Isu tinoudza nzira yekuvaka nekushongedza pasi pasi nhanho nhanho nhanho.
Mufananidzo: Stone House
Mbranes yemazuva ano yakagadzirwa neyakakwirira-densety polyethyle ine simba rakakwana uye kuramba kune hunhu hweMakemikari, kukanganisa mold fungi uye mabhakitiriya, pamwe nekukuvara kwekudyara midzi. Mufananidzo: "Teknsonikol"
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuvaka, chingwa chakavhurika pasi, chakavhurika muvhu kuti zvisati zvapfuura kuti zvive zvekureba, asi kazhinji izwi iri riripo kune chero pasi pevhu nepasi pevhu nepamusoro pepasi. Ita shuwa nyaradzo pano zviri nyore kupfuura mukamuri yepasi, uko mafungiro makuru ari ekunyepedzera uye kuti arege kuita pasina kumanikidzwa. Uye zvakadaro, iyo inotonhorera yekugara makamuri akaiswa mu "Base" dambudziko - izvi zvinokanganiswa nekushaikwa kwezuva uye zvakaderera ceilings (kazhinji hazvisi zvinopfuura 2.4 m). Asi pano iwe unogona kuisa zvinongedzo makamuri ese ekushandisa, nekudaro uchengetedze nzvimbo panzvimbo yacho uye kudzivisa kushandiswa kwekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvekuwedzera uye zvakabatanidzwa. Chikamu chehupfumi chinonyanya kutora nzvimbo yeiyo nhanho - zvinokurudzirwa kuti uwedzere kunzvimbo yekuvaraidza inosanganisira, semuenzaniso, kubva kuimba yekurovedza uye sauna nekugeza. Nekudaro, chimiro che "base" uye gadziriro yezvivakwa zviripo pane nyaya yekukurukurirana kukuru kukuru, uye mune ino chinyorwa isu tichakurukura zvikamu zvine chekuita nekuvhara zvivakwa.
Pamasumbu emasaini pane iyo yepasi uye chigadziko, yekutanga isiri-yekugara (yehupfumi) pasi nekongiri pachiyero chechiitiko uye tracks dzimwe nguva zvinotora. Izvo hazvidi kushanda-zvakasimba basa pakuchera kweiyo ivhu, madziro emvura uye kuiswa kweiyo dringy system.
Kuvakwa kwepasi kweshekisi kunongogara kuri kuzviruramisa pachinhu chakaoma nzvimbo, kunyanya nekushomeka kwenzvimbo yekuvakwa uye / kana chivakwa chakagadzirwa nemadziro anorema ayo anoda ndiro isina bhurukwa (Reflux) nheyo. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Iyo yekusimbisa chimiro cheBase Plate yakaiswa pamusoro pekongiri yakatsvuka, pasi pepo kune iyo denderedzwa rekutakura mvura. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanosiya kuburitswa kwe "kutungamira" kwemadziro nemakoramu ekutsigira. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Madziro emadziro epasi anogona kuvakwa kubva ku monolithic kongiri. Mufananidzo: "Kexholm Stroy"
Kana huwandu hwemabhuruku. Iyo monolithic ribbon yakasimba uye yakasimba, asi ichadhura zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kudiwa pamhando yebasa. Mufananidzo: "ARS22"
Deredza mutengo wekudziya uchabatsira kusimbisa kwekunze kweshoko reEpps mashitsi. Mufananidzo: Penepelex
Iyo base yepasi pasi pane chimiro chehunhu hwedenderedzwa, pombi inodziya kana yemadziro, uye madziro ayo anofanirwa kubva pamasendimita ekusunungura / deflosting (semuenzaniso, kongiri kana polystyrene blocks) , kana kuchengetedza iyo yakanyorova-inodzivirira yakatarisana. Iko kukanganisa kweiyo yakadaro yekuzvipira uye kuronga mhinduro isinganyatso kuwana huwandu hwekugara uye "kupatsanurana" kwenzvimbo yemumiriri weimba kubva kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza.
Kuisa chisimbiso "Cold Sew" panguva dzega dzehunhu
1 - chikamu chepasi pevhu chemadziro emadziro epasi (monolithic akasimbisa kongiri kongiri); 2 - pasi peimba yepasi (yakasimbiswa yakasimbiswa yegirava plug); 3 - kusimbisa tepi delta kutsikisa chipinganidzo (musanganiswa wefelwethylene uye nonwoven polyer); 4 - yega yehwaro. Mufananidzo: Dörken.
Rudzii rwevhu iri nani kumisa chigadziko
Kana iwe ukashandisa matekinoroji emazuva ano, saka imba ine pasi pasi inogona kukwiridzirwa mune chero nzvimbo uye anenge chero ivhu, asi iyi mhinduro haigone kubhadhara-nguva dzose. Izvo zvinokwanisika kutanga kuverenga uye kuita sarudzo inogona chete mushure mekunge Geo inotaurwa.
Kusimbisa majoini pakati pezvitofu uye zvidhinha, mhinduro yakagadziridzwa inogona kushandiswa kana yakakosha isina kujeka polyurethane glue. Mufananidzo: ytong.
"Kubatana" mukuvakwa kwesimba repasi rakakwira (risingasviki 2 m kubva pamusoro) pasi pevhu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakanyanyisa kuoma kuita basa rekutyaira kunze kwechivanhu chikamu chepasi pevhenekeri yepasi pechivako, mukuratidzira kwemvura uye nekudzvanya kwakawanda kweiyo yakasungira ivhu rakanyorovera kwazvo kuderedza mvura, uye kunyorova kunotanga kupinda mukati nepasi nemadziro.
Zvakare, chipinganidzo chakakomba chichava cheshuwa chemberi chesimba pasi penheyo. Mune ino kesi, kuwedzera kusimbisa kweiyo base nekuvhara murwi, uye izvi zvichawedzera mutengo wekuvaka.
Chekupedzisira, zvakaoma zvakanyanya kuvaka pasi pepasi pevhu rine mabwe: kuparadzwa kwedombo, kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwazvino, nguva yakawanda ichidya.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akasara, chingwa chepasi chinogona kunge chakaipa chaizvo, kunyangwe, zvirokwazvo, hazvibviri kutenda mafemu anovimbisa kuvaka mutengo wetsiva remubhokisi. Sokunge, zvisinei, uye zvirevo zvekuti pasi pevhu ravanhu zvichave zvakapetwa kaviri. Kuverenga kwakadaro, kunyanya kana mari yekushanda yekuvhiya ichingofunga, inoda nzira yehunyanzvi uye inofanira kuitwa wega pachirongwa chimwe nechimwe.
Iyo inlet uye inotanga kupinza mvura haidi kuchengetedza zvivakwa kubva pakukwira, asi zvakare kuti udzivirirwe pamusoro pekushomeka kweiyo nzvimbo yekusimbisa kweiyo kongiri. Mufananidzo: Penetron
Kuvakwa kwepasi pasi
Iyo yepasi yepasi yakaiswa mukati memapango-bhandi nheyo, iko kuvakwa kweizvozvo hakudi kungotaura chete geo-inotaurwa neGeo, asiwo hombe-pasi pano nebasa rekongiri.Dhizaini yeiyo mudziyo pasi pevhu chikamu chesimba
1- Nheyo; 2 - mvura yemvura yemvura, glued ine denderedzwa re butumary polymer mastic; 3 - Infermal insulation (epps mashitsi); 4 - hydropotonka (elastic dziviriro pamusoro peiyo crystal seam); 5 - gravel rack; 6 - Kugadzirira kongiri ("inotapira"); 7 - chirimwa chinodonha; 8 - Wailed dhiroa (purogiramu membrane); 9 - Filter layer (geotextile); 10 - Mafashama. Mufananidzo: "Teknsonikol"
Kuvandudza catlovana
Panguva ino, hazvigoneke kuita pasina chinorwadza, asi chekupedzisira 20-30 cm dumps manually. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti nheyo yakavimbiswa kuzorora pane ivhu deti, zvikasadaro zvichapa shringer, semhedzisiro yekupisa kwekunze uye mvura yematare yemuteya inogona kutambura (ndiko kuti, chikamu chepasi pevhu chepasi pevhu madziro).Iyo yepasi inowanzove yakakodzera pamawere idzo huwandu hwevanhu vepasi pasi zvidiki, uye huwandu hwenyungudika uye mvura yemvura inobviswa nemvura yekunaya.
Kugadzirira kweiyo chigadziko cheiyo huwandu hwenheyo
Pasi pegomba pilo iri pilo kubva kune yakakura rubble ine gobvu kweinenge makumi maviri cm, iyo inoita basa rekutenderera uye dhizaini yekudonha. Mukati meiyo pilo, ine gomba re1,5 m, iyo pombi yemapipi-mipiro yemapipi yakavezwa mu geotextile, iyo inobva yabatanidzwa nehwamanda dzesangano rinoshandiswa plantar. (Pasi pevhu vanogara vachityisidzira mafashama ane mvura yakasimba uye mafashama, saka kunyange neyakaderera nzvimbo yepasi pevhu, hazvigone kuregera chishandiso mune yakadzika drainage system.)
Tsika yacho yakanyatso gadzira, uye wozoita "kutsvaira" (yakadururwa yakaiswa kiyi yepasi kongiri) ine mitezo miviri yemvura yakadzvanywa. Muenzaniso, "kuwedzera" kana kugurana kumira) nekumanikidza sizzing kana welding majoini.
Tevere, iyo yekuwedzera inodzivirira, gasket uye tipe mvura marita, izvo zvinogona kubva kune imwe (sand-simende yakatsemuka) kusvika mashanu.
Kuzadza Plate Nheyo
Iko ukobvu hwenheyo ravimbi, zvichienderana nemitoro yakatarwa, inobva 250 kusvika 500 mm. Iyo inovandudzwa nehuremu hwesimbi rakarukwa kubva kusimbiswa bara neyakajairwa yegumi nemaviri mm; Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakadzika mwero wekusimbisa inofanira kuiswa pane epurasitiki kure zvinotsigirwa, senge single single.Quicitively Dururira Monolitiki Boiler-Belt Fence
Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzepasi pasi
Iyi nhanho inoenderera mushure mekunge chitofu chinodonha chinenge makumi manomwe muzana chesimba, ndiko kuti, mazuva 7-30 gare gare (zvinoenderana nemhepo tembiricha). Saka, iyo inonzi inotonhora Seam inogara iripo pakati pemadziro uye chitofu. Iyo yakaiswa chisimbiso munzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi imwe yeinoshanda zvakanyanya ndeye gasket yerabha yerabha kana yakanyanya elastic membrane uye kunyatsobuda kwemvura ekunze.
Kuisirwa kwezvinhu zvikuru zvinoitwa nerubatsiro rwekusimudza tekinoroji, asi vazhinji mashandiro anoitwa nemaoko achishandisa lever fixtures. Mufananidzo: ytong.
Masvingo eSisment anowedzera kubva pakakwirira kubva pakakwirira-mhando monolithic yakasimbiswa kongiri, yakasungirirwa chimiro chavo chemafuta nehuremu (nekuda kweizvi, iyo yekupedzisira yakagadzirwa neinokunze isingasviki 0.7 m). Kukora kwakakwana kweiyo tepi yekupedza ndeye 250-300 mm.
Dzimwe nguva madziro akaiswa kunze kwemabhuruku madonhwe, zvisinei, dhizaini yakadaro ndeyekunyanyisa kuvhurwa uye kunoda kunyatsoita mvura. Zvisingafadzi zvidimbu zvinobvunzwa gare gare - kubva kuzvitunha, zvidhinha kana chimiro chehunyanzvi.
Kunyangwe kana nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi dziri panzvimbo ye zero zero, inofanira kupiswa. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Kujairika zvikanganiso mukuvakwa kwevhu repasi
- Kufunga nezve mudziyo wepasi pazasi mushure mekuvaka kwebhandi renji (pasina base slab). Kuzvidzivirira kusimbisa pasi pasi pamwe nemadziro nenzira iyi yekuvaka inonyanya kuoma.
- Kuramba kweReservoir uye yakashandiswa kudhirowa munzvimbo dzine zvakawanda zvakanyanyisa uye mafashama mazhinji. Kufumurwa kwenguva refu kumvura uye ice kunotungamira kukuvadza kune iyo mvura proyer.
- Kuvakwa kwemadziro emadziro ezvinyorwa zvidhinha pamatambudziko anofambiswa uye makomo. Iko kugona kwekushambadzira kuvhara pasi pekumanikidzwa kwevhu uye kukanganisa kwekusimba kwemadziro makuru.
- Low mhando concrete inoshanda - zvikanganiso kana zvisizvo zvinotariswa zvakaringana, kumbomira kwenguva yakareba kwazvo mukubvumirana, kurara pasina kongiri.
Andrei Zubtsov
Kutungamira Technical Nyanzvi "Teknonikorol"
Basa rekupedzisira panguva yekuvakwa kweiyo base
WaterProofing uye Wall Simbiso
Semutemo, wekudzivirira kubva pakunyorova pamadziro, rimwe chete kana maviri ematare egirazi rinotonhorera zvezvinhu zvakaumbwa pane bitumen (Bitumen-polymen) nheyo, "Techlast Terra" kana "Technonikol") akavezwa kana kuiswa. Imwe sarudzo ndeyekushandisa kwekupinda (capillary) cement-polymer yekuumbwa, kutaura kweiyo hydroniti-b, asi haina kukodzera kuti zvimisikidzwa zvinobuda (microcracks muzvimisikidzwa zvinounza kutyisidzira kwemadziro). Refractory yemvura inotsemesa zvakare inoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekudzivirira kwayo kubva mukukuvara kweiyo yakamanikidzwa kana denderedzwa rekupisa.
Kupisa insulation iyo yepasi pamwe nemashiti eyekuwedzera polystyrene foam (epps). Izvi zvinyorwa zvine yakaderera mvura yekunyura uye kunyange muvhu ichachengeta zvivakwa zvaro zvinosvika makumi matatu emakore. Pane chikamu chepasi pevhu chenheyo, epps mashitsi akagadziriswa nePolymer-bitumen mastic, uye pamusoro - mastic uye mapurasitiki emapurasitiki.
Mufananidzo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Drainage Chishandiso
Tangi pamwe chete nemadziro, sechiputo, kurara nejecha rakarerekera kana sandbreene, asi pre-pedza kuiswa kweiyo dhizaini yeiyo nheyo uye isa madhiragi mumakona, ayo mvura ichadzimwa mumubhadharo mushe. Nekudaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti pane ivhu revhu zviri nani kuita panzvimbo yemvura yakadzika madhiri munzvimbo iyi, yakarongedzwa nemadziro ivhu kumadziro pamadziro. Kudiwa kwemvura kubva pachigadziko chenheyo kuchengetedzwa.
Iyo profiled Drainage merinage yemvura inopa mvura pamwe chete nemadziro emavambo kuenda kuPlintar drains, nekudaro achizorodza iyo hydrostatic kumanikidza pakuvakwa kwepasi pevhenekeji. Mufananidzo: Tegola.
Kuisirwa kwekunyanyisa
Sarudzo yakajairika yekunyanyisa yekunyanyisa pasi pakatarisana nedombo rekongiri kubva pane fekitori yekugadzira zvinhu. Nguva pfupi yadarika, mahwendefa ezvematanda ehope anowanzotsiviwa nezvigadzirwa zvechiedza zvine simba neine simba rakaringana neakanakisa yekudzivirira insulation. Kupfuura matanda emapuranga kunonyanya kusimba uye kungave kwakafadzwa ".
Neunganidzwa uye monolitiki tekinoroji, zviri nyore kuvaka kuwanda nekuvhurwa kwenzvimbo chero uye fomu. Mufananidzo: "Marco"
Dhizaini yeiyo mudziyo wekuunganidza-monolithic overlap
1-yebhandi kongiri; 2 - Simbi chimiro chinodarika danda; 3 - block liner kubva kuimba yeCellular congrete; 4 - kusimbiswa grid; 5 - SIMEMEN-SEAS SUTI ine gobvu dzemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu; 6 - chinhu cheInternation (chidziviriro kubva mukusunungurwa nechikamu chakaonda chemadziro). Mufananidzo: "Marco"
Pedza socle
Mashiti akasimba eEpps base anogona kuiswa pane grid uye inocheka nekiriniki kana dombo rekunyepedzera rine hombe risingapfuuri makumi mashanu emadhora / m2. Kana kubatanidza kune madziro ekongiri kuburikidza neInsulation chimiro chealuminium profiles uye kusonera chigadziko ne polypropylene kana fibro-coment base base mapanera. Wokupedzisira asi akaderera pamatiles mukushongedza, asi kushoma kudiwa pamhando yebasa rebasa uye kuchadhura imwe nehafu kana kaviri zvakachipa.Pasi pevhu yokupaka
Garage inodziya pasi pasi pepasi - kurota kwevazhinji varidzi varidzi vemba. Nekudaro, zvakakodzera kuziva matambudziko anoenderana nekuvhiya kwaro pamberi. Iyo huru yavo inonaya uye mvura tilwed yemvura inoyerera pasi chando, pamwe nechando uye nekuyangarara, kudzivirira kusimuka uye kudzikisira. Iyo sisitimu yemuchina yakabatana neshamwari ine shamwari yemuchina nzira inozobatsira kugadzirisa, imwe yerimwe inokwana kupinda kumberi kwegedhi, uye zororo - pakati pekamuri kana nemadziro, zvichienderana hwaro hwepasi. Iyo sisitimu inosanganisira yekukwana huwandu umo iyo otomatiki yekudhiraji pombi yakaiswa, kupomba mvura mudutu remhepo, nzira yemugwagwa, kana zororo rekutsika.
Kuti uchengetedze zvakajairika mhepo humbozha mune base garandi, iyo yekumanikidzwa inodiwa inodikanwa kana yekupa chiteshi-inomuka system. Makomba ekupedza anowanikwa ari pedyo nepasi, sezvo ari pano kuti mhepo yakasviba uye inotonhora inounganidza. Panguva 1 m2 yeguva regarage, anenge mashanu cm2 yenzvimbo yenzvimbo yekubvisa nzira inodiwa. Uye haufanirwe kuregera iyo inochinja-chinja inobatanidza yakabatana neyenzi pombi panguva yeinjini kudziya kumusoro.
Kurwa nechando kwakapetwa uye pahuma pane romp kuchabatsira iyo yemagetsi yekudziya system yakavakirwa pane yakaiswa mukongiri kana kuisirwa makabati ekupisa. Asi neine yakasimba chando uye chando chando, iyo ramp inofanirwa kucheneswa nekusa suswa nemumiriri antigoc. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Izvo zvinodikanwa kudziya pasi pevhu, nekuti kuramba kwekushisa kwekushisa kwemasisita ayo kongiri haina kupfuura 0.6 m² • ° C / W. Kudziya neEpps mahwendefa e10 mm anowedzera kukosha uku kusvika 3.4 m² • ° C / W, iyo inotora zvishoma zvinodiwa pakuvaka madziro mumadziro eRussia. Iyo insulting inofanira kukwira kubva kunze, pamusoro pekutora kwemvura kuitira kuti iyo yekupedzisira ichidzivirirwa kubva mukukuvara kwemubatanidzwa panguva yekuzvimba kwacho, kuderera kwayo uye chando chakakotama. Kana ichisimbisa kubva mukati mezvivakwa, mvura yemvura inofanira kunge iri kuenderera mberi nekuvhara kwepepa rebepa (semuenzaniso, asbestos-coment-clates) kana purogiramu membranes yakagadzirwa neakakwirira density polyethyle. Nenzira, sarudzo yekupedzisira inowedzera kushanda kweiyo inoshandiswa kudhirowa.
ILya krarukhin
Dhizaini Injiniya yeDSC Zhizha-Stroy