Memo yemutengi akakomba

Shanda papurojekiti: Sangano uye yehupfumi zvinodiwa zveArchitectural musangano, hunyanzvi hwekuita uye mazano ekuongororwa kweiyo purojekiti. Mienzaniso kubva kuhupenyu.

Isu tinoshanda papurojekiti

Saka, iwe unoda kuita yako furati yakanaka uye yakagadzikana, uye kana iwe uine rombo rakanaka seinyanzvi yekuvaka nyika. Dambudziko rakakura kwazvo pane iyi nzira sarudzo yekugadzira. Kei akafunga kutora zvakafanana zvakanyanya sekusarudzwa kwehafu yayo yechipiri, nekuti mukati memukati yakasikwa nekuedza kwekuita iwe uchararama, pamwe kwemakore mazhinji. Mukuwedzera, ichafanirwa kutaurirana yakakwana kutaurirana neiyo muvaki, kanokwana mwedzi mitanhatu isati iri (Project + inotariswa nemunyori). Kufunga mamiriro ezvinhu emabasa ezvibereko zvakabatana zvekutaurirana uye kuenderana kwepamoyo. Kana iwe uchida basa remugadziri, asi unonzwisisika hautendi iye, zviri nani kutsvaga mumwe. Hapana munhu anishuwarenzi kupesana nezvikanganiso pakusarudza, saka tinokurudzira kuita rudzi rwemuchato uchachengetedza mari nenguva kana iwe uchiri kutadza.

Pamusoro peakanaka ruvara sketches, chirongwa chakazara-chakasungirirwa chinofanira kuve chakashongedzerwa neicho chinodiwa technical madhiri uye zvirongwa.

Imba yekugezera (maonero epamusoro):	Kuona kweimba yekutandarira:
	Kunyura. Anotyisa tauro raiwe. Hutsanana wadhi. Shower kabhi. Chimbuzi. Kugeza. Kuisirwa kwegungwa mumadziro. Bhokisi rekufambisa. Kuiswa kweSewage muSodium yeimba yekugezera uye mune yenhema corob gl.	GLG bhokisi Podium pasi pekugezera kabhini (kongiri).

Kuitira kuti urege kudyara mumweya wakakuvadzwa wevagadziri kubva pakuvakirwa mukusagadzikana mukushushikana kwako uye zvakavanzika nezvechiitiko chechiitiko chechitatu. Mukadzi, murume, amai, mairi. -Kuita, bhangi), ndiani akakupa chikwereti chekugadzirisa uye kuomerera pane imwe nzira yeiyo nyaya. Pakupera kwemagumo, vazhinji vakaroora munyika yevagari vemo vanopinda muchibvumirano chemuchato uye havaone chero munhu akagumburwa. Izvo zvinongodiwa kuyeuka kuti kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara uye anonamira echibvumirano haagone kuumbwa neyekuongorora yekugadzira kuti gadzira nyanzvi. Naizvozvo, tarisa tarenda rose.

Imwe yenzira dzakavimbika kwazvo dzekusarudza kurudziro yevanhu vari padyo newe, uyo akatogadzira mugadziri uyu. Kutanga, iwe unogona mune yakasununguka mamiriro uye kuti usambofunga zvese zvakanaka uye zvinokonzerwa nemhedzisiro chaiyo yebasa rezvivakwa, izvo zvinetso zvekuita neyakajairwa 10-20-maminetsi mapfuti emafurati. Kechipiri, bvunza shamwari kana shamwari nezve zvese nucy yekushanda naye.

Kana iwe usina mukana wakadaro, uchitevera kushanda kwekusarudzwa kweiyo nyoro, mhedzisiro yeicho ichave iyo sketch chirongwa (forproekt). Pfungwa yekuona, iyo nhamba yakakwana yevatori vechikamu mune nyoro. Ne "vanyoreri" zvakaoma kuziva zvakajeka mudiwa, uye nehuwandu hwevatori vechikamu, zvinopfuura zvitatu kuongorora kwemapurojekiti anova aneta. Kusvika parizvino, ruzivo uye, kuve nedenderedzwa revaitengi, vagadziri vega kana mafemu havafanire kubvuma kutora chikamu mumakwikwi ezvemahara. Iko kuvandudzwa kwemberi ikozvino kunodhura kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu uye pamusoro, saka, kuita zvekuvaka kubva kune vatatu vanokwanisa vatori vechikamu iwe vachazoda kusvika pamadhora mazana mashanu. Semhedzisiro yemakwikwi aunofanira kuwana matatu manhamba eparamende yako, kusanganisira:

1. kuyerwa mifananidzo;
2. General Stature;
3. Floor zvirongwa, kushora, kutsvaira kwemadziro kunoratidza mhando dzekupedza zvinhu;
4. kuiswa kukuru kwekuiswa kwemidziyo yemapombi, kicheni, kupisa radiators;
5. Zvirongwa zveVENTILALATE uye Mhepo Yemamiriro ekunze.

Nezve izvo zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa kuti uongorore mapapuro (mapurojekiti mazhinji arongwa) achataurwa pazasi.

Kana mutengi asina kugadzirira kushandisa imwe mari pane iyo nyoro uye inotenda mukusangana kweshoko rake, uye nekushanya kwemasangano mashanu ezvinyorwa uye kuverenga zvakabuda pabasa ravo (kwete papepa, asiwo mune zvinhu chaizvo), Iye achakwanisa kugadzirisa mubvunzo wekusarudza. Kubva pane zvakadai, usaende kure nevaya vanoda kuronga makwikwi, mhedzisiro yekuongorora ichave sarudzo yevanonyorera venhau.

Iwe unogona kusabvisa chikanganiso nekuburitsa chiziviso cheiyo nyoro mune imwe yeiyo inotungamira midziyo yekuvaka. Ipapo nyanzvi dzinokuwana iwe, chero chiziviso hachisi chidiki kwazvo (kutanga ne1 peji) uye zvicharatidzwa kuti kuronga kwemakwikwi ndiye mutengi wega. Vazhinji vemugadziri vakakwenenzverwa nekuvava nekuvava mune zvigarava zvemakambani makuru uye mumaTarters ehurumende, ayo, chimiro chemugariro, mwanasikana wavo ane mukurumbira pamberi. Mari yekushambadzira kushambadzira kushambadzira kweiyo inodiwa fomati mu "Glossy" magazini yakafanana nemitengo yemakwikwi. Asi iyo mari yekuchengetedza nyaya iyi haifungidzirwe, nekuti kushambadzira kudiki kana kushambadzira mumapepanhau ekushambadzira kazhinji kunogona kuitika kusingaonekwe. Naizvozvo, kana zvisingaite kupa chiziviso chizere-chakaziviswa, zviri nani kudzidza muzvivakwa zvakaburitswa mumagazini emagazini akafanana uye kushanyira mashopu ezvivakwa pachavo.

Kana uchisarudza vatori vechikamu, kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune akati wandei yesangano uye ehupfumi uye technical mamiriro.

A. Sangano uye zvehupfumi zvinodiwa zveArchitectural musangano

1. Desigit chinhu chako chinofanira kunyatsogadzira mabasa avo aunoda kana achiona. Zvinowanzoitika kuti iyi architect yatove yambosiya kana kubatikana mune imwe chirongwa, uye manejimendi ekambani inopa imwe basa rawasina kuona.

2. Tsvaga kuumbwa kwechirongwa chekupedzisira uye kukosha kwayo kwekambani imwe neimwe kuti uzvifananidze pakati pavo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti chikamu cheinjiniya chinopinda ipapo, kana ichi chinongova chirongwa chekuvaka; izvo zvikamu zvinowanikwa muinjiniya chikamu; Iyo kambani inoenderana nekubatana kwekuvharidzirwa kune mvumo. SOSPACE 2002. Mutengo unotevera wemutengo wakagadzira mumusika weprojekiti wakatarisana nemusika wekuvakazve emahara (mainjiniya + nemagetsi, magetsi, maLumbing

   • Vagadziri vega (mota dzisina marezinesi, nekuti zvinodhura kwavari) - $ 20-30 ye1m2;
   • Vagadziri vezvivakwa (marezinesi ebasa rekugadzira) - $ 40-100 pa 1M2;
   • "Kuzivikanwa" vagadziri (kazhinji pasina marezinesi, nekuti havaone zvakakodzera kuvazivisa, kuve nehuremu hwekutevera) - kubva pamadhora zana e1m2.

   Muchibvumirano chine mugadziri, zvinodikanwa kuti ubatanidze chirevo chemunyori. Pane zvikonzero zviviri nei zvikonzero zviviri nei kutariswa kwemunyori kuri madikanwa. Zvitima zvekutanga zveVashandi veMunyori vasina kucherechedzwa kuti mutengi agadziriswe mupurojekiti inobvumidzwa. Mugadziri wechipiri anozopikisa kupikisa chirongwa kune vavaki, uye kuedza kurerutsa kuchaitwa nekuchangobva kuchinjika kuitira kuti vagarisire yavo. Mutengo weKutarisa kwemunyori kunotanga nemadhora zana nemakumi mashanu pamwedzi kana uchishanyira iyo chinhu chechinhu 1 svondo.

   Kana iyo kambani ikangoita chikamu chezvivakwa chete, chinofanira kutakurwa mundangariro idzo "zvidimbu" cheprojekiti yemubhadharo wepakati pa100m2 ichabhadhara:

   • Electrician- $ 300-700;
   • yakaderera-yazvino network- $ 100-200;
   • Plumbing (mvura yekupa + mvura) - $ 10000;
   • Kudziya kwe Loggias, Balconies- $ 10000;
   • Ventilation uye Mhepo Condition- $ 200-400.

   Kubvumidzwa kuMVK (InterDecartl Commission yeDunhu rako) yeKwakadzika, Semuvhurwa Mumadziro anotakura, kuyambuka muzvikamu izvi zvinogadzira kubva pamadhora mazana maviri nemashanu kusvika kumwedzi mitatu kusvika kumatatu kubiridzira mabharari). Kubvumidzwa kwenguva refu kwakadaro kwakanyudzwa zvakanyanya nenyaya yekuti misangano yeMVk inopfuura 1 nguva pamwedzi, saka zvakafanira kutanga kutanga sezvazvinogona. Mugove weshumba weshumba wemitengo wekubvumidza ndiwo mutengo weiyo chirongwa chekuvandudza chirongwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti vanyori veprojekiti chete veimba vane kodzero yekupindira muzvivakwa, mauri mufaro wekurarama, kana 1-2 zviitiko zvakakosha muMoscow (kana imba ikakura uye tsvaga munyori yeprojekiti yake haigoneke). Ndokunge, pane monopoly nemhedzisiro yese yemhedzisiro yemari. Mazviri, chirongwa chekusimbisa chinhu chinhu chidiki. Asi kana iwe ukaedza "kunakidzwa 'nezvavo nezvavo uye zviri pamutemo, kazhinji kazhinji uchangobva kurambidzwa kugadzira kudzorera pasi pekunyepedzera kwekuvimbika kwechivako.

   Kazhinji, dambudziko rekupindira mumidziyo yekutsigira yeimba ine 3 mvumo. Kutanga, pamwe chete neyekugadzira, tsvaga sarudzo, kudzinga zvishoma nezvishoma zvido zvako, asi kukubvumira kuti urege kukanganisa zvivakwa zvinotsigira ("zvakachipa uye kutsamwa"). Kechipiri, bata kambani yakakosha kune iyo iri pamusoro apa ("inodhura, hongu yakanaka"). Yechitatu injinjini inokwanirisa inokwanisa kwazvo inozoratidza nyanzvi yemasangano iyo yako yekugadzirisa iyo yekuvandudzwa kwako kusatyisidzira chivakwa (kune vanotsvaga vevashandi). Isu tinogona chete kufungidzira mutengo wemutengo wenyaya uye nguva yekuita kwayo. Kunyangwe pakanga paine nyaya imwe chete pandakatemerwa nekambani yekambani yakakosha isingakwanisi kuronga kuendesa kuyananisa, sezvo vagadziri vemasangano vaisada kutora mutoro uye kuomesa hupenyu hwavo kuverenga kwakakomba. Chinhu chiri mumunda wekuona kuti mutengi akawira oga akangoerekana asunungurwa kubva kubasa rake maererano neyekudzoreredzwa kwesainzi, izvo zvese zvinobudirira kutarisisa, zvakadhonzwa uye zvinotenderwa kuMonopolist Institute. Iyo inoidhura kune vatengi katatu katatu zvakachipa kupfuura zvakashata zvakakumbirwa. Asi nyaya iyi ndeye kusingawanzo kusarudzika kubva mukutonga kwakawanda uye zvino hazvigoneke, nekuti vanobvumidzwa nezvesainzi vari mukuda uye vakazviongorora zvakakwana. Nekudaro, kana iwe pachako uine dzidzo yeinjiniya ...

   Izvo zvinogara zvichikosha kuraira zvakarongedzwa uye technical chikamu chechirongwa munzvimbo imwechete. Kana iyo yekugadzira iyo yaunofarira kana firm haina kuita iyo technical chikamu, inofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti mutengo we "engineering" inosvika makumi maviri muzana yemutengo wezvakagadziriswa chikamu. Uyezve, iwe uchave wakakweverwa mumachira pakati pemasangano maviri akazvimirira - munyori wechirongwa chekuvaka uye munyori wechijini chikamu icho. Pati yega yega inoratidza kurongeka kwayo, semhedzisiro yaungarasikirwa nenguva yakawanda uye nerves, uye yekutanga mharidzo ichachinja kupfuura kuzivikanwa kwemarudzi ese ehunyanzvi.

Kuitira kuti izvi zviitike

1. Basa rekubhadhara rinofanira kukamurwa kuita matanho:

   • Famburudza (kunyanya 25%, kunyangwe vagadziri vanowanzo bvunza kwe50% yehuwandu);

   • 50% yehuwandu hwakazara mushure mekunge chirongwa ichi chazadzikiswa pamwe chete nechikamu cheinjiniya (hachina basa kuti ndiani chikamu chebasa rimwe chete kana chetatu sangano richaitika) uye kutenderwa kwepamutemo kwezvinhu zvese zvekare mune Zvakakodzera zviitiko (zvisinei kuti musangano uchave uri kuita izvi kana uchafanirwa kushandisa masevhisi evamwe vanhu); Iyi nhanho inogona kukamurwa kuita maviri akaenzana tsoka (po95%): Kutanga, mushure mekupera kwechiitiko, yechipiri - mushure me "engineering" uye kushamwaridzana;

   • 25% yehuwandu hwakazara mushure mekugamuchirwa kwepurojekiti kuti ushande chibvumirano chekuvaka neiyo yakakodzera chiratidzo mune chibvumirano, chinofanira kutaridzika seichi:

     "Basa iri rinogona kuitwa muzere hurefu hweparamende iri pana ____________. Mari yakakwana yekuvaka uye isina zvigadzirwa) ichave iri huwandu hwe ________, iyo isingakwanise kuchinjwa kana mutengi achazoita usave shanduko pabasa racho rakaitwa. Mabasa anoitwa kuti uzadzise _____ mushure mekutambira kumberi. Mutengo wekushandisa midziyo yezvechirongwa uye maitiro ehunyanzvi. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvichave zvichitongwa. Kuwedzeredza kunetsa kusingaonekwe mukuita kwayo mukushandiswa kwayo mukuita kwayo pamwe chete neyekugadzika ivo vasingawedzere mutengo uye nguva yekuita. "

   Ehe, vagadziri nevavaki uye vavaki havafare neshoko rakadaro, asi kana vari vane mutoro uye vanokwanisa nyanzvi uye vasina chavanokwanisa kutya. Vatauri vari nani pane bhizinesi zvachose, havazokwanisi kushandisa mari nenguva uye zvese zvichafanira kuitazve. Kune ruzhinji rwevaki chivimbo mukutsamwa kwako muchibvumirano naye zvingave zvakanaka kuti tisarudze nguva yekuvandudzwa kwechikamu chechirongwa, kushamwaridzana nemvumo uye sarudzo yesangano rekuvaka. Pa "engineering" yeimba yepakati kuoma kazhinji inotora mavhiki 4-6, pakubatana kwekuvhurika mumadziro uye kudarika - mwedzi 1.5M -,5, kusvika pakusarudzwa kwesangano rekuvaka - 2Mavhiki 2-4. Saka, kusarudza iyo yekupedzisira kuyananiswa kune iyo mvk. Asi inochengetedza izvo zvinogona kutangisa zvakangoita panguva imwe chete neArchitecturay dhizaini, sezvo gadziriro yekugadzira yefurati inowanzo iya mukati memavhiki maviri ekutanga. Mushure meizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti umhanye nekukurumidza pane zviitiko zvezvirongwa zvekuvandudza mutariro muTariro yekuwana zvese zvinobvumirwa panguva imwe chete neyekupedzisira kugadzirira kwepurojekiti.

   Ehezve, matanho akanyorwa pamusoro haazokuponesai kubva pakugadzira zvikanganiso, asi ivo vanozobatsira kuziva zvikanganiso izvi zvisati zvaitika mari yekuzviedza uye kuchengetedza mari yako nemitsipa. Mukuwedzera, iwe unenge uine ruzivo rwakakwana nezve mutengo uye nguva yekuita kwekutanga kwekuzvidzidzira uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kukwanisa kurerutsa chirongwa ichi.

   Izvo zvinofanirwa kunyeverwa kana sangano rekuvaka pasina kudzidziswa kwakadzama kwepurojekiti yacho inobvuma kusaina chibvumirano neiyo yakatarwa mafomu. Kunyanya kunge uri kubata nevasonoprofessional ayo asinganzwisise zvavanobatanidzwa. Zvinotsausa iwe zvirinani, kurasikirwa kwenguva pabasa rekugadzirira, munzira yekukanganisa kwevakatanga kuratidzwa (ona-kutarisa pazasi). Asi nenguva yekujekeswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya, iwe unobhadhara basa rakakodzera uye zvigadzirwa uye zvoga zvichakweverwa kana mune zvakaenzana zvekudzosera mari, kana kuenderana kwakaenzana kwekubvisa kushomeka kwemubatanidzwa we muvaki nevavaki pasina muripo. Kana mutengo wekushandurwa uchikosha, saka maitiro anowedzera anogoneka chete. Apretetic - Kambani yekuvaka inogona kuvhara, vanhu varo vane mutoro uye vanogadzira vanonyangarika kubva munda bwenyu hwekuona nekurasikirwa kwese kunobva pano. Zviito zvechiito izvo zvinowanzoita vatariri vane mutoro vasati vabvuma chirongwa ichi uye kusaina chibvumirano nemutengi vachakurukurwa zvakadzama mune zvinyorwa zvinotevera, uye zvino zvichadzokera kuimba yekutandarira.

2. Chibvumirano chakasimba chinofanira kutaurwa nemumwe nemumwe mutambi mumakwikwi ekuvaka muchiitiko chekukunda kwayo muThe Tender, uye zvakare vanonyora zvikamu zvepurojekiti. Kubhadharwa kweiyo nyoro kune kuhwina kunosanganisirwa mumutengo wakawanda wekugadzirwa.

B. Technical Subtletilies yeprojekiti uye mazano ekuongorora kwayo

Systems iri kupisa kamwechete: ichakurukura nezve kuongororwa kweiyo technical uye tekinoroji chikamu cheiyo chirongwa. Kuona kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye hwekusimudzira kwechisiko kuchisikwa, kunyange nyanzvi dzinowanzobvuma panguva imwe chete. Tichakurukura zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvisingaiti.

Mvura-inodzivirira mvura yemvura diagram, vagadziri havasi kukanganisa chinangwa chakaipa, asi nekubvisa. Kana kuve mune yekugadzira kusika, kana zvisingaite zvachose kutarisisa kune zvese zvisina kujairika kushomeka kwezvinhu zvisina kujairika uye kwete zvakaringana furaimende, kusununguka kwe "saizi ye" humbowo hwecheni yega yega, izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi zve Chishuwo chekuvanza chiuno chewebhu mumadziro ekutakura ... uye ndedzipi pombi iripo kana dzisinganyanye zvishoma nezve hunyanzvi hwekuvaka nyika! Asi kubva pakuona kwemari yemari yemari uye yenguva pfupi yemitambo ye "Stedev" "kusavimbika" uku kwakakosha. Saka dzimwe nguva zvinobatsira kudzikisa muvaki nekuda kwemakore enzvimbo inotadza. Iwo anotevera maitiro eiyo tekinoroji inokwanisa chirongwa ichi ichakubatsira uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzira (paunenge uchiongorora zvarwo kare).

Ngatitangei nezviridzwa kuyera. Nechimwe chikonzero, zvinotendwa kuti kana chimiro chemugodhi wemhando "4721mm", mugadziri anonyatsogona uye ane hunyanzvi hwekuti "zvese zvinoverengera kumillimeter." Usashamisika ipapo kuti chirongwa chakadai hachigone kuitwa mumhando yePristine. Vavaki vechokwadi vechokwadi havazotarisire basa re "kukura kwemufananidzo", pasina kuiunza kune zviitiko zvehunyanzvi, mushure meizvozvo iyo yekugadzira inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya.

"Kubvumira kutsauka kwehurefu chaihwo" kuti urege kujairika Roulettes (yechitatu yechokwadi kirasi) yehukuru 4721mm is 1.2mm (gost 7502-98). Icho "paAmbion tembiricha ye20c uye kunetsana kweiyo tepi yekuyera ine simba rekushanda re101n" (quote kubva kune imwe chete gost). Izvi ndizvo, kunyangwe tichienzanisa nemamiriro ezvinhu aya ese akanaka, saizi ye "4721mm" kana kuyera neyakafanana neye roulette inogona kuenzana ne77192mm, uye imwe - 47222mm. Drawstrumental inofanirwa kuwedzera inyirect (1mm) uye isina kurongeka chikanganiso yakakonzerwa nemamiriro akaomarara Mhedzisiro yacho inowanikwa kuti ichichinjisa kuronga kubva pane iyo dhizaini kune chinhu nerubatsiro rwemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuvaka nenzira kwayo, anopfuura 5mm, hazvigoneke zvinogoneka. ItO inopupurira kusagadzikana kwevakavakirwa vavaki, asi nezvechokwadi chinorwadza, icho chinowanikwa chinofanira kufunga nezvazvo. Kupfuura zvese, kuitira kuti uwane zvakanakisa zvigadzirwa, hazvidikanwe kunyengedza musoro kune vavaki nemamirimita. Kana imwe mhando yekuona saizi inofanirwa kubviswa nekukwana kwemamirimita, chirongwa ichi chinoda kutarisa izvi. Kuti akwane kontrakiti mune fungidziro kune label spacecraft uye zvishandiso, uye mutengi akadzidza pachine nguva nezve chiitiko chiri kuuya (nzvimbo) mitengo. Saka, kana uchiongorora chirongwa ichi icho chinobatsira kuti ugone kufunga nezve.

Mutongi Nhamba 1.

Oltimilly, kana iyo yekuronga zviyero (inopihwa mumamirimita) inopera pa "0" kana "5".

Zvino pamusoro pezvekushandisa. Misangano kana Panel Houseching Houseching Cometric Zvidimbu mukati meimba ye100m2 masentimendi (anofarira zvinhu, anogona kuvhura iyo inoenderana inotsvedza). Kutsigira zvakaderera zvikanganiso zve "Vari" Vokunze "Vashandi, izvi zvekutengesa zvinogona kuwedzera makumi emasendi emasendi. Semuenzaniso, musiyano wegumi-wecentimeter musiyano muDiagonils emutambi wehurefu weti "- kwete kuti raramei. A 3-5-centimeter kutsauka kubva kune yakatwasuka yemadziro uye mahwendefa akawandisa ekuwedzera anogona kuwanikwa mune imwe nguva dzese dzimba.

Ino mamiriro ezvinhu kune chimwe chikonzero haishuwo kutariswa kwevagadziri. Ivo vanowanzoenda kune zviyero chete neyekuti tepi. Zviyero zvinoitwa chete mumaviri kana matatu mapoinzi ekuvhara zvimiro uye zvakanyatso kusungirirwa kumadziro ese kana cosed clate (Fig. 1, 2). Semutemo, muzvivakwa haana chishuwo (chiyero chakavimbika chichazoda mazuva 2-3), kana zvekushandisa (pombi, nhanho yemvura neyekureba kubva ku 10m, kurira "kuitisa" uye "kupunha" chechinhu. Izwi rekuti "kuva" rinoreva kutarisa vertice yemadziro, makoramu, etc., "kupunha mwero" ndiko kutarisa ndiro yakatwasuka yekunyanyisa, matanda, etc. Kunzwisisa kuoma uye nekukwira kwebasa rechinhu, vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa masevhisi emapepa akakosha ane zvigadziko zvizere zvezvinhu izvi. Chipatara, iyi nzira zvakare haina kupa vimbiso yakazara kubva kuzvikanganiso. Huye, kana nyanzvi dzekambani dzakakodzera zviyero zvine mutoro, asi kazhinji hakuna kukwana zviwanikwa nenguva. Gadzira basa rakaitwa rinowanikwa chete mukuvaka maitiro apo zvikanganiso zvinopesana. Mari yekambani nenguva ino yatotobhadharwa uye kubva pairi "chiokomuhomwe cheiyo yakatsetseka".

Kuti ubvise "kukuvadza" pane chirongwa chechiratidzo chechiratidzo nenzira dzisina kunaka munzira mbiri:

1. Kuyedza kune zvimwe zviyero zvakanyanyisa uye zviyero zvakaringana.
.
2. Kuteerana neKugadziridzwa KweMutemo Nha. 2.

Kutonga nhamba 2.

Chero saizi imwe chete neyakaitwa neyakajairwa neyakajairwa "Backlash" mukati memasendimita mashoma Chero chero sizi keteni inofanirwa kunge iine imwe chete "yemahara" (kana "saizi ine asterisk"), iyo isingarwadzi kuti chirongwa chinogona kushandurwa mukati me5-10 cm.

Iko kukosha kwedambudziko rakatsanangurwa pamusoro kunosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti kwemakore makumi maviri ekushanda mumunda weElite Kugadziriswa, iwo mutsara wacho haana kumbobvira asangana nekuyerwa kwekupokana uye kuronga madhirowa ayo angave akasimbiswa zvakakwana panguva yekuvaka. Pane imwe neimwe nzvimbo, mabhomba anononoka ekufamba akaputika, akaradzikwa nekugadzira pasi pezvikamu uye mhinduro dzehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, tinopa nyaya mbiri dzekuita tsika.

Fig. Poshi Matanho ane indekisi (a) akagadzirwa neiyo architect, iyo zviyero ne index (p) ndezvechokwadi. C, D- D- carrier monolithic madziro ari kukona yeanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe	Fi.2 A- aripo kutakura monolitiki kushanduka, Dr kuburikidza neVentivalation mabhokisi, e- yakagadzirirwa kupatsanurwa, C, B, Monolitiki Masviro

Mufundisi 1, 2, iyo yekutanga uye inoenderana mimwe zviyero zvakaiswa pasi neyekugadzira yakaiswa neiyo tsamba "A", zviyero chaizvo zve "p". Kune zvakare nzvimbo yezviyero. Mufananidzo1 unoratidza schematic inoratidza nzvimbo yemahara yekuronga imba mumba mangu. Kurudyi, pamusuwo weiyo niche yekugadzirisa kwemagetsi uye waya yaifanira kuiswa, kumashure kweiyo Nymque kabati yeiyo yekunze, yakagadzirwa nekuraira muItari. Mugadziri wacho akagadzirwa ne3-kutenda kuyerwa (nzvimbo dzinoratidzwa mumufananidzo) mumadziro emusuwo wepamberi, izvo zvakasiyana chete 5mm, kusvika padiki remahara racho rakachena. Masvingo aripo uye denga rakasarudza kusapukuta, asi chete rinopinza, sezvavaitaridzika zvakanaka. Iyo gearbox yakagadzirwa kubva kuomesall. Zvinoenderana neContour pakati pemadziro, iyo carous uye kabati, iyo gomba 5mm yakarongwa.

Vavaki vakaita basa rinodiwa, vachipokana zviyero zvekugadzira, muvaki akazvichengetera uye akagamuchira. Iyo Wardrobe yakachengeteka "yakauya" kubva kuItari. Asi pavakatanga kuivaka, zvakazoitika kuti muchikamu chepakati hachipfuure pakukwirira, sezvo iyo ceiling slab ichipfuurira iripo "inoponesa" kusvika ku13mm maererano nenzvimbo yekuyerwa. Ini ndaifanira kusasanganiswa zvakare kabhodhi zvakare, ndichikurumidza kutsvaga bhaini yekushandira, iyo isingatyi "kubvarura" bara rayo repazasi pane zvisina kunaka 13mm, pasina kupaza chigadzirwa. Zviri pachena kuti mushure mekupindira kwakadaro kwevatenzi veimba, iyo yeItaly kabhoni dhizaini haina kuvandudzwa. Mutengi atove akaderedzwa uye aingofungidzirwa nehasha, se "mudenga" akarovererwa zvakare, akanyorwa, akapenda adenga. Mutengi akaputika chete apo zvinhu zvese zvagadzirira "zvakakodzera" wiring "aon zvakare" pedyo "- zvino hupfumi. Isu tichadzikisa mazita asina kujairika, zvirevo uye zvirevo zvekuti mutengi akapa zvakawiswa nemutengesi nevavaki, uye adzokere kune hunyanzvi hwenyaya.

Izvo zvakazoitika kuti pakanga pasina ung 90 pakati pemadziro uye d, iyo kona yaive benzi ne 20mm kuruboshwe (padhuze nepamberi pemadziro apedzerwa pane iyo madziro ekupindirana. Madziro ebhokisi remagetsi emavha emagetsi akagadzirwa nemadziro. Saizvozvo, madziro aya aive pasi pekona yaD (cabinet docoons). Naizvozvo, iyo rectangular kesi yekabati haina kukwanisa kukwana mune inokonzeresa chikamu. Zvese zvingadai zvisina kutyisa kana madziro uye denga zvisizvo zvisiri monolitiki (iyo inotakura fitting yakavhurwa mushure me00m concrete) kana zvirinani kuti vakadzvanywa. Ipapo zviyero zveiyo niche pasi pekabati yaizove neVanyori venhamba uye vakarukwa tekinoroji (verenga nhamba yekutonga 2), kubvumira kusabata midziyo yacho pacharo. Uye zvakare, kana kuisa mapurasiti mapurasitiki, vavaki vanonyatsoona "sagging" yedenga, hafu yedambudziko racho raizobviswa. Asi madziro uye anopfuura madziro aive ngoro uye ingoita zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, zvaive zvakafanira kusasanganisa iyo plasterboard bhokisi reiyo folda yemamiriro ekunze nemhedzisiro inotevera, kusanganisira mumutengi wemutengi.

Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti aifanira kuendesa kwete chete kusevha chete kwekutumira kwechinhu uye nekukuvara kwetsika, asiwo kubhadhara zvese zvaiitika, sezvo vavaki vairwara zvekugadzira, uye pane zvekugadzira Kwaigona kungowana mari yavo chete, akange agamuchira kwenguva refu uye kubhadhara mari yacho hazvina kumbofunga nezve "nguva yechinguvana insolvency." Tsigiro pamwe naye nekuda kwemazana emazana emadhora mutengi anofungidzirwa zvisina basa.

Mufananidzo 2 uchatibatsira kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu chisingafadzi, chisingarwadzi "choparadza" icho chingave chingave chichivapo che "saizi" yeteni (ona nhamba yeChinyorwa 2). Iyo size indexi yakafanana nemufananidzo1, uye zvakare inoratidzwawo nzvimbo yekuisa mukamuri. Iko kukanganisika kukuru kwekugadzira yaive "isina kutaurwa" ventilation kilf (kuburikidza neyepamhepo mukati merimwe) uye kutakura monolitiki kushandura. Pashure pokutambudzwa kwenguva refu, pfungwa ine nzvimbo dzekufamba-famba dzepalwayway, kicheni uye imba yekutandarira yakaparadzaniswa nemakakatara ega akaberekerwa uye mafashoni nhasi. Mukicheni uye mune iyo horoway, yakasarudzwa kuisa tsizi mukamuri rekugara - parquet. Mutsara weTile uye parquet chikamu chinofanirwa kuve neyakawirirana neaxis yerunyararo. Ichokwadi, ndima kubva muvhisigwagwa yekicheni yakawanikwa nemarara, asi ichiri kuenderana neyakaenzana inobvumirwa maererano nemitemo 850mm. Kuparadzanisa uye kusunganidzwa kwemabhokisi emhepo akasarudzwa kuti agadzirise zvidhina uye kuderera. Iyo yekubata niche kuGermany yakaraira kicheni kicheni. Its buthitict ravaki rakatsanangurwa, kutora kubva pakurongedza 350mm kukakavara kwePlasters (20mm), iyo yakajeka yeiyo chikamu (1650) ukobvu kweiyo stew plaster (20mm). Chiyero chimwe pakati pamadziro uye chinhu chakareruka chakaonekwa kwaari chakakwana, kunyanya sezvo chimwe chinhanho chezviyero zvakadzivirirwa neyekare fencleops.

Vavaki pavakadzinga mafenzi aya uye vakaedza kutumira chitsva, zvakazoitika kuti kupora hakuna kuruswa. Madaro pakati pawo, kuyerwa pane rimwe dombo reTorotov, vakasarudzika ne 50mm: 3050 uye 3000mm (ona mhosva.2). Uyezve, mutsawo wakanzi "wakazara" kumadziro pamadziro, izvo, "zvakaringana," akadya "baceral yese yeplaster iri nyore. Izvo zvaive zvisingaite kununurwa madziro - mushure mekunyadzisa venturobobov, kutsauka kwayo kweBizarre kubva kunzira dzakavhurwa. Zvakadaro kuti kunyangwe dhizaini re 20mm Plaster rakazova zvishoma, ndaifanira kupfura pasi kongiri. Kuderedza chinhambwe pakati pe uye e haana kubvumira zviyero uye mutengi.

Nzira iri nyore kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya inogona kuita senge yekuvakwa kwechidimbu yakafanana nekupfava uye kurongedza madziro emadziro eiyo kabhodhi kabhodhi kabhodhi. Masentimendi akati wandei ezvidhinha, "anopenya" panguva imwe chete pane ventcourt, aigona kugogodzwa pasi. Asi haisi chero kupi yekuenda kubva muchirongwa pachiwi. Wedge is is is is-yakafanana yeSeam Tile (mabhodhi, parquet kurongedza) madziro (kana fenicha), ndiko kureba kubva kumadziro kumadziro pakureba kwayo. Kana chimiro cheTile chakafanana nekupusa, upamhi hwechiratidzo parusvingo hwaive makubhiti zana nemakumi mashanu, pamwe chete nemadziro uye mvha 50mm. Kana zvichiratidzira, zvakafanana wedges madziro pamwe chete nemhando yacho ichave makumi mashanu (ona Cris.2). Kune mataira muhukuru 2020cm, izvi, zvirokwazvo, hazvigamuchirwi.

Ehezve, panguva ino, maGerman akatokutanga kuita iyo kabhodhi uye yakaramba zvakanaka kuti ichinje zviyero zvaro. Saizi chete muketani uko kwaigona kuwana kuwana iyo isipo 5cm, yakazove yakajeka yekuparadzanisa. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe paine izvo zvidhinha uye musanganiswa wakaoma wakatotengwa uye kuiswa kuchinhu, chikamu chakaiswa kune chinhu chakaipa chegumi nematanhatu - 50 = 110mm kubva kuomesa madziro. Zvino funga kurasikirwa:

• Musiyano uripo pakati pemutengo wekutenga uye unotengesa zvinotengeswa zvezvidhinha:

  1200pcs.1.3 rubles. = 1560 rub.;

• Naizvozvo, musanganiswa wakaoma:

  25 mabhegi20 rub. = 500 rubles;

• Kutakura: 1500 rubles;
• Kuisa uye kusunungura basa: 1600 rubles.

  Huwandu: 5160 rubles.

Semazuva ese, ndakabhadhara mutengi. Kupererwa nemari uye kuwedzera kwekupedzisira kweiyo nguva yekupedzisira basa rebasa rake hakuna kushungurudzika, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti dambudziko rakagadziriswa.

Asi zvakazoitika kutanga chete. Gypsum coils yakaiswa chikamu uye mabhokisi anokanda, achipa plumbing chete kuwana kune sewer roser. Paunoyedza kunyura pombi yekudhira kubva pakunyura mumadziro ePlumbing, ndakawana masimba emasimba mazviri. Rusvingo rwakasvitswa kuti rive rinotakura, gura kusimbiswa mazviri- ini handina basa kuti ndezvekuona bitch paunogara. Kunyanya kubvira imba yacho yaive pauriri hwechitatu yechivako chegumi nematanhatu.

Zvekare, zvaive zvakafanira kutsvaga kushaikwa kwemakumi matatu neshanu Isnov iyo chete nzvimbo kwavanogona kuwanikwa, vakazoita gobvu rezvikamu. Isu takasarudza kuvhiringidza, kutsiva iyo 75th rack profile pane iyo 50th uye ita imwe-layer trim. Masvingo aive asina kupfeka kusvika ku 35mm kuvanza pombi isina kunaka. Kscharstina zvake, mutengi pamusoro peasina chinhu. Mugadziri anokurudzira vavaki kuti varegedze zvese nemari yake, vachivimbisa kuvapa pazvinhu zvavo zvenguva yemberi uye kuvhara maziso avo pane zvimwe zvikanganiso mumhando. Mugadziri mudiki chaiye akarangarirwa hupenyu:

Kutonga nhamba 3.

Mumadziro ekubereka kubva ku monolitiki kongiri, sewer uye mapaipi emvura haakwanise kuvanda. Hatichazotinurure muverengi aine mienzaniso kubva kuhupenyu uye ingopa zvimwe zvishoma zvinokurudzirwa zvekugadzira izvo zvinovimbisa maitiro ekuvaka kubva pakukanda uye kushandurwa.

Mutongi Nhamba 4.

Niche pasi pechiratidzo chinofanira kuitwa neyakaenderana stock yekuisa kwayo (yakataurwa kubva kune vateresi).

Mutongi Nhamba 5.

Zvichangogadzirwa zvatakagadzirwa mukati macho mumvura, sosi uye zvimwe zvekukurukurirana zvakavanzika, chinofanira kuve nekobvu dzinovimbisa kutakura kwavo uye nekupenya kwemakamuri ane hukama.

Mutongi Nhamba 6.

Nzvimbo dzekuiswa kweMhepo Yemhepo Yemhepo uye Ventylation Blocks inofanirwa kunge iine zviyero zvinofanirwa kuti urege kuisa kwete chete zvidiki, kukotama.

Mutongi Nhamba 7.

Paunenge uchigadzira zvinhu zvekumiswa dombo rekupedzisira, kuvhara ducts uye zvimwe zvekutaurirana, zvakafanira kufunga nezve zviyero zveiyo nhoroondo yekukwira plasterboard.

Mutongi Nhamba 8.

Neiyo yakavanzika kuiswa kwezvinhu zvehunyanzvi (muhuwandu hwazvino hwemavharuvhu), kuwana uye kugadzirisa kunofanirwa kupihwa kwazviri.

Mutongi Nhamba 9.

Mwenje weHalogen yakadzvanywa mudenga rakamiswa, dzakatsamwa nemidziyo inopisa (foam, foam, kupisa uye nevamwe), inofanira kunge iri yega yega inoshatisa insulation.

Mutongi Nhamba 10.

Iko ukobvu kwe "keke" yeiyo insulation yeparapeti yeiyo Loggia (Insulation + 2 se 2 sekisimusi) inofanira kunge iri angangoita 100mm.

RULE №11.

Kubatanidza Sanchiprabrs kune mvura yekupa uye seyakagadziriswa Aya marongero anowanikwa kubva pamifananidzo yemidziyo yakakodzera. Mausi ehutsanana midziyo, akasanganiswa mumadziro (vamwe vavhiringidzi veBhaini, vanogeza, maSystems emidziyo yechimbuzi, etc.) inofanira kupihwa chinhu chisati chavhurika.

Kune ese emitemo iri pamusoro, wedzera yedutu yambiro "dutu":

Matambudziko asingafungidziriki uye akasarudzika ari mukati mavo maitiro ekuita zvinhu zvakasarudzika zvekugadzira uye mitezo, munzvimbo dzinotorwa "(kubva pane pfungwa ye" zvisingagumi mabasa e ". Iko kune ese denderedzwa rematambudziko ayo achakurukurwa muchinyorwa chakasiyana. Zvino tichazvitonga muchiyeuchidzo kuti kusikwa kweimwe "kusiri kubhururuka" kusiri kudiki uye kuri nyore uye kuri nyore kuona, kazhinji kunodarika mutengo wacho wokupedza imba yese.

Isu tinovimba kuti nhoroondo yedu ichave inobatsira uye vatengi uye vagadziri. Ndingada kuti vasatya zvinetso, kuverenga ichi chinyorwa, uye kungoiswa kune hunhu hwakakomba kune chirongwa ichi.