Zvimiro zvekutarisa neDombo rekushongedza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: Sand kongiri, zvidhinha, huni, dzakabatanidzwa neisimbichi uye yakaoma-yakachekwa plasterboard
Dombo rekushongedza rakatarisana rinogona kushongedza nzvimbo dzevhu chero kunze uye zvemukati madziro: Sand-kongiri, zvidhinha zvine mwero uye planboard yakafukidzwa neplasterboard. Kubudirira kunonyanya kukosha, kana kupera kwakapihwa nechirongwa cheimba, uye kana kuita basa, iwo maitiro ehunyanzvi anoonekwa zvakanyanya.
Ndiani?
Kushongedza kwakatarisana nematombo, dzimwe nguva kunonzi kwekunzi, kuve nekuzvidzivirira chimiro, ruvara uye chimiro chematombo chaiwo: Smooth uye soundvoir, kugeza, river matombo uye mabwe. Nekudaro, ibwe harina basa. Zvikamu zvacho chikuru ndezvemumende (sechibhenziti), jecha, dzakasiyana siyana (Cerrelers, Pumice kana musanganiswa waro) uye pumments. Dzimwe nguva kuvandudza zvivakwa zvebwe, mapurasitiki anounzwa mukuumbwa kwayo, zvinowedzera zveanonyengera. Pakati pemakambani eRussia anozivikanwa - Vagadziri vezvinyorwa izvi zvinogona kunzi makomo machena, Kamrock, chelsea dombo, foreland, "kutengeserana" kweGwe ". Mutengo 1M- 750-1400Rub.
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Kubva padiki kusvika pakakura
Kurema kwebwe kunoenderana nehukuru hwayo uye chimiro. Chiedza chinoonekwa chinorwadza chinosekesa kusvika makumi maviri em m gg / m; Inosanganisira kuunganidzwa kwakakurumbira kwezvidhinha zvekushongedza, huwandu hwezvinhu izvo zvisingaenzaniswi nehuwandu hwezvidhina chaiwo. Matombo Wemi 20-52 KG / M ndewevavhareji yehuremu chikamu, anopfuura 52kg / m kusvika pakakomba. Pamusoro pavo, rusvingo rweimba runofanira kumira uremu hwe putty, glue negrut. Kana iyo avhareji yekushandiswa kweGlue uye Grouts Per 1M 3-5kg, zvakare kunyangwe isina "kusaremerwa" kugezesa (17kg / m) kuremerwa kuchave kune 6-10kg, uye izvi zvakawanda.
Mumwe paramende yakakosha iyo inoda kuiswa muaccount ndeye chiyero chehukuru uye chakaenzana chezvinhu zvega. Gadziridza zvidhinha zvakaringana. Hazvisi nemukana kuti vanoshandiswa pane chero nzvimbo, kusanganisira iyo yakachengetedzwa GKL, yakachinjika neyakajeka, yakashongedzwa neChipboard uye haina kuitirwa mitoro yakakura. Kuvharidzirwa kweakakura-chinhu chinotema matombo e1 dm inogona kuyera 7kg. Kusarudza mhando yakafanana yekupedzisa, ngatiti, nekuda kwechinhu cheimba yenyika, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti uremu hwayo huchangodzinga kwete chete magadzirirwo emadziro, asiwo nheyo. Zvitongero zvako: Kune imba yekukurumidza kubva kuSandwich Panels (100kg / m), hwaro hwakakura hwechiitiko chakadzika chinodiwa, uye iyo yakadzvanywa facade haizogadzira chero matambudziko akawandisa. Kana varidzi vakangoerekana vaita basa rekugadzira kana kuvaka, uye pakudya, uye pakusarudza nhanho) vakasarudza kushongedza madziro ezano (70kg / m), iyo huremu hwechivako ichawedzera ne 1.5-2 times. Izvi zvinobvumidzwa pane imwe nzvimbo yerunyararo here? Mugadziri anofanira kupindurwa kumubvunzo chaiwo wakadaro, asi kwete mugadziri kana kuora dombo.
Mhedziso, sezvazvinoita, zviri pachena kuti: Iyo mhando uye uremu hweimba yekucheka inofanirwa kufirwa pachiitiko chekugadzira, apo dhizaini nemadziro zvichiverengerwa.
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Kutarisana neDombo rekushongedza rinoenderana neyemapuranga nzvimbo (a, b), madziro akazara akasununguka. "Dombo" rakanyatsobatanidzwa nematombo akadzika, akasvinwa masitepisi uye mabharani.
Fenzi yakasimba inopa nyika imba kusimbiswa uye inovimbisa kuchengetedza kwayo. Iyo fenzi, yakarongedzwa nedombo rekushongedza, inokodzera kwazvo mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, kuwirirana nematehwe, kwakavezwa ne "dombo" rinovhara, uye pasina kukanganisa iyo yakasarudzika yenzvimbo yenzvimbo.
A, c - chena zvikomo
B - Architect A. Ermakova, Mufananidzo V. Nefredova
Glue kana kuparara?
Makambani mazhinji ane nyanzvi dzinotora kuiswa kwegomba rekushongedza, shandisa zvirevo zvakajairika zvekuradzika, asi panguva imwecheteyo ivo vanozvichinja ivo pachavo. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo "masonry system" inosiyana nenzira dzekusimbisa zvinhu kumadziro akashandiswa nemapundu, simba, kukanganisa kwechimiro uye madziro emadziro.
Muenzaniso wakareruka: Saka kuti ibwe rinogadziriswa rakazara, rugwaro rweGlue runofanira kuve nerunyararo rwakakwana kune icho chigadziko. Mukuwedzera, anomanikidzwa kushandira amai pakati pamadziro nedombo (ivo, semutemo, vane mutsara mutsetse wekuwedzera coefficients) pakutenderera tembiricha. Mushure mezvose, iko kutsvuka kwemadziro, kunyanya muzuva, kunopisa kusvika ku + 15 ° C, uye kutonhorera kusvika-makumi maviri kusvika manheru. Panguva imwe chete, chigadziko chacho hachisi kudziya kumusoro kwazvo sebwe, uye nokudaro, kuturika kwakaitwa kwakawedzera simba. Kana iwe ukashandisa "zvisirizvo" kuumbwa kweGlue, makwayana anoonekwa zvisingaonekwe pane zvakatarisana, uye mabwe achawa nguva nenguva.
Nekudaro, kusarudza glue yekushongedza matombo akatarisana, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvivakwa zvechigadziko. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kuti urambe uchifunga kuti bhegi (25 kg) yemusanganiswa wekunamatira kwemari yakadonhedzwa inodhura 290-390 rubles, yakadai sezvidhina) - ipo 450-550 rubles. Mutengo wehunyanzvi hwekunyora neanonyanya kusimba (1.2-1.4 MPA) anosvika mazana matanhatu emazana zana emazana. Nenzira yavo, ivo vakasimbisa kwazvo dombo kumadziro chero emadziro, mutengo wavo unoratidzika kunge wakanyanya.
Unoda kuponesa? Ndokumbirawo uve nenzira dzakawanda. Iyo yakapfava ndeyekupaza uye panguva imwe chete yekunyudza pamusoro pemadziro neyekutetepa (5-10mm) yeiyo siment-jecha musanganiswa weglue pamusoro payo. Nenzira, yakaoma inonamira kuumbwa iyo inopa vagadziri veDombo rekushongedza vane kudenha kwe09-16 uye, sekutonga, vakagadzirirwa iyo yakagadzirirwa (yakadikanwa) nzvimbo).
Zvemisodzi nekudzikira kwakadzika kusvika kumhinduro dzejecha, semuenzaniso, monolitiki kongiri, kutanga kumadziro inoshandiswa neganda, uye ipapo gomo rinopukutisa. Mune ino kesi, mutengo wakakwana wematengo uye basa rakaitwa richava anenge mazana mana rubles. For 1m. Nekudaro, pane zvimiro zvekutarisana nemhando dzakasiyana dzezve nheyo dzakakodzera kumira zvakadzama.
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Usati wasimudza nzvimbo dzekushongedza nzvimbo yakatarisana, simbi yakasungirirwa mesh yakabatanidzwa kune madziro ezvidhinha (a). Zvinhu zvekuita zvinofanirwa kutanga neAngular zvinhu, uye wobva washongedza madziro (b).
Kuti uzive kuzere kuzere kwemidziyo inoratidzira uye mukana wekushanda kwebwe rekushongedza, iwe unofanirwa kuve nezivo chaiyo uye kutevedzera mamwe mitemo yekuisa. Naizvozvo, kutarisana nemazita nezvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kuvimbwa nazvo kuti usavimbe nevanhu, asi nyanzvi intsimudziro inonyanyera pakurara kwayo. Ivo vanozokwanisa kuzadzisa basa reizvozvo kuoma mune pfupi pfupi nguva nguva (C, D).
A, B - Mufananidzo V. Kovaleva
C - "Dombo Rakakwana"
D - KAMROCK
Concrete uye yayo inobva
Nei isingadiwi kugonhedza ibwe zvakananga ku monolithic kongiri, foam zvidhinha, zvidhinha zvidhinha? Mushure mezvose, ivo vanotaridzika vanomarara zvakanaka. Zvingaite, kutora uye kuiisa pasina kurongeka ... dambudziko rakarurama uye rakanyatsojeka, iro rinopfuura nekunyanyisa kuumbwa. Kuti uwedzere kuzvishongedza zvimiro zvakadai, unogona kushandisa zvakakosha zvekumisa: Cereres 19 (HenKEL, Germany), "Concrete Asset" (Unis), "Betokonton T-55" ("BEEKNOTT T-55" ("BEEKNOTT T-" Asi zvakadaro zvakavimbika kutora mukana wenzira yakaratidza: Kuti ubatanidze galen kuisirwa kwetombo.
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Dhinda yekushongedza matombo (machena zvikomo): tanga batanidza plaster yesimbi mesh (a) chidimbu cheki (b) munzvimbo yese yepasi (b). Ipapo pamusoro peiyo grid yakafukidzwa nekwere diki yeiyo coment plaster (g) uye kuruboshwe kusvikira yaoma. Dombo rekunze rakaiswa pane rakaomeswa plaster, vachitarisa masoni anotsiga vachishandisa chikamu chekuvaka (e). Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo "dombo" zvinhu zvakacheka iyo kona yekugeda muchina kuti vawane saizi yaunoda (e). Iyo seams inosungira pamwe neChiak Inokosha Composition, ichimisikidza iyo nerubatsiro rweimba yekuvaka (g)
Zvidhina - kesi mutete
Zvidhinha zvidhinha, pane zvinopesana, zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya. Ivo vanogona kuvezwa nebwe rekushongedza rei chero uremu pasina kutangira kutyisa. Madziro anotanga kuvharwa nevhu rakakodzera, semuenzaniso Cereresit 17 (HenKEL), "Hentive Deptration's Ilis" (Unis), "Bonde T-53" ("BUDA SEXT GLUE: CERESIT CM 17 (HenKEL) , "Gara T-11" ("zvigadziko"), "Flex" (Knauf, Russia). Nzvimbo inoyerera, mhinduro yekuzvininipisa inonyatsoiswa pachigadziko, uye padombo. Mari inodhura ichave idiki chete nehombe diki dzebasa, paunenge uchipedza barbecue, base, zvidimbu zvemadziro. Patinosangana nedare rechivakwa, vashandi havafanire kunyatso zunza glue kupinda pamusoro pechinhu chimwe nechimwe chinhu. Iko kushandiswa kumwechete kwekutumbuka kunodhura pane nzvimbo isina kuvharwa kuchawedzera zvakanyanya, uye inosungirwa. Naizvozvo, zvakakodzera kufunga nezvekushandiswa kweiyo nzira yakataurwa pamusoro apa.Pamabhiri ekare akaumbwa kana pamadziro ezvidhinha zvemhando yepamusoro, pamwe neye monolit-kongiri-kongiri, inodikanwa kushandisa grid. Zvinotorwa zvidhinha zvakagadziriswa neDowel-chipikiri cheDowel, kuti slit-Special Dowels (Nyora "Molly", "butterfly") kana mhizha. Tevere, shanda zvinoenderana nechirongwa chinozivikanwa. Saizvozvowo, vanouya nemadziro ezvidhinha vakabatwa ne hydrophabizer kana nzira kubva kure kure (ivo vanonetsa kwazvo kugombedzera pavari).
Madziro akasimba
Kudya dzimba dzeNyika kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana zvekuvakisa zvekuvaka, kusanganisira nhovo uye huni, kazhinji dzinoshandisa zvakanyanyisa kunze kwekunze kubva kumahwendefa ePolystyrene foam, mineral mhools iyo.d. Vazhinji vanogona kusava nechokwadi kuti kusunungurwa uye kusiri-kusiri-yakaoma kwemadziro akadai kunogona kuva dombo rekushongedza. Nekudaro, tekinoroji yakadaro yakagadziriswa uye yakaedzwa mukuita.
Mushure mekunge mahwendefa ehupamhi akatsemurwa kumadziro, iwo anowedzera kusimudzwa newaDowel-chipikiri kana zvimbudzi zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadziko. Ipapo shell mesh inoshandiswa uye pakarepo yakafukidzwa neanonamatira nekupiswa kuitira kuti iri pakati peiyo layer. Tevere, grid inosungirirwa nemachira kusvika pachigadziko, kureva kuti, kushandurwa kaviri kunoitwa. Basa rayo harisi kungogadzirisa kupisa zvinhu zvinosimbisa, asiwo uve mutsigiro akavimbika wekutarisana. Inscess padenga, dents dzinoumbwa, uye dzinovhenekerwa nekuumbwa kwemabwe. Paakagadzirwa saizvozvo, ibwe rekushongedza rerudzi rupi zvarwo, kubva pane zvakareruka kusvika zvakanyanya zvakanyanya. Kuve nekumwedza rudzi rwekutarisana nechirongwa, unongosarudza kuiswa kweiyo density yakakodzera, iyo yaunoda nhamba yemapango, plaster mesh kubva kune yakakodzera sizi ine sektera yakasarudzika, pamwe nekuumbwa kwegiri.
Ehezve, izvo zvinonyengera uye zvichishanda pakushanda, zvakafanira kuti titaure zvakawanda, semuenzaniso, kutarisisa kunodiwa kuenderana neyemawindo nemasuodhi, iyo yekunzwa uye yemukati uye yemukati uye yemukati angles yeiyo iyo iyo.D. Asi hazvinei nazvo kuvarondedzera. Vese vanofanira kuve nemakaganhurwa maererano nebasa kana rimwe bhuku reprojekiti, uye kubhururuka kwemapindu anoramba achiteverwa naye.
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Masvingo emapuranga: nzira yakakosha
Zvakanyanya kuomera "dombo" ndiko hwaro hwehuni, kazhinji rinotaurwa nezve "chipenyu" zvinhu. Saka, madziro nenzvimbo ye 10m ne tembiricha uye madonhwe madonhwe anogona kuchinja mutsara kusvika kune gumi cm. Haasi kutarisana kwese kuchatsungirira kufambira mberi kwakadai, uye kwete chero brigade ichatora basa rakadai.Kune nzira yekubuda, kwete imwe. Iwe unogona kudziya imba kubva kubha kunze, uye insulting ndeyekupera dombo. Sisitimu yakadaro inokutendera kuti uwedzere mutsara wekuwedzera kwemuti, asi inofanira kuverengerwa zvakanaka, uye kutarira kunofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekushambadzira. Ivo vanowanzoitwa pamakona, pasi pemahwindo eP.P., kureva kuti havazomboonekwe.
Mafungiro emuchenjeri
Mushure mekunge kugeza kuri kwekupedzisira kutyaira, iyo inocheka kubva muhombodo yekushongedza inodiwa kubatwa neyakakosha hydrophobic composition. Iyo inoumba elastic semi-inobvumirwa membrane pamusoro payo, iyo inodzokorora mvura, inodzivirira izvo zvinyorwa kubva pamamiriro ekunze ekunze ekunze. Zviri nyore kuti utarisire zvakadai, nekuti zviri nyore kuchenesa kubva kuguruva uye tsvina. Nzvimbo dzeWTEM, uko dombo rakatarisana richavhurwa kazhinji tembiricha tembiricha uye nehasha dzenhau, uye zvakare mukubatana nemvura, kugadzirisa hydrophetizer inosungirwa. Iyo inoiswa mune maviri zviyero zvemvura yakanyorova. Pamusoro pebwe rinowana zvivakwa zvinobatsira mushure memazuva maviri. "Inoshanda" kufukidzwa ndasvika makore 5-7, mushure mokunge maitiro anodzokororwa.
Denis Panoov, CEO yeWhite Hills
Pane imwe sarudzo. Gumi madziro ekunze ekugadzira imba kufanana neyekugadziriswa kweiyo madziro emukati: Kubatanidza maumbirwo esimbi kumadziro, maviri matanda eCPS, ikaita grid, kupinza plaster uye, pakupedzisira, sunga ibwe. Nenzira yakafanana, nzvimbo diki dzemadziro dzinowanzogadzirwa, uye ibwe rakacheneswa zvakananga kuCPS, sezvo mahwendefa aya ane runyararo rwakanaka kusvika kumhinduro dzejecha.
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Dombo rekushongedza rongai madziro ekunze uye emukati, dzimba dzemoto uye chimneys, kupisa kwemukati kweiyo kusapfuura 70 s (a, b).
Architect A. Buzzyitsky
Mufananidzo N. Selebryakova
Dombo rakatetepa uye rakareruka rekunze rinowanzoshandiswa kupedzisa zvemukati. Kuiswa kwezvinhu hazvikonzeri kunetsa kwakakosha, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwekupedzesa hwakadaro hunenge husina muganho (c).
Architect A. Grishin
Mufananidzo R. Shelomenseva
Chii chiri mukati?
Mukati menzvimbo, kupedzisa kazhinji kunofanirwa kubata nemadziro uye plasterboard pression. Iko hakuna matambudziko anokosha nedombo ravo rekushongedza. Isu tichazoteerera chete kune imwe chete nuance, iyo inoda kuiswa muaccount kana kumisikidza madziro yakagadzirirwa kupedzisa neyakairema (anopfuura 52kg / m). Yakajairwa gomba resimbi rekutungamira kwekusimbisa glk-60sm. Pasi pekuputika kukuru ivo vakaiswa kazhinji kazhinji kupfuura 30cm. Asiri-wega kutsamisa kwakagadziriswa, asi maviri matanda emanyoro-anopesana ne glk. Kuwedzera kushanda zvinoenderana neyakajairwa Scheme: Vanopfura plaster yakaonda grid nerubatsiro rwechiratidzo chekuvaka uye mabhureki, geza ne glue uye mushure mezuva rakatanga kupatsanura madziro neDombo rekushongedza.Mafungiro emuchenjeri
Switching - iyo yekupedzisira nhanho yekuisirwa ibwe rekushongedza. Inogadzirisa iro basa rinovaka rekusimbisa seams. Hazvigoneke kusiya seams dzakavhurika, kuburikidza navo kunyorova kunopinda mukati mekumirirwa, uye nekufamba kwenguva dzekutenderera kwekutonhora uye nekushongedza, kuparadza masonry. Mukuwedzera, batch ye seams inopa kutarisana nechitarisiko chesimba. Iwe haufanirwe kuzadza seams nemhinduro yekusimbisa musimboti - Izvo zvinomarara, hazvibvumike nepfuti, uye nekuda kweSeam, inozoitika isingashande. Nechinangwa ichi, grout yakakosha yakagadzirwa nevose vagadziri vebwe vanoitirwa. Iyo yakanyanya nyore kutenderera kweiyo manyorerwo, ayo anoiswa uchishandisa yekuvaka pistol kana homemade "syringe" yakagadzirwa kubva papakeji, tuba ichape.p. MaSeams pakati pezvinhu zvega zvazadzwa nemisa yakasviba, akamirira maminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu, achinge aoma, uye akabva afemera ne spatula.
Alexander Teleryyev, Chief Technologist yeKamrock
Zvese
Mufurati, mamiriro ekutarisana nenzvimbo neDombo rekushongedza rinogona kutorwa zvakanaka: zvisingagumi midzitiro, kushomeka kwehutsinye hwekunze. Kana iwo macady ari akakwana, tembiricha ambure inofungidzirwa mumhando ye10-25C. Hazvina kufanira kukwira ibwe mumvura uye zvakananga marangi eSolar, sezvo yakanyanyisa kunyorova kana kukurumidza kuoma kwemhinduro kuderedza simba reMasonry. Iyo nguva yakanakisa yekupedzisa (kunyanya yekukura seams) mangwanani nemanheru.
Pakupisa kwemhepo kusvika -10 c shandisa yakakosha "nguva yechando" glue. Chokwadi, pane imwe mamiriro ezvinhu: Nepo masonry mhinduro haisimbe 70% simba, iyo tembiricha yemhepo haifanire kuwira pasi kukosha kwakaratidzirwa pane glue package, kusakwana kwesimba uye kusimba kwekuumbwa kuchaderera. Kunyangwe tembiricha yakadzika, nzvimbo yakaparadzaniswa inotenderedza kudziya, yakadzvuka yefirimu girini, kupisa mhepo mukati maro uye ibwe raiswa. Pakupera kwebasa, tembiricha iyi inochengetwa kwemamwe mazuva matatu.
Kutenda kwekuvonga kuchena makomo, KAMROK, Chelsea Dombo
Kuti ubatsirwe mukugadzirira zvinhu.