Simba rekugovera imba yakazvimiririra. Simba Nyanzvi dzinopa mhinduro kune "mibvunzo inopisa" inopisa.
Maitiro Ekuita Kuti Uwane Simba Remhando Yemhando Yemhando yeChiremba Yemazuva ano? Zviitiko zvipi zvatinofanira kukwezva kuburitsa zvese zvinodikanwa zvinyorwa? Chii chinogona uye chinofanira kuitwa kuitira kuti huwandu hunodiwa hwemagetsi asina kukanganiswa kupinda mumba? Isu tinopa mhinduro kune idzi nyaya dzakaoma nerubatsiro rwemagetsi nyanzvi.
Vanhu vari kuda kuvaka imba vanowanzo tanga sei? Kubva kusarudzo yenzvimbo yekugara mune ramangwana. Zviri pachena kuti ndinoda kuzorora, uye rwizi, uye munda. Vazhinji vanoita kutenga kwehurongwa hwenyika, kutungamirirwa nemanzwiro. Uye chete akabva atarisana nedambudziko rekutaurirana. Zvinoitika kuti mutengesi wemunharaunda wemunharaunda anokwanisa kugovera masimba anobvumidzwa, akakwana kunze kwekuvhenekerwa kweimba yenyika, asi kwete imba yemazuva ano yekugara. Matambudziko anomuka nekuda kwekuti izvo zvenguva yemberi havafungi kuti mumutemo, zviyero uye nemirairo uye zvinowanzoitika "." Electrician haisi muchuchisi, unogona kugara uchimubvumirana naye. "Kuora mwoyo yevaridzi vevaridzi kuzvikanganiso zvakanyanya munzira iyi vanozvipira, nekuti mumwe nemumwe wavo anochinja kuva mitengo yakakosha.
Gordiyev knot Simba Supply
Uyu mubvunzo wakaoma unopihwa mhinduro yakapusa kana iwe ukakuchengeta uye ukavaka kugadziriswa kweCottage neyenjimi inodiwa rubatsiro. Pamusoro pekugara kwemazuva ano, kutsiviwa kune imwe chete kana maviri masimba mashandisiro emasimba akaverengerwa simba, semuenzaniso, 630 KVA, akaiswa kune hutongi kana vagadziri 630 KVA, kushandura 6-10kv voltage kusvika 220-380V. Solution yehunyanzvi inobvumira kupa zvinokonzeresa makumi mashanu kubva pamakumi mashanu kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika 400m2 kusvika 30-50kw simba.
Nzvimbo zhinji dzekutenga kana "mumunda" kana mumisha marefu yakarongeka, kushamwaridzana, etc.Comer, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, Mosenergo), unogona kukumbira kutonga kwako mune kutonga kwavo. Icho chinzvimbo chakadii kana dunhu network sangano rinoshanda mudunhu rako. Boss (Director) kana mukuru weinjiniya wesangano iri ane ruzivo zvizere, saka iwe unofanirwa kuwana mazuva ekubatanidza kune iyo simba grid uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwekugona uye kuongorora mari yemari. Kunyanya kunyatsoziva, nyanzvi dzekugadzira mudhipatimendi rehunyanzvi uye yehunyanzvi (PTO) yedunhu kana matunhu emasworks achakwanisa kukumanikidza. Ndivo ivo vanogadzira zvakanyatsogadzirira zvinyorwa zvakachena zvemamiriro ehunyanzvi.
Pane zviitiko zvinoverengeka zvemagetsi kune imba yekubatira:
- Iyo yakakodzera-iripo "(mamiriro ezvinhu) network ine voltage kune 0.4Kw iri mune yakanaka mamiriro uye inokubvumira kuti ubatanidze kumusoro kusvika pamakumi matatu emasimba kubva patsitsi.
- Iyo avhareji simba grid iri, asi simba rekutsiva rinonetesa, uye rinoshanda pamugumo wemukana. Unhu hwemagetsi hwakaderera-voltage mumazuva uye maawa ePeak haisvike 220V, uye imba yako ingangomira kubva pakutsiva. Kupfuura 3KW yekuvhenekera uye kushanda TV hakuzogovaniswa, uye kana vakapa, iwe uchafanirwa kushandura waya kune vamwe, nechikamu chikuru chevachinjika.
- Muvakidzani asingawanzo kuwanikwa achangobva kuvaka kutsiva mukati mayo pane shanduko ye250 kva, uye iwe uchafara kubatana nemafaro.
- Izvo zvakanyanyisa kune iyo yekutsiva iri pedyo inopfuura kilometer, uye iyo yakaderera-voltage Spage Line kubva pazviri isingakwanisi ku "kupera" ichave isina kukwana voltage. Semutemo, nzira chete yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu azvino inodhura kuvakwa kwekutsiva kwayo.
Kubva pane yedu maonero, zviri nani kana iyo pfuma iri mumaoko emunharaunda kana kugovera network (iyo yekupedzisira ndeyechokwadi isingawanzo nekuda kwekuomarara kwemutemo). Vanogona kugumisa chibvumirano newe zvakananga, pasina imba yekujekesa. "Networks" maitiro ekudzivirira ekudzivirira, kugadzirisa, uye hapana munhu kunze kwavo achave nekodzero yekuswedera pedyo netambo yekushanduka, kunyangwe kana iri pane mumwe munhu (semuenzaniso, yako) ndima.
Magetsi munyika yese inobereka uye inopa monopolist rao ues. Inomutsa matunhu eavo zvaanofarira anomiririra makambani emubatanidzwa akadaro mosenergo, OJSC Lenenergo nevamwe vazhinji. Ivo vari kuita chizvarwa uye kuendesa kwekupisa uye magetsi kune vatengi. Matavi emagetsi emapazi emapazi ehondo, dzimba dzekugara uye masevhisi ezvekutungamira ane mutengi kana mubatanidzwa wekutengesa kana kubatanidza? (Semuenzaniso, Mup "OdIntsovo tower, JSC" Magetsi Royal "). Netipmal network inopa simba rinopa nzvimbo dzemaguta, maguta mazhinji uye kunyange nzvimbo dzevagari kubva kune zviuru gumi kusvika mazana emazana vanhu uye, kazhinji vaipoteredza nzvimbo dzekumaruwa. Masangano efaira electrolating extraes haasi pasi pemakambani ejoini ejoini rao ues. Ivo vanotungamira misoro yematunhu, masangano ekugadzirisa, pamwe neushumiri hwebasa dzedzimba uye hwemagariro (mune yakavanzika kodhi ye mo) uye magavhuna wedunhu.
Funga nezve chimiro chemutengesi makuru emugetsi mudunhu rako pane muenzaniso weMoserenergo. OJSC inochengetedza magetsi kuburikidza ne14 simba Grids, mukati meiyo 44 Dunhu Simba Grids dzinogoverwa. Uyezve, kana iyo masimbi ekudyidzana pachavo pachavo mari inobhadhara mari iyi, Mosenallo anoita izvi kuburikidza nekutsvagisa kwesimba rayo, iyo, ine nhini netiweki (isina-magetsi) matavi emadhorobha.
Magetsi matavi egoridhe: Moscow Cable (inoiswa), Southern, Western uye mamwe maWescrips ane simba remagetsi (LPP) nengano pamusoro pe 10kv (ISK- kusvika Kubva 0.4 (380 / 220V) -10KV kusvika 35-220kv. Mosenallo inogadzira anenge magetsi ese anodyiwa neMoscow nedunhu reMoscow. Iyo ndeyako yekudyisa nzvimbo (PC) - Subts 35-110kv / 6-10KV uye Supply LPP 35-110KV / 6-10KV. Mabhuku anoenderana neese mosenergo anoparadzira netiweki uye masangano emasangano emasiyi.
Nhasi, nekuda kwemitero mikuru yemhuri neindasitiri kuvaka, kwave nekushomeka kwesimba remagetsi munzvimbo yese, yakadzora kana kuoma kwePC yakaitika. Naizvozvo, oa inofanirwa kutora matanho ekudzora pakushandisa kana kuvakwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva, zvichienderana nekugona kwemari izvo zvinotarisirwa nemagetsi magetsi.
Kwatiri, vatengi vakareruka, zvakakonzerwa nekudikanwa kwekuwana mvumo kune yakakumbirwa simba kumuridzi wayo Moserono kuburikidza nebazi. Kunyangwe kana iyo network yemuno ichishanda masangano emunharaunda, haina kurasa simba remagetsi, uye rinopa zvinongedzo zvekubatanidza imba yako kugovera network network.
Nzira yakaoma yemuridzi
Kuva (kuve) mwero wakazara wechiitiko uye chivakwa, iwe unogona kuenderera kune iyo yepamutemo maitiro ekuwana simba rekuwana simba rako riripo kana ramangwana riripo. Nzira dzisina kana hoffey, iyo kuba kwemagetsi kana zvibvumirano nemuromo nevavakidzani, hatifunge.
Iyo nzira kubva kuGreatration yePakeji yeZvakanyorwa mukubatanidzwa kwemagetsi kuiswa kweimba yakakamurwa (yakabatanidzwa) mumatanho akati wandei:
- Kugoverwa kwesimba uye kuiswa kwemhedzisiro yemigetsi yehunyanzvi hwekubatanidza;
- Dhizaini yekuisa yemagetsi yeimba ine dhizaini uye yekuvaka rezinesi rezinesi;
- Kubatana kweiyo purojekiti nevaridzi vepasi (Subts), kutaurirana, simba rekupa simba uye muTatenergoneadzor;
- Iko kushandisirwa kwebasa pachirongwa newe neiyo yemagetsi institution ine marezinesi akakodzera uye ruzivo rwebasa. Inogona kubvunzwa nezvazvo musangano rekupa simba;
- Kuedza uye Kudhirowa "chiitiko chekugamuchira" nemuongorori weDhipatimendi reHurumende Tsitsi;
- Magetsi metrer chisimbiso, kusaina chibvumirano cheMagetsi yekupa simba uye simba rekugovera kweimba.
Maererano nezvinyorwa 539-54040. Simba Supply Chibvumirano. Pasi pechibvumirano chekupa simba, masangano ekutengesa esimba (simba rekutengesa kuti aendese kune vemagetsi, uye mutevedzeri wekubhadhara simba, kutevedzera hutongi hwekutevedzana zvakapihwa neChinyorwa uye chivimbo Iko kuchengetedzwa kwekushanda kwemagetsi magetsi, kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo. Nekudaro, muMutemo, mutoro wako kumisangano yemagetsi yeimba, iyo network uye subtation uye kutsiva kwakatemwa. Chibvumirano chehurumende chehurumende (chinwiwa chemuviri) chinotanga zvayo kubva pakutanga kwekutanga kusanganisa kwemunyoreri.
Pasi pechinyorwa 541. huwandu hwesimba. Sangano rinopa simba rinopa simba rinosungirwa simba remafaira kuburikidza network mune iyo huwandu hwakapihwa neyekupa zvibvumirano zveimba, uye mukuteerera nehurongwa hwekuyerera hwakabvumidzwa nemapati. Uyezve, "mutero" weimba ane kodzero yekushandisa simba iri muhuwandu hwaunoda. Ndokunge, zvinogona kuve kutema magetsi ese mumba kuitira kuti urege kupfuudza simba rakatsanangurwa, uye inogona kugara murima. Kana iyo simba risina kukwana isina kukwana pasi pechibvumirano, iwe une kodzero yekuita chikumbiro kune simba grid, kutanga mune fomu yekunyunyuta, uye ipapo mudare.
Chinyorwa 542. mhando yemhando. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvechinyorwa ichi, mhando yeMagetsi yakapihwa, kanokwana kuwanda uye frequency yezvazvino, inofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvakatemwa nemitemo yehurumende, inotumbuka kana yakatemerwa simba rekupa simba.
Panyaya yekutyora yemhando yemhando yemhando yekupa magetsi, iwe une kodzero yekuramba kubhadhara simba rakadaro. Izvo zvakaringana kungoita zviyero pamberi peZvapupu, uye zvirinani kwete, uye gadzirisa chokwadi cheltage yakaderera. Nekudaro, saka iwe hauna kodzero yekushandisa simba rakaburitswa mukutyorwa kwemamiriro emhando. Zvikasadaro, sangano remagetsi risina simba rinogona kuda kudzoserwa nezvekunyoreswa kunoponeswa zvisina musoro nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo (ndima 2, ndiko kuti, iwe uchiri kubhadhara magetsi, asi zvishoma.
Asi iwe zvakare une kodzero yekutyora sangano rekupa simba remamiriro ezvinhu pamusoro pesimba rekurudzira mutoro waro pasi pechinyorwa 547 reiyo isingazadzikiswe kana kuzadzikiswa kusingaenzaniswi kwechibvumirano pasi pechibvumirano , bato rakatyora chibvumirano rinosungirwa kudzosera kukuvara chaiko kwakakonzerwa neizvi (chinyorwa 15, ndima 2). Kana simba semhedzisiro yekudzora modetrage inobvumidza kupatsanurana musimba kune vanonyorera, ivo vane mhosva kune izvi pamberi pemhosva. Ndokunge, kuti kuvhara panguva dzenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, madutu, haungabhadhare bazi rakawa. Zvinozoitika kuti chinyorwa chemurikiso chine mativi maviri. Kutanga kweruoko rwako: Sangano rinoparadza simba rinobhadhara kune yakavezwa chokwadi chekukuvara kune yako TV yeTV kana firiji. Uyezve, inosungirwa kuve nechokwadi cheiyo yakakodzera technical mamiriro ekupa simba grid uye magetsi mita. Rutivi rwechipiri runoreva kune mutengi akatyora chibvumirano, sezvo Chinyorwa 543 chinoremekedza zvisungo zvemutengi wekugadzirisa uye kushanda kwemasworks, zvishandiso nemidziyo. Vwashi Zvitoro zvinosanganisira:
Kuverengera mamiriro ehunyanzvi ekuiswa kwemagetsi kwekamuri yekubatira, netiweki yayo kana kutsiva;
kutevedzera nemamiriro akagadzwa esimba rekushandisa simba;
Kuzivisa nekukurumidza kwesangano rekupa simba kwetsika, moto, midziyo yesimba mitezo mitezo nezvimwe zviitiko.
Kubva pane izvi zvinotevera kuti iwe uri mutoro wekuchinja kwemagetsi kuiswa kweimba, zvimwe zvinhu zvine simba (zvisina kujairika zvishandiso, izvo, sekutonga, kutungamira kune kuwanda kwemagetsi - kubviswa yesimba rakakura kubva kunetiweki iine sangano rekupa simba, izvo zvakanyorwa muchibvumirano. Kupfuurisa uye kupambadza transformer, kukonzeresa voltage mu network (kunyunyuta kwevavakidzani vari mutekisi kuti vabvise zvikanganiso - zvese zvokukuvadza zvichakubhadhara iwe kana vakaratidza kudare. Mukukosha, iyo 543 chinyorwa chinokutendera kuti urwe "Hooligans" iyo inoita 3-mesertical kuisirwa chirongwa na400m2, uye "kuyamwa" zvese 15 mW, ndosaka vachivarirwa navo vavakidzani vane grit. Uye zvakare, iyo energonadzor inspector inogona kuraira sangano remagetsi rekupa simba rekushandura iwe shanduko mumagetsi ekuisa, zvichitungamira kune isingagutsi basa renzvimbo dzese dzemusha.
Pakupedzisira, chinyorwa 544 chinongedzera kuti vanonyoresa vane kodzero yekuendesa simba, vakatorwa naro kubva kusangano remagetsi rinoenderana, kune mumwe munhu chete nemvumo yayo chete. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana mamiriro emasureti anobvumira kana kuti iwe wakavaka yako subtstation, iwe unogona kugadzira bazi kune vavakidzani nekugadziriswa kwesimba grid. Nekudaro, "nyarara" kubatana kunovakidzana kunorambidzwa.
Simba rekugoverwa
Usati wagadzira, iwe unofanirwa kuwana basa rehunyanzvi rekubatanidza magetsi kuiswa kweimba kune network. Mutengi wechikuru, ndiye anovandudza, anofanirwa kufungidzira zvakajeka zvishandiso zvemagetsi (boiler, masisitimu ekudzivirira, mapepa emvura) achaparadza simba mumba, chii chinofanira kunge chiri simba remagetsi kuiswa kwekutsigira kwakajairika. Masikati, ichazvisunungura kubva pakuda kuchinja kwepurojekiti kana kuvakwazve kwemagetsi kuisirwa magetsi.
Tsamba uye zvinyorwa. Basa rehunyanzvi rinokweverwa mune fomu retsamba rakanyorerwa kuinjiniya wemagetsi esangano (kana chinzvimbo chinomiririra yemutungamiriri, senzira yekukumbira kunyorwa technical yekubatanidza imwe simba ne chiratidzo cheiyo simba rekugovera imba.
Tsamba yacho inofanira kuperekedzwa nemirairo. Ichi chirongwa chechimiro chenzvimbo yako saiti yako uye dzimba pasi, chitupa chekodzero yekuve neyakafunga nyika ino nemvumo yekuvakwa kweimba, yakarongwa nemasangano mazhinji. Masaini evamiriri veGorgaja, Rostelecom, vodoshaal uye Simba rakazvikudza, rinoratidza kana kusavapo kwenzvimbo yako yekukurukurirana kwemakambani aya. Iyo vhidhiyo Izita Vhidhiyo idzi dzinofanirwa kunge dziri newe mushure mekugadzirwa kweiyo estate yechigaro uye chirongwa chekuvaka, chakatenderwa kubva kuchikepe chikuru. Asi nekuda kweizvozvo pane chiitiko chinosiririsa apo mutariri wekumaruwa paakaratidza (ikozvino atora kubva pairi) nyika, kunyangwe ichinzi mutoro wesaiti ino, mune mamwe ma grids, funga kuti zvakafanira kujekesa izvi nyaya. Zvikasadaro, atove padanho rekusayina chirongwa, kunamatwa kwebasa (semuenzaniso, pane tambo yebasa), zvinoitika kuti iwe unoshanda pedyo nemigwagwa mikuru yegesi, uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kuve nechekure kure navo. Maitiro akaoma kwazvo ari muchivako cheguta. Pano, pasi pevhu, huwandu hwakanyanya hwekutaurirana hwechinangwa chakasiyana kwazvo chakarara. Iyo Aernergirls chete ipapo inogona kupa hunyanzvi hwekubatanidza kwekubatanidza simba remagetsi kana magwaro akashongedzwa sezvazviri.
Nenzira, tsamba inoonekwa mukugadzirwa uye technical department (PTO) yedunhu kana yedare. Nguva shoma haiwanzo kuitwa, nekuti kuyerera kwakakura kwazvo. Semuenzaniso: Kwemakore apfuura, chete muDunhu reMoscow rakabatana 500 vanonyorera (zvakavanzika) kutsanangura, kwete kuverenga zviuru zvezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zveVoltage. Zvinenge zvinorehwa zvinogona kukonzerwa nekuverenga mireza, kujekeswa kwemutengo webasa rekubatana kwesimba rekusimbisa, nekuti kwese muRussia Federation, kunze kweMoscow Dunhu uye kambani iyi inobhadharwa.
Uchapa here kana kuti kwete? Pangozi yeTechnical Task, iyo Simba Grid inopihwa zviri pamutemo (izvo chete zvekutaura zvakaitwa) kana kugovera iyo yekubatanidza pfungwa, kana kupa zvakananga kurudziro muchimiro chedzidzo chinoda kuitwa kugadzirisa dambudziko. Mazwi emvura Aerial Agency Cable Cable mutsara (0.4kv) inosvika kune iyo yekutsiva iri pedyo (kana ikholamu), iyo simba ripi racho ratogoverwa pakati pevashandisi rakabatana nazvo. Zvinorambiringa, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa nyaya nehunhu hwekutaurisa pane zvimwe zvinhu zvevamwe zvinhu, apo harina kushandiswa zvizere (semuenzaniso, mauto haawanzo kuoneka mudzimba dziri pedyo). "Maererano nesainzi", Nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi vane pfungwa dzakadai sekuti magetsi anofanirwa kuenderana. Pasina kuenda kune ruzivo, ngatitii chinhu ichi chinoratidza kuti yakawanda sei simba rinoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, musha wenyika unovakwa dzimba zana, mune makumi maviri aunoramba ari mumwe munhu. Zviripachena kuti havazodi simba rinodiwa kwedzimba zana, saka, imwe nzira yekunyanyisa inoiswa musi wa250, uye dzimwe nguva 160 kva.
Zvinoitika kuti pane zvedzidzo zvinodikanwa kutsiva waya iripo pamawaira nechikamu chikuru chemuchinjiko (mamwe magetsi anozogona kukuunza kwauri). Asi kana pasina simba rekudzosera kumashure, iyo chete yekubuda inosara: chinja chinhandurudzeri kune yakawanda simba. Iyo inobhadharwa neiyo ichangobva kubatana Nyoresa. Kubatanidza: Mari yemutengo weiyo transform yekudzikisira ine huwandu hwegumi nematanhatu KVA-60-80 zviuru. Kuisirwa, kutumwa uye kutanga basa, sekutonga, kutora maints, ayo anobva abata hunyanzvi hutsva.
Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana anogovera magetsi anodikanwa pamberi, angangodaro asina. Icho chinowanzoitika chenyika yekare pamwe nemabasa uye nzvimbo dzekugara, apo kunyange hombodo dziripo hadzina kugona kufukidza zvinodiwa nemazuva ano. Westerns Peak, apo vavakidzani vese vaiita sevanodhinda, vanosanganisira maLawn vacho, maPumps, mataira uye midziyo yekutsungirira, iyo midziyo yematareji inodonha kubva kune inodiwa 280V kusvika 180V kusvika 180V.
Zvinozoitika kuti kushanda kwakajairika kwehunyanzvi hakugone. Bvumirana neKumanikidza Mukushamisika uye "Thread" kutenga imwe yekuwedzera transformer uye yakatambanudzwa ye waya nyowani yechikamu chakakura chemuchinjiko hachina musoro. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvemari zvinowira pamapfudzi ezvichangobva kuvakwa nenhengo dzepasi pebindu rebindu (rambotaurwa radiction rakabatana netiweki. Mumwe wevashandi vevashandi vakaudza nyaya yekubata pamusoro pekuti masangano ekupa simba akave akanyorwa kuti abatanidze network nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti anozotenga imwe yerudzi rwakakwana rwemadhora akareba emadhora. Zvakare, kusarudzika kwemusoro weiyo yemuno simba chikamu (Urban Type Village), waya iyi yaifanirwa kupa mamwe masimba emusha wenyika yose, kusanganisira imba yemushandi wedu. Zvinoitika kuti hapana munhu anovimbisa kuwanikwa kwemunhu emhando yepamusoro, kunyange mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anovandudzwa pakurasikirwa kwayo.
Nyanzvi yemashoko . Nhau dzakadai dzinogona kuudza vazhinji vava ne "kupokana" kwesimba reGrids vari kuyedza kugadzirisa matambudziko ekutsiva nekutenga midziyo mikuru, nepo kudzikira kwacho kunosanganisirwa mumagetsi. Takabvunza mamiriro ezvinhu kuti ataure Moseergo Gennady Vladimirovich KuzNNetsiva.
"Kutanga, makiromita manomwe emakiromita ekutarisa, zvaida zvekutanga, kubva pakutambanudza waya, kubva kumamita mazana manomwe nemakumi matatu nemashanu kubva pakutsiva zvisina musoro, iyo voltage pakupedzisira haizove. Kunyangwe kana iye yakanga yachinja iyo network ina waya ina, ingangove iri 2,5 makiromita.
Kechipiri, kana izvo zvinodiwa zvebazi reGisi reGisi reGisi reJSC zvicharatidzika kunge zvakawandisa, zvinofanirwa kuiswa kune iyo general direarate yeMoserateGo. Kutaura zvine mamiriro, nguva dzose kwakakodzera kubata sangano repamusoro uye kutaura nezve dambudziko rako. Uyezve, zvinogona kubvunzwa nehunyanzvi zvinodikanwa kana kubhadhara chikamu chechitatu chebato, icho chichaita kuverenga, chichaita zviyero pane zvinongedzo uye zvinoratidza kuti mashura emhando yepamusoro haana kunaka kana mumiriri.
Yetatu, kupokana kwekudana nzira iyi hakuna kukodzera. Nenzira yakadaro, isu tinonyatsoita kuti tisangane nemutengi. Zvirokwazvo, kubva pamaonero ake, zvingave zvakanyatsoita kana tikazvikonzera kana kuti takavakiregerera pachavo, uyezve munguva refu vakatora mitengo yedu mukurasikirwa kwemitero. Nekudaro, isu taigona kuva network, nhamba yevatengi yaizowedzera, kuderedzwa kwakaita uye munhu wese aigutsikana. Asi pakuvaka kana kuvakwa kunoda mari inogona kutorwa nhasi kubva kumatende. Nekudaro, pane hurongwa hwekutanga. Chikamu chemari chinoenda kuimba yezvirongwa, chikamu chemagetsi enzvimbo dzisingawanikwe uye nekugadziriswa kwemergency, uye chete tolaka diki- yekuvakazve. Ehezve, pane chirongwa chatinoburitsa kutsiva kwemazana matanhatu emakiromita emasokisi gore rimwe nerimwe, asi idiki kudarika 1% yehurefu hwemagetsi grids. Yakagadzirwazve simba Grids ne gore rino mune ino nhanho yebasa kuti upinde muhurongwa hwekuvaka muna 2102. Iko kuisirwa kwemusha kunogona kubata basa rakarongwa pakuwedzera simba samakore maviri (uye ivo havadi kumirira zvakanyanya) uye mushure memakore makumi mashanu.
Nehurombo, mudunhu racho, rakadzorwa neMostergo, kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeRussia Federation, hapana mukana wekuti titipe kuratidzwa kwesimba, ndiko kuti, kuyananisa kukwidziridzwa. Naizvozvo, nzira dzekugadzira simba ndeyekutsiva michina yakawanda inobereka: kungave kutenga waya kana kushandurudza, kana kuvakwa kweshanduro kwayo neiyo subts, inotsigira uye waya. Kune yekutanga kesi ndeye "chibvumirano chekuchinjana" nemutengi. Semuenzaniso, iyo yekare shanduko ndeye 160 KVA New 250 KVA. Vamwe vanozvikwevera ivo pachavo waya yakaparadzana mumatanho avo, nekuti havadi kugoverana nemunhu chero. Kwakapetwa katatu kudhura kupfuura kutsiva kwe "Weruzhinji" waya. Uye vanofanirwa kushandira "bazi" pachavo pasi pechibvumirano nesangano rakakosha harina kuchenjera. Uyezve, hapana munhu anongononganiswa nezvenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kudonha kwematavi uye "benzi", iro rakapindira tambo kana waya, iyo yekugadzira iyo inoitwa nekubhadhara kwayo. Ndokusaka zviri nyore kutsiva zvishandiso zviripo - iyo transformer, waya (maa waya (iyo yekare panguva imwe chete ichakupa iwe, kana kuendesa zvisizvo, kana kuendesa kunotsigira ne waya kune muridzi weti yesimba grid. Ipapo ivo vanozove nebasa rekuchengetedza.
Mvumo yekushandisa simba resangano rekupa simba.
Maitiro ehunyanzvi ekubatanidza magetsi ekuisa.
Batsira pakuita kwemamiriro ehunyanzvi emamiriro esimba rekupa simba.
Ita nezvekunyengera kweiyo chiyero uye basa rekushanda remapato.
Simba Supply Project, yakabvumiranwa muMosoblgoseGonezor, Simba Kutengeswa kweMoserenergo, rima redunhu network.
Kopi yezinesi reSangano reProjekiti.
Kopi yezinesi rezororo remagetsi.
Chiitiko chekutakura / kugamuchirwa kwebasa remagetsi rekuisa.
Ita pane basa rakavanzika pakuita kwe wiring.
Ita pabasa pane kuisirwa kwekutanga kwekutangisa, foci yekuchengetedza mheni, zvinogona kuenzana nekuenzana zvishandiso mubhavhu, nezvimwe.
Makopi ezvitupa zvekuenderana nemidziyo yemagetsi uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi (zvinoenderana neyakafunga kubva papurojekiti).
PRotocols yekuedza uye kuyera zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakaitwa, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveGore, metretical metering laborator yakanyorwa muRussia State State Standard Standard.
Kutsiva kwake
Chekupedzisira, fungidzira mamiriro acho ezvinhu kana nzira chete yekuwana simba re 35kw nekubvumirana kwesangano rekupa simba rekubatanidza kune iyo 10kv network kuburikidza neyekudzikisa kushandurudza. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo mitemo yemushini yemagetsi emagetsi erudzi urwu rwekubatana haina kufananidzwa. Nhasi, Grids Simba ine kodzero yekukupa iwe neyakainongedzera pfungwa (yemahara muMosenergo kana yemari mune mamwe matunhu) ekuvakwa kwetsiva, asi kuchine nhamba yenyaya idzi pano.Dambudziko ndiko kuiswa kweshanduro yekutsiva uye michina inosanganisirwa mukiti yayo. Semutemo, spurformer yekutsanangura mumaruwa ine fomu yeKiosk yakaiswa pambiru kune iyo nhanho inotungamira. Kuisirwa kwekutsanangura kwakadaro kunoda huwandu hunokosha nyika. Kuisirwa kwesimba reshandiso pamasosi akakosha uye mune zvakaparadzana zvivakwa zvinoitwawo. Kana dzimba nyowani dzakavakwa mundima yemusha, uye kubviswa kwenyika pasi pekutsiva hakuna kupihwa, mutengi achasangana nechido chekugadzirisa nyaya iyi nekutora chikamu chemugadziri wemunharaunda. Haisi chokwadi chekuti achazopinda chinzvimbo cheanovandudza imba ... uye iwe unofanirwa kupa kune ino nyika.
Muzviitiko zvepasi rose, mune zviitiko zvakadaro, compact post trantientiformers (mini tsanangudzo) inoshandiswa, simba ripi rinoita kuti ubatanidze kune iyo main network kubva kune imwe chete yamambo. Aya transformers anoiswa pane zvakajairika (huni kana yakasimbiswa kongiri) inotsigira, zvakadaro tarisa. Ivo "Hardy": Bvumira kuyambuka kusvika 40% kuPeak mutoro; Yakashongedzwa ne-autirwo yakavakirwa uye, kunyanya kukosha, hazvidi kugadziriswa. Makambani makuru eMagetsi emakambani akadai ABB, Nokia Inogadzira Vakadaro Vanochinja. Sekureva kwaDirector weJSC "Royal Electric Grid" N. P. Nikitsky, mumagweta akatenderedza Kerolev, Mari yemutengo weAmerican Production Shanduro ndeye $ 3.5-5 zviuru. Uye zvakare, sarudzo yeiyo State Space Indasitiri, kuvhiya kwavo muRussia kunobvumidzwa zviri pamutemo uye kwese kupi.
Zvakafanana mumugove wembiru dzembiru dzevashandisi veBelarusian, Ukraine, kugadzirwa kweRussia zvakapetwa kaviri. Musiyano mukuru pakati peAnalogues muRussia neCIS, ndezvekuti ivo vanoda kuchengetedza zvachose, basa rinogara rakawanda, raifanirawo kuve nemamiriro ezvinhu epamoyo wemagetsi emunharaunda. Naizvozvo, hazvisi zvese simba rekupa masangano anobvuma kugumisa zvibvumirano mukugadziriswa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe weRussia, Belarusian neUkraine vanochinja. Pamusoro pekubhadhara kwemasevhisi pasi pechibvumirano, mutengi anofanirwa kubhadhara kune iyo yekuisa kwavari kutsigirwa, kuisirwa kwekuwedzera automiti, komisheni. Akashata account, mari yakakwana inogona kupfuura izvo zvinotakura muridzi weiyo iyo yekubatanidza shanduko yemhando isina kuchengetwa.
Maitiro ekuvaka netiweki ndiyo nhanho imwechete seyemagetsi kuiswa kweimba: Iko kushandisa, dhizaini, kusanganisa mushumo wesimba, kusaina nekutengesa kwesimba, kubatana. Mushure mekuvakwa uye zvishandiso zvekutsiva, chiitiko chekunyengera kwemuridzi neyemagetsi Grids "Tsvuku chimiro" pakati pezvinhu uye simba. Ato nguva yaunotakura kuzere kuzere kwemutoro uye kushandisa mari yekugadziriswa kweyako transformer booth uye network. Kana vavakidzani vachida kubatana newe, kodzero yako yekuramba kuramba kana kubvuma, isu tatozvitaura nezvazvo. Zviri nyore kuendesa nzvimbo yacho kumisasa, asi hapana chivimbiso kuti hapana munhu achazobvumirana navo, haazo "chikwapura" kubva kwavari uye haazokanganise simba rakakura rausina kukwana.
Kuisirwa kwemagetsi kumba
Chirongwa. Kugadzirwa kwesimba remuti, iyo yekunze uye yemukati yemagetsi yekuisa yeimba inofanira kupihwa kumasangano ekuita rezinesi rekuita kuti iite yebasa riripi Iko hakuna mikana yekubvumidzwa kweiyo "yakasara" mapurojekiti muzvinyorwa zvepamutemo zviitiko zvepamutemo. Zvakanaka kuti yako yekuvandudza inogadzira iyo general contractor uye yakaita chirongwa kwauri iwe kana ne subcontractors. Asi kazhinji kazhinji kurongedza, kuvaka uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo kunoitwa masangano akasiyana. Ipapo zvine musoro kuti ubate nzvimbo yemuno simba uye ndokumbira iwe kuti urudzire kambani kugadzira chirongwa (izvi zvinogona kuitwa parunhare). Iyi kambani ichazotevera semubvunzo wekurongeka kwegwaro rakapedzwa purogiramu mune yemuno simba grid uye muTatenergoneadzor. Panguva ino, sekutonga, hapana matambudziko makuru, kunze kwekukumbira kwako. Avhareji mutengo weiyo Simba Supply purojekiti yeCottage ine huwandu hwemagetsi yekuisa ye5-30kw muDunhu reMoscow ndeye 6 kusvika mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu. rubles. Nekudaro, ipapo akatevedzana kwenguva yakareba ekuwana masaini mune akasiyana zviitiko zvinoteverwa uye, pakupedzisira, kushamwaridzana neboka rakarongeka reimba yekutonga kweNyika, apo sarudzo dzinoitwa mukunyora uye technation zvinyorwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvikanganiso zvichafanira kugadzirisa zvinopfuura kamwe.
Mune imwe neimwe nyaya, masangano akasiyana siyana ari vhiza iri papurojekiti, kusanganisira:
- Simba rekupa simba, rese reguta masevhisi emasangano, nzvimbo dzekugara (kana paine, kubva kuGorghazi isati yasvika kuimba);
- Muchero Chants, mafemu anofarira uye vanhu vanogona kusabvumirana nenyaya yekuti iwe unenge wakanyoreswa network (semuenzaniso, muvakidzani, wakabvuma pachirongwa ichi, saka zvichabvuma iye);
- Pakupera kweiyo purojekiti inosa simbisa energonadzor muongorori.
Kuiswa uye kuyedzwa kwekuisa kwemagetsi kuisirwa. Drives "anonamira" kubva kumaodzanyemba, sematehwe, kubereka basa remagetsi nekutyora tekinoroji, mushure mekunge nyanzvi dzinofanira kuitazve. Iko kuiswa kwekuisa uye kutumwa kweiyo purojekiti kunofanira kuita masangano ekuvaka uye ekuisa masangano ane rezinesi. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti upedze chibvumirano chekuita kubhadhara kambani uye vatungamiriri vemitero zviri pamutemo. Izvi zvinoda kuitisa kuurayiwa kwekodzero kune zvinhu mushure mekupedza kwekuvakwa (kwekutsiva, imba yekuchengetera). Muedzo uye kugadziridzwa kwemidziyo ine dhizaini yekugamuchira zvinyorwa zvine musoro
Mushure mekuisa magetsi ekuisa mumba, zvivakwa zvehupfumi uye nendima yeimba inodiwa kuzviisa pasi pemidziyo yemagetsi yemagetsi, yakagamuchirwa pasi peEnergonadzor. Kubva pane izvi zvinyorwa uye mhinduro dzeimba, muridzi weimba anowana chitupa chekuisa nemagetsi zvekuisa zvemagetsi uye nemvumo yekuyerera, convets uye radiatrior, zvivakwa zvemagetsi, pasi rose, etc.). Panogona kuve nematambudziko. Semutemo, vanhu vanotenga waya, zvigadzirwa zvewiring, zvishandiso, kana kukanganwa kuti vanoda zvitupa uye mapasipoti ezvigadzirwa, kana kugamuchira (pamusika) izvo zvisingaenderani nemirairo. Chitupa ichi chichadiwa kunyoresa inishuwarenzi mumakambani einishuwarenzi.
Kuongorora. Ipapo iwe unodana iyo energonadzor yekuongorora kuenda kuimba, uye iyo, pahwaro hwechikara hwekuenderana, hunofanirwa kuburitsa chiito chekubvumidzwa kwemagetsi mukubatanidzwa mune network. Skim Matambudziko pano anogona kusangana? Semuenzaniso, maererano nekufara, socket ine caps yekudzivirira inofanira kuiswa mumba (saka kuti usatamanidze mbambo), uye iri nyorecc. Kazhinji pane yekuisa chikamu chehondo inoshandura dunhu rekubatanidza. yeavo kana zvimwe zvigadziko uye switch, kunyangwe ichokwadi kuti mune iyo chirongwa chavanoratidzwa zvakasiyana. Etc. Sekureva kwekubvumirana kumafemu kuti ivo vakavakumbira kuti varege kududzirwa, kubviswa kwekusarongeka kana kutyorwa kunogona kudhura "muripo" kune muongorori. Dzimwe nguva inosvika kubva kumadhora zana nemakumi mashanu pane zvigadziko zvinosvika pamadhora mazana mashanu ezvekunyepedzera kukuru. Uye zvakare, iyo inongorori yakabatikana uye inogona kuwedzera pachiitiko ichi, saka anofanira 'kupa kukurumidza.' Pano uye batsira kutaurirana zvakaunganidzwa nevanogadzira venzvimbo uye vanoronga. Isu tinozivisa "nyanzvi" zvakanyanya kuoma.
Simba rekugovera chibvumirano. Ipapo iyo simba grid uye muridzi weimba anosungirwa kugumisa chibvumirano pakushandiswa kwemagetsi. Panguva ino, mumiriri wesimba rekutengesa simba rinosiya iwe uye chiitiko chekubvuma kwemidziyo yekuzvidavirira inokweverwa uye inovaita kuti vaise chisimbiso. Sezvo basa rake riri munharaunda uye rinogona kungobatwa nehope yekugadzirwa kwenhoo uye kunyorerana kweiyo yakaiswa simba, "masevhisi" its isingadhuri, kana zvisiri kazhinji. Kusanganisira kushumirwa kwemhepo kana tambo mitsara vanoita simba repamba pamba. ATO ino nguva yemuno simba grid, iyo nemuridzi weimba (Mutengi) ane chibvumirano, chinoburitsa mashandiro ekudzivirira, kugadzirisa kwesimba mutsara usati wapinda muya waya yekupa (Cable) kuimba. Uye iwe unogona kunakidzwa nechiedza uye kudziya mumba.
Mutengo?
Mubvunzo unokosheswa kuti ndeipi huwandu huchabhadhara iyo yakazvimiririra mutengi. Kuisa kana broachaching simbi mutsara kuimba yayo. Mari yemasangano ekuvaka uye masangano ekuvakwa zvinoenderana nekuoma kweiyo purojekiti, pane zvishandiso zvakaiswa, uye ... Pane huwandu hwemasangano anobatanidzwa mukurongeka kwegwaro. Pakati pavo pane statenergonadzor, gorgazi, rostelecom, etc. iyo inodhura michina, yakakwira huwandu hwakatarwa. Izvo hazvisi chakavanzika kuti kushandiswa kwebasa remujekiti kwakachipa pane kutenderwa kwematanho mukutonga, uye ivo vangangove vashanu uye kwete gumi. Kuisirwa kweTurnkey Simba Line pamwe nekubatana kwese muDunhu reMoscow kuchaita muridzi weimba yeumwe neumwe imba kubva ku7 kusvika pamakumi manomwe ezviuru. rubles - gigantic kupurukira! Mhinduro yakachipa ndiyo iyo mhepo yekuisa kuimba kubva kuhuwandu hwemagetsi tambo inotsigira voltage kune 0.4KV. Zvimwe chete, asi nekubatanidza kune yakakwirira-voltage Simba renji uye kushandisa shanduko yekushandura, mari yakakosha.
Vagadziri vanotenda Moserenergo uye dhairekitori yeRoyal Electrose JSC yekubatsira kugadzirira zvinyorwa.