Chero zvipi zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvekuvaka zvedzimba zvinogadzirwa, zvakavaomera kukwikwidza nehuni dzechisikigo. Kubva kwacho iwe unogona kuvaka kwete chete chaiwo, asiwo zvakasarudzika zvivakwa. Zvimiro zveElite House-Kuvaka Misika Nyanzvi dzakataurwa sechikamu cheiyo Simminatic Seminar kuThe Autumn Exhibition Holzhaus
Chero zvipi zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvekuvaka zvedzimba zvinogadzirwa, zvakavaomera kukwikwidza nehuni dzechisikigo. Kubva kwacho iwe unogona kuvaka kwete chete chaiwo, asiwo zvakasarudzika zvivakwa. Zvimiro zveElite House-Kuvaka Misika Nyanzvi dzakataurwa sechikamu cheiyo Simminatic Seminar kuThe Autumn Exhibition Holzhaus
Chii chinosanganisirwa mucherechedzo ye "Elite imba yemapuranga"? Zano zvinodiwa nechimiro chakadai.
Alexander yelhugin. Chirongwa chemunhu mumwe nemumwe chinofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda - kuumbwa kwemhuri, maitiro, kugona zvemari kwemutengi, chimiro chechirongwa, kutaridzika kwemativi epasi. Izwi rekuti "Erite" rakabatana nedzimba zvinoreva, semutemo, "zvakanakisa, zvakanaka". Iyi tsananguro yacho inoreva basa iri, zvigadzirwa nemidziyo.
Konstantin maslov. Ini ndinoda kubata musoro wenyaya wekushanda kwekushanda uye kuisa mainjiniya masisitimu echivako. Imba yeElite inofanira kugadzira nzvimbo iri nyore kwazvo yekugara mairi uye haina kusimba kuti ibishi. Naizvozvo, pfungwa yeimba yakadaro inosanganisira chirongwa chakajairika chakaitwa, chakanyorwa mumirairo yekushandisa) pakati pemamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekupisa, nzvimbo inofungidzirwa yezvematongerwo enyika, yekugezera, madziva.
Mufananidzo: "Nlk Imba Kuvaka" | 
Mufananidzo: "Nlk Imba Kuvaka" | 
Mufananidzo: "Nlk Imba Kuvaka" | 
Mufananidzo: IZBA DE LUXE |
Mufananidzo: "Vityaz-Stroy" | 
Mufananidzo: "Garant-Stroy" | 
Mufananidzo: "Garant-Stroy" | 
Mufananidzo: "Vityaz-Stroy" |
5. Inowanikwa kubva kuCedar pine, ne "ribhoni" inopera. DIAMETER Log - 380-520 mm. Imba yeGogi inofanira kunge yakamira kwegore, wobva watanga kupedzisa. Panguva ino, kune denga renguva pfupi. Imba inogadzirwa muRussia maitiro ane mbiru dzakavezwa, shongwe, whims.
8. Kupedza Chechi yeBani kubva kuSiberia Larch. Panguva ino, denga redhiri retsika rakaiswa, madziro anobatwa, ipapo maakarukwa akagadzirirwa kukwira mweya. Iyo avhareji diamita yeiyo log ndeye 300-420 mm.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zverusununguko zvinoshandiswa kune imba yeElite?
Egor Ivanov. Mazhinji emisidhari, saka larch, uye ipapo - pine. Saizvozvo, musidhari uye larch zvirimwa zvakanyorwa. Kana iri iyo danda rehupamhi rakakura, rinogamuchirwa kubva kumisidhari.
Konstantin maslov. Kubviswa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zviri zviviri zviri muzvivakwa zvekushandisa uye mukurumbira. Semuenzaniso, musidhari ane zvivakwa zvakanaka zvekupodza (deodorsizes mhepo mumhepo yemukati), larch - kushongedza uye kuvimbika kwakakwirira. Asi hachisi chakavanzika kuti uve neimba kubva kuMisidhari kana larch zvakare chakanyanya kukurumbira. Mumapurojekiti avo, isu tinotsausa kushandisa uye kusanganisa kwezvinhu izvi. Chikara cheElite chinogona kutariswa, chakagadzirwa kubva kumadziro emadziro emhando ipi neipi - kabichi, yakakomberedzwa danda, glued matanda. Kunyangwe imba yeElite inogadzira mamwe ma parameter - kudzika kwekusimudzira zvinhu, iyo dhayimendi yeiyo dhigi (kana ichicheka), iko ukobvu hwemadziro, iyo yakaiswa zvinhu, iyo yakazara chimiro, iyo yakazara chimiro, iyo yakazara chimiro
Matanda eglued anosiyana nemutengo. Ungaziva sei kunaka kwezvinhu izvi? Zvakakodzera here kupatsanura pane dzakasiyana siyana?
Alexander yelhugin. Kucheka kwemawigi inzira yekudzora. Kugeza "matanda emapuranga" mashandiro emuchina emahuni anotemwa nemhando - yekutanga, yechipiri, yechipiri. Yekutanga iri giredhi rei rini rinogara. Uye zvakare, kune akawanda emhuri uye ekunze magwaro ezvinyorwa zvine zvinodiwa zvinoganhurira huni huni. Zvidikirwo zvakadaro zvinoumba mapoka akasiyana, zvichienderana nechinangwa chechinyorwa - zvemukati, zvevatakuri, zvakavanzika, nezvimwe, zvese izvi zvinoverengeka. Naizvozvo, ini ndinoda kuziva kuti iyo kumashure iripo, asi inouya kumutengi nenzira yedzimwe pfungwa.
Nyanzvi Dzedu
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asi. Konstantin Maslov, Musoro weTechnical Supp Supmary yekambani Izba de Luxe
b. Alexander yelchipugin, musoro weiyo Sokolyky Dock Chigadzirwa Chigadzirwa Zvirongwa Zvirongwa
mukati. Konstantin Blinov, Director YeDevelopment "chivako chivakwa chemba imba"
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Dmitry Abramov, Musoro weGarant-Stroy Kambani
D. Yegor Ivanov, Mutevedzeri General Director we Vityaz-Stroy
Ndeapi maficha edzimba kubva kumisidhari? Ndeapi maitiro ezvinhu izvi zvinoda kuziva mutengi? Izvi zvinhu zvinobva kupi uye kuti inguva yakawanda sei inotora nguva?
Egor Ivanov. Kugara mudzimba kubva kuCedar Pine kunakidzwa. Tiri kutyaira cedar civififififififiketi civified kubva kune krasnoyarsk ndima. Dhirivhari inoitwa nekukurumidza, anenge mazuva mana, saka haina kukanganisa nguva yekuvakwa. Misidhari yekuvakwa kweimba inofanira kunge iri yakakura - makore anopfuura zana nemashanu, ine diameter ye40cm. Unas inoshandiswa logs dzakabhadharwa. Mari yekupedzisira yeimba iri paiyo nheyo - kubva zviuru makumi maviri zvituzi. For 1m. Kuendesa uye kuisirwa. Sezvo zvinyorwa zvacho zvine humidy zvakasikwa, iye anoda nguva yekudziya (kanokwana 1 gore). Iyo inovharidzira inhaka ye pine uye musidhari ingangoita zvakafanana, asi vhoriyamu inopisa simba remarara rakakwira zvishoma.
Konstantin maslov. Isu tinunure musidhari nemubairo kubva kuAltai wenguva yemazuva 5-6. Paunenge uchidonha kana kuwedzera kunyorova mumba, musidheni anokanda Ioni exchange resins ayo anokosheswa kune akakwirira zvinyorwa zvekurapa uye kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, imba yemusidhari inosimbisa mamiriro emagariro eiyo anogara mairi. Iyo mutengo wechivako chekugara kubva ku glued bar ndeye 20-30% yakakwirira kupfuura zvivakwa zve pine.
Kuti nguva yegore iri nani kuvaka imba kubva kumisidhari yakadzvanywa matanda?
Alexander yelhugin. Misoro yemapuranga-yekuvaka imba uye yakasiyana nedzimwe matekinoroji ayo madziro emadziro anogona kuiswa anenge gore rese, zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze. Iko kurambidzwa kunongova chete uye chando chakasarudzika panguva yekuisirwa. Asi kana tikataura nezvengozi, ipapo imba yakavakwa mumwaka wezhizha ichave neyakaderera zvishoma shrinkage kupfuura yakaiswa kubva muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gumiguru kusvika muna Gunyana. Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yekunyorovesa yemukati yemigwagwa yekuchengetedza mumigwagwa inowanikwa. Ndokunge, mudzimba dzakavakwa munaNovember kana munguva yechando, kunyorova kwehuni, kusanganisira zvinyorwa, zvichatemwa nemwaka wekuisa, uye kwete tekinoroji yekuisa chete.
Ko kukosha kwehuni kunoshanda?
Alexander yelhugin. Kana tekinoroji yemhando yepamusoro yekuvaka imba-yakachengetedzwa iri kushandiswa, saka tinogona kutaura kuti sango, rakagadzirirwa munguva yechando, riri nani. Tumira iyo queue nekuti nyika yedu yakakura, nzira dzemusango hazvina kunaka kwese, saka nguva yechando iri mwaka wehuni wekukohwa. Aleti inokohwewa chete pane migwagwa. Kana iri matekinoroji ayo zvigadzirwa zvehuni uye chambe chehuni (mhando dzehuni dzakashandiswa, dzakawanda dzemhando dzehuni dzakarukwa, apo mwaka wekugadzirira haagadziri pachokwadi.
Mufananidzo: "Garant-Stroy" | 
Mufananidzo: "Garant-Stroy" | 
Mufananidzo: "Garant-Stroy" | 
Mufananidzo: "Garant-Stroy" |
9-10. Dzimba dzekutanga-kirasi dzekutanga dzinowanzoiswa kunze kweiyo pine, kana kubva kuDhemu neyakajairwa ye260-300 mm (kana log yakarongedzwa inoshandiswa) uye 360-400mmmm (ine ruoko-yakagadzirwa neruoko). Mazita edzimba zhinji anoshongedza iyo yakavhurika terrace.
Vamwe vanotenda kuti mushure mekugadzirisa huni neantivirens, imba haizombovhenekera. Zvakabudirira sei kune zvakafanana makomendi? Uye pane chero pfungwa mukugadzirisa kwakadaro here?
Konstantin maslov. Kutanga, tarisa zvakanaka kune iyo yemoto dziviriro manhamba. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvemoto wedzimba, uye kwete hwamapani, hwakaiswa zvisirizvo, uchicheka moto, chimneys, kupisa mabhute. Paunenge uchigadzirisa moto wokuti, huni dzinova kupikiswa. Zviitiko zvakanyanyisa zvinodikanwa, asi hazvipe inishuwarenzi yakazara. Kana tekinoroji yekubatira yaputswa, pane moto wakavhurika (makenduru, fodya), ipapo njodzi yacho inoponeswa. Uyezve, inosimbiswa chero imba, nekuti muchivakwa chezvidhinha kune mapuranga emapuranga, denga remidziyo inopisa. Mukufunga kwangu, huni dzinodiwa kubva pane maonero ekuona kwekuchengeteka kwemoto, mukupesana neyakagadziriswa yemukati yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinowoneka zvechigadzirwa. Paunenge uchirova chivakwa kune vanobatwa zvakanyanya kunyanya kutungamira muchetura. Muti kunyangwe kupisa kusingatsamwiri chepfu, uye imba inogona kugara yasara.
Egor Ivanov. Zvinokurudzirwa kurapa neantipyrenes yezvimiro zvekutengesa, kufambidzana pasi, izvo zvichabvumira kwechinguva kuti unonoke moto, usiye imba. Dzivisa kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemukati zvinosangana neBiosphere yeimba iri nani muganho.
Ndeipi chikamu chedzimba dzakavakirwa kubva kuSiberia larch? Larch logs Ndeipi chikamu chakashandiswa pachena cheMiddle Strip yeRussia?
Egor Ivanov. Larch isu tinotakura kubva kuSiberia. Iko hakuna kurambidzwa kwakasimba pane diameter. Iyo vest diameter yematanda - kubva 26cm uye pamusoro. LARCH INOGONESESWA ZVAKAITWA, ZVINOGONESESWA MUCHITSAUKO, Runako Muchimiro, RINOGONESESA, KUNYANYA, KUNYANYA, izvo zvine hutano hwakanaka.
Dmtry Abramov. Misidhari uye larch inowanzo kukwikwidza nemumwe. Kana iri inobatsira pamabasa ehutano, mukana wekufarira larch, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakaringana nemakiromita uye ekufema system. Muti uyu unokosheswa nekuda kwekutonga kwayo, ruvara rwakanaka, rwusiri chimiro chevamwe chibereko. Kana dziri misiyano iri muchinyorwa chekuvaka kubva kune mamwe mabhureki, kunyanya kubva pine, ivo havana basa, kunze kwekunetseka kwekugadzirisa, kupururudza kupisa uye uremu. Mutengo weLarch wakaenzaniswa nemutengo we pine, asi zvakakosha kuti ufunge nezve mutengo wekufambisa kubva kuSiberia.
Ndedzipi nzira dzekuita etsoka convection dhizaini? Pasi pemamiriro api ayo imba yekuvakwa kwe coil ichirongwa selite?
Egor Ivanov. Chekutanga pane zvese, iko kusarudzwa kwemazita ekugadzira log. Isu tinoshandisa chete sango rekuvaka. Kune iyo Elite Cooping dhizaini, inodikanwa kuti ushandise nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, iyo yekutanga pasi inogona kuitwa seimba ine log, uye yechipiri yakafanana nefurugi. Imba yakadaro ichatarisa iri nani pane iyo yenguva dzose log imba ine denga remapfupa.
Alexander yelhugin. Mubvunzo uri pasi pekuvaka colil kunzwisiswa kuti imba yemiganda yematanda akachekwa akabata nemaoko. Izvo zvicharatidzika kutanga pane zvese zvakakwirira-mhando yekugadzirisa uye yakakwira hunhu hwevashandi vakamisirwa. Pasina ma parameter aya, hazvigoneke kutaura nezvekubviswa, kunyangwe kushandisa iyo yakanyanya kudhura huni.
Egor Ivanov. Nezve kusarudzwa kwezvinhu: Mokumusoro muti unokura (musidhari, pine, larch), yakasimba, yakasimba, yakasimba uye, zvichiteerana, zviri nani. Iwe unogona kuraira muti uye munzvimbo dzakavakidzana, asi hazvizotenderedze nezvinodiwa zvekuwedzera kwehuni, izvo nhasi zvinopihwa nevatengi.
Mufananidzo: "Nlk Imba Kuvaka" | 
Mufananidzo: IZBA DE LUXE | 
Mufananidzo: IZBA DE LUXE | 
Mufananidzo: "Nlk Imba Kuvaka" |
15. Imba kubva kubhawa glued papurojekiti "Polyuee". Izvo zvinyorwa zvemadziro emukati uye zvekunze zvemadziro ezvivakwa ndiye altai musidhari. Chikamu chemuchinjiko chebhari ndi 180x200mm. Bhawa reGlued harisi pasi pekukanganisa kwakashata kwekunyorova kwakanyanya uye kupisa kwemadonhwe. Brushsia haina kuremara mushure megungano.
Ungasarudza Sei Vavengi Vavengi?
Dmtry Abramov. Tumira iyo queue iwe yaunoda kuumba zvaunoda zveimba yemberi, uyezve, kuongorora zvinhu zvakavakwa nemakambani akasiyana, kunzwisisa kuti ndeipi kambani inokwanisa kuzvigadzirisa, uye zvakanyatsogona kuita. Zvichava zvakaoma kusarudza, kunyanya kufunga nezve kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvinoisa matekinoroji. Izvo zvinodikanwa kushanyira nhamba yakakwana yezvinhu zvakavakwa chaizvo, enzanisa, ongorora. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kune iyo dhizaini yeimba, uye pane yekugadzirisa mhinduro, uye nekujeka kwekuiswa, uye mwaka webasa rekuvaka. Chikwangwani chakanaka ndiko kuvapo kweTermometers munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeimba panguva yekupedzisa mabasa. Imwe yeiyo yakakosha maitiro ekusarudzwa kweanogadzira imba yakavakwa imwe nguva yapfuura, iyo muridzi anofadzwa kusvika pari zvino.
Konstantin blinov. Kuvakwa kwedzimba dzega hakuzi nzvimbo yakasimbiswa uko mutengi aigona kuona imwe chitambi, izvo zvaizotaura kuti chigadzirwa ichi chinoenderana nekutaura kwakanaka. Kana paine yaive yekucheka-mucheka certification system, ipapo mutengi aizoziva kuti imba inoenderana nemitemo yese. Cererage, danho reimba yevaElite haisati yasvika.
Makambani mazhinji anoita mataira emhuri kubva kubhawa glued. Vamwe vanoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kweavo tu, vamwe - kukwira, kwechitatu kutungamirirwa nemitemo yepasi rese. Ndeupi mutsauko?
Alexander yelhugin. Mugadziri anokwanisa kugona kutungamirirwa neyakagadziriswa pane hwaro hwemabasa azvino uye tekinoroji yake. Inogona kushandisa chete zviyero zvepamba pasina kuvandudza yake iyo (inoitika zvishoma kazhinji). Kana kuti anovandudza mumwe wake, pamwe nekubvumirwa nemitemo yenyika. Chii Chinoitika? Vagadziri vepamba, vachipfuura nzira yekuzvidira yeCertification, inogamuchira chitupa chekuenderana nekit. Iwo ekupedzisira anoenderana, semutemo, ave neyavo uye nemamwe maitiro emunhu kana mamwe maitiro anozotaurira magwaro ekudzora ezvigadzirwa zvake. Ipapo muviri wechiratidzo unofananidza zvivakwa zvezvigadzirwa izvi nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi. IKAAK Tonga, kutevedzera kunowanikwa. Kune zvakare hurongwa hwezviyero zvepasi rose. Zvinoita sekumanikidzwa. Zvinoenderana nemitemo yeEurope inoshandiswa muEU, chibereko pachacho chakasimbiswawo, uye tekinoroji, izvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvehunyanzvi zvekuti mugadziri anofanirwa kucherechedza mugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa. Naizvozvo, kuvapo kwechiratidzo chepasi rese neyekurumidzira kwehuni vanovimbisa mutengi kuti kwete zvigadzirwa chete, asiwo tekinoroji yekugadzira kwavo kunoenderana nemitemo yacho.
Konstantin blinov. Kana kugadzirwa kweChiratidzo cheEurope, mutengi anogona kuve nechokwadi kuti chitupa chazvinowanikwa uye kuti chidzorere kugadzirwa kwakananga uye vashanyi avo, pane izvi tu tu tu tu.
Nekuda kweizvozvo zvinogona kuwedzera huwandu hweiri dzimba dzeimba yemapuranga imba?
Egor Ivanov. Dzimba dzeguruva nekuda kwehupamhi hwerima rerufu. Kurwiswa nekuda kwehunhu hwekucheka, kushayikwa kwemakwande, inorembera, mapundu. Tevere, funga zvakakodzera zvakakodzera zvezvinhu zvekupedza, kudarika, iyo tiki pasi. Zvakare isa mawindo-anoshanda.
Konstantin maslov. Nzvimbo dzisina kusimba dzinowanzoitika madziro kune hwaro hwenheyo, denga. Ini ndinoratidza kutarisisa kune zvigadziro zvehurongwa hwekufambisa. Kupedza kupisa kunogona kudzikiswa, kusanganisira nekuda kweiyo chaiyo marongero uye kuwanda kwemhepo kuchinjana mumba. Pano unogona kushandisa zvese zvakasiyana siyana zvekupindira maitiro uye mwaka (zuva nezuva) mhepo yekuisa munguva yezuva nemwaka. Semuenzaniso, kana pasina vanhu vari mumba, mhepo inovhuvhuta inofanira kuderedzwa. Zvese zvinhu izvi mune zvakaoma uye kuita kuti chivakwa chidziyirwe.
Dmtry Abramov. Isu tinoteerera kune ese akakosha nzvimbo dzekupisa. Isu tinogadzira denga neisimbiso 250-300mm uye zvakatowanda. Isu tinoshandisa inobudirira yekudyara insulation, insulate chigadziko, sarudza simba rakanyatsoita Windows.
Ndezvipi zvinokurudzirwa pane zvekunze kwekunzwa kwejecha pakati pematanda?
Egor Ivanov. Iyo insulation yekupinda nzvimbo nzvimbo inzvimbo yakakosha kwazvo. Mafungiro angu kune vaSalants haana kunaka. Mukufunga kwangu, iyo searlant inogona kushandiswa chete mune imwe nyaya isina tariro - kana iwe wakaraira imba isina kunaka. Ipapo chikepe chegungwa chichabatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchenesa, kupisa kupisa. Netsika, moss, pass, firakisi, inoshandiswa kune iyo insulation yekudyara. Izvi ndizvo zvakakodzera kwazvo, eco-hushamwari zvinhu.
Konstantin maslov. Muti - Zvirongwa Zvekufema Zvinyorwa. Sezvineiwo kuburikidza nemuti wakakwana mhepo huwandu hwehuwandu hahuzopfuure. Saka, mweya weimba yemapuranga unokonzerwa nezvinhu zviviri. Yekutanga inononoka uye yakatsetseka mhepo infsiration kuburikidza nemapikicha kana makomendi akachekwa. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti mweya urege kugashira akasiyana emakemikari ekuwedzera, isu tichaisa pfungwa pakushandiswa kwekusimbisa kwechisikigo. Yechipiri ndeyekufema kwemukati iyo inokodzera chimiro chemazwi. Naizvozvo, hazvidikanwe kuvharidzira zvachose kupenya kweimba kuburikidza nemafime.
Dmtry Abramov. Sezvaunoziva, kudziya kunobuda imba yemapuranga kuburikidza nedenga, windows, pasi pasi, madziro. Zvekupindira ndichipindira, kambani yedu yakaiswa nezvinhu zvinobva kune zvakajeka mabhenefiti emamwe gwai denga, inogadzirwa kuGermany. Kutanga kushandisa izvi zvinyorwa, takaedza kutsiva mushe mushe jute uye inotarisirwa kuderedza kupisa kupisa kuburikidza nemadziro. Kutaura zvazviri, mhedzisiro yacho yakazova yakanyanya kukwirisa - kuderera kukuru kwekushora kwemadziro kwakaitika, uye kushupika kwemukati kweimba yemukati yeimba yacho yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kupedzisa imba yeElite?
Alexander yelhugin. Iko kubvumidzwa kweiyo cooping chimiro kunogona kutsigirwa nemakonzo akasarudzwa kana kuzviomera. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti ushandise zviyero zvinobvumirwa izvo zvisingakanganise nemhepo yakasikwa yemhepo yekupararira kwemadziro. Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru chinodiwa kune zvivakwa zvekupenda uye varvariki. Zvakakosha zvakafanana zvichave sarudzo dzezvishandiso zvekupedza kwemukati uye marudzi ese ekupedza kwemukati pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwemakemikari: Fomualdehyde, phenol, styrene, nezvimwe.