"Green" simba resimba dziri kuwana kuwedzerwa kwakakurumbira. Isu tinokuudza kuti zviri nani kusarudza imba yakazvimiririra - solar mapanera kana mhepo majenji, uye tsanangura iyo nuances yekuisa kwavo.
Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Solar mapanera uye mhepo majenji aive mukugoverwa kukuru kweimwe nzvimbo dzemagetsi. Ose maviri matekinoroji akagadziridzwa zvakanaka, mitengo yemidziyo inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zvino, semuenzaniso, mamope e200 worlar anogona kutengwa kwezana ramakore gumi nemashanu.
Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Rudzii rwesosi sosi?
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeSilicon Solar mapanera. Musiyano une imwe-crystal module (iyo ndege yemanyorero yakagadzirwa neyekupedzisira silicon crystal). Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Kutanga, sarudza pane huwandu hwemagetsi aunoda. Iwe uchavaka here simba rekupa simba pamba pamusha zvachose pane solar kana mhepo simba kana shandisa iyo seyekurumidzira magetsi ekupa system? Mushure mezvose, mitambo yematimu yakasiyana kwazvo. Kuti uwane emergency system (ine simba rekubuda kwegore re200-500 W), rimwe chete kune maviri solar module uye mamwe midziyo yakakwana - chete zvakarongeka zvevane 40-50 zviuru zvendudzi. Asi kutama zvizere kune kuzvimiririra simba kunowanikwa kuchabhadhara zvakanyanya kudhura. Semuenzaniso, system pane soy-input ine 2500 w Kubuda kwemaoko kuchabhadhara mazana matatu ezviuru. Saizvozvoirana zvakafanana nenhamba uye mumatiki emitoro emamhepo generals.
Solar Conrollers, maVerstters uye yemazuva ano mabhatiri anogadziriswazve pasi pekugara nzvimbo haagare nzvimbo yakawanda uye haadi imba yakaparadzana. Basa ravo uye kushanda kwavo kunogona kuitwa vese munharaunda uye kure, uchishandisa piritsi kana smartphone (kuburikidza neEthernet kana wi-fi-fi network). Mufananidzo: ABB.
Ne polycrystalline modules (ine kristasi akati wandei). Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Pakarepo kusarudza mhando ye "Green" inoenderana nenyama uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Ngatitii, munzvimbo dzakaderera-dzinomhanyisa nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka (semuenzaniso, mune crimea), mabhatiri eSolar anokodzera kwazvo. Munzvimbo dzakavhurika, pazvikomo nemakomo egungwa, izvo zvinoonekwa nemhepo dzakareba dzakareba, mhepo majenji akaratidza zvakanaka. Kune chikamu chikuru cheEuropean Russia kune nzvimbo diki dzine mamiriro ekunze, zvine musoro zvakakodzera kune imwe kana imwe mhando yemagetsi generator. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvine musoro kumisikidza marudzi ese evaRudzi anozotsiva mumwe nemumwe. Ehe, hurongwa hwakadaro hwakanyanya kudhura - asi zvekuita, izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvemamiriro ekunze eRussia.
Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Solar panwedzi
Parizvino, marudzi maviri emidziyo iyi akagoverwa: silicon uye firimu. Mumwe nemumwe wavo akapatsanurwa kuva marudzi:- Silicon monocrystalline. Imwe yega yega mwenje-inogashira module inogadzirwa zvichienderana nedanda reSilicon rakavezwa kubva kune yakasimba crystal. Iyi mabhatiri inosiyana mukubudirira kwakanyanya (kusvika pamakumi maviri neshanu), asi zvakare mutengo wepamusoro;
- Silicon polycrystalline. Iyo ndiro yemunhu wega module ine chimiro chinosanganisira kristasi akati wandei, nekuda kweiyo chishandiso chinodiwa neyakaitwa. Kushanda zvakanaka 13-15%;
- Silicon Amorphous. Pamutengo we20 muzana pazasi pePolycrystalline, kushanda kweanenge 6-8%;
- Firimu, rakavakirwa paCadmium Televide, Cadmium Slenide, Polymeric Symbol, etc. Vakawoneka vakaparadzirwa, asi vanoonekwa nevazhinji vagadziri vanovimbisa kwazvo. Kubudirira uye mutengo kunenge 20% kumusoro kupfuura iyo yeiyo Amorphous.
Polycrystalline uye yakavakirwa paAmorphous silicon yakawanikwa mukugoverwa kukuru. Izvi zvinoshandisika zviri nyore mukugadzira uye zvakachekwa pane imwe crystal-based silton-based mabhatiri emagetsi, ivo vanozvinyatso kubhururuka marara uye, nenzira kwayo, zvakakodzera, zviri nani Middle strip yeRussia, uko mazuva mazhinji emakore. ZveMatunhu ane predominance yemamiriro ekunze akajeka (crimea, pakati peAsia), pane zvinopesana, zviri nani kushandisa Mono-uye polycrystalline mabhatiri.
Mhepo jenareta
Iyo yemhepo jenareta inoshandura simba rekumhepo kuva magetsi. Models yemazuva ano inokwanisa kushanda nemhepo diki (2-3 m / s), kunyangwe mhepo yakakwana yemhepo yekumhanyisa kwebasa ravo rakakwira uye kazhinji 10-12 m / s. Pamhepo kumhanya, 3 m / s yakadaro jenareta inogadzira inenge 5% yesimba kubva kune zvinokwanisika, pakumhanya kwe7 m / s - anenge 50%. Naizvozvo, kana uchisarudza jenareta modhi, zvinodikanwa kuti ufunge nezve avhareji yemhepo yekumhanyisa mhepo munzvimbo yako, ichi chiratidzo chinogara chakaratidzwa mune rondedzero.
Ne amorphous modules. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Sarudza iyo jenareta yemhepo uye ukuru hwechizvarwa chevamwe chezana. Iwe unofanirwa kuverenga kuti magetsi mangani aunoda. Ngatiti iwe unosarudza kuve wehupfumi uye kuganhurirwa kune emergency mwenje, mashandiro eparutivi rwekutenderedza uye mukana wekubhadhara smartphone kana laptop. Ipapo iwe uchazoda simba razvino rekubuda kwe150-200 W, rinenge 50-100 yekh pamwedzi. Mabasa akadaro anopa muenzaniso mudiki wemagetsi, anogona kutengwa nhasi kwemazana mazana matatu ezviuru. Uye kana iwe uchida simba rakawanda, ipapo jenareta yemhepo inofanira kusarudzwa zvakanyanya: Mhando dzinoburitsa mazana maviri emakore kilowatt-maawa mashoma mwedzi, asiwo mutengo wechiuru.
Solution yakazara nemabhatiri ezuva uye ane simba mhepo turbines yakagadzirirwa mhepo, ichichinja mumhanya dzakasiyana siyana. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Saizvozvo, kuverenga kwemabhatiri ezuva kunoitwawo. Mari inodiwa yemagetsi yakaverengerwa, uye ma modules anosarudzwa pane hwaro hwekuverenga kuti zvive zvekuwedzera zvekuita newarandi nechokwadi chaunoita zvaunoda. Kuverenga kuri kuita zvishoma zvakaoma, sezvo kukosha kwechizvarwa chevana pamwedzi kushanduka zvakanyanya kubva panguva yegore. Muchirimo ndiyo yakakwana, uye munguva yechando isingasviki 10-20% yezhizha. Naizvozvo, sarudza solar mapaneru zvichienderana nekuti vari kuzokushandisa mumwaka unodziya (mumwaka wenyika) kana gore rese. Uye zvakare, kugona kwekugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwakasimba kunoenderana nekuti uri kunaka sei iwe uri mune solar mapanera. Dai vasina kuzoratidzwa kuti vatungamire munzira kwayo uye pakona chaiyo, saka iko kugona kwechizvarwa chesimba zvakanyanya kuderera - ne 20-30%, uye zvimwe. Naizvozvo, zviri nani zvekuverenga pane zvinodikanwa kuita mabhatiri, uchifunga nezvenzvimbo yenzvimbo yavo, nyanzvi.
Fungidziro yehybrid yemhepo-solar yekuisa scheme
Visualization: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Zvakanakira zvakanakira uye zvakashata zve solar silicon mabhatiri
| Monocrystall | Polycrystall | Amorphous silicon | |
Mutengo | Mirefu | Pakati | Yakaderera |
Kuita, kushanda zvakanaka,% | ~ 22. | ~ 15. | ~ 10. |
Zvinodiwa zvekuvhenekera | Yakakwira: Inokurudzirwa kuEast Batri kuitira kuti marara ezuva anowira pendege yayo perpendicular | Yakakwira: Inokurudzirwa kuEast Batri kuitira kuti marara ezuva anowira pendege yayo perpendicular | Kushoma kudikanwa kwekona yekudonha kwezuva |
Kubudirira kwekushanda mumamiriro ekunze | Zvakaderera | Zvakaderera | Kukwirira |
Hupenyu hweBasa | ~ 25. | ~ 20. | ~ 15. |
Kupi uye maitiro ekuisa mabhatiri uye majenji emhepo
Solar mapanera anofanirwa kuve ari kure sezvinobvira kuitira kuti mwenje wezuva huve pamusoro pavo. Muchamhembe hemisphere, mapani eSolar anoiswa mumawere ekumaodzanyemba, pasi peiyo inoenderana neGeographic Lalititude. Mukudzidzira, mapani eSolar anowanzo kuiswa padanho rekumaodzanyemba kwedenga remba. Kana pasina mukana wakadai, ipapo mabhatiri anoiswa munzvimbo isina kunaka, uye gadziriso dzinofanira kuwedzerwa mukuita. Izvo zvingave zvakakodzera kuti uwedzere huwandu hwemamambo.
Iyo yemhepo jenareta ine mutambi axis yekutenderera inoratidzirwa neruzha ruzha. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Zvakanaka, kana iwe uine margin pane inokambaira nzvimbo, uko mune ramangwana iwe unogona kuisa imwe imwe kana yakawanda module. Nekuti munguva pfupi inotevera iwe uchave uine pfungwa yekuti zvingave zvakanaka kuwedzera maitiro ekuita.
Solar mapaneru anoda kuiswa kuitira kuti vabatanidzwe. Izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kugadzirisa basa, asi zvakare kuchenesa - zvinofanirwa kuitwa nguva dzose, kubvisa mashizha akawa nemanera, guruva uye tsvina. Kunyanya kukosha ndiko kuwanikwa kwemakona ane gore-kutenderera kwekushandisa nekuda kwekuda kwavo kuchenesa kubva kuchando.
Iyo mhepo-inotyisa mhepo jenareta kune isina kusimba (kubva 2-3 m / s) mhepo. Mufananidzo: "Mhepo-Simba"
Mhepo majenji anokurudzirwa kuiswa munzvimbo yakakwirira yenzvimbo. Izvo hazvina kudikanwa kuchengetedza pane iyo Bast: Pakunakidzwa kwe8-10 m, simba remhepo rinowedzera neanenge 30%. Iyo yemhepo yemhepo kana ichishanda inogona kunge iri ruzha, saka zviri nani kuisa iyo isingasviki kupfuura makumi maviri emamita kubva pamba. Neraki, yakaderera-frequency mheremhere inokanganisa hutano uye mhuka yemhuka, chete majenji emhepo ehukuru hwakanyanya hukuru hunogadzirwa - kubva 100 kwand uye zvakakwirira. Naizvozvo, mwenje uye dzakaderera-magetsi marudzi emagetsi dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva dzakaiswa pamatenga ezvivakwa, uye nekuda kwezviitiko zvakadai zvinodikanwa kushandisa mapopoma kuputsa.
Mhepo majenji akanyanya kuzvisarudzira vari paNzvimbo dzeRussia dzeRussia (muIndoor nedenda), kupi, sekutonga, avhareji yakasimba yemhepo yekuvhuvhuta (pamusoro 7 m / s).
Kärcher Kolor System yekuchenesa Photo gallanic simba kuisirwa. Kuchenesa yakasvibiswa yakasvibiswa bhatiri inowedzera simba rayo rekutarisisa nezvinenge makumi maviri muzana. Mufananidzo: Kärcher.
Inesarudzo yekushandisa
Kuwedzera kune zvazvino jenarators (mhepo jenareta kana bhatiri remhepo) iwe uchazoda:
- Inverter - inoshandura yakananga ikozvino inogadzirwa neiyo solar panel kana bhatiri, mukuchinja zvazvino neanogona ne220 v.
- Rechargeable Batteries (Akb). Ivo vanounganidza iyo yekupa yemagetsi kana iri yekuputika kwepamusoro kana yemamiriro ezvinhu apo jenareta risingabudisi razvino (semuenzaniso, solar panels manheru).
- Raira Controllers - Zvishandiso Zvinotarisirwa Kuti Udzokere Magetsi kuyerera kunogadzirwa nejenareta. Pasina ivo, jenareta vanofanira kuibvisa pamhepo kubva kubhegi rehusiku hwese uye pakupera kwechimwe chinhu chimwe nechimwe. Mukuwedzera, vanopikisa vanowedzera kugona kwejenareta kusvika 30-50%.
- Kusimbisa jenareta. Panyaya yejenji yemhepo, iko kukwirira kwakakura kwe 8-10 m. Ye solar panels, iyo mabhureki ekuisa padenga remba kana magadzirirwo akapatsanurwa.
Sezvo maitiro ekuratidzira, iyo midziyo kit ichafanira kubhadhara zvakaringana zvakanyanya kana paine jenareta.