Mitezo yeimba: Kunze uye midziyo yemakamuri, kuisirwa maficha, zvidhori zvemamiriro ekunze. Kurudziro inotanga meteorologists.
Pamusoro pekugadzirwa uye technical kuoma, meteorics inosiyana mukushongedza dhizaini. Tsika yekubatanidza inofadza nekushandiswa kunobatsira kwezvinhu zvakafanana kwekugara
Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, Analog meterological midziyo inoshandiswa kuongorora mamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze, tsvaga kuti ndeipi mhando yemugwagwa kana imba tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, humidity
Chikamu chakakosha chemamiriro ekunze- "Zvebindu uye gadheni". Inogona kuve midziyo yakaoma uye inodhura uye midziyo yakapfava, yakadai sevanonaya, iyo yaungaverengera huwandu hwenzvimbo yekunyora
Imba yekutarisa masisitimu e meteorological indicators- zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze
Iyo bar898HG mamiriro ekunze akagadzirirwa kushanda kunze uye mukati. Valleychychi kubva kuAnalog midziyo, chiteshi chedijitari console chinogona kuendeswa kubva kunzvimbo kuenda kunzvimbo isina kutyisa kukuvadza mudziyo wekuisa
Station zviyero zviri kuenzaniswa muhomwe
Anemometers akaiswa pamatenga ekuvhura kana gomo remakomo
Vashoma vanhu vanofananidza naamai-mauto maererano nenhamba uye mhando ye "zvinoshamisa", yakaunzwa pane capita. IIKovka chekhovsky "Nyaya" haizoponesa pano. Mugove nekuziva nezve njodzi dziri kuuya dzinovabatsira kuti vadzivise. Sezvavanotaura, vanonyeverwa, vakashonga.
Munguva dzekare, vanhu vainyatsoziva uye vakanzwisisa mutauro wechimiro, izvo zvinonzi "zviratidzo zvemamiriro ekunze", zvichienderana neizvozvo munyu anofanotaura kusanganisa mamiriro ekunze akaipa. Mugari wemiguta rakanatswa kazhinji haanzwisisike munzvimbo dzakadai senzira uye chimiro chekufamba kwemakore, maitiro emhuka, shiri uye zvipembenene, nekuti kune hydrometelogical centre. Nekudaro, iyo mamiriro ekunze mamiriro ekunze, akaverengerwa kunyange neakanakisa resainzi luminaires, pamidziyo yemazuva ano haisi nguva dzose. Kupfuura zvese, ivo vanozviitira nzvimbo yakakura (semuenzaniso, yeMoscow nharaunda yeMoscow), uye "panzvimbo iyo" mamiriro ekunze anogona kuve nemumvuri wayo uye maficha. Hazvishamisi kuti vanhu vanofarira kuwana yavo mamiriro ekunze ekufungidzira.
Izvo zviripo kune thermometers uye barometers, pamwe vanoziva zvese. Zvishoma zvinowanzoitika hygrometers - zvishandiso zvinosarudza mhepo humidity. Zvisikwa zvemoto zvemamiriro ekunze zvinogona zvakare kuve neAmometers kuti uone kumhanya (simba) yemhepo, plvometer (mimwe mimwe michina, sole, solar uye ultraviolet radiation sensors. Tichataura pamusoro pemidziyo yese iyi nhasi.
Zvitubu zveKufungidzirwa kwakakodzera
Pakutanga, isu tichaitisa chidiki "libete ye" Libez yevatanga vekuMeteorologists. " Zvese zvemamiriro ekunze ekuongorora zvishandiso zvinoita maviri makuru mabasa. Kutanga, zivisa munhu nezve mamiriro aripo emamiriro ekunze. Kechipiri, batsira kukwevera nemhedzisiro yekucherechedzwa kwenguva refu kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze mamiriro ekunze. Basa repiri rakaoma zvakanyanya. Kuti uzvigadzirise, zvakafanira kuenzanisa uye panguva imwe chete Ongorora kuverenga kwemidziyo yakati wandei, senge barometer, iyo thermometer, hutsinye uye anemometer. Zvinotonyanya kuoma kukwevera kumusoro kwepakati uye kwenguva refu-mamiriro ekunze kufembera. Kune izvi, kufungidzira komputa kwehurongwa hwakakura-hwemagariro ezvekuita zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinoda huwandu hwakakura hwe data hwakawanikwa kubva kune sensors kure kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kushandisa zvinorema makomputa.Midziyo yakawanda inoburitswa zvese mu "dijitari" uye mune mechancal ("Analog) vhezheni yekuurayiwa. Analog uye digital tekinoroji ine zvavakanakira uye zvikumbiro. Kune inotevera nyaya, nyanzvi inozivikanwa nekukanyatsoreruka uye kuvimbika. Imba Analog "thermometers" yakakosha $ 0.5-2 yakapararira. Sample hwindo thermomometers neanosimudzira kusimbisa kwavo kwekunze, kugadzirwa kwemakambani "strupyporbor" (Rusraine), Karlkoch (Germometers for Bathers, Aquariums, vana. D. Pamwe chete nemidziyo imwe neimwe, thermohygrometrs inogadzirwa, barometers ine gyggery nemavhi, zvakasanganiswa mune yakajairika kesi. Boka rakakosha reAnalog meterans ndiyo Soulevenir zvigadzirwa.
Usavhiringidze Celsius ne Kelvin!
Tembiricha chiyero thermometers akasiyana. Fahrenheit (f), celsius (c) uye kelvin (k), inonzi nemazita evavengi vavo, akagamuchira kugoverwa kukuru. Chiyero cheCelsius chakatorwa. Mumakiti maviri ndiwo ekunyungudika nzvimbo yechando (0C) uye mvura yekubikisa kuAtmpheric kudzvanywa kwe760 mm yeMercury Pillar (100c), uye saizi yeiyo chikamu chinotsanangurwa sezana remakumi maviri. Wishevale Kelvin the zero point yeRero reference ndeye "Mhedziso zero", kana mashoma mashoma ekupisa - kukosha kwayo kunoenderana na -273 celsius. Saizvozvo, 0 Celsius inenge 273k. Iwo madhigirii emadhigiri mune izvi zviyero zvinoenderana (semuenzaniso, 100c anoenderana ne733k). Zvakaoma zvakanyanya kubata neFahrenheit chiyero chinoshandiswa muUnited States. Iko kune pakati pemadhigirii (0F), iyo yekunyungudika yemusanganiswa wechando uye imboniya inoenderana nenongedzo yekunyungudika, uye zana remakumi emakore emuviri wemunhu. 0 celsius ndeye 32 Fahrenheit, 100 Celsius - 212 Fahrenheit iyo.d. "Kusapindirana" kwakadaro kunoita kuti zviome kushandisa zvishandiso ne "kwete" chiyero.
Kwete kungobatsira chete, asi zvakare zvakanaka
Kusarudza metairans, zvakafanira kufungidzira kuti iyi nzira iyi yakagadzirirwa here kuti urege (mugwagwa) kana kuisirwa komedhiti. Rue nemidziyo yemakamuri inogona kuve neyakajairika tembiricha. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune iyo thermometers yekugeza uye saunas inofanirwa kumira nekudziya kwakasimba. Rue (hwindo) thermometers dzinogona kuve dzakashongedzerwa nesarudzo dzinosiyana dzisarudzo kune chimiro. Kazhinji, dzimba dzadzo dzakashongedzwa nemabhureki uye wakasungirirwa kune screws. Izvo zvakanakira mapuranga emapuranga, asi kwete epurasitiki kana aluminium. Mukutanga kesi, hwindo raro thermometers paVelcro akakodzera. Indoor meterans chero inorembera pamadziro, kana kuisa pasherufu kana countertop.
Pasinei nerudzi rwechiridzwa, iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa kune zviri nyore kushanda kwayo. Kunyanya zvine chekuita nekuvengwa kwechiyero. Iyo yekupedza kudzidza haifanirwe kuvezwa, kuve yakajeka uye inosiyanisa zvakanyanya negirazi remawindo rakachenurwa kana murima reSteam. Thermometers uye mamwe magirazi egirazi ari pane kusasimba uye anofanira kunge ari kunze kwekuwana kwevana. Kune zvakare zvakare akakosha thermometers yehupfumi hwevana hunoitwa kubva kunze kwepurasitiki. Kune yekugeza uye saunas zvakare inowanikwa midziyo inowanikwa nePurasitiki kana yehuni-kesi. Muviri wakafanana haugone kudziya uye kushandira chikonzero chekupisa.
Analog meteorological zvishandiso zvakakurumbira seSouvenir zvigadzirwa. Vazhinji vakasiyana-siyana veTormometers, barometer, hygrometers "mukuita kwesangano rekare", Humambo hunoitwa kubva kune oak array, Beech, Ash, zvidimbu zvesimbi - allolls alloys. Mari yemutengo wezvakadai zvingave zvakasiyana, kubva pamadhora makumi maviri kusvika pamadhora.
Achifarira iyo inonzi inonamira yamhepo yewaya yeBuoyancy, yakagadzirwa neiyo Italian Astronomer Galileo Galileem (1564-1642). Ichi chishandiso chinosungwa chakasungwa chisina kuchena chine mvura, mukati mei "chinotakura" mabhora akati wandei-mavara. Mabhora abhabhora akazara kana tembiricha ikawasuka, uye posvava zvakare kana iyo mvura muTermometer yapazaniswa. Inotaridzika chaizvo. Galileo Thermomoters anogadzirwa neTFA Destmann (Germany), Viking AB (Sweden), Karl Koch uye Mira, kubva pamadhora 10-15 kusvika pamadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu.
Kufungidzira kwemamiriro ekunze musainzi
Dhijitari emamiriro ekunze anoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvechokwadi, haakwanisi kukwikwidza nehunyanzvi hwekuita nehunyanzvi hwekurongeka kwemhedzisiro yakawanikwa, asi zvakare mutengo wakachipa zvakanyanya. Mhando dzinosvika dzisingadhuri dzinodhura vatengi pamadhora makumi mashanu. Nekudaro, semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zveOregon Sainzi (Hong Kong), TFA Destmann, Viking AB. Chishandiso chechiteshi ichi hachisi chakasiyana: Iyo huru unit ine processor uye kuratidzwa pamwe kubva kune imwe kusvika kune matatu kure tembiricha, humidity uye kumanikidzwa.
Zvikuru zvemamiriro ekunze uye zvakakwirira zvemhando yepamusoro zvakashongedzerwa nehuwandu hukuru hwevanhurume, nekuda kwekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze kwakavimbika. Saka, "zvakakomba" mhando kubva kuOregon Science neDavis Zviridzwa (USA) vakashongedzerwa naAmbian, vanonerera, solar uye vourtraviolic kuyerwa sensors sensors. Kufunga kunoitwa pamusoro pehwaro hwekudzvinyirirwa kwemweya, mhepo, mhepo, kushinga, humbozha, geographic kureba. Saizvozvo, mutengo wezviteshi izvi zvakakwirira zvakakwirira uye zvinosvika pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe. Kunze, hunyanzvi hwakadaro hunowanzoshandiswa chete nevaridzi venyika dzenyika, asi zvakare pazvinhu zvese zvehunyanzvi, semuenzaniso, zvese zvigadzirwa zvebindu nemapurazi.
Kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvakasiyana kwete chete nehuwandu hwevanhurume uye nekujeka kweiyo fungidziro yekufungidzira, asiwo kutaridzika kwedzimba uye kuratidzwa kwemabasa ekuwedzera. Dzimba dzakawanda dzinowanzove neiyo yakasimba rectangular chimiro. Misiyano yakawanda mukuratidzira kuratidza. Inoisa yekuonekwa inoshandiswa inoshandiswa akasiyana siyana mapikicha ekufungidzira maitiro ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Ive neshuwa kuti ive nechokwadi kuti vasati vatenga kuti mifananidzo yese inzwisisike pfungwa dzinonzwisisika.
Ongororawo "kuverenga kwe" ruzivo rwedhijitari. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanira kutumidzwa kutumidzwa kuti neUltraviolet radiation sensors iyo inogona kuve neyekuimba mamiriro ekunze, Bar98888hg Ssainzi, Rst-02937 kubva kuTrst Sweden (Sweden). Sensor akadaro anonyanya kubatsira kune vanodiwa vezuva - nerubatsiro rwaro, maitiro ayo anoverengera uye anoratidza kuratidzwa kwenguva yekuchengetedza kweganda, iyo yeganda yeganda uye tsika dzezuva rakashandiswa kwavari.
Chimwe chinhu chinobatsira ndechekuti mukana wekubatanidza kune komputa yako wega - semuenzaniso, muWMR 928 NX mhando kubva kuOregon vesainzi uye vechikepe pro kubva kuDavon zviridzwa. Komputa yacho inokutendera kuti ubatanidze nhandare yeMeterological "meteorological network", ongorora ruzivo rwunowanikwa kubva kuvavakidzani uye kurongedza rondedzero chaiyo.
Nekubatsira kweiyo ultrasonic "Windscreen Winder" Windscrreen "mumunda, iwe unogona kuona iyo average kumhanya mhepo, pamwe nekukwira kwayo (pamwe nekukasira) uye kukosha kushoma. Iyo mhando yemigwagwa inoyerwa ndeyekubva kune 0.4 kusvika pamakiromita zana negumi neawa (mudziyo unogona kuburitsa tsika uye mumakiromita akajairwa eEuropean). Vashandisi vakuru veichi mudziyo vatambi (yachtsons, distlaplaneers iyo.d.)
Tsime-remunhu rinoenderana nemichero. Saka, vanhu vakasununguka kwazvo vanonzwa pakupisa kwe20-26 ° C, kunyorova kwe40-65% uye kumanikidzwa kweanenge 760 mmrt. Kupisa, kudzvinyirira kwakaderera kwakanganisa hutano hwevanhu vanotambura kubva kuzvirwere zvechirwere zvechirwere, kunyorova kwakawedzera kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kweasthma. Kune vanhu vakadaro, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvakakosha
Mune iyo mamiriro ekunze chiteshi cheki pro pamwe, sensor set yakagadzirwa mune fomu yebhavhu rimwe. Zvekushanda kwakaringana, tembiricha uye humidity sensors yakashongedzwa nekuvandudza masisitimu ekudzivirira ane fan
Kana iyo cottage mune sensors ...
Iko kururamisa kweiyo meterachiikov kuverenga zvakananga kunoenderana nekuti ndedzipi pfungwa dzako dzavanowanikwa. Ndokumbira utarise kuti munzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzeSensors dze "Zvakakomba" zviteshi zvingangodaro zvisina kukodzera. Hazvidikanwe kuti uvasungirire kunze kwehwindo, Gomo imba yekugara padenga, zvakare. Aesley place sensors zvisizvo, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinogona kupa pachena zvisiri izvo.
Semuenzaniso, tembiricha sensors (uye kujairika mumigwagwa maTermometers) haigone kuiswa pasi pemwaranzi yezuva- chete mumumvuri. Chero zvazvingaitika, hazvikurudzirwe kuvasimbisa pedyo neyekudziya nzvimbo, semuenzaniso, denga rine kumberi kwekucheka. Denga retsimba dzakawanda-dzimba dzisina kukodzera, nekuti kune mhepo ine simba inoyerera ichipoterera zvivakwa uye iyo yemazuva ese tembiricha ichave yakawandisa. Izvo zvakanaka kuronga kuti tevere sensor meterachka. Iri ibhokisi diki (rinenge 4040 masero) nechena, achiratidza madziro akajeka emadziro, pamwe neZuva neVisa vevhisi. Metelechka inowanzoiswa pakukwira kwe22-.5 m kubva pasi, pane imwe chinhambwe kubva kune chero zvivakwa zvakakura (chinhambwe kwavari hazvifanirwe kunge zvisingasviki hafu yekukwira kweimba, kuti mhedzisiro yekuyerera iri kuderedzwa).
Barometers uye Wainiya anoiswa zvakare pamusoro wepasi, pakukwirira kwe 2m. Avot anemometers inofanira kukwidziridzwa kumusoro, ne10-20m kubva pasi. Izvi zvishandiso zvekunyanyisa hazvitye, saka zvine musoro kuti uzvisungirire pagondo redenga, semagariro akajairwa. Metaorologists "yekuzvinatsa kwekuedza" gadzira anemometers pane zvakakosha masti. Panguva imwe chete, iyo nzvimbo yetizi inofanira kunge iri yakavhurika, isina zvivakwa kana miti, iri nani pane chikomo.
Kumanikidzwa kwemudenga kunoenderana nekukwirira pamusoro pegungwa kune chiyero chinoitwa. Naizvozvo, iyo calibration yeAnalog Barometer inodiwa usati warishandisa. Inoitwa uchishandisa iyo screw inogadzirisa iri kumashure kwedzimba. Kunyatsoisa chishandiso, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa kuverenga kweimwe barometer kana mamiriro ekunze fungidziro data. Usati wabvisa ufakazi kuti uve nechokwadi chekururamisa kwakakura, iwe unofanirwa kugogodza pagirazi rechishandiso.
Analog Hygrometer inofanira kutariswa kamwe chete pagore. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuputira mudziyo mumucheka wakanyorova. Mushure menguva yakati, iyo hutschrometer inofanira kuratidza 94-96% humidity. Kana izvi zvisiri izvo, zvinoreva kuti inofanira kugadziriswa. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa nekufambisa ndiro yekuchinjisa ndiro pamadziro kumashure kwedzimba.
Zvizhinji zvemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze anopihwa neasina waya sensors inoendesa ruzivo pane redhiyo chiteshi. Izvo zvakanakira, sezvo varidzi havafanirwe kutyora musoro wavo uko kuvanza worse wiring. Wireless Sensors vane akasiyana radius yechiito - kubva makumi matatu kusvika 100m. Kana iri yekugadzirisa kwavo basa, inouya kuzochenesa mukombe weanonaya kubva pakurova marara ake (zviri nani, nenzira, chishandiso ichi chinowanikwa kubva pamiti) uye kutsiva mabhatiri ekuzvitonga. Posnovna sensors ndeye ehupfumi, bhatiri rinoverengerwa pasina kanopfuura kamwe pagore. Asi kunyange kamwe chete pagore kukwira padenga "kushanya kune anemometer" haina kunaka kwazvo. Naizvozvo, mumhando dzazvino, anemometers inopa simba rekuwedzera kubva mumapaneru emwenje. Mhedzisiro yekutsiva kwebhatiri inodiwa kamwe chete makore mashoma. Achigara nguva yese yaungave kushandisa pakudzidza kwezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike zvechisikigo uye mhedzisiro yechiteshi chako chemamiriro ekunze.
Vagadziri vanovonga kambani "Solomon Car", "Laboratori yeTekinoroji Home ".Homeau Boutique Network, Le Reimitive Hofisi yeOregon Science yekubatsira zvinhu.