuronga yakasimbisa mvura. Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika kana uchishandisa zvinhu zvekuvhuvhuta. Ivo vakadhura, asi zvipembenene zvinoda kuparadzwa nekufamba kwenguva. Naizvozvo, munzvimbo dzakakwirira humikurekuro huru, iyo inlet bitumen yekuzviparadzanisa inofanira kuiswa mumatunhu maviri. Iyo yemvura denderedzwa rinofanira kunge riri pamadziro kune kukwirira kwemakumi matatu mm. Usati waisa pane canvas yekongiri kana simende-sand-jecha, iwe unofanirwa kupotsa jecha reCoarse kuti uve nechokwadi chekutangisa uye kushandisa mvura kana kushandisa zvinhu zvakasununguka pane latex base.

Kuvaka madziro matsva uye pasi pane kuparadzwa panguva yekuvharirwa kana mudzimba, yakazvipira pasina kupedzisa, usakanganwa nezve insulting uye inlets. Kuroora kunofanirwa kuitwa "kuyangarara". Zvitsva zvitsva zvinofanirwa kuve zvakavakirwa chete pane zvinopfuura, padyo navo, pamwe nekumwe kusimba kwekuvhara zvigaro uye pamhepo, kuburikidza nemasika ezvinyorwa.

Qualitative urongwa hwehwaro hunokonzerwa nemamiriro emazana emazana emakarati uye tekinoroji nus. Zvese zvinofungidzirwa zvisati zvaitika uye zvakanyorwa papepa zvichakuponesa mari, nguva uye simba renyeredzi.