Chikamu chakakosha cheRussia chinogarwa nenyika dzakadzika neivhu rakawedzerwa mvura, pasi pechirimo chemafuta uye kazhinji chinosekerera. Kune akadaro mamiriro, marudzi akati wandei enhau akagadzirwa. Isu tinokurudzira kuti ndeipi ichave yakakwana mune yega yega nyaya.
Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Paunosarudza revo resimbe, kuumbwa kwevhu, huwandu hwemagariro emvura, zviyero zvekusununguka, misa uye kurongeka kwechivako uye kunyange maitiro ayo oparesheni anotorwa. Pasina kuenda kune tekinoroji yekuvaka tepi, murwi, slab uye yakasanganiswa nheyo, ngatitaure nezveizvozvo zve "maitiro" wavo, mabhenefiti uye zvakashata nezvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira madimikira.
Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Ribbon Nheyo
Iyo yakanyanya nyore hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwekusimuka-kusimuka kumba - tepi. Aive akatongwa, kusanganisira pamasasa emasaini, panguva yegore ra1980-90s.
Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Chirongwa chechishandiso cheiyo yakapusa slab hwaro. Visualization: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Tepi ine musoro-yakateedzerwa yaive yakakurumbira nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera; Panguva imwecheteyo, yakakurudzirwa neimwe nzira yekuvaka, semuenzaniso, tsn mf-97 mo. Kukwirira kwakazara kwetambo kwakadaro hakupfuuri nharaunda).
Pyatno-ribbon hwaro. Visualization: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Nekuda kwekufamba kwemwaka weiyo ivhu, nheyo dzakadai dzakaremara, nekuda kwekuti ndedzipi mabundu ingaonekwa mumadziro eimba. Kunyangwe kusimbiswa kusimbiswa (kanokwana maviri mabhanhire kubva kusimbiswa neyakateyiwa neyakagadziriswa ye10-16 mm) haigaro kubatsira. Dzidzira yakaratidza kuti kuyambuka ribhoni rumbidzo haisi iyo yakanakisa sarudzo yechivako ine block (block-brick) madziro, terraces uye mamwe maitiro uye mamwe maitiro. Zvichakadaro, zvakakodzera kwazvo kune rectangular maererano nehuremu, log uye brusade zvivakwa.
Kuregeredza iyo fomu yekunyorera, inodikanwa kuti uwedzere tangi dzinokwana makumi mana cm. Asi ipapo unogona kunyorera kumadziro emukati uye ekunze kweiyo FoundPoation Watery, iyo inowedzera hupenyu hwebasa. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Iyo Ribbon Nheyo dzeDeptenstream dzakarongeka pachivako chinorema chakavakwa pane urongwa hwenzvimbo yakakwana dense - ivhu kana chidhori chine chidiki che il, pasina kushambira. (Kazhinji, iyo inobatsira boiler-tepi yekuvaka ine mudziyo weimba yepasi kana yepasi, asi yakakodzera chete nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakatariswa mune chinyorwa.)
Kudzika kweiyo primer ye ivhu kunoenderana nemhando yayo uye mamiriro emunharaunda miganhu. Munyika yepakati yeRussia panguva yekucheka uye sublinks, inosiyana kubva ku1.2 kusvika 1.6 m.
Ribbon nheyo dzinogona kunge dziri mbiri monolitiki uye block. Iyo Monolitiki W / B Design inopesana zviri nani kuratidzwa kune iyo inowedzera mauto e frosty poda, kazhinji, uye inogona kuvakwa pasina rubatsiro rwemotokari - zvisinei, nguva yenguva ichawedzera.
Pile-inodhonza hwaro hune huni uye tie. Visualization: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Deredza huwandu hwesworks uye nguva yekuvaka inobvumira tekinoroji yakareruka iyo iyo fomu inovakwa chete kune chikamu chepasi pevhu chete chenheyo, uye pasi pevhu rinodururwa mune imwe nzvimbo yakavezwa yemvura. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukosha kusingadzivisiki, madziro ehurumende yakabatana kwazvo neivhu uye anonyanya kuburitswa nesimba remauto eFrosty. Nekudaro, mutoro wakasikwa nechivako zvinowanzoenderana nazvo.
Kana iyo dense denderedzwa revhu riripo zvakanyanya pazasi pekudzora kwakadzika, tepi inoshanduka kuve isina kuvimbika kana kudhura zvakanyanya.
Imwe nzira yakakurumbira inosanganisira kuiswa kweiyo isina-kuronga mafomu echigadzirwa kubva kune epps-slabs. Iyo fomu yekunyora iri nyore kuisa (yekusimbisa madziro, inoshandawo sechitsigiro chekusimbisa mabhanhire echando.
Iyo fomu yechigadzirwa kubva kune dzakasarudzika nhoo kana mabhodhi anobhadhara zvakachipa kupfuura foam, achifunga nezve nhovo dzinogona kuvezwa, uye tambo - shandisa mune ramangwana, semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekurara. Mufananidzo: IZBA DE LUXE
Zvichangobva kugadzirwa tekinoroji yekuvakwa kwemasikati ezvivakwa-zvivakwa zvakaderera uchishandisa vibratelraer (primer Collector) uye vhara vibrory fomuwork. Iko kukosha kwenzira ndeyekutanga: Kutanga, uchishandisa viligraper, chidimbu ("kubatwa") kwegomba rakanyorova madiki (mamiriro ezvinhu 0.3 × 0.7 × 1.5 m) gobvu -akakwenenzverwa matangi esimbi (fundire block) neine yakakwenenzverwa yakasungirirwa vibration unit. Iwo mabhegi akashongedzerwa nekukanda kiyi, iyo yakarongedzwa chaizvo mumutsara. Tevere, musanganiswa wekongiri wakadururwa mukati mavo uye nekuita, zvishoma nezvishoma kureba tangi uye kurongedza zvidhinha, gadzira tepi yemonolitiki. Iko mukana wenzira iri mukumhanya, pamwe nenyaya yekuti musanganiswa wekonganeti wakanyatsogadziriswa nekubvunda. Zvino zvakashata zvichashandisa tekinoroji ine simba, kutadza kongiri uye kusakwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekusimbiswa uye kuzadza, izvo zvinokanganisa simba re tepi.
Chii chinopa geo-akataura
Pasina data chaiyo pane kuumbwa kwevhu pane iyo saiti haina kukodzera kutanga kuvakwa kunyange imba diki furemu. Mutengo weGeo-ongororo, semuenzaniso, mumatunhu emetropolitan nhasi anosvika zviuru makumi matatu rubles. Nezvezvi huwandu, iyo yakasimba inofanira kudhakwa kanokwana matsime mana mune yakadzika ye3-5 m, tora iyo ivhu samples kubva pakadzika dzakasiyana uye gadzira ongorora kwavo granulmetric. Ruzivo urwu ruchaita kuti zvikwanisike kusarudza mhando yehwaro uye kuverenga dhizaini pane yekubereka kugona. Panyaya yeiyo pile-yekurova-screw-screw nheyo, iyo parmeter inodiwa inogona kujekeswa neyekuyevedza yekuvhara kana kusvetuka madhiri akati wandei.
Zvemhando kana diki (kusvika zana m2), iyo Dacha brused imba inokodzera hwaro kubva pamatanda kubva mukati mechikwata chakasungwa neRandables kubva kuRapelor. Mufananidzo: "Simbi Spark"
Miripi yakadaro inopenya kumeso kana nerubatsiro rwemakororo yemagetsi ekuisa magetsi. Ivo vakakodzera kwazvo kuvaka pamakomo. Mufananidzo: "Dublom"
Iyo mudziyo weiyo Armokarkas Slab nheyo dzinoenderana nemitoro yakatarwa. Semutemo, nzvimbo huru inoda kusimbisa grille maviri-maviri. Mufananidzo: "ImIP"
Asi mune nyaya yezvivakwa zvidiki zvemapapu, kusimbiswa kwega kwega. Mufananidzo: "Techborton"
Iyo grille inosimudzwa pane iyo inomira kuitira kuti iri mune ukobvu hwekongiri yekongiri. Mufananidzo: Heiz.
Pile Fundam
Nheyo dzemagetsi dzisingabatanidzwi nechando nekukweva kwechando, asi kuve nekudzikisira kugona kwekutsigira (kana kuti pane, dzimwe nguva kunemutengo wakakura). Ivo vanokodzera pakuvakwa pamawere uye nzvimbo dzemafashama uye nzvimbo yakavimbika kana iyo yepamusoro yejenji, asi pasi payo, pakadzika isina 2-5 m, Dense matombo anowanikwa pane iyo murwi- racks inogona kuvhurwa. Pamhepo inopisa dzimwe nguva kushandisa mauto akarembera, kugona kutakura kunopihwa nemauto ekupokana pakati pemativi emativi uye ivhu risina kunaka zvakadaro, slab zvakaringana, izvo zvichakurukurwa pazasi.
Plecete Ples inogona kushongedzwa nemapuratifomu ekutsigira ekukwira huni hwekutambisa huni, kunyangwe iyo yakasimbiswa concrete huni inoitwa kazhinji. Mufananidzo: "Swaistrogrupp"
Nhanho inodikanwa nehurefu uye chikamu chemuchinjiko chemapipi anotemwa nekuverenga zvinoenderana neSP 24.13330.2011.
Kurova uye kusveta mota dzakaremerwa dzakagadzirwa pakafeva. Simba, dzinopfuura dzakasimbisa zvigadzirwa zvekongiri, dzakagadzirwa panzvimbo (kusanganisira nekushandiswa kwekutambisa zvishandiso). Zvakanakira zvekurovera (vibrating-yakatakura-yakatakura) zvakare mune chokwadi chekuti maPares anoiswa mukuisa, kuitira kuti simba ravo rekutakura rinowedzera. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kuti upe rwendo kuenda kuhurongwa hwemuchina kana autocran nekuisa vibration kuisirwa. Mari yekugadzira iyo yakakwira kwazvo: imwe neimwe mama yakareba, ichitora kuisirwa kuisirwa kuchaita zviuru gumi nezvinomwe zvine zviuru zvendudzi.
Kudhirowa marunda kuchabhadhara 30-40% yakachipa uye yakakwana yakakodzera imba isina kana inorema (brusers, log, kubva pheamu kongiri, polystyrene uye arbular blocks). Kuti uvake hwaro hwakadai, hapana injini yemotokari inodiwa - yakaringana kuti ibhadharire chinyunzina inofinha uye concrete musanganiswa. Iko kusarudzika kwehunyanzvi ndekwekuti muvhu maburi ane dhivha ye150-250 mm, akakuvara nemvura, uye akadurura kongiri uye akadurura kongiri uye akaiswa pamwe neyakajeka vibration mudziyo . Kana iyo ivhu ivhu kana saizi, asbestos-simende clement haina kuiswa mumakomba.
Mumahara, achirovera uye screw mapepa anovhurwa neavhareji ye1.0-1.8 m. Photo: Izba de Luxe
Paunenge uchiisa madhiri ekukwevera, kutsiva kusimbiswa, ndiko kuti kuchinjisa kune waya kana weld neyekugadzira huni
Iyo yepamusoro yeiyo murwi inosanganiswa neye monolithic frame
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mauto e frosty ane poweredhi anogona kuita pachikamu ichi chehwaro. Kuti vazvidzivirire, vakamiswa matanda emapuranga mune iyo fomuwork pamabhureki kana kushandisa iyo inobvisa sandy suby submet. Asi kana imba iri panzvimbo yakatsvedza, jecha kubva kune iyo nzvimbo pakati pegonhe haigone kubviswa. Mune ino kesi, chidimbu chacho chinenge chisina kunyoroveswa uye hazvinei nemabhatani anotambudza
Paunenge uchishandisa tees-f ine hinged plow inogona kunge yakagadzirirwa chikamu chezasi yemapepa anokura, ayo anozowedzera kugona kutakura kwechimiro uye panguva imwe chete kubvisa mikana yekubvisa chando.
Screw piles. Iyo ndiyo yakachipa yenharo yemapepa (imwe rutsigiro ine dhayamu ye200 mm uye kureba kwe2,5 m, kuenderana nekuiswa kwemari 2600-3 cures kana uchishandisa zvakajairika zvigadzirwa zvisina kujairika hazvipfuure makumi mashanu makore. Yakanyanya Kuvimbika (asi zvakare imwe nehafu kana kaviri kana kaviri zvinodhura) zvigadzirwa zvine matipi ekukanda. Yakanyanya kusimbiswa yakanyorwa kongiri screw piles, asi ichi chigadzirwa chazvino hachisati chabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kukuru.
Iyo jecha-Gravel Cushion pasi pebhandi renji inodzora chando poda mauto chete pamberi pekudonha kwakadzika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inoshanda kuwirirana uye kuwedzera iyo inobereka base kugona.
Slab nheyo
Iyo Slab nheyo ine yakakosha paunyanzvi yekubereka kugona uye inopa iyo yunifomu yunifomu yemutoro kubva muchivako. Iyi ndiyo nheyo inowanzo kuve yakakwana pane ivhu rakashata dzevacheche uye rinogona kudiwa, kusanganisira guruva uye kana jecha jecha, discices uye peatlands. Uye zvakare, dhizaini inoita kuti zviisarure zvakanyanya kuiswa kweiyo yekutanga pasi kuwanda (hazvidikanwe kuvaka nhare dzekutsigira matanda kana kuronga basa rechando rakatsvuka). Asi mutengo wayo wakakwirira kwazvo - kazhinji kazhinji kupfuura iwo weiyo pile-yekukanganisa nheyo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwakadzama kwezvinhu (Sandbrany, kongiri, neSweden vhezheni - zvinyoro-nyoro-chiratidzo chekudaira fekitori concrete musanganiswa.
Carme ndiro. Mufananidzo: Stonehut (3)
Pamhedzisiro pombi yekuva nerubatsiro rwezvipfeko zvinogadzirisa mapepa ekunze ekupisa. Typics inowanzoiswa nekaviri Coil, asi kubva pane iyo maonero ekuona kwekunyaradza kwekunyaradza kunokwanisika kuganhurira sosi
Iyo sisitimu inozoedzwa pakumanikidzwa mumatanho maviri, mushure meizvozvo musanganiswa wekongiri unodururwa
Iyo yakasimba slab nheyo inoshandiswa kune zvivakwa zvinorema nemadziro ezvidhinha. Dhizaini yacho yakatsiga uye yakatsiga monolithic yakasimbiswa kongiri, yakasaswa mufomu pamusoro peiyo pilo kubva pescogram. Zviri nyore uye zvakavimbika, asi zvinoda kusimbiswa kwakawanda uye kongiri (2-3 nguva kupfuura nheyo yakakwana yebhandi, uye ka7-6 kakawanda kupfuura murwi). Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mutoro unobva pamadziro uye mauto epfuti anotarisa zvakanyanya pamucheto weplate, uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kupaza kweMonolith, zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwaro kusvika pamakumi maviri emamm uye zvimwe.
Kudziya kweiyo base nemahwendefa ezvextriyn polystyrene foam "ichiseka" tepi uchishandisa nzira dzekudhiraivha - nzira dzekurwisa frosty. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Izvo zvakajairwa (zvakanyorwa) slab nheyo ndeimwe yemhinduro dzakanakisa dzekuvakwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinorema kana chivakwa chevhu pane chivharo chevhu zvisina kusungwa.
Zvimwe zvimamwe zvinyorwa zvemuoni (asi yakawanda nguva yebasa) ongororo. Rybra inogona kurongwa zviri zviviri pazasi (nekuzadza makomba) uye kubva kumusoro (uchishandisa fomu). Kubva pane maonero ekuona kwesimba, sarudzo yekutanga inokodzera, asi yechipiri yakachipa, sezvo iyo yekumusoro ribbery panguva imwe chete shandisa pasi uye rutsigiro rwepasi pevhu rekutanga.
Tipe yakakangwa zvakanaka inoreva nzvimbo dzinoyerera: Pasi pesimba rechircheti hwepfuti hupfu hunomutswa kana ivhu riri kusununguka uye rinoderedzwa kana zvadzikira. Asi mauto aya anowanzo kuiswa zvisina kufanira (kunyanya nekuda kwemusiyano mukutsamwa uye tembiricha yevhu kubva kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweimba). Nekuda kweizvozvo, dzimwe nguva kupenya kwejongwe kunoitika. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Plata iri pedyo, sedanda rekubereka, rinoreva tepi inoyerera uye inogona kuita mafambiro emwaka (kunyanya kana imba yacho isina kupiswa munguva yechando), iyo inofanira kuitiswa kana ichivaka zvinhu.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kukunda frosty poda mauto nekuwedzera kudzika kwehwaro, kuve nechirongwa kana kuchengetedza pasi kubva kune chando. Iyo nzira yekupedzisira ndiyo iri nyore uye yakachipa zvakanyanya.
Mukuita kwekuisa chitofu cheSweden, iyo majoini emisimboti kuvhara iyo glue-foam. Kana iyo cushion chishandiso, matura akapatsanurwa ne geotextiles, ayo anopa kune imwe yunifomu yekugovera mutoro pachigadziko. Mufananidzo: Tehtonol
Iyo yakasimbisa sweden ndiro inodzivirira iyo nzvimbo yekuvhara kubva kune iyo yakasununguka, saka haina kuita pazviri mauto e frosty poda. Asi mukuomarara, kuvakwa kwakaderera kune vakajairwa monolitiki uye kunyanya kushandiswa mukuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvine chimiro kana foam volis volis. Nheyo dzerudzi urwu, semutemo, inoshanda seye dema pasi uye yakashongedzerwa nehurongwa hwemvura hunoshandiswa kupisa chivakwa chose. Uye sezvo ndiro yacho ine yakanyanya kuwanda inertilia, saka mumba zvinova nyore kuchengetedza tembiricha inogara ichipedzisira - zvese munguva yechando uye zhizha. Zvichida zvoga zvoga dhizaini chikamu chakaderera. Kukunda iyi minus inobatsira jecha-kubereka.
Iyo base yeRibbon kana pile-yakagadziriswa nheyo yakaparadzaniswa kubva pamasvingo ane yakatemwa mvura pane mastic. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Iyo yakasarudzika nheyo inoshatiswa ndeye imba iyo inogara ichirarama. Zvekupa magehari mamwechete, marunda kana kuyerera ribhoni zviri nani
Yakasimbiswa concrete nheyo
Iko kugadzirwa kwe chero nzvimbo yakasimbiswa kongiri pane dambudziko ivhu nzvimbo dzakawedzera zvinodiwa zveContrete mhando. Zvinokurudzirwa kuwana musanganiswa wakagadzirira-wakasarudzika pane bhizinesi rakaratidzwa. Nekugadzirira kwakazvimirira, musanganiswa unofanirwa kusanganiswa zvakakwana, uye saka, pasina mini-concise musanganiswa hazvidikanwe. Izvo zvinodikanwawo kutenga jecha rakashambidzwa, sezvo kusanganisa kwevhu kwakasviba kongiri, uye shandisa kuchitonhora kweiyo yepakati chidimbu (20-40 mm), uye kwete river Gravel. Seams yekushanda zvisingaiti zvakanyanya zvisina kufanira (mune nyaya yeplate - hazvigamuchirwi), uye kana vasingakwanisi kudzivirirwa, nekuwedzera kusimbiswa kwechikamu chisina kusvibiswa chetsvimbo nehurefu hwemasikati.
Dzimwe nguva upamhi hwembambo kana chimiro chinofanira kuwedzerwa kuti ugadzire rutsigiro rwekusimbisa uye kupedzisa materu emadziro. Mufananidzo: StoneHut.
Hybrid sarudzo dzehunhaka
Chishuwo chekubatanidza zvakanakira mhando dzakasiyana dzenheyo dzakatungamira mukubuda kwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa.
- Pile-Belt Foundation Iko kusanganiswa kwematepi akanaka-akabatanidzwa uye kuchera madhiri kana madhiri akafukidzwa. Iko kutakura huwandu hwenheyo yakadaro inonyanya kupihwa neRibbon, uye marita anodzivirira achiburitsa. Asi kana ivhu risati rasununguka, dhizaini iri kuwedzera kutakura (kunyanya kana iyo tepi iri pfupi-yakagara) - Ndosaka zvisingafanire kushandisa mapepa aunogona kuuya. Nheyo dzakadai dzakabatanidzwa chaizvo neyakajeka maererano nezvivakwa zvidiki-zvidiki-zvidhinha.
- Pile-Slab Nheyo Izvo zvinoshamisa kwazvo, asi zvichiri kunyorera muimba yakazvimiririra-chivakwa mukuvaka dzimba dzezvidhinha munzvimbo yakakura. Iyo inzvimbo yemurwi (marunda anowanikwa aine gomba re1,5
- Pile-Drilling Nheyo Neshanduro yehuni uye tie - imwe nzira yakanaka kune ndiro yeSweden, ichipa imwe mari yakakwirira base, uye saka, kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kwemasvingo kubva pakunyorova kubva pakunyorova kubva pakunyorova kubva pakunyorova kubva pakunyorova kubva mukunyorova kubva pakunyorova. Chakavharwa nekobvu dzegore 100-150 mm neyakajairwa imwe-yekudzoserwa inoitwa pane huni uye nekunyatsotambidzwa sandy submet. Panguva imwecheteyo, chigadziko chakakomberedzwa kunze kweEpps mahwendefa kuti uderedze mikana yevhu inosunungura pasi pesimbiro.
