Zvese nezve-yakaderera-yazvino network inopa kutaurirana kwakakwirira muzvivakwa zvekugara, basa rerareveri, radio, auto otomatiki, makomputa, nezvimwe.
Kureba kweiyo yakaderera-yazvino netiweki yezvinangwa zvakasiyana siyana mumisha yemazuva ano inoverengwa nemakiromita
Kuti udzivise kupindira uye manhamba kukuvara, mamwe mabandi emaruwa anogumiswa mune simbi
Tambo dzisina kuderera dzinogona kuiswa muPVC mapipi
Yakagadzirwa nenzira yakavhurika iyo yakaderera-yekumhanyisa wiring yakavanzika kuseri kwemuswe plasterboard madziro uye ceillings
Metement Trys anoshandiswa kuti kuve nyore kurara huwandu hwe waya dzewaya mune timu yehunyanzvi.
Matairesi ekudzikira-voltage network anoitwa seyakagadzirwa seyemagetsi magetsi matai
Iyo yakaderera-ikozvino network chikamu chakakosha chemidziyo yejinjini yedzimba dzazvino dzekugara. Pasina ivo, kutaurirana kwakakura hakugone, terevhizheni, redhiyo, mota dzemusha dzisingashande, usashande kubva kune mumwe nemumwe makomputa. Ndezvipi zvakaderera-zvazvino netiwe uye ndedzipi mikana yavo mufurati zvivakwa?
Waya masevhisi
Vashoma vedu vanofunga nezvechinangwa chemayawa uye tambo chisingazivikanwe naiye uye kana vakatenderwa kubva pane imwe denga kuenda kune rimwe, vakasungirirwa kune vateresi vepasi.
Zvichava nezve loctage yakaderera mitezo inopa tambo terevhizheni, terlephony neInternet, moto uye yekuchengetedza masisitimu, midziyo yemakomputa, makomputa emuno muzvivakwa zvekugara. Sezvo monopoly pane zvekutengesa zviitiko zvine chekuita nemutengi masevhisi pane waya nhasi haipo, ma waya wa waya uye tambo nemarara nemhepo uye pasi pevhu nepasi pevhu nepasi pevhu. Kuisa pasi pekukurukurirana pasi pekutaurirana kunodhura zvakanyanya kudhura uye mumamiriro ezvinhu eguta hazviiti nguva dzose. Naizvozvo, waya dzevarwi-dzazvino netiwe dzinowanzove dzakarembera pamitsara yemagetsi tsigiro uye kukanda kubva kumba kuenda kuimba. Izvi zvinoitwa uye paunenge uchiisa trunk fiber leadity yekukurukurirana tambo, iyo iyo masaini inotumirwa semwenje yemwenje. Kana zvisingakwanise kutambanudza waya kune chinhu nemhepo kana nzira yepasi pevhu, zviratidzo zvinotapukira uchishandisa radio radio.
Kuwana muchivako kuburikidza neimba yekamuri kana pasi uye maropa epasi uye mangozi ari kunyatsojekeswa nekuda kweizvozvo zvinangwa izvi, izvo zviviri kana kupfuura simbi inchapundu, uye kutambanudza kugovera pfungwa. Izvi zvinhu zvine chimiro chekukwira mapaneru kana kuyambuka, izvo, zvakare, zvakaiswa pasi kana madziro emakabati uye ma racks. Dzimba dzekuvharirwa dzakavakwa pamapurojekiti ezana ramakore rechi20, mumidziyo yekuparadzira (yemagetsi mapaneru) yekugovera mapoinzi ezvipfuyo, sekutonga, chikamu chakakosha chinoratidzwa. Zvivakwa zvezuva nezuva zvakashongedzwa neine simba-kuchengetedza emagetsi, nhoo dzakasiyana dzakashongedzerwa izvi zvinangwa. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti voltage mumasokisi akadzika-mambure ane makore 12-24V, uye maWores anoyera mazviri anoyerwa muMilliampemes Ivo vanosanganisirwa muhurongwa hwese hwekuenzanisa zvinhu uye pasi nemirairo yeiyo yemagetsi yekuisa mudziyo.
Zvino kusarudzika kwemasworks epasi-epasi kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa, sezvo hofisi yemuya yemagweta hombe yakatorwa huwandu hwekuvimbisa zvirongwa zvekugadzira masisitimu ezvekushandisa masisitimu uye maguta network intranet. Iko kutapurirana kwechiratidzo mukati mavo kunoitwa kunyanya pamawa. Saka, muDunhu riri pedyo neMoscow, kuedza kwesangano rine hunyanzvi uye mutengesi waro, network yemhirizhonga inopedzwa. Vanyoreri vayo vanonakidzwa nemahara eInternet yekuwana ruzivo rwemuno ruzivo, zvakanyorwa pane zvekutambira kune vanachiremba, kubhadhara maakaunzi aThe. Zvikuru zvevagari vazhinji uye vakaisa hurongwa hwekuchengetedzeka uye vhidhiyo kuongororwa mumakamuri avo, kugamuchira ruzivo nezve mamiriro ezvinhu ezvekugara munzvimbo dzekugara.
Ndeapi masangano ane kodzero yekukwira mumisha yedzimba-dzazvino network, ndedzipi kodzero uye zvisungo, ndeipi mutoro wavanotakura pamberi pemutengi uye iyo imba iripo? Netsika, maCoin City ekukurukurirana ane kodzero dzekuita rudzi urwu rwebasa (nhare dzemahara uye nemabhizimusi emapuranga, uye mabhizinesi emunharaunda anoona mhedzisiro yeTerevhizheni uye tambo terevhizheni. Masangano aya ane marezinesi ehushumiro hwekutaurirana nezvebasa mumunda wekutaurirana kwakaderera. Iko kuitwa kwebasa kwakatangira nemhedziso yechibvumirano nemunhu akazvimirira, kana zvasvika pakureva kana kuti redhiyo pane imwe imba (HWU, dez kana imwe sangano rekushandisa), kana iri kuisirwa yeiyo general-ushamwari tambo network. Kodzero uye zvisungo zvemapato zvinoratidzwa, zvirango zvinotaurwa. Iyo Refraser yekushanduka kwedzimba dzedzimba uye mapoinzi ekodzero yekodzero yerudzi urwu rwebasa yakagamuchira akasiyana emabhizinesi ekutengesa. Ivo zvakare vane marezinesi emubatanidzwa ekuisirwa kwekutaurirana kwakaderera. Aya masangano ari kuita imba yaakapiwa Internet uye tambo mitsara (inosanganisira fiber optic) terevhizheni, kuisirwa midziyo yekutarisa uye manhamba ekuongorora uye kuita kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana. Hukama hwavo nemutengi ari pamutemo zvakapihwa neChinjanzvi.
Ratidziro Yekutsigira
Zuva riri pedyo, kana rakakamurwa-voltage yakaderera-voltage midziyo yezvivakwa zvivakwa zvinotanga kusanganisa mune yakarongedzwa tambo masisitimu (SCS), sezvinoitwa mumahofisi emazuva ano. Chii chinonzi SCS? Ichi chiitiko chinosarudzika telecompoline of chivakwa chivakwa chivakwa chivakwa, chakagadzirirwa kuendesa masaini emhando dzese, kusanganisira kutaura, ruzivo uye vhidhiyo. SCS inogona kushandawo kwete muchivako muchivakwa, asi chete pane imwe nzvimbo yakapatsanurwa kana kunyange mufurati.Iyo SCS yakavakwa nenzira yekuti kuburikidza neyese interface (kubatana kune iyo system) inogona kuiswa mune chero ipi zvayo yemasishini. Semuenzaniso, wana kubva kune iyo network vhidhiyo firimu, chirongwa cheterevhizheni kana kutaura parunhare. Mune ino kesi, kune mitsara miviri yakakwana munzvimbo yebasa. Cockpage, sekutonga, batanidza komputa uye TV kune yechipiri-foni. Mabhokisi ari kumhanyisa kubva kumabasa kusvika kugovera mapoinzi (mapaneru umo midziyo yekuchinja inowanikwa). Zvikwata zvinoparidzwa zvinosanganiswa nemitsetse yemazimbe, uye ivo vatobatana neiyo huru network netambo kuenda kuimba inouya.
Kusuwa neruzivo rwakaparadzanisa uye runhare network zvine masaya ane zvakanakira. Kutanga, hurongwa hwacho hwakasiyana: Unogona kubatanidza foni uye tv, uye komputa kune imwe tambo. Kechipiri, iri hurongwa hwakavhurika. Zvinoita kuti ushandise chero standard network midziyo yevadzidzi vakasiyana-siyana uye vanobvumira panguva imwe chete yekushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana mhando network (mitemo nemirairo yezviratidzo zvemashoko). Izvi zvakakosha nekuti maProtocol zvishandiso zvekugadzira zvakasiyana-siyana hazvigone kuenderana. Chero chipi zvacho chemagetsi chemagetsi chaunotengwa, chichashanda pane network. Yetatu, iyo SCS ine huwandu hwakawandisa hwekutakura data: kubva ku100 KBPs zvekushandisa zvinosvika zviuru gumi zvembaps kuti uwane ruzivo rwekushandisa. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuchengetedza mari iyo isu tinobhadhara iyo foni uye yeInternet panguva yakatarwa.
Nezvese zvakanakira zviyero zvine ruzivo rwakakosha: ichiri nzira. Nekudaro, zvekushanda kwakajairika, network inofanirwa kuiswa mariri yekuvandudzwa kwakazotevera. Aya ndiwo masero ekuwedzera mumakero ekubatanidza ekubatanidza waya uye tambo, uye chiratidzo amplifile anoshandiswa nemitsara yemabhiza, uye tambo ine hunhu hwakakwira kuve nechokwadi chekuita zvishandiso, uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Parizvino, iyi mafaro ndeye 3-4 kakawanda kudhura kupfuura kuisirwa kwemunhu akadzika-euritors.
Regulatory Vacuum
Yatove nhasi, iyo automation inokura uye iyo internet yeimba yedzimba inoda kubva kune vagadziri vekutorwa kwekutorwa kwemidziyo yakakwirira-tech. Zvichakadaro, zvakafanira zvakanyanya kune izvi kune izvi, zvakapfuura, izvo zvinyorwa zvekuzvidzora mukuvaka mudzimba hazvisi kushanda.
Vagadziri uye vanoisa vevanyori-zvazvino netiweki vakamanikidzwa kunakidzwa muna 1998. Simba repamutemo "nekuvaka maindasitiri uye tekinoroji zviyero zvekuiswa kwekutaurirana kwekutaurirana, nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo uye terevhizheni yeOst-600-93 Ushumiri hweRussia." Cererage, mavari nekuda kwezvikonzero zvechinangwa hazvitorerwe shanduko mukuiswa kwemidziyo yakadzika-zvazvino uye magesi ekutaurirana kwakaitika mumakore gumi apfuura. Sezvo mazhinji ezvidzidzo uye zvishandiso zvakatiwira kubva kunze kwenyama, nhungamiro dzazvino-dziripo, zviyero uye zvinyorwa zveDhipatimendi zvinowirirana nenyika dzeEurope, asi hazvina pamutemo simba munyika medu. Aya ndiwo maInternational Norms iso / ies11801, European en50173, American Ansi / Tia / Eia-568-a. Nhungamiro dzinoshanda dzinoshandiswa kudzidziswa makosi uye mirayiridzo yakakura yemidziyo yemari yakaderera, yakadai se "yakaringana yeCommunity kosi yeiyo e e eib"
Nekudaro, tambo yekubatanidza muInternet Networks inodiwa kuti ateedzere pamwe neInternational Nharaunda iso / IEC101, kirasi, iyo Internet Network mangozi yechishanu uye yechitanhatu. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinoenderana, semuenzaniso, FTP, Stp, Stp table Didamita yeAxam 2 kana 4 Zvigadzirwa zveNexans (France), PC NET ), "Speckabel" (Russia) IDR. Idzi tambo yemagetsi zvichienderana neyakawirwa nekudzvanywa nekudzikiswa kwezana zana, zana nemakumi mairi nemakumi mashanu neshanu. Iyo yakaderera-magetsi magetsi anonyanya kushandiswa kuendesa data neClock Frequency kuenda ku1 MHZ, nepo matombo emitambo anopa kuendesa data ye data yakakwira. Sezvo nzira dzekupedzisira, dzinoshandiswa kuisa kumashure network. Kuisirwa kwemukati network kunowanzogadzirwa nemaroyi yemagetsi netambo.
COL pasi kuti ubatanidze kupi kuisa?
Kunyangwe magwaro ekudzokorora pane zvakaderera-zvazvino manhamba munyika yedu hazvina kukwana, "muti wehupenyu wakareruka girini." Nyanzvi inotungamirwa ne chero zvinyorwa. Zvese zviri mumatanda epamba uye wekunze wekuisa madhiri emabhokisi uye mashura ekushandisa midziyo, maSistally emasosi-azvino netiweti anotevera mitemo isina kunyanya kusiyana mumataurire ekunze uye epamba. Maererano neOsf-600-93, chinhambwe pakati penharubozha uye kupfuura yakagadzirirwa waya yemwenje yemwenje kana wiring yemagetsi inofanira kunge ichingori 25mm. Chinhu chinodiwa chakadai chine chekuita network pane iyo analog masaini (runhare rwetsika, radio, terevhizheni) inoendeswa. Sezvo masaini madimikira anoshandiswa muInternet telephony, mindaneti ekupindira haawanikwe nekuda kwekutapurirana kwavo kwehunhu hwakakosha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chinhambwe pakati pemitsetse yeInternet uye iyo yemagetsi emagetsi inogona kuve yakaderera.
Inorambidzwa kutanga iyo waya yepasi-yarwo uye tambo mumatanda emagetsi marita, nekuti kana iri musimba kana kupenya kwemagetsi emagetsi magetsi, zvinokwanisika kupinda mumasokisi epasi. Ateda yatove yakakwenenzverwa nekukuvara kwemidziyo inodhura. Kana kuyambuka tambo dzematangi makuru dzinofanirwa kunge zvisina musungwa kumadziro, asi kuti zvidiki kwazvo kubva kumusoro kana pazasi (mukurohwa). Iwe unogona kuona cacacitance yemabhokisi nekutarisa mune inokwidza chirongwa uko chiratidzo chavo chinoratidzwa. Mabhokisi akaiswa kunze kwechivakwa pasi pePIGAGE PIPES, masitepisi emoto nemahwindo, anofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva mukukuvara kwemuchina nesimbi. Mabhokisi ekugovera anofanirwa kuve ari pamadziro ari kure kweanenge 300mm kubva padenga. Kuisa mabhokisi emabhokisi epamusoro pamusoro pemasuo, kuvhurika nemahwindo haatenderwe.
Yakabatanidzwa nenzira yakavhurika kana yekuvanzika yefoni yekunyorera kutumira track (kubva kuBhokisi rekuparadzira parunhare) rinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa:
Iva kapfupi uye wakananga;
Funga nezve nzvimbo munzvimbo yemasangano emagetsi, redhiyo redhiyo uye zvimwe zvikwangwani uye zvinopindirana navo zvakanyanya sezvazvinogona;
Mukati mevarwi, kana wiring yakazaruka, ichipfuura nemadziro pakukwira kwe2,3 32m kubva pasi uye anopfuura 50mm kubva padenga; Kana yakavanzika, ipapo pamatanho ezvipenga zvemari pane chero nzira yekureba.
Wiring kune iyo terminal mudziyo unofanirwa kuitwa ne waya yakasimba, kupuruzira hakubvumirwe. Mafafoni anoenda mune imwe nzira anofanirwa kuiswa mufanelel, padhuze nemumwe. Neyekuisa kwemhepo kuimba yenhamba yefoni padenga padenga kana kubva pamiriri, zvinodikanwa kuti uise nzvimbo iri mumba (kazhinji muAttic) yekudzivirira mudziyo (AZU), iyo inofanira kuvharwa.
Network yekupararira kweWired (Yayo kuwanikwa mudzimba kunosungirwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yeshumiro yemamiriro ekukurumidzira), sekutonga, kunoitwa neyekuvanzika (muzvikamu zvakavanzika (mumadziro, madziro, anowira pasi). Nekunze, kana tambo dzerunhare network uye njanji yeruneti uye ndebvu dzemvura dzakarongwa mubhokisi rezvematongerwo enyika, zvinokosha kuremekedza chinhambwe pakati pavo kuti vabvise pesvedzero yeradio kuteedzana kwefoni. Ichi chinhambwe chinofanira kunge chingangoita 50mm pakureba kwemutsara 70m, 15mm nehurefu hwe 10m.
Kana iri tambo dzekushanda nemidziyo yakagadzirirwa kutapurirwa kwakakwirira-mhanyisa ruzivo (Texevhizheni, INTERN, IP Licterphony), ivo vanogona zvakare kuiswa zvakavanzika uye kuvhurika. Wiring yakavanzwa mune ino nyaya inoitwa muPVC-marara pasi peiyo yakasimudzwa pasi uye mune sungai yemapuranga, kumashure kwemaswe okumiswa uye nemuswe, pamwe nemadziro mumigwagwa. Zvisikwa zvisina kusimba zvine maviri kana anopfuura telecommunation connection mune zviitiko zvakadaro zvinoiswa pasi pehorfa nemadziro. Gasket rakavhurika remahara-razvino netiketi mumatanda emabhawa anowanzoitwa, asi zvinogona kuitwa kana varidzi vezvipfeko hazvirambe kutaridzika kwemahofisi ehofisi. Nechero chero pakati pematanda uye zvigadziko zvemagetsi emagetsi uye tambo dzenzvimbo dziripo uye zvigadziko, zvinodikanwa kuti zvinyararire kuenderana nemitemo yacho.
Kuchengetedza zvishandiso kubva pachiitiko chekusarongeka kweseti network uye emukati madhiri, iwo magetsi emitsetse yemasiripiti epareri uye vhidhiyo inofanirwa kuvharwa. Chinhu chinodiwa chakadai chiri muUS Standard J-STD-607-a 2002. "Joint standard. Zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa uye zvemagetsi zvinongedzo zvefoni zvinyorwa zvezvivakwa zvekutengeserana." Matairi ekusimbisa ari ega copper anozvibata nechikamu chemuchinjiko kusvika 95mm2 (zvichienderana nekureba). Ivo vanobatanidza dzimba dzesimbi dzezvinhu zvekugovera zvine mutsara wepasi. Compounds inogona kuitwa nenzira yeInoxide (screws, mabhegi), pamwe naiyo isothermal wong. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero hachigoneki kuvhu, waya dzakadzivirirwa uye iyo skrini yakadzika.
Yakawanda sei masevhisi ekuisa kune yakaderera-voltage network mufurati zvivakwa? Ngatimbotii, zvinofadza, kwete zvakachipa. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mushandisi anobhadhara kwete chete ekuisa basa, zvakabatanidzwa mukuradzika kuimba yetambo, pamwe nekuderera kwemidziyo yekutanga. Naizvozvo, zvichienderana nedanho rekutendeukira kwenzvimbo, mutengo wekushambadzira wekubatanidza foni muMoscow Region kubva pamadhora mazana mana kusvika pamadhora 1,200. Iyo yakasarudzika internet mutsara unodhura madhora zana uye zvakanyanya kudhura, iyo yakaenzana iyo yakakodzera kuisa iyo furati intercom. Kuisirwa kwemasisitimu ekudzivirira, vhidhiyo yekuongorora, odhiyo uye vhidhiyo masisitimu anofungidzirwa zvichienderana nekuoma kwebasa, huwandu hwemidziyo uye huwandu hwemakamuri. Iyo plug iri kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu kusvika pamadhora zviuru zvishanu kana kupfuura. Iko kuiswa kweSCS kuri paavhareji $ 30 pamutsetse, kusanganisira kuedzwa kwayo uye chitupa (pasina kuchinjika uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa). Pasi pemutsara unonzwisisika sechidimbu chedombo kubva kune chero nzvimbo yekuparadzira kune iyo socket kana kune iyo yekubatanidza yekubatanidza. Tambo mbiri dzinofambiswa ne crab.
Tsika dzekutaurirana nzanga dzinouya. ILIDI, uyo nekuda kwechikonzero chero chipi zvacho zvisingafarire zvizere maitiro emazuva ano ekukurukurirana, njodzi mune imwe "yakanaka" nguva kuti ive kunze kwenyika yenyika dzakabudirira.
Iyo yedhodhi yebhodhi yekutenda kambani "Cascade kuwedzera", "Ecolan Tech", "INTERNETMad", "magetsi emagetsi" ekubatsirwa mukugadzirira zvinhu.