Manual masonry fireplaces. Mudziyo uye kuiswa, kuisirwa, zvigadzirwa zve chimneys, mafuro uye kupfekedza, masonry tekinoroji.
Chitsuwa chitsuwa, chakagadzirwa kubva kune zvinhu zvinowanzoitika zvinoshandiswa kumadziro emadziro
Moto wemoto une mataira akareba unoponesa kupisa
Zvinhu zvekutanga zvemamiriro ezvinhu akashandiswa moto wose:
A - Utsi Unotengesa;
b - penga penga.
mu - portal;
r - kupisa imba;
D - Leafy Shelf;
E - drevnitsa
Mune zvemukati kuyedza kubereka iyo ar-deco era, iyo moto pisa ine lacoconic, yakasimba fomu
Iyo portal yakakura inounza mweya weiyo medieval castles kune imba yazvino. Asi nyurai nzvimbo yemoto inofanira kungwarira kuti isapfura mukamuri
Portals dzeMazuva ano Firelets dzimwe nguva vane mafomu ekufungidzira kwazvo
Parade moto paraimendi yekamuri yekugara muColoni.
Yakakwira-tech kona yemoto
Sei kubva kune zvidhina zvakadzvanywa zvakadyara hemispherical fiber - chakavanzika chaTenzi
Pireplace iri nani kurara kumusoro kune mudziyo wezvipenga uye zvimiro zvedenga
Transverse inoteedzerwa yemoto ane chimiro chakasiyana siyana chegesi yekudyisa gasi. Mafuro avo uye saizi uye gadzira chakavanzika chikuru chekubudirira kushanda zvishandiso: 
Sekureva kweiyo nhamba yehuwandu, kubva pa80 kusvika ku00% yevaridzi veNyika dzeMunyika Dzinoda kuva kana kutove nemidziyo yemusha. Kumusoro kweiyi yekukanda ku "vanotsausa vekare" kazhinji vanowanzove nemanzwiro ekudzivirira. Iyo nzvimbo yemoto inonyanya chiratidzo chehupenyu, kugadzikana, nyaradzo yepamba. Kana iwe ukandinha, iye anoratidza nzira yeEpiichorean kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Manheru anopedzerwa pamoto wakasvinuka emoto mune whimsical chopping mitauro yemurazvo, asi mafaro akapfava. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakajeka yakaitwa moto mudziyo wakanaka kwazvo mudziyo, kunyorova mhepo mune pekugara (izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune locality ine mamiriro ekunze). Hazvishamisi kuti huwandu hwenhaka dzemoto uye dzimba dzemoto mudzimba dzinokura zuva rega rega.
Asi panguva imwe chete, chishandiso chemoto chakaoma uye "nyoro", ichida kuverenga kwakaringana uye kuurayiwa kwekuvaka. Pane imwe nguva yakatarisana, iyo "inotarisa moto mupenyu" inogona kushanduka kuita chivira chinogara chichigara chichiita uye chakaneta. Chekupedzisira, kudzima moto, kunge chero mamwe masosi emurazvo wakashama, ane njodzi-ine njodzi uye mukuteerera nemirairo yekuvaka uye mashandiro anokwanisa kuendesa dambudziko huru kune varidzi vavo. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe ukafunga kuwana nzvimbo yemoto, matambudziko anoenderana nekuiswa kwayo, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya.
Mudziyo uye kuiswa kwesvina yemoto
Pese penzvimbo yemidziyo ine zvikamu zvitatu: firebox, portal uye chimney. Midziyo inosiyaniswa neiyo firebox dhizaini. Iyo Depository Firelet yakavhurika, yakafara, asi yakadzika. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwe niche rakagadzirwa nezvinhu zveFefractory (zvidhina, dombo, simbi). Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo, marara emoto anokwanisa kupisa imba chete neyepenya simba rinogadzirwa panguva yekushambidzika kwemafuta. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ivo vanopa kupisa chete kana moto uchipisa mukati mazvo. Ivo havadi nguva yekudziya masheya avo makuru, sezvinoita zvavakarairwa, asi vanokurumidza kutonhorera. Kazhinji, iyo yemoto haifambire zvakanyanya nekudzvinyirira kushanduka-simpt nekukasira zvizere mafuta). Kuti uenzanise: Kubudirira kwevaraidzo yemazuva ano ekudziya kunosvikira 70-80%, kugona kweiyo yeRussia cheni ndeye 20-30%.Kuti uwedzere kuchinjisa kupisa kwechishandiso, madziro emukati echoto anofanira kunge aine hunyanzvi hwekufunga. Nekuda kweizvi, ivo vakagadzirwa sevakapfava uye kunyange sezvinobvira, uye dzimwe nguva isu takarongedzwa nendarira kana mashizha masimbi. Firecate Heat Humping Schollars madziro emadziro echoto anoitwa achibata madziro kumashure. Mune ino kesi, kupisa kunoratidzwa mukamuri kwete chete kubva kumadziro kumashure, asi zvakare kubva kumadziro emadziro, uye nekubudirira kwemushini kunosimuka ne 7-10%. Choto chakavhurika chakaratidzirwa kunze kwedumbu rakatsetseka nehupamhi hwe5-6mm wide. Iko ukobvu hwemadziro ndiyo hafu yeiyo polkirpich.
Muchikamu chepamusoro chevanhu chovira, penharongo yegomba inowanzogadzirwa ("zino"). Anotadzisa iyo jekiseni kubva pombi, inochengetedza chira kubva kuChidimbu-mweya inoyerera inokwanisa kukonzera utsi hwekamuri uye zvinokonzeresa cheteni kana ichiitawo ketani kana uchikurudzira moto wemoto. Iyo yegasi chikumbaridzo inzvimbo iyo iyo soot inogadziriswa, saka tray-sage tray inogona kuiswa pano. Nekudaro, mune marobhoti mazhinji "zino" hapana uye vira rakabatana neChimney yeiyo inoda chiteshi (dzimwe nguva bizarre geometry). Kazhinji, imwe neimwe firewall ine zvakavanzika zvaro. Nyore (chikamu chepazasi chenzvimbo yemoto) chiri kutsamwiswa kwekuunganidza ash- kusundidzirwa. Uye zvakare, yakavhiringidzwa inoshanda seinowedzera sosi yemhepo yekupa chevira (inoda nzvimbo ine bhokisi rakavharwa firebox).
Kurudziro SNIPA 2.04.05-91 * "Kupisa, Ventilation uye Mhepo Yemhepo" yakatenderwa muna 1997.
Ndima 3.84. Zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvinofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva mukukasira:
a) pasi kubva kune zvinopisa uye zvakaoma-zviyero zvekusvika pasi pegonhi remasheya - simbi simbi ye700500mm, iri kureba kwayo muchoto;
b) madziro kana kupatsanurwa kubva kune zvisingaoneki zvishandiso padanho padhuze nepamberi peganda reSimbi kana simbi cardboard kusvika pasi kusvika pasi pe250mm pamusoro pamusoro pekiritsi.
Ndima 3.86. Pasi pane zvigadzirwa zvinopisa pasi pezvipfeko, kusanganisira makumbo, zvinofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva pane shepeti simbi yemakadhibhodi ye 10mm, nepo kure kubva pasi pevira pasi kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwe100mm.
Mhando dzese dzemoto dzinokamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: nekuvhurika uye yakavharwa firebox. Zvipfeko zvakavharwa zviumbwa zvakavezwa negiru yegirazi girazi iro rinodzora kupisa kusvika 800C. Idzi mikova dzinovhura chero kune chete padivi, kana kudivi uye rakamira. Mukupedzisira, ivo vanopiwa nechinhu chakakosha kusimudza muchina. Ehezve, zvinowedzera uye zvinowedzera dhizaini yekuvakwa, asi magonhi anocheneswa kubva muziso kubva muziso kubva ziso uye kukutendera kuti uzadze kubva mumoto mupenyu.
Fireplaces ine bhokisi rakavharwa remoto rinogona kushanda mumhando mbiri: yakanyangarika kana nemusuwo wakavhurika. Iyo yakavharwa firebox ine musuwo wakavhurika hakuna kusiyana neyekuvhura firebox isina. Avota nemusuwo wakavharwa, unogona kugadzirisa rwizi rwemhepo kupinda munzvimbo yemoto, yakatarisana nemakomba epasi. Iyo diki huwandu hwemhepo inoyerera, inononoka ichaenda kunopisa maitiro. Saizvozvo, chikamu chimwe chehuni chinogona kutambanudzwa usiku hunorema. Iyo hupfumi hwenzvimbo yakadaro nzvimbo yakakwira, inogona kutoshandiswa seimwe nzira yekudzidzira.
Ndeapi masonry moto ari nani-yakarukwa kana yakavharwa firebox? Chermannia nenyika dzeScandinavia, uko nzira inonzwisisika yekushandiswa kwemafuta zviwanikwa zvakazara, moto nemadziro ane mukurumbira. Proszia, nekuda kwezvikonzero zveAesthetics, inopihwa zvido zvekuvhura zvivakwa. Farceces ine chivoni chesimbi chakavharwa zvakaringana mudzimba dzine dzimba dziripo dzechimney, saka kuiswa kwemidziyo yakadaro iri nyore. Kuburikidza nedzimba, chimney pombi inowanzo kuvakwa nenzvimbo yemoto. Pano zvakakodzera kuti kuvakwa kweiyo hombe masonry yemoto inokwanisa kutsungirira tube inorema (misa kwayo inogona kusvika 2t). Choto chesimbi pa "fora" zvakadaro hazvigoneke. Kuti ubudise iyo (iyo ACAN MetER yeChimney inorema dzinenge 200-250kg), iwe uchafanirwa kumisa imwe yekuwedzera kutsigira chimiro. Incase, iyo mutengo weiyo moto weiyo bhokisi rakavharwa remagetsi rinogona kunge rakakomberedza (1,5-2 times) pamusoro pekukosha kweiyo nzvimbo yemasonry yemoto, zvichienderana nehukuru uye kushongedza, ndeye $ 20005000.
Ehezve, mubvunzo wemhedzisiro yenzvimbo yemoto uye utsi hwayo hweplet pane inodarika chivakwa kana hwaro hachigadziriswa neziso, asi pahwaro hwekuverenga mainjiniya. Vanofanira kuwanikwa kubva kuvavakidzani vasati vatanga basa. Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzekambani "KFELVIT", kana huwandu hwepachena pachayo kupfuura 900kg, zvinogara zvakangwara kuti uise pasi pekutanga uye kune imwe chete nheyo yakaparadzana. Pasi pechipiri pane zvirinyore uye zvakareruka madhiri, zvikasadaro mutengo webasa unowedzera zvakapinza.
Zvichienderana nezvenzvimbo iyi, iyo misere yemoto dzakakamurwa muzvivakwa zvakakwana mumadziro; zvidimbu zvakavakirwa mumadziro (sprayer); ndakavharirwa angular; kuvhiringidzika; kona; Island (iri pakati pekamuri).
Kuisirwa kwemoto
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yemoto inotsanangurwa nemhedzisiro yemhinduro yeiyo nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa, dhizaini yemadziro, chirongwa chekufamba-famba uye, chokwadha, chinodiwa fireproof. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemadziro, kudzima moto kunogona kuwanikwa pedyo navo kana zvakadzvanywa mavari. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa madziro emukati kana zvidimbu kubva kune zvisiri zvisiri-zvinokuvadza zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwezveutsi hweutsi. Kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo yemoto inoda iyo yakaparadzaniswa chimney. "Kudyara" maviri emoto moto ari pamigwagwa yakasiyana, imwe chimney ndeyekunyaradza, asi zvine dambudziko. Chero zvazvingaitika, zvichangoita chete kuti uvashandise. Saizi yekuvhurwa kwekunze kwechoto inofanira kuenderana nehukuru hwekamuri iyo iyo nzvimbo yemoto yakaiswa (iyo nzvimbo yekuvhura inowanzoenderana nenzvimbo yekamuri mune chikamu che1 :75) .
Nzvimbo yakavhurika yemoto kubva pachigadzirwa chakakura kwazvo, zvinowanzo kuve zvakafanira kuti icho. Nheyo dzakaparadzana dzinowanzodikanwa (zvichakurukurwa pazasi). Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utore hanya nezvimiro zveiyo mhepo yekamuri. Firelate imoto inoshivirira zvisina kufanira, saka inopa zano yekuva nayo kure nemikova, windows windows uye zvidhinha zvemhepo. Side solid, moto unodiwa chisingagumi uye chakakura mweya kuyerera, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira maHermetic kaviri-grazed windows. Kana iwe usinga zive izvi zvinodiwa, moto munzvimbo yemoto unopisa usingafadzi uye kunyange utsi. Matambudziko akakosha nemaitiro anomuka kana achironga chitsuwa chitsuwa, "vhura mhepo dzese" kubva kumativi mana. Panzvimbo mukamuri inodikanwa kuronga yakamanikidzwa yekuvhara kudzora chimney, pamwe nekudzora paramita ayo.
Uye zvakadaro zvinhu zvinokoshesa zvekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvacho zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvinodiwa nemoto. Nzvimbo yemoto inofanira kuve yakachengeteka kunyengera kubva kune vakadzi, zvidimbu uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvekuvaka zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinopisa.
Nyaya dzekuchengetedza moto dzinonyanya kukosha kana dzichiisa dzimba dzemoto mumapuranga dzimba. Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarira: kudzima moto uye chimneys inofanira kubviswa kune imwe kure kure kubva kune zvese zvivakwa kubva pazvinhu zvinopisa! Kutama izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvingangoita 250mm. Masvingo akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinopisa zviri padyo nenzvimbo yemoto, zvakafanira kupatsanurana nezvinhu zvisina kujeka, zvakadai seasbestos pepa, zvakasvibiswa, zvakasvibiswa nevhu kana matangi akakora weSilica fiber.
Vanosvuta kuti vatarise imba vane maonero emunhu ekutarisa vakanyanya kugeza nzira yakatanga kupinda mukushandiswa muV-III mazana emazana emakore. Bc e. Ne rome. Saizvozvowo, ma oveni makuru ekupisa mvura mumabhati eRoma aive akaiswa chimney akadaro. Mamiriro ezvinhu akapfiridzira akatendera vaGiriki, vaRoma nevamiriri vemamwe marudzi enguva yekare vasina "capital" capital nzvimbo dzenzvimbo huru, inotakurika foci kana hari nemazimbe aive akajairika.
Chimney
Iyo chimney inzira yakatwasuka iyo inoshanda kubvisa chisungo uye kukanganisa zvigadzirwa kune mafuta emhepo nyowani. Iko kukanda muChimney kunoitika nekuda kwekuti density yemagasi anopisa marara mukati mazviri pane kusimba kwemhepo yekunze. Iko kumhanya kwekumhanya kwemagasi mafashoni kunoenderana nemusiyano mukudziya kwemhepo inotyisa uye inotonhora uye kubva pakukwirira kwepombi. Naizvozvo, chimney, kunyangwe ichiita sekuratidzika kwechigadzirwa, chimiro chakaomarara, kuverenga kwakakodzera kweiyo - zvinoreva kuti basa racho rine zvakawanda zvisingazivikanwe. Heano iwo mupfupi rondedzero: zviyero zvekuvhurwa kwevira uye kudzika kwe portal; Upamhi nekukwirira kwehuro dzeutete; kureba uye kuyambuka-chikamu chipi; Kusarudzwa kweiyo inodiwa cap yeiyo pombi; Mamiriro ega ega eiyo nzvimbo uye nyika (yepasi, kukwirira, nzvimbo yakavhurika, mamiriro ekunze akasimuka, oparidza hunyanzvi hwakanyanya hwekunakidzwa, uye mune ino ndima ye kuvakwa. Sezvo vavakavengi ivo pachavo vachiti, "Bricklayer uye nzvimbo yemoto, vanofanira kupeta moto wemoto, uye kwete tenzi wekugadzirisa.Kazhinji, mapepa enzvimbo dzekupfeka dzemoto anoumbwa nezvirwere zvakashata zvakaruka. Iyo masonry inofanira kunge iri svutugadzike sezvinobvira, ine gobvu yeeams, yakakwira 5mm. Iyo yakakwenenzverwa yeSeam, inokurumidza inoparara pasi pezviito zvemagasi anopisa. Zvidhinha, kuenda kuchigadzirwa che chimney, vakasarudzwa zvakanyatso, pasina mrotrusions kana Chows. Iyo inochinjika-chikamu chikamu chenzvimbo yemoto inowanikwa kakawanda kupfuura utsi hweutsi hwechoto chevira remagetsi akafanana. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo yemoto haigoneke kune imwe nzira "inokwezva" kune iyo yatove iripo chimney. Iyo shoma chiteshi kuyambuka-chikamu chimwe chidhina, kana 130260mm. Kureba kweiyo flue pombi (mhodzi dzegakava kumuromo) dzinofanira kunge dzinosvika 5m. Izvo zvinoda kuti pombi inosimuka seyisiri padhuze nematanda edenga uye panguva imwe chete yekushambadzira pamusoro pedenga remba ne 500mm (kana skate yabviswa kusvika 1.5 m). Kureba kwepombi kunofanirwa kuwedzerwa (kuitira kuti urege kupwanya kuhukura), kana zvivakwa zvakakwirira kana miti yakakwira kwazvo.
Kunyanya kureba chimney kuchagadzira yakanyanya kusimba kwemhepo kuchiva. VTAKA HOTOWOOD HIVECHAS ichangopera. Kudzorera mukati mechimney, iyo traction stabilizer yakaiswa. Iyo vharuvhu, iyo inovhenekera iyo inovhura nekuda kwemhepo yakasimba vacuum uye inopa kutonhora rwizi kuwana mune otomatiki mode. Kana utsi hweutsi, pane kusapindirana, ipfupi kwazvo, iko kunakirwa hakuzove kwakakwana. Mune ino kesi, zvinokwanisika kuisa hurongwa hwekumanikidzwa kwekubvisa utsi - inokosha kupisa-kupesana neFan, yakakwira pamuromo (Whithe) yeiyo pombi. Kufungidzira kwakadaro kuchagadzira imwe vacuum, ichiwedzera runyararo rwe chimney.
Utsi hweutsi hunofanirwa kuve hwakamira. Inobvumidzwa kutsauka kubva kune yakatwasuka kune angle isina anopfuura makumi matatu neisina kupihwa kwete kupfuura 1m.
Hapana zvishoma zvisina kufanira firefire zvinodikanwa zvinopihwa kune chimneys pane kune mabhokisi emoto emadziro emoto. Chikamu chidiki "chekunze" (icho chinobva kumadziro emukati cheutsi hweutsi) kune zvinhu zvemazvimedu kubva pazvinhu zvinobva zvinobva zvinobva zvinoitika zvinofanirwa kuve 380mm. Mukati meiyo ndima yemapepa kuburikidza neiyo inodururwa, iyo "roller" inogadzirwa - inowedzera kubva pachidhina, iyo inogadzirwa muzvikamu zvemasonry pombi. Kujeka pakati pe "roller" zvidhinha uye iyo ceiling inodarika ichiparadzaniswa nemumvere dzemineral kana silica fiber.
Chimney inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa (sekugona kwako) neineshuwa yekuuraya kubva mukuwisirwa kwakaderera tembiricha. Izvo hazvifanirwe kuve zvakaputirwa munguva yechando saka iyo yekukanda yakaumbwa pamadziro emukati. Pane imwe nguva yakatarisana, matambudziko anogona kunge asiri chete nenzvimbo yemoto, asi zvakare nekuvimbika kwepombi pachayo. Mushure mekushandisa mamiriro acho, pombi yemoto yakavharwa nevemharu yekudzivirira iyo nzira yekudziya kubva mukamuri.
Kuti afambe nekuchenesa uye nekuchenesa moto, pamwe nekuchenesa venyato, mazana emakore mazhinji akashandiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kufarira kwazvinenge kwanyanya kuvakwa nguva pfupi yapfuura. Mabhuku anosanganisira: A KECHERGA kuputsa marasha kuita zvidimbu zvidiki; mabheji uye mabhokisi emafuta; Monganda uye inokosha forogo yehunhu hunomera huni; Brush pachibatiso refu; Scoop. Zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza iyo puranga remaganda rekamuri kubva mumazimbe anopisa. Zvakare, zviwanikwa zvemoto zvinosanganisira kushatisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye baubles iri panzvimbo pasherufu yemoto. Iko kushongedza kwakawanda kwakasarudzika kwakakosha kumeso kwekutenderera kwemoto.
Zvigadzirwa
Nguva pfupi yadarika, inonzi "masangweji" anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu nzvimbo yemoto uye chimbi chimneys. Sandwich iri dhizaini inosanganisira mapepa maviri esimbi akaiswa mune mumwe nemumwe. Iyo geji pakati pavo inozadzwa ne fireproof thermal insulation. Iwo mapipi amene akagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina.
Yazvino Chimneys "Sandwich" zvigadzirwa zvine zvimwe zvakanaka zvichienzaniswa nezvidhinha zvavo. Ivo vari nyore kwazvo, madziro avo ndezvekutsvedza kukuru. Kervososks inofanira kusanganisira yakanyanya mutengo uye zvidiki zvekuzvitsigira kugona. Ndokunge, "sandwich" inoda mamwe anotsigira, iyo yekunze mutoro haina kukurudzirwa. Kunyangwe yakakwira mwero wekupisa nhoo, zvinoenderana neyekupaza) kweiyo nzvimbo dzakafanana dzemoto sezvidhinha: dzinofanirwa kubviswa kune yakachengeteka kubva kuzvinhu zvinokatyamara kusarurirwa kubva kudhonzo. Izvi dzimwe nguva "kanganwa" vatengesi, asi vasina-moto-moto.
Zvimwe zvakawanda zvetsika zvinyorwa zveChimneys uye zvinotarisa-zvidhinha. Anopisa ndiwo anonyanya kujairika zvinodiwa. Nekuti murwi wechoto chikamu chemidziyo, umo marasha ane matombo, achipa simba rakasimba, rinoshandiswa neRefractory chidhinha kubva pakupisa uye kuchema doro. Inogona kutsungirira kupisa kunosvikira kune gumi nemaviri. Nzvimbo yemoto, iyo chiratidzo nehunhu, inogona kupetwa kubva kune yakajairika matsvuku zvidhinha (zvakagadzirirwa kupisa kusvika 800C). Murudo nyaya, zvidhinha zvinofanirwa kuve zvemhando yepamusoro, kupiswa zvakanaka, pasina mhosva kana kusagadzikana, nebhinzi haina kuenderana nekugona kwayo kutakura mutoro kune iyo kilogiramu pamakiromita emakiromita; Kune mabhendi kubva kuM50 kusvika M300). Brick yakapiswa zvakanaka ine ruvara rutsvuku, zviri nyore kuna rally uye rinomhanyira kuna Dazonia, inodurura kuita zvidimbu zvikuru. Brick inotariswa, iyo inonzi Zheleznyak, inosiyaniswa nerima, yadarika brown, munzvimbo dzevhu mune vitreous pasi. Izvo zvinoshungurudzwa kwazvo, zvakaipa isu pachedu uye nekushaya simba zvinosungira kumhinduro. Icho chidhinha chisingadhuri, pane zvinopesana, chivharo, kudonha, chinodonha kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvinoregedza mvura tsime. Chipo chechirango chinofanirwa kuve nechimiro chehurefu hwekutungamira nezviso zvakajeka uye zvakajeka nzvimbo, pasina chipping uye kuburikidza nemarara. Brick Saizi - 25012065mm, Chamotte Brick - 25012365mm. Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nemamirimita akati: Muchihure - 3mm, muhupamhi uye kukwirira, 2mm. Kuzvenga zvirongwa uye chikamu chepazasi che chimney, chinokurudzirwa kusarudza zvidhina nekutsauka kushoma kubva kuhukuru hwakaenzana kuti uwane zvakanyanyisa uye yunifomu masonry seam. Pakati pevaigadzira zvidhinha zvemhando yepamusoro, zvinokwanisika kutaura Oboli, Ryazan, Borovichi naSerpukhomsky zvidhinha zvezvidhinha, pamwe neLEDE (Latvia), Ternca naAseri Iyo avhareji mutengo weiyo akajairwa epamba chimney chidiki ndeye 7-8 rubles. chidimbu; Kunze kwenyika zvidhinha zvemitero nezve dhora rekubata.
Kushandisa kwechipiri kwezvidhina kwakawanikwa mushure mekuratidzwa kwezvivakwa kunotenderwa, nekuda kwekutarisira kwe "zvisingafungirwe" zvikamu zvemoto (renje renzvimbo). Asi zvakangopihwa kuti zvinyorwa hazvivakwi uye zvakanatswa kubva pane yekare mhinduro. Izvo zvikamu zvimwe chete zvinogona kutariswa kunze kwesingadive kana kuderedzwa zvidhinha. Hollow, silte uye gomba zvidhinha kushandiswa kwemasonry fireplaces hakukurudzirwe.
Semhinduro yekubatanidza, musanganiswa wevhu, jecha uye mvura inoshandiswa. Pamapurasitiki ayo epurasitiki, mhinduro dzakakamurwa mu "ganda", zvakajairika uye mafuta. Mu "ganda" pamusoro pejecha rejecha, uye mu "mafuta", pane kudaro, ivhu. "Skinny" mhinduro hadzifudzi rakakodzera, uye marara anoumbwa mu "mafuta" panguva yekuoma. Naizvozvo, nekuti masonry firelate, zvakajairika mhinduro zviri nani. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuona mhando yemhinduro, kuita harness kana strip ine gobvu kwe11 cm uye kureba kwe15-20 cm. Kana iwe uchikohwa kana uchizama kuti urege kutambanudza, asi wakacheneswa, Zvinoreva kuti mhinduro iri "ganda". Iyo harness kubva kune "mafuta" mhinduro yakatambanudzwa uye haina kupa marara kana uchinja. Iyo harness kubva kune yakajairika mhinduro nekukotama mafomu madiki madiki, uye kana yatambanudzwa kuti yakawedzera ne15-20%.
Kuti uwane mhinduro, zvinodikanwa kuti ushandise mvura, ivhu nejecha pasina chero tsvina, kunyanya organic, iyo ichazopeta pasi pekupesvedzera tembiricha dzakakwirira. Jecha zvakanaka kutora chikamu chidiki diki, nemakwanisi ane dhayeti kwete anopfuura 1 mm (iyo diki iyo chidimbu, iyo inotetepa iyo seams inowanikwa). Mvura inodiwa yekushandisa seyakachena, kwete kuomarara (isina calcium uye magnesium salts). Ivhu rinoshandisa zvakafanana nezve kugadzirwa kwezvidhinha. Kune masonry, chamotte evhu anodiwa pamasonry kubva kune chamotte zvidhinha. Kuti uwedzere simba remhinduro, simende yePortland inowedzerwa mukuverenga kwe 1l portland simende pane iyo bhakiti remhinduro.
Kuisa nzvimbo yemoto
Nzvimbo yemoto, sehuku, iyo chimiro chakakwana, kazhinji chinoda hwaro hwakaparadzana. Naizvozvo, zvakanakira kuisa nzvimbo yemoto kune mudziyo wezvipenga uye zvimiro zvedenga, pakarepo mushure mekuvakwa kwemadziro emadziro. Nheyo dzenzvimbo dzenzvimbo uye pombi dzinoputa dzinogadzirwa nemvura njanji-simbi zvidhinha, bwe bwe kana kongiri. Kudzika kwechiitiko kwakaitwa nekudzika kweiyo primer yevhu. Pakati penheyo dzechivako uye iyo moto inoda kusimuka mune 50-55mm yakazara yakazara nevhu. Zvinorambidzwa kushamba idzi nheyo idzi, sezvavanogona kupa zvakashata zvakashata, izvo zvinokatyamadza nemarara mune masonry. Ukuru hwenheyo muchirongwa hunofanirwa kunge hwakagonesa chigadziko chomoto (mapaipi) ne 10-15 cmIko kudikanwa kwekutungamira iyo yakaparadzaniswa nheyo inokoshesesa kuisirwa kwenzvimbo yemoto mumba yakaoma-yakagadzirirwa. Izvo zvinobatsira uye zviri nyore kuzviita panguva imwe chete nekuvakwa kweimba. Kuvakwa kwemoto pamadziro pane epamusoro pasi kunogumira neyekutakura kugona kweanodarika. Kuti uwane mhinduro chaiyo kumubvunzo, kunyangwe kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yemoto kunogoneka mune ino kesi, kuverenga kweinjiniya kwechimiro chevako chivakwa chinodiwa. Masonry Fireplaces inoda kuumbwa kwekutanga neanonyanyoganwa Sekureva kwemirairo yakaumbwa, unogona kuverenga iyo inodiwa nhamba yezvivakwa zvekuvaka. Semutemo, zvinenge chiuru zvidhina zviitike pamasonfry yemoto madiki.
Iyo masonry yemidziyo yemoto inoda kunyatsochenjerera yezvidhinha mumativi ese. Kuti afambe iri basa, lead mobile mademo anoshandiswa pane vertical racks. Usati warara zvidhinha mumutsara unotevera, ivo vanosarudzwa muhukuru uye vanongotarisa kupfeka kweeams. Iyo seams inofanira kunge yakaonda uye yakazara yakazara neyakagadziriswa mhinduro (iyo inonzi "kutyorwa"). MuIntra-inokurudzirwa nzvimbo uye intradererene nzvimbo, seamsx seams haibvumirwe, iyo inowedzera inobviswa. Mu "nzvimbo dzisingaoneki" uko kunze kwegedhi kunogoneka kuburikidza neeams, ivo vanogona kuitwa "inlet" (kwete anopfuura gumi mm) - kuti uwedzere kuenderera. Iyo nhete uye inotendeuka ye chimney uye iyo gasi chikumbaridzo chakavharwa, izvo zvidhina zvakabatanidzwa nechimiro chakatenderedza.
Zvese zveMetal Simbi zvinhu (magonhi, grate grids) inofanira kuiswa maererano nekuwedzera kwavo kwekuwedzera (5-10mm szor). Mukupesana, simbi ichaparadza masonry. Kazhinji, zvinodikanwa kushandisa sesimbi simbi sezvinobvira.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyambuka nzvimbo yemoto, matanda esimbi haagone kushandiswa kune izvi. Nhamba yezvidhinha mune arch uye mitsara mune arch inofanira kunge isinganzwisisike. Vakuru vakakwira uye vakaderera, semi-curvous, nyoro kana matatu pakati. Iyo inodarika iyo mafuta inowanzo kushongedzwa neiyo yakasarudzika yakasarudzwa portal. Kuti udzokere kumashure uye zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa "kukiya", zvidhinha zvinoda kupa chimwe chimiro chakaomarara kana kuderedza zviyero zvavo. Nyanzvi yekuomarara kwekare inokwanisa kupatsanura zvidhina mune chero nhungamiro nerubatsiro rwehembe kana maburi; Wizards Mazuva ano maitiro aya anowanzoshandiswa nemawona- "Bulgaria". Slap zvidhinha zvine svutugadzike yakatemwa, saka nzira yechipiri inokodzera. Izvo zvinorambidzwa kubhadhara zvidhinha zvine slot kana musana divi mukati mevira kana chimney, sezvo simba rezviso izvi rakaderera pane vamwe, uye masonry achakurumidza.
Tsika dzePombi
Kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzemoto kunoshamisa kusiana kwayo, zvinoratidza zvese zvimiro uye mirayiridzo yezvivakwa kubva padombo kuenda kune zera. Ehezve, kazhinji kazhinji, nzvimbo yemoto inosanganiswa mukuziva kwedu neiyo yekare England yeSherlock Holmes. Kunyanya zvisingatarisirwi magadzirirwo emhando dzakadaro dzevanotarisirwa masters of the Firecce Avant-Garde, seFrenchman Dominic Imber kana iyo Dutchman Hari kurwadziwa ...
Kana iri tsika yeRussia, inosanganisira dhizaini dzenzvimbo nemakiroti. Iwo matombo akatetepa ezvidhinha akapiswa, akafukidzwa nepamberi pechiso. Zvinyorwa zvevira hazvisi kutarisana, sedanda, uye zvakaradzika panguva yekuvaka - iyo nzvimbo yaipedzwa yemoto haizoshongedze. Mataira anoiswa pamhinduro uye akasungirirwa uchishandisa zvidimbu zvewire uye mambokisi esimbi. Akaburitsa zvidhori zvezvidhinha zvezvidhinha zvakajairwa, iyo yaunotaurwa oboli uye borovichsky mafekitori, pamwe nemafemu eGermany, nyika dzeBaltics uye Scandinavia. Pamusoro pekushongedza, mataira anogadzirisa dambudziko rinoshanda rekuunganidzwa kwesimba rekuwedzera kwevira. Naizvozvo, kuturika kwenzvimbo dzemoto kunoitwa kazhinji (kana zvasvika kune dzimba dzemoto, uye kwete nezvezvivakwa - moto). Iyo inonyanya kukosha kune ichi chinangwa chekushandisa yakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa portils kubva kune vanogadzira nyanzvi.
Odha portal yakasimba yakagadzirwa mune chimwe chimiro, vagadziri vanoshamiswa nezvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo chete yakaoma ndeyekunyatsoziva kuti zviyero zvechigadzirwa. Vazhinji vagadziri vemoto ports porse vanovaburitsa muchimiro chenguva yekugadzirira-kuisa rectangular zvidhinha nedanho rakanyatsotsanangurwa (kazhinji 5-10 cm). Kana zvichidikanwa, kambani ichave iri pane yekuraira portal ye chero saizi, asi mutengo wayo uchave 20-30% yepamusoro. Kazhinji, mutengo wemoto portal portal inosiyana mumiganhu yakawanda uye inoenderana zvakanyanya pane izvo zvavanogadzirwa. Nekudaro, masheya enzvimbo yenyika anogona kudhura mazana emadhora emadhora, uye portal yekambani yeSpanish arriga kubva kujaya yakagadziriswa onyx yatove zviuru zvemadhora akati wandei. Uyezve, vamwe vedu vagadziri, zvese zvakadzama zvemoto zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yemifananidzo yekune dzimwe nyika, asi kubva pamidziyo uye kuungana panzvimbo yekuisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengi anogona kusarudza muenzaniso zvinoenderana nengoroji uye mupiro mukugadzirwa kwekuchinja. Vitoga Stylish exquisite chinhu chakachipa. Ngatitii nzvimbo yekunyepedzera kubva kuFrench kambani David, iyo "Cloned" nyika "nyika" ichadhura mutengi pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri, marble, marble, nezvimwewo).
Kuenderera mberi nekukurukurirana nezvenzvimbo yemoto, tinocherekedza kuti Classicism, Ampir uye nyika (kana "rustic") inogoverwa pakati pezvinyorwa zvechinyakare zviri mukuda uye kunzwisiswa. Iyo yekutanga yemoto ndeye foto yaivakwa yakanga isina kutorwa ibwe. Kujekesa, kusazvibata, simba rine simba "nguva yebharabhu" inoita kuti chimiro che "rustic" chakakurumbira uye zvino. Moto ports mumweya uyu unogadzirwa naRene Brisach uye Europe Chemines (France), Arria (Spain), Pizzetta (Italia). Zvirongwa zvakashongedzwa nemarble bhaishi, shower, tuff, sandstone. Izvi zvigadzirwa zviri nyore mukugadzirwa, uye saka zvakachipa. Asi fungai: Kupfuura ibwe rinopfava, kukurumidza kwazvinosvibiswa neiyo soot uye zvakanyanya kuomesa kuchabvisa sage uye tsvina kubva pairi. Mune zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, mafomu akareruka uye akanaka anotonga, zvakabatana zvakasanganiswa nemumwe. Wangli Firelates Flat P-Yakagadzirirwa Portal Portal inowanzoitwa kubva kune huni dzevakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji dzerima mimvuri. Iyo portal inogona kushongedzwa neyako yekushongedza cafenel. Chinhu chakakosha chemusasa weChirungu-moto wekisimendi, izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri panzvimbo yakadai kuti ive yakanakira kuti idzidze. Iyo chira mune yeChirungu madziro emoto yakavhurika uye yakadzika yakadzika, iyo inobvumira kushandiswa kweChimneys yeChikamu chechidimbu cheCross. Iyo Kclassic Makampasi inosanganisira yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zve stevax (United Kingdom).
Ampire maitiro anotangira panguva yeNapoleon Bonaparte. Fireplaces portals yakagadzirwa nemarble uye kusiyaniswa neimwe pomp. Misoro yekukwidza nyaya kune yekare mythology. CLOTITS, makoramu, sphinxes, griffins yakabata ushe mumudziyo wese muXixverek. Vakadaro firela vanogadzirwa nhasi naArriga (Spain), Pizazetta (Italy).
Mitambo yemisoro yemazuva ano yemoto yakanyanya kusiyanisa. Heano emazuva ano, uye ar four, uye kunyange yakakwirira tech. Hondo yeiyo Yakakurumbira "Fireplace AVant-Garders" Inogona Kuzivikanwa NaBoley (Holland), Bordelet, Arkia, Furce (France (France). Vagadziri vemazuva ano vanoedza noushingi nechimiro uye zvinhu zvevira, vachigadzira dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvakakura kwazvo zveBizarre. Hapachina kunge vasinganyanye kutonhorera uye kudedera "magurovhosi emumba" asi achigara ...
Rwiyo rwezvinyorwa zvekutenda "toni", "Kaminnspetsstroy", "KFELIT", "Mirelit", "Mirelit", "Muvestown", "Agroproekt" yekugadzirira zvinhu.