Ngano nemazambiringa ari kutengesa zvisizvo mataira emakareti. Mhando yemhando, vagadziri, kumashure, dhizaini uye mutengo.
Isu tichataura nezvenyaya yazvino yeiyo yekare yekunyora zvinyorwa, ceramic mataira. Tichataura nezve vagadziri, maitiro emhando, kusimbiswa, dhizaini uye mutengo. Ini ndinomarara ngano dzinoverengeka kana, kana iwe uchida, stereotypes iyo isingazopa zororo kune vatengi uye vatengesi
Ngarava yemusika
Iyo Russian Ceramic Tile Musika yakatanga kugara ichigamuchira fomu muna 1996-1997. Ipapo vatengi vaigona kutsaura mataira chete seyekuimba, Italy, Spanish kana Czech, pasina kuenda kuzvinhu zvekugadzira, mhando nemitengo. Vatengesi vaive vakakwana kuunza zvigadzirwa mumatanho ekutakura neakagadzirwa muItals chitambi, uye kubudirira kwekutengesa kwakapihwa. Nhasi, chimwe chinhu: Mutengi anouya anokwanisa uye kupeta.Sekureva kweiyo 2002 nhamba yetsika uye huwandu hwenyika takasanganiswa, chikamu chezvirimwa zveRussia chakatarisana neTile Market - 66%, Belarussian OJSC "Keramine" - 14%, uye yakasara 20% inokamura vatinoshanda navo kure. Isa iyo yekupedzisira iri kuburuka kuraira: 29.2% yekununura kunobva kuSpain, 25.4% kubva kuItari, 13.7% kubva kuPoland. China, Slovakia, Turkey account ye5% uye, pakupedzisira, paLithuania, Germany uye Czech, isingasviki 2%. Nyika Dzakadai seFrance, Great Britain, Iran, etc., usiyambuke muganho mumwe-unozvipira, saka vakabatana: zvese pamwechete, 5.5% yeiyo chikamu chekupinza.
Italy, Fashoni Lefislator yemasikati emakore ekupedzisira makore zana, yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo 95% yevose vagadziri vepasi rose vechigadzirwa ichi. Anopfuura makumi matatu nemashanu emucheka uye makawanda emabhuruku ezvekushandisa anoshanda pane nyika yese munharaunda inonzi Modena. Gore rega rega kutanga kwaGumiguru, ivo vanokwikwidza pane yakakura kwazvo Italian International Exhibition Cerssie muBologna. Zvinhu zvitsva zvinowira pamusoro pezvinyorwa zveRussia malons uye zvitoro naFebruary-Kubvumbi gore rinouya. Sezvo mumunda wezvipfeko zvapera, hauzoyeuke jekete yakatengwa nekutengesa, asi usakanganwe iyo yakasimudzirwa kardin, uye mutengi zvidhori hazviwanzo kusiyanisa mazita emafekitari akawanda, asi anokudzwa mutsvene Favorites: Cooperativa Ceramica di Imola, Marazhi, Atlas Concorde, Iris, Mariner, Marca, Marca, Marca, Cedir, Richuchetti, Cedir, Cedir.
Spain - Nyika iri munyika maererano neVhoti Mugadziri weTile - Yakatanga Kutevera Italy 50-60 makore apfuura uye zvinobudirira zvinobata pane tekinoroji yeItaly nemidziyo. Zvese zvinhu zvakafanana: Iwo mazana matatu emachira ari muCastellon Terrain anoburitsa zvavaiwana muEnisheni International Exhibition Cetrain Cere, inoitirwa muValencia pakupera kwaFebruary uye kutanga kwekufamba. Kurasikirwa kwemasikati anotarisana nekupa mafekitori gumi nemaviri. Pakati pavo, Aparici, vives, metropol, Diago, Tau, Venus, Peronda, Navarti, Etc.
Mugadziri wepamba akanyatsonaka kubva pakutenderwa kwa1998, paakaenda kuparadzanidzi kubva kune vanopinza. Asi mumakore maviri ekupedzisira, zvichitevera shanduko yekupindwa muropa, iye aifanira kusimbisa kugadzirwa, kuti asimbe kunze kwenyika (Rhin Italian) zvishandiso, shandisa madhiri eItaly, snap, gidhi uye kunyange kukwezva techrian technologists. Semuenzaniso, tinopa iyo "Sokol" (Kdenovsk, Dunhu reMoscow), "Velor" (Brand "(Brand"), orging dari), madimikira ekuedza) uye "madimikira emifananidzo" (dhairesi " Zvakare, mitambo mitatu yeItaly yakatangwa kuOjsc "Stroyfarfor" (G. Shechta, Rostivov the dhaiti) kubva muna 2001. Mitsara mitatu yeItaly yakatangwa. Nguva pfupi yadarika LLC "Bashkerama" (The equanka yeiyo Oktyabrskaya Ceramic Tile Production Zvigadzirwa) zvakagumisa zvibvumirano zvekupa mitsara yekuburitsa mataira ekutarisana nemasikati. "Chengeta, comrades !!!" Nekudaro, hazvidikanwe kuti urege kurerutsa vatengesi vakasvika kuPrefafate Stuvel vhoriyamu muna 2002.
Iye mukuru anokwikwidza mune zvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zveMabhizimusi anogadziridzwa eRussia inobva kuEast Europe, Poland uye Czech Republic. Matanda Makore mashanu apfuura akapfuura nepakati pekusarudzika kwekugadzirwa uye iye zvino anoshingairira kutengesa mataira mumutengo weCentral ($ 10-15 ye1M2 ye 1M2 Background tiles). Unas ane mukurumbira kwemafekitori mashanu ePolish maFakisi: Opoczno naTubadzin, ichiteverwa neCeramika-konskie, parderyz uye polcolirit.
Zvipingamupinyi zvikuru kuRussia muRussia muRussia (Villeroyboch, hoba simbi, uye neChirungu) madhora makumi matatu nemashanu emadhora makumi matatu nemashanu) uye stereotypes yevatengesi uye vatengi. Tile yeFrance pamberi peiyo Cerabati Factory, iyo chikamu cheGrabo Marazi (Sennaya Turnover Fekitori (Sennaya Turnover Fekitori (Sennaya Turnover muna 2002, 760MlNere) Kunyangwe kunaka kwakanaka, kugadzirwa kwakanaka, kushamisika mapoka ekugadzira uye mukurumbira weTurkey kuGermany, nekuda kwekusarongeka kwevatengi veRussia, ichi chigadzirwa hachina kuzoparidzwa kubva kwatiri. Kumabvazuva kweRussia, tile Chinese yakabuda kare, zvino ichipinda zvishoma nezvishoma kumadokero. Ichi chigadzirwa chinoratidzwa nemhando yepamusoro (technologsists), yakaderera retail mutengo (kunyangwe pakakwirira yekutakura inodhura inodhura inodhura nezve $ 10 pa 1M2 "kumashure" uye akasiyana siyana anonakidza ekuunganidza magadzirirwo. Izvo hazvisati zvaitika kune veserine chikamu charo, asi pane tsika yekuwedzera kuburitsa kununurwa nekuda kweshoma kune ese Eastern.
Taura nezve mhando
Kutanga, ceramic yakatarisana nematombo emadziro emukati haagoni kufananidzwa neiyo pasi til uye iyo porcelain yakawanda. Maererano neEuropean Eniso uye Goost 27180-2001 zviyero "nzira dzeCeramic", zvinoratidzwa mukirasi yakakosha, mukuwedzera, nguva pfupi yapfuura, Russian yakabatana neEurope. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuenda uye en ceramic kutarisana nemadziro ejometric paramita, asi haina kuongororwa kwekupfeka uye kupokana kubva mukunze (pekugara kubva mukunze uye mugwagwa " ).
Zvinodiwa SESO kune hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwekutarisana nemakiromita
| Technical conts | Yakajairika cen uye go | Kutenderwa kutenderwa |
|---|---|---|
| Urefu uye upamhi | EN98. | Maximum0.8% |
| Ukobvu | En 98. | Maximum 8% |
| Kutwasuka | En 98. | Maximum 0,8% |
| Nharaunda | En 98. | Maximum 0.6%(Goost haina kutsanangura) |
| Kubata kwemvura | En 99. | Isingasviki 16% (isingasviki24% yecarbonate misa uye polymineral clay) |
| Simba rinoshanduka | En 100. | More 15mpa |
| Kuramba kuBrasion | En 101. | More 6balls pamamoos |
Kuongorora mhando yekutarisana nemakiromita eCeramic inoitwa pahwaro hwehuwandu hwemaharimita. Kutsauka pakureba uye upamhi kwete kupfuura 0.5% inoenderana neyepamusoro-kirasi tile. Minzwa inoreva kutsauka kwemakona kubva pane yakarega isina kupfuura 0.3%. Linear zviyero zvine mutoro wekurongeka kwemasonry, zvakatwasuka uye kufanana kwekukora kweiyo intercutric seams. Kubata kumeso kwepamhepo kwakafukidzwa nematairini kwakanyanya nekuda kwehunhu hweumwe neumwe munhu. Zvigadzirwa zvine kunyangwe zvisina basa kujekesa chikamu cheMedhia kana mukodhi unoumba ndege isina kujairika. Kuwedzera kune mutsara zviratidzo, iyo physico-kemikari kugadzikana kunoita basa rakakosha mukuongorora kunaka kwetizi. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvinyorwa zvacho zvinogona kuremara, izvo zvinoratidza kunaka kwayo. Imwe nzira isingadiwe yemidziyo ndeyekugona kugona kutora mvura. Tile kazhinji inoshandiswa mumakamuri emvura, uye uyo ari kunyatsobatikana nemunyoro, anogona kushandura mutsara wayo wemutsara, kuparadza zvinyorwa zvinosunga, wobva wabuda kunze. Iyo chiyero ichi chinoda kuti kuwedzera kwemukati kweiyo bvunzo yemuenzaniso panguva yekugadziriswa kwemanyoro haina kupfuura 0.1%. Uyezve, tile inotariswa kuratidzwa kwehungwaru uye kuramba kune zvinwiwa zvehasha, senge hydrochloric acid, potassium alkali, makemikari emumba.
Iyo denderedzwa reTloze pane tsizi rinotariswa kupokana nekukanda matanda kubva kumaminerari, kuomarara kweizvo zvinozivikanwa. Mhando inotsanangurwa maererano neye moos chiyero (chinosanganisira 10 hunyanzvi-Ottilka kune diamondi). Izvo zvidiki zvinodiwa zvekugadzikana kwepamusoro kweiyo glazed tile - mohs6, iyo inoenderana nemumingo.
Kechipiri, ngano yekuti yechipiri neyechitatu giredhi inotumirwa kwatiri kubva kune imwe nyika, kunyimwa kwakazara kwenzvimbo. Zvigadzirwa zvinotemerwa neyekuchengetera uye inoshanda maitiro. Maererano neAnesthetic maitiro, zvinoenderana neES98 standard, pamusoro petsika inofanirwa kutaridzika yakasimba. Kwekutanga giredhi, kuvapo kwe5% yemasikati nehurema mubato rinobvumidzwa. Zvinoenderana neiyo inoshanda maitiro, kurudziro yekusagadzikana, kuramba kuratidzwa kwemakemikari, brasion, etc., - iyo paramende yakataurwa muyero pane iyi tile inofanira kunge iri mukati mepafura pazasi. Giredhi rechipiri rinobvumira kutsauka kudiki kweiyo inoshanda parameter yejira kubva kune inobvumirwa tsika mune yechina chikamu chebhatiri. Pasi pegiredhi rechitatu, vanonzwisisa tera rose, iro risina kupinda giredhi rekutanga neyechipiri.
Mugadziri wega wega anoona mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvayo. Vatengesi vehukuru havatarisana nepfungwa yehuwandu, nekuti mumitengo yemitengo yemafekitori inoratidza zvigadzirwa zvegiredhi chete. Pamusoro pechigadzirwa ichi, giredhi repiri rinobuda, semutemo, kwete anopfuura 10%. Hazvibviri kufanotaura mhando dzemapato pamberi, nekuti muchato uripo. Naizvozvo, zvidyarwa hazvigone kuvimbisa kuvapo kwechikamu chechipiri-giredhi, chisingazombofi chakaronga mutengesi akakomba. Giredhi rechipiri riri pakuvakwa kwezvinhu zvikuru, masangano ehurumende, zviteshi zvechitima ipo pakatarisana nekondirakiti pane zvakatarisana nematambudziko anopararira zviyero. Dzimwe nguva zvidiki zvidiki zvechipiri-giredhi zvinowira mumapere madiki anotengeswa nemavhoriyamu madiki. Nekudaro, mutengo wekutengesa wechirimwa pane tsizi yegiredhi rechipiri harisi rakanyanya kuenzaniswa nematambudziko angangoitika panguva yekuita kwechigadzirwa ichi. Vitoga Iyo Retail Kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvegiredhi repiri rakaderera pane mutengo weiyo yekutanga yakazara ne5-10%. Kucherekedza, kurongedza uye kutaridzika kwetsika yechipiri akasiyana siyana akasiyana neakafanana maheti eiyo yekutanga tile, uye nyanzvi ichagara ichisarudza mhando. Nekudaro, pane nyanzvi yakafanana pakati peshamwari dzako, ivo vanozonyora mutengesi asina kururama uye achadzosera kururamisira? ..
Yetatu, muEurope yagara yakagadziriswa dambudziko remhando yerudzi rwakadai. Kuve nemari yemari, ingotenga mutsara weItari uye zvinopesana, uta technologist. Dambudziko remhando rinogadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvo zvishandiso zvinotarisana nemidziyo yekutanga wave yakatengwa muGDR (izvi zvadzvanya uye mitsara inotyisa). Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, inotsiva imwe nyowani (kunyangwe ichibvira, uye kwete chitsva - pane yechipiri musika) Italian michina. ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOKOSHA mukugadzirwa kwemasikati muHupo hwetsetse yemazuva ano nderwechokwadi kutevedzera tekinoroji pamatanho ese uye mhando yekudzora mhando. Naizvozvo, mukugadzirwa kwechirimwa cheCeramic, iyo inoshandisa Italian technologsts uye uko iyo System Intanti Intanti Inosimbiswa Zvinoenderana neInternational Stuales Iso9001 kana Iso9002, iwe haugone kusahadzika. Asi zvese izvi zvinodhura, uye apo pasina bhizinesi rimwe chete muRussia, kunyangwe paine zvimwewo zvikwata zveTekinoroji kubva kuItari Nhasi (yePrimmer, tinodaidza mafekitori " Ngativimbei kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera kutsiva kwakanaka kuchave "nyanzvi dzeRussia" dzakapfuura nenhamba yakasimba.
Ngano yekugadzirwa
Iyo technical parameter yetile yakarongedzwa uye tarisa chete hafu yemutengo wayo. Iyo yechipiri hafu ndiyo mhando yekugadzira - iyo paramende inoisa musoro. Nekudaro, ndiye anoumba budiriro yekutengesa yekuunganidza (akateedzana), nekuti semhedzisiro, tille inosarudzwa zvichienderana nemapindiro emunhu. Ichi chigadzirwa chiri kutengwa uye kutengwa ichi chigadzirwa chine kuunganidza (Series), iyo inozivisa iyo yemukati yeiyo nzvimbo yakacheneswa (neo-yemahara Sanfeyaans). Kushuva kweunganidzwa wega wega kunosanganisira kumashure kwedile kufukidza 80% yemadziro emadziro, uye zvinhu zvekushongedza. Mukati, marudzi ese ezvinyorwa zvakanaka zvinosanganiswa: mifananidzo, kupenda, kuongorora, kuiswa mashizha.
Kune zvinyorwa zvepamoyo uye zvemazuva ano zve cramic matiles emadziro emukati.
Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare. Kuunganidzwa kwekirasi kunoumbwa nevose vagadziri zvakaenzana. Izvi zvinowanzove matani maviri emasikati emasikati ane mitsetse (kutevedzera kweimwe dombo). Ziva kuti rima toni, semutemo, iri pasi pemadziro, zvimwe chiedza pamusoro. Uyezve, yakashongedzwa kupenya muchimiro chemasikati nemuenzaniso, kupatsanura muganho nekushongedza uye zvakasiyana-siyana mitsetse, fries, plinths. Iyo dhizaini inoenderana nehunhu hwenyika yemugadziri wemhizha.
Muchiunganidzwa weItaly mune imwe fomu kana imwe kune antiquity theme (rustic mhedzisiro, marble nzvimbo, bulk maruva orral of the comment ye curb). Mavara mavara uye legant ruvara. Whiteans muRussia inotonga beige, brownish, mwenje terracotta, mwenje webhuruu toni. Uyezve, iyo yakasarudzika iri mune assortment yeanenge vese vagadziri veItaly. Iko kusarudzwa kwakawanda kunopihwa naAriana, Marazhi, Tagina, Marca, Iris, Garden, etc. Work's Offering neCécor, kana mune anofunga, kana uchida tiles Kubva kuFirosfi Series kubva kuGardenia OrShidea. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoda zvakadzama mari - kubva kumadhora zviuru zvemadhora kusvika pamadhora zviuru zvishanu zvekupenya kweiyo bath size 20m2. Dudziro isinganyanye kududzira inogadziriswa muunganidzwa weDongo kubva kuAriana ($ 22 ye1M2 "kumashure"). Pano tiigi haitumane nedombo rechisikigo, uye mutengo wayo unokutendera kuti uchengetedze mari pombi. Kazhinji, sarudzo yekuunganidza kirasi yakakura kwazvo (postpoint uye chitarisiko). Zvimwe chete, iyo Legendary yeItaly Classic ndiyo inonyanya kumhanya zvinhu, saka inoita kuti zvese zvisina usimbe, kusanganisira muSpain, Poland neRussia.
Spaniards ane mimwe matairi anopenya uchishandisa dhayi rakajeka, goridhe, simbi. Muumbi wemuganhu, kuguta kwemasikati emashure eMyanavas kuunganidzwa kubva kuAcangavas kuunganidzwa kubva kuAparici ($ 24), Jazz naEniza kubva kuDigo ($ 20), madhora makumi maviri) kutakura nguva yekukunda kwemombe. Chishongo chekare chinotongwa muTau Factory Paloma Series, uye iyo motifsiranean motifs ichaverengerwa muToscana Unganidzo kubva kuPeronda. Neshoko, mune manifomu mani yekushongedza yetizi, unogona kuteedzera kushanduka kwese kweSpanish Classical Art.
Mune menyhon hollins dzakateedzana kubva kuJohnson (United Kingdom) yakaita Chimiro cheVictorian. Iyo yeBritish haizochengetwe pane yakazara pendi uye legant dhizaini. Kune mumusika wedu uye mataira neyekare yeRussia decor. Semuenzaniso, zvakavakirwa pamusangano wechiRussia temberi zvakagadzira muunganidzwa "rombo regoridhe" reiyo zita rekuti "kerama". Heano mapatani ekuti madziro emavara eiyo Xvi-Xvii mazana emazana emakore akashongedzwa.
Muzvikamu zvezvakaitika kare zvakakoshesa zvinodarika madhora gumi nemashanu emasikati emasikati anotsigira kutevedzera kwemavara ezvisikwa, kunyanya dombo. Zvakare, zvakawanda "mafekitori ekutanga" anopa kuunganidza nemaune nemaune nemapepa asina kuenzana uye chamfer yakagadzirwa kuti kana seam ichisvetuka seam yakanyanya kuenzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo divi rakaoma rakanakira mumhando, mhedzisiro yacho yakagadzirwa chete nekuda kwechikamu chinooneka. Izvi zvakasikwa pasi peiyo yekare pakurudziro yemugadziri inowedzera nehurefu hwezvidimbu (kusvika pa100cm) uye kusaenzana masonry. Iyo inonyanya kuwanda, curviinenar uye tiline, iyo iri pedyo nayo kune yekutanga (dombo), iyo inodhura. Zvimwe chete nezvinounganidza, pedyo sezvinobvira, kupukutwa mramor nekudhirowa kwaro kwakanaka kwemahara (seye muImardi kubva kuTroupta, Spain). Inodhura 1M2 yezvinhu zvakadai madhora makumi matatu nemashanu.
Kuunganidzwa kwemazuva ano. Chitarisiko chavo chakazara pasi pemufundisi wemugadziri, uye hapana miganhu yekufungidzira. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaenzana, kunze kwehuwandu hwependi muTytyakov Garari kana Hermitage. Mukuwedzera, matekinoroji emazuva ano anotendera iwe kuwana mifananidzo yemhando yemifananidzo.
Neoclassic inovakwa pane mamwe ma canons iyo nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare: iyo mamiriro akafanana, iyo miganhu imwe chete. Asi marudzi evanhu anoratidzwa zvakanyanya, sependi yeanonokaxix-kutanga kweiyo XXVEK kubva kune vekare frescoes. Iyo Floral Orchid inoshandurwa kuita mifananidzo yechiSchematic yeColor (Mira kubva Cerabati, France kubva ku "Murata" kubva "Falcon" ($ 10), "Eldorado" "($ 10), zvese - Russia). Iyo yekukurudzira yekushongedza inoshanduka kuita jeometric mapatani, asi kufanana neshuma sinusoids, histogram (matisse kubva kuTau- $ 20), ruzha rwechikamu (Riflessti sul mare kubva pane fap- $ 35 pa 1M2). Paunenge uchigadzira tsizi yakadaro, zvese maitiro ese eshandiso anoshandiswa, kazhinji anowedzerwa pamwe nekunyora mamiriro ekumusoro. Inogona kutevedzera ripple yemvura pane mvura (graghic kubva kuAtlas concorde- $ 29), kuve rough (Habana kubva kuAparici- $ 21) kana kufanana neiyo bark yemuti (Kora kubva kuTubadzin- $ 15 ) kana "pupadzin" (sity-kubik kubva perenda- $ 22).
High tech tech maitiro anoratidza madiki uye postmod premolist kuenda kuTile dhizaini, iyo inoratidzwa mumashure memashure matoni uye zvisingaenzaniswi, lacocic, kazhinji chibvumirano chemonofirome. Zvine mwero "noranic" maruva uye huswa kupururudza pane tile lilly magadziri anobva kuSekuru. Muhuwandu huzhinji, muganho wepamberi unoonekwa, unokwanisa kuwedzera zvakanyanya kukwirira kwekamuri (semuenzaniso, muGriffe Pergamo Ungano kubva kuSant'Agostino- $ 35 PER 1M2). Metallization inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kazhinji kazhinji pane mu neoclassic, akasiyana siyana maficha akasungirirwa. Cherekedza kuti mukushaikwa kwezvishongo zvakajeka, iwo mavara uye vhoriyamu tamba yakakosha basa (Bravo kubva kuMvivha- $ 22, Crair Tabaco kubva diago- $ 22).
Iko kushandiswa kwemhando yakawanda-fomati monophonioni tiles (Marocco kubva kuBardelli) inobatsira kuwoneka kuwedzera nzvimbo. Nechinangwa chimwe chete, unogona kushandisa iyo inonzi architectural (dhizaini) tile. Iyi iri nyore kumashure tile yemavara akasiyana uye saizi (1010, 1515, 2020cm). Iyo inobvumira mugadziri wemukati kuisa chero yakakurisa zvishongo.
Maitiro emadzinza ari kuwana simba nehumwe hutsva hwekuratidzira. Nyaya yeAfrica inotarisa nenzira itsva mune yakanyanya-yemazuva ano mamiriro eIris Transparenze muunganidzwa. Izvo zvinyorwa zvekushongedza zveKatanga Series kubva kuSoftuler ($ 22) dzinoitwa zvichibva pane iyo totem masks uye zvishongo zvechinyakare zvemadzinza eAfrica. Simple yeGeometric maumbirwo uye yakajeka yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopa kumanzwiro erwiyo uye simba risingazvidzivirirwe remusango.
Izita reSavanna Unganidzo (Cebabati) anodaro pachayo. Sokunge kuti mapoka eshambu diki, pakati pekushongedza tsizi, akasendamira pakatarisana nekudzvanya uye akasiya chidimbu chakaburitswa chematehwe ematehwe. Avot pasi pechiratidzo chezvese chiratidzo "yin-yan" pakanga paine kududzira zvishoma kududzirwa kwemapoka echiJapan uye eAfrica eAfrica (yin-yang akatienderana naMarazi).
Maitiro uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Nhasi, mafomu makuru ari kuwedzera: 3040, 3060cm. Mutengi anoita kunge anoedza kukanganwa kuti makore 15-20 apfuura, tiles yese yakanga ine zviyero zve 1010 uye 1515 cm. Uyezve, chikamu ichi chinovavarira kuwanda kwehurefu kuhupamhi 3: 1.
Muna 2001, kuItaly Exhibition Cerssie, mamwe mafekitori akazivisa kuunganidza kwe pseudo-ngoro. Yaive reti reti yegumi nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nematanhatu-models em makwere neye 1 kana 2 cm. Kuti uwedzere kutevedzera kwaMosesi, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakaitwa chakasiyana nevamwe mune rumwe ruvara. Muna Gumiguru 2002, anenge ese mafemu akatanga kuburitsa pseudomosis seyakadzika kana kushongedza. Inotsanangurwa chete: Nhasi iyo Mosaic yakakurumbira, iyo, ichokwadi, yaisakwanisa kushandisa vagadziri vematayi echinyakare. Pamusoro pehuremu hwemashure mataira, pane uye zviratidziro zvemakoronga vertical pane inochinja shuwa kuitira kuti nzvimbo dzakakomberedza dzisatarisana. Kurova Kwemaruva Akazara (iyo inonzi clof gamut yakarongedzwa neyechokwadi mosaica) Isu tine nyeredzi mwenje kubva kuTagima- $ 60 (Italy), etc. Vamwe vagadziri vanopa moses yekushongedza (semuenzaniso, iyo yekudzokorora kuunganidzwa kubva kuFap).
Muna 2002, muLeaado Series kubva kuRubatsiro (Italy), Perle kubva kuAriana (Spain), Ceramika Bardelli (Italy) uye mamwe mafekitori ane tsizi, anokudzwa zvakanaka. Mifananidzo yemifananidzo yemavara uye kunyange kubereka kwemapendi kunoiswa kune kwayo silk-screening nzira. Ngatitii kubudirira kuchakudziridzwa uye muna 2003 mumaunganidzwa wevose vagadziri kuchaonekwa mafoto evanhu kana kubereka kweunyanzvi pane tiles.
Mwedzi mumwe nehafu yapfuura, muna Ndira 2003, miviri miviri yakaunzwa pakuratidzira muMunich, iyo yakasanganisa mafambiro maviri ekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwetile. Nhungamiro yekutanga yakatove yakavezwa mune mamwe maunganidzwa, aya masters kana kucheka anogadzirwa nekucheka hydrophic. Muenzaniso weiyo nzira yeiyi nzira inogona kuve metropol fekitori tile (Spain), uko kune maakavhurika kumashure kwetidhi, kwaunogona kuisa zvakasiyana siyana zvekushongedza zvinhu. Mapapiro uye kuyerera kubva kuTowuler envelopu haina kuparadzaniswa wavy yakatenderedza mumhepo yemashure edhiji. Kubvisa pamucheto, iwe unogona kuumba sinusoidal seam, iyo yakanyanya kusiyana neiyo tsika yetsika yeiyo grid. Gadziriro rwechipiri rinoitwa mumugariro wechizvininipisa, vachidzokorora contour of the slots mudombo. Iyo yekumberi inoitwa uchishandisa maLED akanyorwa mukobvu yezvinyorwa zvinojeka. Mitengo mina inogara yakabatana mienzaniso yezvinhu zvakabatana kune imwe network voltage adapter.
Iyo yeRussia maindasitiri dhizaini achiri muhucheche. Kana iyo yakajairwa yekuunganidza inosimbisa sarudzo ye4-5 yemuvara mimvuri, vagadziri vemugadziri havana master3. Basa guru rezviyo "Pliteprom" nhasi kukudziridzwa kweanokugona kuita kunoita kuti usimudze mitengo, uye mushure meizvi, zadzisa iyo yekugadzira yekugadzirwa uye kuenderera mberi kweindasitiri. Kuburitswa kunogona kuwanikwa mukuedza kusimudza zvaunogadzira, sezvavanoita mu "chokol", kana mukukwezva nyanzvi dzeItaly, pavanonyorera "zvavanopinda" uye "Velor" (Brand "Kord"). Ito uye imwezve inotounza michero yavo, kuti mutengi arege kumirira kwemakumi emakore.
Ngano yemutengo
Kutanga, mharidzo yevatengi kuti mutengo wekumirira imba yekugezera uchawanikwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwemutengo wemashure madziro emadziro, isiriyo. Akaki Mutengo Wemutengo wekushongedza, pasina iyo imba yako yekugezera inoita kunge chimbuzi cheruzhinji? Kutsigira kushongedza mutengo wemamita mamirimita anowedzera kanokwana ne30% mune iyo yekushandiswa kwemashandisirwo eRussia, uye kaviri sekutumirwa kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti iyo yekushongedza tera kazhinji inhoroondo dzakakosha munguva gumi dzinopfuura iyo kumashure kumashure kana kuverenga 1M2. Semuenzaniso, chinhu chekushongedza cheRussia kugadzirwa kwehukuru hwe620cm mutengo we $ 1.2 kana kuverenga 1M2 kuchaita $ 96. Ito pamutengo we "kumashure" $ 8. Zvekuunganidza vatorwa, unogona kuvaka nhevedzano yakadaro yehukama hweMitengo yepakati "kumashure" (1m2) / Bordur (1PC.): $ 11 /,35; $ 15/5; $ 20/8; $ 35/13. Ehe, iyo yakakura iyo yekushongedza nharaunda, iyo yakadzika kukosha kwayo pane yuniti nzvimbo uye pamusoro pemutengo wayo.Iwe unoti hukama hwakananga pakati pemutengo wezvimwe zvinhu uye mutengo wekupedzisira wekutumira hausi. Ngatipei muenzaniso: 2m2 Background tiles 2020cm yakakosha $ 20 pa 1M2 yakaparadzaniswa ne curb yemasikati mashanu muhukuru 520cm, pamutengo wemadhora masere. Mushure mekuita kuverenga zviri nyore, tinowana kaviri kuwanda kwemutengo wekutakura seese.
Cherekedza kuti inokosha yakakwira mitengo iri muzvinyorwa uye neoclassical kuunganidzwa (seti yemiganhu, yekushongedza inserts).
Kechipiri, pane mafungiro ekusimudzira kuti kuunganidzwa kwekare kwakaburitswa kwakaburitsa pabasa diki rinogara kunodhura kupfuura kuunganidza kwakawanda. Dzimwe nguva hazvisizvo. Vagadziri vehukuru vekunze vanonyanya kuita "kumashure", uye zvinhu zvese zvekushongedza zvakarairwa kubva kune vanotengesa zvekudyidzana, saka mutengo wezvinhu izvi zvinowedzera. Mafekitori uye madiki mafekitori anochengeta mutengo wekushongedza kumusoro kuti uwedzere kubatsirwa. Naizvozvo, hakuchavi nekuenzanisa kuri nyore. Kuti uwedzere kusarudzwa, funga nezve fungidziro yacho. Semuenzaniso, pane yakaderera mutengo "kumashure" paMarazi Factory yekushongedza inogona kudhura kupfuura yekushongedza kwemaoko kuTagina.
Mitengo yemitengo yeyenzi yakanunurwa cramic mataira
| Chikamu muMutengo Chimiro | Goverana,% |
|---|---|
| Kudzidza chibvumirano mutengo | 100 |
| Basa rebasa | gumi neshanu |
| Kukosha Kwakanyanya Mutero (kune iyo sum 100 + 15 = 115%) | makumi maviri |
| Fa | 10-15 |
| Mutengo Wese, uchitora account yekufambisa nemitengo uye yetsika kubhadhara | 148-153 |
| Wholesale margup | 25-35 |
| Wholesale mutengo | 175-188. |
| Trade Surcharge | 10-25 |
| Mutengo weRetail | 185-213 |
Tara nezve zvinhu
Vatengesi vazhinji, vachirumbidza zvigadzirwa zvavo, taura nevhu chena, kupfura kaviri, vachienzanisa zvinhu izvi kune zvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvakapihwa. Ngatiedzei kujekesa zvavakatadza.Tile yakagadzirwa kubva kune tsvuku misa uye chena misa kunyanya nekumanikidza. Huwandu hwehuwandu hunosanganisira red kana chena ivhu, zvichiteerana, zvichiteerana, quartz jecha uye aluminilicates dzeCalcium uye magnesium (munda spattes) uye / kana carbonates. Nezita remazita rinova pachena kuti musiyano mukuru unofanirwa kunge uri muruvara rwevakadonhedza cramic mataira emuviri. Pamberi, inozodzima tsvuku-brownish, mune yechipiri-chena kana yechiedza beige. Iyo huru yemhando paramende yeCeramic Utility iri porosity, iyo yakafanorongerwa iyo shini simba uye mvura yekukanda kwechigadzirwa. Iyo yepamusoro porosity, yakakura mvura yekunyora uye kushoma simba. Hunhu hwechinyorwa chejira chinogona kufananidzwa nekuongorora mvura yekunyora.
Kupfura mataira anoitika pakupisa kwe900-1250c kwemakumi mana-70 maminitsi. Izvo zvinobva pakudziya uye nguva yekubaya kunoenderana nerosimba kweiyo tility scrap, uye kwete kubva kuwanda kwekutanga kana huwandu hwekubira. Uye zvakare, misa inotakurirwa panguva imwe chete ne icing (sekupfura kamwe chete) kana zvakasiyana (seyakapatsanuka) - haina basa. Iyi inyaya yekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi dzakasiyana siyana kuti uwane imwe mhedzisiro. Mutengo chete uri kukura: Zvimwe zvinokatyamadza magetsi - zvinopfuura nzizi.
Nekudaro, mataira ekumirira kwemukati memadziro zvichienderana neakatsvuka kana kuchena kugadzirwa uchishandisa imwe chete kana maviri ekupfura, kunze kwemitengo, uye yakabatanidzwa muboka rimwe chete rebii to eniso to eniso tolerances . Nekudaro, chena clay (kaolin) iri purasitiki yakawanda uye inobvumira kuti uwane kurongeka kwakakura kwehukuru. Mukuwedzera, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana uchishandisa pachena glazes kana mataira asina kuvharwa, ruvara rwechigadziko chakakosha. Kaolina deposits iri muFrance, Great Britain uye Germany, saka ndipo apo chena chena inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira matairi ecramic.
Chechitatu, kutenda kwechokwadi kuti Tile yeSpanish inokonzerwa neicho chega cheki yeSpanish inopihwa kuMusika weRussia ndiyo zvigadzirwa zvepakati-mwero uye classical dhizaini. Mukugadzirwa kwayo, tekinoroji yekushongedza izvo zvisingade mutengo wakasarudzika unoshandiswa. Nekudaro, kana iwe ukaenzanisa dhizaini uye mwero wezvinhu, ivo vanozove neisina kukosha. Uye zvakare, maererano neDare reCustoms, gore rega rega iro gira riri pakati pemitengo yepakati yemitengo yakaderedzwa. Maererano nemhedzisiro ya2002, iri 3.5%, saka hazvifanirwe kutaura nezve mutengo mukuru wemutengo.
Chechina, mumisika yekuvaka, tile haife yakachipa kupfuura muchitoro. Izvi ndezvechokwadi chete zvezvigadzirwa zvepamba izvo zvinogona kutengwa zvishoma uye zvakananga. Semutemo, vatengesi vadiki vanotora mataira ekunze kubva kune vanokuvara zvakanyanya, saka hazvigone kurova mutengo muzvitoro zvezvikamu zvinozvigovana. Uye zvakare, mumusika, iwe unogona kazhinji kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu ausingakwanise kutora mataira kuwedzera kune kushaikwa kana kutyorwa.
Ngativimbei kuti nyaya yedu ipfupi ichakubatsira iwe nekukasira mumusika weCeramic Tile uye kuti usapinda muBabini, zvakaiswa nehunyanzvi munzira yemutengi.
Rondedzero yekutungamira kweRussia Vagadziri veCeramic Tile
| Ichokwadi Izita | Dunhu | Kugadzirwa kwehuwandu,% |
|---|---|---|
| CJSC "Velor" | Oryol Dunhu | 17.7 |
| OJSC Volgograd Ceramic chirimwa | Volgograd Dunhu | pfumbamwe |
| CJSC PKF "Voronezh Ceramic chirimwa" | Voronezh Dunhu | 7.6 |
| OJSC OSCCO Electrometallurgical Sanganisa | Belgorod Dunhu | 6.6. |
| Doao "Kuedza Cramic chirimwa" | Nzvimbo yeMoscow | 6.8. |
| OJSC "Nephrit-Ceramics" | Leningrad Dunhu | 6,1 |
| Ojsc "chirimwa chezvakagadzirwa zveCeramic" | SVERDLLLOVSK Dunhu | 6,1 |
| AOOT "FALCON" | Nzvimbo yeMoscow | 5,7 |
| OJSC "stroyfarfor" | Rosostiv Dunhu | 6.9 |
| LLC "KuchinoSky Cramico-Tile chirimwa" | Nzvimbo yeMoscow | 4.8. |
| CJSC "Bata" | Leningrad Dunhu | 4,2 |
| CJSC "Quartz" | Leningrad Dunhu | 2.6 |
| CJSC PSKOVKOTOUPOR | Pskov Dunhu | 2,1 |
| CJSC "Cheboksarskaya Ceramics" | Chuvash Republic | 1,2 |
| CJSC grebichhevsky cramic chirimwa | Leningrad Dunhu | 1.5 |
| LLC "Kunyanya kugadzirwa" | Nzvimbo yeMoscow | 1,6 |
| OJSC yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka "Nestsovo" | Dunhu reSplensk | 1.5 |
| CJSC piratrla | SVERDLLLOVSK Dunhu | 1,7 |
| OJSC "Bunkovsky chirimwa cheCeramic zvigadzirwa" | Nzvimbo yeMoscow | 2,3. |
| CJSC "angarsk ceramic chirimwa" | Irkutsk Dunhu | 0.9 |
| OSOO "TAZ-CERMICS" | Samara Dunhu | 0.9 |
| Gumiguru ceramic tile uye porcelain fekitori | Republic of Bashkortostan | 0,6 |
| Ojsc tversteklo | TVT Dunhu | 0.8. |
| CJSC "Tomsk chirimwa cheCeramic zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa" | Tomsk Oblast | 0,3. |
| CJSC "kirov stroyfarford" | Kaluga Dunhu | 0.4. |
| Lipetsk fekitori | Dunhu redunhu. | 0 |
| Llc op "krasayarsktroy" | Dunhu reKrasnoyarsk | 0.1. |
| LLC "MAKALINSKEE" | PENZA Dunhu | 0.1. |
| OJSC "BEZ" | Nzvimbo yeMoscow | 0.1. |
| Zvese | 100 |
Ndatenda nerubatsiro rwezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvekambani "Chembere Hottabych", "Lira ceramics", "Priegeer Keramik", "Kirama" "," Fitorg ", TD" . Mukugadzirira kwezvinhu, imbotera data yeiyo Institute yekutsvaga matanho uye kubatana kweiyo nzira yemusika "itcor".