Vazhinji vanogadzira vanhu vemunhu mumwe nemumwe vanotarisana nedambudziko rekutaura. Kazhinji mutengesi wemunharaunda anokwanisa kurasa simba rinobvumira rakaringana kunze kwekuvhenekerwa kweimba yenyika, asi kwete imba yemazuva ano yekugara. Maitiro ekupinda magetsi kuimba pasina kutyora maitiro aripo nemirairo?
Kuda haina kukuvadza
Kana iwe wakatenga imba iri mune yekugadziriswa kweganda nemagariro anodiwa rutsigiro, iyo nyaya yekuwanikwa kwesimba kweimba yako yatogadziriswa. Inc. Nevatongi kana vanogadzira vanoisa kutsiva neimwe kana maviri simba shanduko masimba akaverengerwa, 630 KVA, ayo anoshandura vhisi ye6-10 kV muna 220-380v. Zvinetso zvinomuka kana uchiedza kuvaka imba kana kuvhenekera iyo iripo yemagetsi yekuisa yeimba mumisha, misha, umo simba rekutsiva kwemuno harina kukwana. Rengwa neiyi simba pavanofarira, nzira yepamutemo iri yakaoma kwazvo.
Ngatitii mvumo yekugadzira imba yako inopiwa neyenzvimbo yemuno grid. Kana usati watanga dhizaini, inodikanwa kuraira basa rehunyanzvi hwekubatanidza magetsi ekuisa kweiyo network. Mushandisi wetemberi anofanira kufungidzira zvakajeka kuti ndewe magetsi emagetsi (boiler, maruva anodziya, mhepo yekudziya, masimba emba) achaparadza simba rekuisa yemagetsi kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuvhiya. Masikati, ichatsemura kubva pakuda kuchinja kune chirongwa kana kuvakwazve kwemagetsi kuisirwa magetsi.
Basa rehunyanzvi rinokweverwa pamusoro pehwaro hwetsamba dzakatumirwa kuinjiniya wesangano rekupa simba nechikumbiro chekubatanidza technical yekubatanidza rimwe simba rinoratidza chikamu chesimba rekupa simba kumba. Tsamba yacho inofanira kuperekedzwa nezvinyorwa zvekurudyi-nzvimbo: Nzvimbo yesaiti uye zvivakwa pasi, chiratidzo chepasi chaicho chekuve neyakagadzirirwa kuvakwa kweimba, kurongwa nemasangano mazhinji: Goggaz, Rostelelecom, vodokul, iyo EDR Simba GRDS IST. Signature yavo inosimbisa kuvapo kana kusavapo kwekutaurirana ndekwekuti kana padhuze nendima yako. Tsamba iyi inoonekwa muPTO wedunhu kana network network. Panhanho yekubatanidza basa rehunyanzvi, iro simba grid kana rinobvumira kubatana, kana kupa kurudziro chaiyo izvo zvinoda kuitwa kugadzirisa dambudziko. Alarm kana tambo yakaderera voltage tambo (0.4 kv) tambanudza kune iyo yekutsiva iri pedyo (kana ikholamu), iyo simba ripi rinogoverwa pakati pevashandisi zvakabatana nazvo; Mune imwe, mubvunzo unogadziriswa neyekugovaniswa kwesimba nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvinhu izvo zvinoparara zvisina musoro. Pane zvakare sarudzo yechitatu - kuvakwa kwekutsiva kwayo.
Fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo imba yakamiswa pedyo neyekuru simba rekutapisa mutsara necreacity ye 35 kwand. Zvinonzwisisika, nekubvumirana kwemupi wemagetsi, iwe unogona kubatana netiweki kuburikidza neyemunhu anoderedza shanduko. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, mitemo yemidziyo yemagetsi yekuisa yerudzi urwu haina kupihwa. Mukuwedzera zviitiko, mhepo kana tambo yakadzika voltage tambo yakatemwa mutsara wekutsiva padyo, uye simba rayo rakagoverwa pakati pevashandisi vakabatana. Kana iyo backup yekubatanidza yakanga isiri, iyo chete yekubuda yakasara: Chinja iyo transformer kusvika kune yakasimba. Ehezve, pakubhadharwa kwemunyorerwo achangobva kubatana. Kubatanidza: Iyo mutengo weshanduro yepamba yekuchinja kwezana 100 kava ndeye60-80 zviuru zvenduru.
Nekudaro, dambudziko ndiko kuiswa kweiyo transformer substation uye zvishandiso zvinosanganisirwa mukiti yayo. Semutemo, spurformer yekutsanangura mumaruwa ine fomu yeKiosk yakaiswa pambiru kune iyo nhanho inotungamira. Uyu mutambo uyu unoda huwandu hunokosha kwazvo. Zviri zvakare kudzidzira kuisirwa kwesimba revatashi pane zvakakosha masti. Kana dzimba nyowani dzichivaka munharaunda yemusha, uye kubviswa kwenyika pasi pekutsiva hakuna kupihwa, mutengi achasangana nechido chekugadzirisa nyaya iyi nekutora chikamu chemugadziri wemunharaunda. Haisi chokwadi chekuti achakurumidza kupinda mukuvandudza kweanovandudza. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, compact column transformers (mini-subts) inoshandiswa mune dzakadaro, iro simba ripi rinoita kuti ubatanidze kune iyo maineti mainini kubva kune mana emachira. Aya transformers yakaiswa pane zvakajairika (huni kana yakasimbiswa kongiri) inotsigira inotaridzika. Ivo "Hardy" - Bvumira zvakadzora kusvika 40% ne peak mutoro; Yakashongedzwa ne-autirwo yakavakirwa uye, kunyanya kukosha, hazvidi kugadziriswa. Makambani makuru eMaguta eMaguta anogadzira zvishandiso zvakadaro: semuenzaniso, Germany Abb, Nokia, American Howard. Mitengo inonamira mukati me $ 3500-4000. Iyo pirlar inoshandura esimba rimwe chete reiyo Belarusian, Ukraine, kugadzirwa kweRussia kwakapetwa kaviri. Musiyano mukuru pakati peAnalogues dzakagadzirwa muRussia neCIS, ndedzekuti dzingada basa rekugara, dziwanzoita kuti vavege vane magetsi anokwanisa kuve nemagariro emamiriro ezvinhu emunharaunda.
Ella Sirotina, Nyanzvi yeDhiza Dhizaini yeRoyal Magetsi JSC
Zvinodiwa zvinodiwa zveProjekiti zvinyorwa zveMagetsi magetsiIyo Simba Rekupa Projekiti Yakaitwa pane iyo Technical mamiriro eSimba Simba Sangano Rinofanira kusanganisira:
1. Iyo huru yemadhirowa ebasa; Refer uye magwaro anoenderana; Cherechedzo Cherechedzo. Izvi zvinotevera zvinoratidzwa:
- General ruzivo nezve magetsi kuisirwa;
- Kuverenga kwemazambiringa uye waya zvidimbu zvichienderana nere;
- Kuverengera kwepfupi dunhu redunhu, kurasikirwa kweiyo voltage pane iyo kure kure kwedunhu remagetsi;
- mhedzisiro yekuongorora otomatiki pane yekubvisa kugona;
- sangano rekuzvidavirira magetsi;
-zvinodiwa zvekuisa migwagwa mikuru yekare uye neboka network;
- kurudziro yemheni yekudzivirira;
- Kuvhara mudziyo;
- zviyero pane sangano rekuchengetedza kwemagetsi.
2. Rimwe-rakagadziriswa simba rekupa zano neiyo dhizaini yeiyo mhando uye chikamu chemuchinjiko chembambo dzekupa, waya; Nenzira dzekuisa kwavo uye nhamba pamagazini yematare.
Kubata kweimwe-mutsara weKumusoro Circument Corted Dunhu rinoratidza huwandu hwakaiswa uye hwakaverengerwa simba, zvazvino, cosf, brand uye kutaridzika kwe waya, kutarisa kwegeti yavo.
3. Equipment nzvimbo chirongwa. Inofanira kunge ichisanganiswa nehurongwa hwemagetsi grid uye kudzima mudziyo. Inclosure inoratidza nhamba uye simba revanogamuchira zvemagetsi, zvinoenderana nehurongwa husina musoro, ratidza moto uye makamuri anoputika (kuiswa kwemakamuri akasungirirwa).
4. Kufunga kweakashandiswa zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa nezvinhu.
5. Migwagwa mikuru. Vanofanira kunge iine data pamwenje yemwenje, mitsara yeboka, inoratidza iyo brand, muchikamu-chikamu uye nzira dzekuisa waya uye tambo.
Iyo yunivhesiti yepurojekiti inosanganisirawo chirongwa chenzvimbo dzekuchengetera, zvichiratidza iyo brand uye chikamu chemayawa emitsetse yeboka, p- uye kuisazve, rondedzero yemidziyo yemagetsi.
Kusunganidzwa kwemidziyo inoratidza (kana paine chero) makirasi ekuputika matunhu, kuvhenekera mwenje.
Wiring yezhizha inotungamira huwandu hwemawaya, nhamba dzeboka, ratidza nzvimbo dzekuisa dzemwenje, switches, zvigadziko, huwandu, mhando uye kukwirira kwemarambi emarambi.
Project Electrical Kuisa
Kugadzira rondedzero yemagetsi, iyo yekunze uye yemukati yemagetsi kuiswa kweimba inofanirwa kupihwa masangano ekuita rezinesi rekuita iyi yebasa rakaburitswa neNyika Indasitiri kana Federal Agency yekuvaka uye yedzimba nemashumo. Iko hakuna mikana yekubvumidzwa muzvinyorwa zvepamutemo kwe "kuruboshwe" mapurojekiti. Iyo yakapedza mapurogiramu emhando yakarongedzwa mune imwe nzvimbo yemuno simba grid uye statenergoneadzor, apo sarudzo dzinoitwa mukuenderana nemutemo.
Kuisirwa uye kutumwa kweiyo purojekiti inofanirwa kuita masangano ekuvaka uye ekuisa masangano ane rezinesi. Kuedza uye kugadzirisa zvishandiso neyekutevera magadzirirwo ezvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa nemabatirwo akaiswa kumasangano mamwe chete kana neimwe nzira, kana yekutanga ine rezinesi rekuedzwa rakapihwa neHurumende Enyika Media.
Mushure mekuiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi mumba, zvivakwa zvehupfumi uye padanho renzvimbo dzakarambidzwa nemitero yemamiriro ezvinhu inoenderana, mapasipoti ehunyanzvi emidziyo yakaiswa anofanira kuendeswa. Achifunga izvi zvinyorwa uye mhinduro dzebvunzo, iyo Babhoritari inopa chitupa chekuisa kwemagetsi zvinokonzeresa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zveElectrothermal (maRizils uye maResiators, zvivakwa zvemagetsi, zvipo zvemagetsi IDR.). Zviri pahwaro hwechitupa ichi icho mumiriri weiyo Simba resimba rutsigiro runofanirwa kuburitsa chiitiko chekubvumirwa nemagetsi kuisirwa mu network. Ipapo iyo simba grid uye muridzi weimba anosungirwa kugumisa chibvumirano pakushandiswa kwemagetsi. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanoita chiitiko chekugamuchira zvishandiso zvemhando uye kubereka chisimbiso chavo. Inconle, ita kuti simba rive iro imba. Nguva dzakasungirirwa nguva yemuno simba grid, iyo ine hondo yeiyo nzvimbo yekugara (Mutengi) pane chibvumirano, basa rekuchengetedza remuti usati wapinda maawa ekupa (Cable) kuimba.
Mubvunzo Zvakakodzera: Zvakawanda sei zvichabhadhara kune wega mutengi, iyo gasket kana simba mutsara broach kuenda kumba kwake? Iyo avhareji mutengo weiyo Simba rekugovera chirongwa chekamuri ine simba rekuisa remagetsi e5-30 pinda munharaunda yeMoscow zvine zviuru zvitanhatu kusvika pamazana matanhatu kusvika makumi matanhatu kusvika makumi mana kusvika makumi mana. Mari yemasangano ekuvaka uye masangano ekuvakwa zvinoenderana nekuoma kweiyo purojekiti uye nekuti iyo michina yakaiswa: iyo inodhura, iyo yakakwira mitengo inofungidzirwa. Izvo hazvisi chakavanzika kuti kushandiswa kwebasa remujekiti kwakachipa pane kutenderwa kwematanho mukutonga, uye ivo vangangove vashanu uye kwete gumi. Montage yeTurnkey Simba mitsara nekubatana kose ichave muridzi weimba yega yega mudunhu reMoscow mu7 kusvika mazana maviri kusvika mazana maviri kusvika mazana maviri ezviuru. Mhinduro inodhura inodhura ndeyemhepo yekuisa kune iyo imba kubva pamutsetse mukuru weiyo huru yemutsara weiyo 1 kv. Zvimwe chete, asi nekubatana kune yakakwira-voltage Spage Line uye kushandiswa kweshanduko kutsiva kuchada zvakanyanya mari yakawanda ...
Pasi kana nemhepo?
Mumwe mubvunzo unosimuka kubva kugadzirwa - rudzii rwemagetsi mutsara kusarudza? Pane nzira mbiri dzekutakura magetsi: nenzvimbo yepasi pevhu uye pamusoro pemhepo waya waya wire. Yekutanga inonyanya kufarirwa, asi inodhura 1.5-2 nguva yakawanda nekuda kwekuoma kwebasa uye mutengo wakakwira tambo. Mutengo webasa kubva pamakumi maviri nemashanu kusvika ku100% yemutengo wezvinhu nemidziyo. Nekudaro, iyo yekugovera yemagetsi kune tambo yakarongedzwa mumatangi inogona kugadzirwa kure neipi neipi uye kwete nguva dzose. Zvipingamupinyi zvave kuita zvevasina kunaka zvevatariri vesi, nzizi dzakakwira, nzizi uye miviri yemvura, inokonzeresa mumugwagwa, iyo yakatoviga munyika yekutaurirana, dzinotsauka. Paunenge uchipinda mutsara wetambo, kunyanya munguva yechando, varidzi vechando chekuchengetedza njodzi vachigara vasina simba panguva yemazuva matatu kana anopfuura, zvinotora maawa imwe kana maviri. Naizvozvo, mitsara yemagetsi inosimbisa mhinduro.
Ndege yemagetsi. Maererano nemirairo, mafaira akapomerwa, akaomeswa muHarness Harsion kune waya iri rakaparadzaniswa kana isina kugadzirwa yekutakura, inofanira kushandiswa pamusara wemagetsi. Zvekurongedza mhepo yekufambisa yemhepo uchishandisa waya iri yega (vli) nhasi shandisa-kuzvitsigira mawaya (sip). Bazi kune iyo yekuisa inobvumirwa kuitwa kuti iitwe wega, yakamonyana muHarness ne waya isina waya yekutakura.
Kugadzirwa kweiyo sip ndeye matatu chikamu cheConser Factor yakakombama kutenderedza inoshanduka inochinjika kutakura zero kubva kune inokosha Suproy Alloy Alloy Alloy. Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo yekunze mwenje uye kudzora waya inogona kuwedzerwa kune harness. Kuparadzaniswa kwasviba kunoitwa kweiyo ultraviolet radiation uye ozone, "kuyambuka" pamazinga econecular yePolythyle neyekudzvinyirira kwakararama. Iyi insulation haisi kupaza semhedzisiro yekudziya madonhwe uye waya waya oscillations mumhepo. Waya yeiyo Finnish Kambani NK Energy OY (Nokia), makambani echiFrench yemusangano, pamwe nemabhizinesi eRussia "Sevkabel", "Kusaktakabel" anogadzirwa.
Iyo Lint Highway inofanira kuitwa neheti waya yechikamu chimwe chete (kanokwana 50mm2). Kusimbisa, Sip yekubatanidza uye yekuwana kuti iite uchishandisa yakakosha mutsara kusimbiswa (kutsigira, kuchera, kubatanidza, manhamba ekudzivirira kana mapundu, bhandi, bandage matepi). Iyo chinhambwe kubva pane yakadzika poya ye waya ye waya ye waya yegungwa uye nzira yemigwagwa inofanirwa kunge ichinge yave kuita mitezo yemigwagwa isingasviki 4m. Usati wapinda mumba, chinhambwe kubva pamawaira kuenda kune ivhu zvingangoita 2,5 m.
Kuchengetedza midziyo yemidziyo kubva kumheni uye dendempherc yemagetsi, midziyo yekuisa yakaitwa ku1 kv. Pane yakasimbiswa kongiri inotsigira, iyo inotakura ye zero waya inofanirwa kusungirirwa kusimbiswa kwekusimbiswa kwekongiri yakasimbiswa. Pamhepo inotsigirwa nematanda, idzo conducting conductor (pasi) kana tambo ine simbi yekuisa simbi, yakatakura zero waya inofanira kuve yakabatanidzwa kune conductor conductor kana tambo yezano. Vasungwa uye vanokurisa mafambiro akaiswa pamatanda anofanirwa kunge akasungirirwa kune iyo yekunyepedzera mune yakaparadzana. Zvekugadzira kugadzirwa kwekugovera vatengesi ve visi kuenda ku1 kv, zvakafanira kushandisa waya yeCorrosion-yakachengetedzwa yesimbi ine diameter yeanenge 6mm.
Cable akarara mumakomba. Ngatitii kugona kwemari kwemutengi uye nemamiriro ehunyanzvi ekuvaka anokubvumira kuti uite kuiswa kwekutaurirana kwetambo. Mune ino kesi, nyanzvi dzakatsanangurwa neiyo brable tambo inodiwa. Pepa remagetsi neAluminium uye mhangura dzemvura, dzakatarwa voltage yekuchinjika ku1 kv, dzinoitwa nekunyorwa kweiyo Olikanimphole uye imwe hydrophobic manhamba, uye nemisangano yepurasitiki. Iyo inosimbisa cable shell inoitwa kubva kuAluminium, lead, yakashongedzwa simbi kana kuti hapana zvachose. Rudzi rwezvikamu chete zvembudzi zvezvinhu izvi zvekuenda (kugadzirwa "Moskabel", "Sevkabel", "Cable Indasitiri OKB") ine zvinhu zvinopfuura makumi matatu. Hapana mashoma marudzi akasiyana emagiramu endarama, sevaNexans, raychem, nk simba oy inosiyaniswa.
Sekureva kwaPuu uye Regulatory magwaro, iyo tambo yetrack inofanira kuiswa munzvimbo dzisina kuitirwa simbi yetambo (yakawanda ine marara ane slag, ash, lime, organizer, munyu, nezvimwewo) . Iyo tambo haifanire kunge isiri padyo kupfuura 2M kubva mumarara uye cesspool. Styling muTrench inogadzira nyoka ine reserve ye1-2% yehurefu hwakazara hwezviratidzo. Isa iyo yekupa mhete dzemombe dzinorambidzwa kuitira kuti udzivise kufarirwa. Kana iwe uchida kubatanidza tambo (kana tambo uye waya), kuisa complocial coupling kubva kune inopisa-chinodziya-chinonamira zvinhu, 1-1,5m resve. Kudzika kweiyo tambo yemabhuku mune primer hakusi kushoma pane 0.7m, kana kuyambuka nzira, migwagwa uye matinji - 1M, mumunda weClOPT kune iyo Chiverengero cheChirongwa che5M- 0.5m.
Kuchengetedza tambo kubva pakukuvara kwemuchina munzvimbo dzekupindirana uye nekuchinja, cramic, simende, pombi kana mapurasitiki nehurefu hwe5m uye kanenge 100mm ne kureba kwakakura. Kana kuyambuka simba tambo kusvika ku 35 kv nedzimwe tambo yekukurukurirana, iyo shoma kureba pakati payo inofanirwa kuve 0.5 m.
Gasket rakavhurika remazambiringa rinoitwa pamabhureki, tambo dzematanda uye pamatiraki, dzakasimbiswa pamadziro ezvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvekuvaka. Iyo gasket yemabhuruku maringe nemakumbo anopisa anoitwa mumapipi. Mabhegi emabhuruku akagadzirwa nematombo ari muzvivakwa anogadzirwa kuburikidza nezvikamu zvekongiri, asbestos-simende, isina-plast pipe mapipi, mune inonzi sleeves. Solutions yemazuva ano inoratidza kushandiswa kweinetlable catch
Vagadziriso yekutenda iyo Directorate yeRoyal Electric JSC uye musoro. Dhipatimendi reInjiniya Echology yeiyo Moscow Institute of Radio Injiniya, Magetsi uye Automation Associate purofesa V. K. Monakov betsero yekugadzirira zvinhu.