Mota yemhando uye zvirongwa. Ndeipi mhando iri nani, ndedzipi zvinyorwa zvinodiwa kuti uwane chikwereti, maitiro ekuita chibvumirano nemazvo.
Tora yako imba yako kana kuwedzera iyo nzvimbo yeiyo iripo, ichivandudza kunaka kwayo, kutamira kune imwe nharaunda kana guta munyika medu rinogona kuve pedyo nekutengesa nekutenga kutengeserana. Zvisina musoro, mukuvakwa kwezvakasara, zvigadzirwa zvezvipamba uye zvikamu zvinoshandiswa, mitengo yekugara isingarambe yakakwira, asi ramba uchikura. Munguva yekutanga, pekugara patsva iri mukuda kukuru uye mukurumbira. Asi tenga imba muchivako chitsva, kunyangwe kutengesa, kwete munhu wese anokwanisa. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, unogona kutora mari muchikwereti pakati peshamwari (kana paine here), edza kuwana chikwereti kubasa (kana vachinge vapa chikwereti chechikwereti, icho chichiripo chichigamuchira kune veRussia, asi chose naruro mukati kumavirira.
Cherekedza. Muna 594 BC. Greek yekare inchons solon yakabata shanduko yake yekuchinja: yakamiswa zvikwereti zveLoama uye yakaunza rusununguko rwevarombo, nekuda kweizvozvo zvinhu zvinoyevedza zvainge zvisisakwanise kunzwa genus. Ndokunge, munhu wese akagamuchira kodzero yekurasa "pfuma" pakufunga kwayo: kugadzira nekupa chikwereti. Asati asvika, ane chikwereti aisakwanisa kubhadhara chikwereti, akawira muhuranda. Kuti tidudzire mutoro wega kune iyo imba, Solon yakapihwa kuti isa iyo chikwereti panyika (kazhinji pane iyo nzvimbo yemuganhu) mbiru ine chinyorwa chekuti zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda seimwe huwandu. Shongwe yakadaro yainzi mongororo. Greek hypothec- state, backup.
Michina yemamoges
Mhando huru yekukwereta madhora ingangoita maviri chete, kunyangwe izvo zvakasiyana uye zvirongwa zvinogona kuve set hombe. Mufananidzo wakareruka idiri: Mutengi ari mutengesi - mukweretesi. Anokwereta, iye mutengi, anotora chikwereti pane bhangi akachengetedzwa nefurati akawana. Bhangi rinovhura account yezvigaro zvine pekugara vanotengesa uye kuona vimbiso yekuverenga kana kutenga imba pane kiredhiti. Mutengi kuburikidza nebhangi anoverengerwa nemutengesi kune iyo imba yakatengwa uye inogamuchira kodzero yerudzi, mushure mezvo pane chikwereti uye chinomufarira panguva yechibvumirano. Aesley haabudiriri mune anokwereta, saka pakubhadhara kwechikwereti, anonyimwa imba yekugara. Iko kusarongeka kwesangano remuenzaniso wakadaro kwakaita kuti zviwedzere kukura, uye nenyika dzakashamisika, semuenzaniso, kuUK, France, Spain. Kuzivikanwa kukuru kwechimiro chakadaro chechimedu (vvide yekuvakira yekuvandudza mari yejista) yakunda kuGermany.Iyo yakawanda yakaomesesa neye-maviri-level metgage chikwereti mhando. Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvechikwereti kunouya nenzira chaiyo yeiyi yakarongeka yekondari yemusika yakapihwa neiyo mbopa pane zvivakwa. Mhando yakadaro inoshanda yakadaro inova chete neyekuwedzerwa uye yakasarudzika-yakasarudzika yemusika yemusika zvinyorwa. Izvo hazvidikanwe kuita pasina rubatsiro rweHurumende uye, pane zvishoma, zvimedu zvekutonga pamusoro pekuburitswa kwekuchengetedza mumusika wechipiri. Iyi yemuenzaniso modgage yava kugovera kukuru kuUnited States, saka inowanzodaidzwa kuti American. Chiko chikuru ndechekuti iyo maroji memo haina hukama nemitengo pane zvimwe zvikwereti zvebhangi, kana nemutengo wemadhora.
Sezvineiwo, kubva pakupera kweXixverek uye kusati kwatanga, iyo System yakafanana yakarongedzwa uye yakanyatsoitwa muRussia yose. Mushure mekuchinja kwechikwereti, sezvazviri, ndaifanira kukanganwa, kutaura nezvazvo kwakatangazve muna 1991. Pakeji yekutanga yemitemo yemitambo yakagamuchirwa muna 1996, asi nguva pfupi yadarika, pakupera kwaAugust 2001, Mutungamiriri Mikhail Kasyanov akasaina mitemo yekupa nyika kuvimbisa kusungwa. Ndege dzinoreva kuti dzinozoonekwa pamisika yekuchengetedzeka, uye kuumbwa chaiko kwemari kunotanga muRussia pamwe chete nemhando mbiri-nhanho. Agotum mitengo pazvikwereti zvekumba zvichadzika, uye nhamba yakakura kwazvo yeRussia ichakwanisa kushandisa mukana wekugara pamba pekugara.
Banking Mortoge Chirongwa
Imwe yeiyo yakapararira yakashambadzirwa dzimba dzimba dzekuchera mari "DeltAcredit", yakagadziriswa neUSA Investment Fund. Maererano nechirongwa ichi, fundyo inopa mari kwenguva refu kumabhangi emuRussia emubhadharo wekutevera kuburitswa kwemidziyo yemari kune vanhu vanosvika gumi kusvika kumakore gumi. Heano maitiro ayo anogadzira chikwereti chezvikwereti zvinofanirwa kuwirirana kuti zvikwanise kupiwa kuburikidza nechirongwa chemari:
- Iyo yakakwira chikwereti chikwereti nguva ndeye makore gumi;
- Chikwereti (muUS) ndeye 70% yemutengo wedzimba, uye kana mhinduro yekutanga iri pamusoro ndeye madhora zviuru gumi nemashanu, inogona kuva 80%; Chiyero chehunyanzvi chakanyorwa kune iyo yese chokwadi chechibvumirano;
- chiyero chebasa pane chikwereti - musika (zita remhedziso yechibvumirano); Izvozvi zvakaenzana ne13-15%;
- Nechikwereti chimwe nechimwe, hupenyu hwomunhu anokwereta, dzimba dziri panjodzi yekurasikirwa, muridzi wefurati;
- Iyo moratorium pakubhadhara kwekutanga (tinocherekedza kuti morores akadaro achazotevera kuiunzwa mune zvimwe zvirongwa).
Chirongwa ichi hachina chinodiwa chekunyoreswa muMoscow kana kuganhurirwa kweRussia Federation, vimbiso yevamwe vanhu havafanirwe, hapana dzimba dzekuparadza uye dzimba dzekuparadza kambani. Intcom ine chirongwa "DeltAcredit", kana uchitenga imba mumusika wechipiri, inodiwa kuti uongorore mune yakasarudzika yekuongorora kambani. Paunenge uchigadzira chikwereti chemari, kunze kwemubhadharo wepamutemo (kuraswa kubva kunzvimbo huru yebasa), mamwe marongero emari yemari anogona kuitirwa, pabasa rebhangi, kubhadhara, kubva pakurima dzimba dzekugara uye zvimwe yakasimbiswa mhando dzemari.
Inishuwarenzi Chemortoge Chirongwa
PSK pamwe chete neCEMI RAS uye nerutsigiro rweNyika system yakagadzira chirongwa chenyika chekuchengetera imba "ramangwana nhasi". Chirongwa ichi chine chikamu chehurefu hwechirume chehupenyu hweinishuwarenzi chibvumirano kwenguva yakati wandei. Kana huwandu hweinishuwarenzi yeinishuwarenzi inosvika chikamu chetatu chemutengo wekugara mune ramangwana, mutengi anogamuchira chikwereti kubva kukambani yeinishuwarenzi inodiwa kutenga imba. Gore rino kubva panguva yekukwidza chikwereti, kambani yeinishuwarenzi inopinda mugodhi yekugara, mushure mezvokukweretesa kwakatowana imba yake inovakira mari yeinishuwarenzi kusvika kumagumo enyama rese ne Inishuwarenzi. Kugadziriswa (nhume uye kunyoreswa) mufurati idzva, iye anokwereta anoenderera mberi kubhadhara inishuwarenzi premium pasi pechibvumirano. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo wekushandira chikwereti chakapihwa kwaari, zvinoenderana nemitemo yechirongwa, haizopfuure 8% pagore. Saka, iyo pfuma yakachengetedzwa. Kana iye anokwereta asingakwanisi kubhadhara, anodzingwa, uye imba yakatengeswa. Mutengi anodzosera mhinduro yekutanga uye akabhadhara anotevera kubvisa mutengo wekambani, kukosha kwekuderera, etc. (mune muzana).Iko mukana wechirongwa mune yakakwana yakaderera mhanya chiyero pane chikwereti (muVankov Mortgage Model iyo ingangovezwa pamusoro). Kune anokwereta uye mamwe marudzi emagariro. Kunyangwe kana iye, nekuda kwechikonzero chero chipi zvacho, fungidziro, uye imba yake inova muridzi wekambani yeinishuwarenzi, zvinoenderana nemutemo wazvino, inopiwa nenzvimbo yekugara kubva kune yechipiri nzvimbo yekugara.
Pazvingaitika zvechiitiko cheinishuwarenzi (rufu, kuremara, kuremara, kuremara, kambani yeinishuwarenzi pachayo inodzorera chikwereti pamberi pekweretesi. Brake zvakakomba mukushandiswa uye kusimudzira kwechirongwa ichi muMoscow - kurambidza munhu anokwereta mukusarudzwa kweimba, ndiko kuti, mukusarudzwa kwenzvimbo uye imwe mhando yechivako. Asi muguta rematunhu idambudziko iri haripo.
Zvirongwa zveMortoge "mhedzisiro" uye "Dzimba pane chikwereti"
Chirongwa chechikwereti chekukweretesa "mhedzisiro" chakagadzirwa neSalev's nuclear Center nyanzvi nyanzvi. Makore maviri, akaedzwa mumaguta mana: Sariv (Nizhny Novgorod Dunhu), Ryazan, Penza naZarechny (Penza.). Mushure memaguta aya, maguta aya akasiyana zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwevagari (anopfuura mazana matanhatu ezviuru zvePenza uye zviuru makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Re-aftery yemari yemhuri, chirongwa chakarongwa chekuwana dzimba mune zvese zvavakaita iva akanaka uye unokwanisika. Iye zvino sisitimu "inoitwa" inounzwa mune dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzunguwa dzeRussia Federation, kusanganisira Moscow, Vologgrad, Kaluga, SmolenskaD, Nizhy Novgorod, Tyumen, Irkutsk Dunhu. Mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwakabudirira kweiyi system yaive kusikwa kweiyo Federal chirongwa "dzimba pane chikwereti".
"Dzimba pane chikwereti" ine nhamba yezvikamu zvakasiyana. Chekutanga cheizvi ndechekuti dzimba dzakatengeswa nemutengo, sezvo funhoshi, iyo isiri yesangano isiri yekutengeserana, iyo zviitiko zvisina chinangwa chekugadzira manejimendi uye kuita chirongwa ichi. Iyo yekuisa chikamu chekubhadhara kweiyo imba yakatengwa inopiwa pasi pepazasi pepazasi (5-10% pagore regore), uye nguva yayo yekubhadhara ndeye makore 7-15. Saizi yakakwira yechikwereti inotarisirwa nemari yekuwedzera yemwedzi yemwedzi. Chimwe chinhu chakaderera, asi kanenge gumi muzana yemutengo weimba yakatengwa, mubhadharo wekutanga wekutanga. Chirongwa ichi chine mwerwe emagariro uye chakagadzirirwa kuva vagari vane saizi yenzvimbo yakazara panhamba yemhuri isingafarire tsika dzemagariro, pamwe nekuvandudza mamiriro ekuvandudza uye kune izvi.
Kubhadhara nemidziyo inoitwa migove yemwedzi, yakaenzana uye mukati memazita ekupedzisira yakatangwa nemirairo yekutengesa imba yedzimba. Saizi yeiyo mambiro yemwedzi yemwedzi yekubhadhara kuti udzorere zvikamu hazvifanirwe kupfuura makumi maviri muzana emari yekuwedzera yemhuri. Shanduko mumubhadharo wemubhadharo unoreva kugona kwakasiyana-siyana kwebhodhi rematirabhu ezvipenga. Kuzadzika kwezvibvumirano pasi pechibvumirano kwakasimbiswa nekiyi kune mugari weiyo mugari wenzvimbo inokatyamadza uye isinga zivikanwe, inishuwarenzi yehupenyu uye nefuma, pamwe nedzimwe nzira.
Chirongwa ichi chinopa 4-nzvimbo dzekugara dzimba dzekutenga: kutenga nezvikamu uye kupa yako furati yekubhadhara inowanikwa; Kutenga nezvikamu pasina kuisa yako imba; Kutenga pasina macustoments nehurongwa hweimba yako wega kune mubhadharo wekutengwa pekugara uye kutenga dzimba dzisina dzimba dzisina zvidzitiro uye pasina kupa yako furati. Maitiro anotsanangura kutevedzana kwevanyorerwe, zvinotevera: Kodzero yeKutenga kwekutenga pekugara muChinyorwa inonakidzwa nemuridzi anodiwa mari yakawanda yakapihwa chikwereti; Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana, uyo anotengesa imba yake pachake mukana mune yekutanga nzira, mukana unoshandiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana, pane yekutanga uye yechipiri maitiro, aunofarira inopiwa kuve nezuva rekutanga rekunyoresa mune zvinyorwa zvekuvandudzwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekugara.
Kuvaka kuvaka uye kuchengetedza
OJSC "Kuvaka Savings Cashier" (SSC) yakagadzwa muna1998. Chirevo chehurumende yeMoscow N896. Muvambi wake ndiye Dhipatimendi reHurumende Pfuma yeMoscow. SSC inoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuedza akaitwa muDunhu rekumadokero pakuvakazve kwekataundi rezvivakwa zvechinyakare pamwe nekubatikana kwevagari vemo vaiti kuwana dzimba pasi peiyo mbozer. Iyo ndiyo muenzaniso weSSC, maererano nenyanzvi, inogona kunge iri sarudzo inosimbisa kwazvo yekukweretesa pakuvaka uye kuwanikwa kwedzimba panguva yekuumbwa kweMoscow uye kunyange Russian imba yeRussia.Vanhu vasingagumi kunyoreswa muMoscow nedunhu reMoscow, vachibhadhara mupiro wekutanga wemutengo wedzimba dzimba, dzinogona kuchengeta rimwe imba yedzimba dzeUniversity yedzimba uye panguva yekuvakwa kwayo (14-16 mwedzi ) kuita zvakaenzana zvakagovana imwe 45% yemutengo. Mushure meizvozvo, imba yekushomeka yechikwereti chakagadzirwa kune iyo nzvimbo yeiyo depositor ine kiyi yayo yekumanikidza kune yakazara chikwereti chemakore makumi matatu emakore ari pasi pe8% pagore. Iko kuitwa kwechirongwa icho kunoverengerwa kwemakore mashanu uye kune zvikamu zvishanu. Kuvaka chikamu chevakatanga kutanga pakutanga 1989, apo mukuru akaisa mhemberero yegomba rekutanga paLobachevsky Street, kuva ne94 zvakaitika. Mumakore mashanu chete kusvika ku73ga, zviuru zvishanu zvezviuru. M2 dzimba dzinofanira kuvakwa, 37hupamhi makumbo akaputswa, uye vagari vemo vanogoneswa mudzimba nyowani. Iye zvino inopera kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvechisere zvakakwira-zvezvivakwa. Dzimba mune manomwe wavo Muscovites dzinogona kutenga zvichienderana neiyo SCC chirongwa. Idzi ndidzo dzimba dzemanyoro dzezvisungo dzakavandudzwa, dzakakwirira nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yakakura yeparutivi. Mukupedzisira, zvitunha zvisere zvichaita kuti vagari vepedyo zvivakwa zvishanu zvemaitiro-mashanu kuti zvipfuure.
Kubva pane zvakaitika kumakore maviri ebasa, iyo SSC muDunhu reWestern inogadzira pfungwa yemuenzaniso weguta, iyo inopa kupatsanurwa kwemabasa eguta reCocroces neScC.
Kuti isu tirongere kuronga kwakabudirira, isu tinoda imwe ruzivo database, tarisiro yekudzora, chirongwa chinoshanduka-chinja uye mari yekuvaka yezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvese zvinoreva kusikwa kwechimiro chepakati cheCity SCC, inosanganisira hofisi yemusoro uye mashoipi ematunhu, izvo zvichawedzera zvakanyanya mutengi chikwereti chevatengi uye kukwezva nhamba yekuwedzera yevanowedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo nekushanyira bazi reSSC kuuya kumba kwake, mumwe mutengi anokwanisa kusarudza imba kwaari chero muMoscow, kuti vawane zano rinodiwa uye kuti vabudiswe zvese zvinyorwa zvinodiwa.
Kudyidzana Kubatana Pakutenda
Idzi pfungwa dzichiri kunyatsoziva nezvevagari veguta guru. Saka ngatitangei neyemapuranga emutemo. Pfungwa, maitiro ekuumbwa, zviitiko uye kudzimwa kwesangano pakutenda (comdients) inogadziriswa neiyo civil kodhi (art. 82-86). Kubatana kunogadzirwa uye kushanda pahwaro hwechirango chemhemberero. Kugadzirisa zviitiko kunoitwa nekuzara kwakazara comrade. Deapitors (vatungamiriri) havana kupihwa mvumo yekutarisira uye kuitisa zviitiko, asi zvakare kudenha zviito zvevakakwana manejimendi uye mufambiro wezvekudyidzana zviitiko pakutenda. Iye anopa mubatanidzwa mukutenda kunopa kugovera capital, iyo inosimbiswa negwaro rekutora chikamu (Chitupa cheSurite). Kodzero dzeDepositor dzinotarisirwa nechibvumirano cheConstituent (chibvumirano cheDeposit) uye mutemo unoshanda.
Kubatana kwekutanga muMosking muMoscow pakutenda "DSC-1 nekambani" yakagadzirwa muna Chivabvu 1997. Pakutanga kweJSC DSC N1 semuchengeti mune mutambi purogiramu yekukwereta kuHurumende yeMoscow. Nyamavhuvhu kutanga kwezvose, kufungidzira kuti yakazara comrade (kana comrades) kana misheni (kana paine vanoverengeka) pakutadza kugovana kwavo zvinhu, kwete nemitero yavo yemari. DSC-1 uye Kambani ", semuenzaniso, ichi ndicho 4th GBC, 5-vane pfungwa uye zvigadzirwa nemahofisi ehunyanzvi. Mari yemidziyo iyi yakanyanya kudarika huwandu hwakanyanya hwekubvumidza hweguta rakapetwa. Saka shanduro yeiyo piramidhi yemari mune imwe nyaya yekubatana komukati haina kupfuura. Iyo acrome yeiyo, paunenge uchibatsira mubatanidzwa wemichero, unogona kuchengetedza mari pane iyo account kwenguva yakareba. Mushure mezvose, mutengi anovimba neaanobatira, achiratidza ichi chinangwa chimwewo (mugore kana 5-10 makore) kutenga imba itsva.
Kubatana kwemucheto hakugadziri chero zvirambidzo kune vatori vechikamu mune huwandu hwekuisa, maitiro uye huwandu hwekubhadhara. Nekugadzira mari yekutanga, mutengi anogona kuwedzera nguva nenguva, kuzviunganidzira nekuda kweakaunti kusvikira mari yaunganidzwa yekutenga imba. Uyezve, kutora chikamu mumari mukuvakwa dzimba, iyo dhipoditor inowana chikamu chehunhu kubva mukutengeswa kweparadziro. Kana mutengi akafunga nezvekutenga imba, puro yake uye purofiti yakawedzerwa pairi ichanyorwa kuaccount yake panguva yeiyo 20bank mazuva.
Kubva muna Ndira 1, 2001. Chikamu chechipiri chekodhi codexarf, iyo (chinyorwa 2220 "Chinyorwa Chezvekutengesa Mutero Wakatenga Kukwereta Kunobatsira kubhadhara mutero wemari mune yekutenga dzimba dzekutenga kwete kupfuura mazana matanhatu ezviuru rubles. (anenge zviuru makumi maviri emadhora). ASAMI inoreva zvakanangana nekubhadhara kufarira kwezvikwereti zvemari zvinobva mumutero. Kubvisa mutero kune iyi kubatsirwa kunogona kuitwa kusvika pakushandisa kwaro zvakakwana.
Vagari vemo vakanyatsobatana mubatanidzwa kuti vaunganidze mari uye kugashira mibairo yemabasa emari uye nehupfumi, iyo inotsausa maitiro eiyo sharonga kubva kuComdant mubatanidzwa uye kugamuchira a dhipoziti muhomwe (huni), kuwana midanho pamhedzisiro yemubhadharo yegore (huni), izwi rechibvumirano kuchibvumirano chayo, pamwe nechibvumirano chekuunganidzwa kwemupiro kune kumwezve kutenga kwefurati. Chibvumirano pane maitiro ekuunganidzwa kwemupiro unotaura zvinangwa zvemapato nezve nguva uye saizi yemari yekuchengetedza uye mukana wekutenga imba. Muenzaniso wemuenzaniso uchapa mainini mamiriro ekutengwa kwefurati pane chikwereti (kutsvaga kwekubhadhara uye rubatso rwechiratidzo chezvivakwa "muDSC-1 nekambani". Saizi yeiyo yekutanga mupiro ye30% yemutengo wakakwana wefurati; Kubhadhara kwekuisa - kusvika 10let; Kuwanda kwemabhadharo emubhadharo kunoenderana nehupenyu hwebasa uye huwandu hwemupiro wekutanga; Mari yekufarira haisi kupfuura 10% pagore. Dzimba dzinopihwa chete kune vagari veMoscow nedunhu reMoscow kubva muhomwe yedzimba rekudyidzana; Solvency yemutengi inosimbiswa neiyo gadziriro yezvinyorwa zvakakodzera. Paunenge uchitarisa kutenga kwekutenga pane yekubhadhara kwekubhadhara ndiyo chibvumirano chinoenderana nekutengeserana kwezvivakwa, nepo imba yekukweverwa kune iyo mutengi uye yakatemerwa mubatanidzwa kusvikira pakuzadzikiswa kwemutengi inozadzikiswa zvizere nechibvumirano.
Zvakanaka, kana iwe uine yakakwira "isina" mari, iwe unogona kupihwa sarudzo ye "Quasi-Quasi" kugogodza "zvirongwa. Semutemo, ivo vakasiyana mune iyo nuances, asi zano rekutanga nderekuti: Mutengi anosarudza imba, inobhadhara 50% yemutengo wayo uye vaparidzi. Tevere, anobhadhara kuhaya, ndiko kuti, chikamu chisingabhadharwe chemutengo wefurati chakakamurwa kuva nemwedzi makumi maviri nemana mune yakaenzana migove. Mubairo Mubereko 10-13% pagore mumari. Mushure mekudzorera chikwereti, imba yacho inokweverwa pamusoro pemutengi.
Ndeipi mhando yemuenzaniso iri nani?
Izvi zvingaite sezvisina mhosva, asi kumutengi, chirongwa cheAmerica chinotove chichifarirwa. Zvirinani nekuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinokwanisika kuwana chikwereti chemari kuwana chero imba, nepo, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso sarudzo yeSSC, sarudzo inogumira nezvipiriso zvekuvaka uye hofisi yekuchengetedza bhokisi. Mari chaiyo inoita kuti zvikwanisike kutora chikamu mumhedzisiro yekuwana dzimba mumusika, uye kwete pane iyo SSC yakagadziriswa uye kazhinji yakawandisa mitengo. Asi, pamwe, mukana wakakosha kwazvo weAmerican vhezheni yenguva yekukweretesa. WMOSKOW, sezvataurwa kare, zvikwereti zvataurwa kwemakore anosvika gumi, uye maererano neiyo ScC chirongwa, iye anokwereta anofanira kubhadhara kwe3, makore mashanu emakore. Haasi basa rekupedzisira rinotiridzwawo nenyaya yekuti muUS Scheme, iye anokwereta ane kodzero yekurasa chikwereti chake: murudo nechinguva chekutengesa imba (zvakanyanya, iyo chikwereti pairi) kana kuwana chikwereti chitsva nekuisa chikwereti. (Unas, ndezvechokwadi, zvakadaro mashandiro akadaro haasati akajairika.) Iko hakuna SSK yemikana yakadaro: Ndakatenga imba, hazvigoneke kutengesa kusvikira chikwereti chose chabhadharwa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvese, chirongwa chakareruka chikwereti chekukweretesa chevatori vechikamu chevatori vechirume vachiri kunonzwisisika, zvakachipa uye zvakachipa.Akavanzika Mifungo Ruzivo
Kufunga nezvekuwana chikwereti chemogeji, zviri nani kukoshesa kugona kwayo pachine nguva. Kuti tiite izvi, tinokuita kuti upindure mibvunzo gumi.
Poshi. Iwe une mari yakakwana kubhadhara iyo yekutanga mupiro (inowanzova 30% yemutengo weimba yakatengwa)?
2. Iwe unayo chero mari yekuvhara mari inoenderana nekutenga kwekutengesa kutengeswa kwekutengesa kweparamende? Izvi ndezve 1.5% yemutengo wefurati reChibvumirano cheChinjiti, mubhadharo wekunyoreswa kweGBD pamhedzisiro yeChikwereti cheChikwereti uye kubhadhara kweinishuwarenzi premium pamhedzisiro yeinishuwarenzi kontrakiti (iyo inokwereta pakubhadhara kwayo inofanira kusimbisa hupenyu hwake uye kuremara, akawana zvinhu, njodzi yekurasikirwa kwerudzi (zita) kuti imba yavepo). Summe iyi kubhadhara kunogona kubva ku 1.5 kusvika 5% pagore.
3. Iwe une mari yakakwana yekuchengetedza iyo inodiwa mhuri yekugara nguva mushure mekubhadhara kwemwedzi kuti ubhadhare chikwereti uye ubhadhare nezvazvo? Mushure mezvose, izvi kubhadhara kunogona kusvika kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemari yemhuri yekuwedzera.
ina. Iwe une chiitiko chinoenderera mberi chiitiko mumakore maviri apfuura? Aesley aive akadzingwa uye aputsa basa, unovatsanangura sei?
shanu. Iwe unoongorora sei kusimba kweinzvimbo yako uye mari mumakore anotevera 5-10?
6. Iwe uchakurumidza kuwana basa nekukurumidza tsvaga imwe nekubhadhara isina kuderera pane yekutanga, kureva kuti, kudzoreredza yako Solvency?
7. Iwe wamboshandisa zvikwereti kana zvikwereti uye kuti vakadzidzora munguva yakakodzera here? Iwe unoshandisa makadhi echikwereti? Mune mamwe mazwi, une nhoroondo yakanaka yeChikwereti here?
sere. Uri kubhadhara masevhisi ekushandisa, runhare, magetsi, nezvimwe?
pfumbamwe. Iwe unayo ine midziyo inosvibisa kana isingafi (imwe furati, nyika imba, nezvimwewo), iyo inogona kuve yekuwedzera kusimbiswa kwechikwereti chako?
10. Iwe unogona here kupa seyakawedzera kuvimbisa chikamu chepamutemo, senge mushandirwi, bank luarantee kana chimwe chinhu chakadai?
Funga kana pane imwe nguva uchazviwana iwe usingakwanisi kuzadzisa zvibvumirano zvako kuti ubhadhare mari yekutenga iyo iyo bhengi ingangoda iwe kuti udzore chikwereti kwauri, kuti udzore imba kuti imba iyo yakakubatanidza maererano nemutemo wazvino semutemo wakaguma, zvichange zvichitengeswa, uye iwe uye zvese zvinogara newe zvinodzingwa padzimba iri. Zvakanaka, kunyangwe mushure mekutengeswa kwefurati kwemari yekudzosera mari pasi pechibvumirano chechikwereti hachizokwanirisa, mukweretesi anogona kukwevera chirango uye chimwe chezvivakwa zvako. Saka tora mari muchikwereti, usine chivimbo mukukwanisa kuidzosera nenguva uye muzere, zvakanyanyisa.
Kana iwe ukapindura iyi mibvunzo zvese zvakanaka, ipapo iwe uchave unokwanisa kuongorora iyo yakakwira chikwereti saizi iyo yaunogona kuvimba nayo. Pamazhinji marudzi mazhinji eInternet Sites anopa zvikwereti, pane iyo online mortage Calculator, imwe inogona kuona huwandu hwakanyanya hwekukwereta kwauri uye huwandu hwekubhadhara pamwedzi pairi.
Ndeapi magwaro anodiwa
Maitiro ekuwana chikwereti chechikwereti chakaoma uye yakareba. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvichireva chero sangano rinopa sangano rakadaro, iwe uchafanira kuzadza chirevo chemubhadharo wedzimba uye ubatanidze huwandu hwakawanda hwemapepa pane iyo ichave ichiratidzira mukana wekusakwanisa kusanganisira iwe Mune rondedzero yevanyoreri yechikwereti ichi. Rondedzero yemakwanywa ihuru uye isina kunyatsofanana mumapuranga akasiyana. Inogona zvakare kuwanikwa paInternet.Chinhu chekutanga chichadikanwa makopi emapasipoti (ese mapeji), kwete iye chete anokwereta, asi wevanhu vese vaigara pamwe chete naye, pamwe nevasaroora kana mukadzi / vabereki, vana vanochinjwa Kunze kumwe kumwe kunhu. Zvichadikanwa: Iyo kopi yeChitupa Yekupa Inn, kopi yegwaro iri hwaro hwekunyoresa pekugara zvachose kwevakwereta, kopi yekuumbwa kwedzidzo uye nhamba yevamwe. Uye zvakare, zvinyorwa zvinosimbisa yako mamiriro emuchato, hutano neruzivo nezve basa uye mari zvichadikanwa. Izvo zvichave zvakafanira kupa ruzivo uye zvimwe zvinhu kana zviripo. Mamwe magwaro anogona kukumbirwa. Izwi rekufunga nezvebvunzo yemubvunzo unowanzove kubva kuvhiki maviri kusvika ku1 mwedzi. Kana sarudzo yakanaka yakaitwa, iwe unozopihwa kuunganidza mamwe magwaro ekupinda muchibvumirano chekufa. Rondedzero yavo ichapihwa kune iyo kambani inopa chikwereti.
Pakati paGumiguru wegore rino, mutemo wemubatanidzwa wakagamuchirwa muRussia, izvo zvakaita shanduko uye zvinowedzera kumutemo wekushandisa "Opripotek". Izvozvi zvinokurudzirwa kuti "imba yekugara kana imba yakawanikwa kana yakavakwa uchishandisa chikwereti chebhangi kana imwe kiredhiti inotariswa kubva musi wekunyoreswa kweNyika yerudzi rweanokwereta." Kujekeswa kunoitwa kune chinyorwa 54, kuchengetedza mukweretesi kubva kune asiri-ushamwaridzana kana asina mhosva ane chikwereti anobvuma kunonoka kwekugara achibhadhara. Iyo kiredhiti yechikwereti yakakwanisa kuda kuzadzikiswa kuzere kwezvisungo, kwete kubhadhara kwechikwereti chimwe chiripo. Kukwikwidza kwekugara kwedzimba, kuwanikwa kana kuvakwa pasi pechibvumirano chechikwereti kuti udzore chikwereti chebhangi, hwaro hwekugumisa kodzero yekushandisa iyo nhare uye nhengo dzemhuri yake nenhengo dzezvigaro izvi. Kudzoserwa pane dzimba dzakatemerwa "kunogoneka zviri mumutongo uye kwakadzorwa nenzira." Chivakwa chekugara kana imba, iyo yakaiswa pasi pechibvumirano chemoyo uye iyo inokweverwa pakupora, inoitwa nekutengesa kubva mukutengera yakabatanidzwa muchimiro chakavhurika kana kukwikwidza. " Iyo New India yeGuru 2 yeChinyorwa 78 inodzivirira masangano ekukwereta kubva kune vanokwereta mhuri yavo mushure mekupinda muchirongwa chekuzvipira kusunungurwa kune iyo yekuregererwa kweiyo imba yakagadziriswa kana imba yekupora. Rugwaro rwechinyorwa 78 harina kubvumira kugadzirisa nyaya yekubva kwavo.
Uye iyo varindi uye varimi vakuru uye vane kodzero yekubvumirana nevamiriri vevana kana nhengo dzemhuri dzinogona kutaurira kana kuendesa kuchikwereti. Mvumo yakadaro inofanira kuendeswa kune iye anokumbira kunyoreredzwa munguva yemazuva makumi matatu, uye kuramba munyika yemvumo inofanira kukurudzirwa. Iye anonyorera "ane kodzero yekupikisa sarudzo yeVarindi uye miviri yekuchengetera mudare."
Maitiro Ekuita Chibvumirano cheMortoge
Ziva kuti chibvumirano chekufa, maererano nehunyanzvi. 339 yeiyo Civil kodhi yeRussia Federation inoiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa notrial chitupa uye kunyoreswa kwenyika. Kukundikana kutevedzera zvimwe zveimwe yezvirevo izvi zvinoita kuti zvisave zvisina kunaka. Inonzwisisika mamiriro nemhedziso yechibvumirano chekutanga pane imwe imba. Parizvino pane zvimwe zvinokatyamadza pakukumbira kwekunyoreswa kwenyika. SODA Party, chibvumirano chekutanga chinofanira kugumiswa muchimiro chakasimbiswa chibvumirano chikuru (art Saizvozvo, hachisi chivakwa chekutengeserana, saka kunyoreswa kweNyika yeNyika hakudi. Asi pasina kusahadzika, chibvumirano chekutanga chinobvumirana chibvumirano chekumanikidzwa chekial (chinyorwa 18, 163,165, 339, 429 grf). Kana uchigumisa zvibvumirano zvemari, mubvunzo wemhedzisiro yemhedziso yavo zvine chekuita nechiitiko icho nyaya yemhiko isisati kana kutengwa neyakafa. Zvino, mutemo wehurumende "Obijootek" akatendera rubatso rwechinhu chekuvaka kusinganakidzi.
Maererano nechinyorwa 339 grkf uye chinyorwa che9-mechi-fel Jacefruf "Opripotek", muchibvumirano chechimoto chinofanira kuratidzwa.
- Mapato kune chibvumirano; Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvina kunyatsogadzikwa kuti chibvumirano chisingabvumirwe kugumisa nzvimbo yekugara munzvimbo yemugari wenzvimbo yemiganhu (ndima 6 yeMutemo "Opripotek");
- Chisungo chinopihwa nechikwereti, zvichiratidza kuwanda, hwaro hwenguva uye nguva yekuurayiwa; Kana chisungo chakavakirwa pachibvumirano, chinodiwa kuti utaure mapato ayo, zuva nenzvimbo yemhedziso;
- Chinhu cheMortoge: Tsananguro yechinhu chemaonero ezvivakwa, zvakaringana kuzviziva (zita, nzvimbo, chinangwa, hunhu);
- Kodzero yeiyo mortgag kune yakarongwa chivakwa chinhu uye zita renzvimbo yeruramisiro yakanyoreswa, ndiko kuti, chibvumirano cheMortoge chinongova nekunyoreswa kwenzvimbo dzeMutungamiriri kuferefetwa;
- Kana kodzero dzechemo dzakasimbiswa nechikwereti, chinofanira kutsanangurwa;
- kuongororwa (kukosha) kwechinhu chechikwereti mumari yemari (pamitengo yemusika);
- Maitiro ekupora kwechivimbiso (nechisarudzo chedare kana chibvumirano chakasarudzika chemapato);
- Muchibvumirano cheSipo yeImba, zvivakwa, zvivakwa, zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa nekodzero yepasirese yepasi pevhu, pamwe nekupa rubatso rweiyi saiti chinhu, sezvo zvikasadaro chibvumirano chekuchemo chichakurukurwa pachena (art. 340 yeiyo civil kodhi yeRussian Federation);
- Kana chibvumirano chisingagadzike chakasiyana, iyo pledger ine kodzero yekurasa rubatso, kusanganisira kusanganisa uye kuendesa kune inotevera dhipoziti, chete nemvumo yechiripo.
Kana nzvimbo isingazungunuke iri mumararamiro akanyorwa, zvinoda kunyorwa mubatanidzwa wayo, uye kana iri muhuwandu hwehuwandu, uyu mvumo haidiwe (chinyorwa 7 cheMutemo "Opripotek"). Kubvumidza kuchikwereti chezvivakwa zviri muhukama hwevaroora, kubva kune mumwe mukadzi, anofanirwa kuiswa (ndima 3 yeCocial Codecarf). Kana chinhu chemogeji nzvimbo yekugara ine vagari vadiki, vanhu vanokwanisa kana vasina mhosva, saka mvumo yakanyorwa inodikanwa kuti iite basa rekurinda uye muchengeti wemutemo 74 weMutemo "Opripotek") .
Inishuwarenzi yose njodzi uye kurara zvakadzikama
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti iyo inishuwarenzi inishuwarenzi inotaura kubatana uye kuoma, mukudzidzira uye makambani einishuwarenzi ivo pachavo vanoona njodzi yakatarwa, iyo inokwereta inofanira kushanyirwa. Semutemo, kukweretesa chikwereti chine chibvumirano chakawanda pane kushandira pamwe neinishuwarenzi kambani, iyo inopa yakazara yakazara yeinishuwarenzi mabasa emari yemitambo. Kubva pane yakawandisa runyorwa rwechisingakwanisi, 3-4 inonyanya kukosha yakasarudzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mainishuwarenzi anodzikiswa, uye masevhisi eInsturer anopfuura neanokwereta kwete anopfuura 3-5% pagore pane chikwereti mari.
Chinhu chete chinofanira kushanyirwa chinosungirwa ndeye gadziriso yeiyo inokwereta (semuenzaniso, imba). Iyo inishuwarenzi kubva kune seti yengozi. Mushure mekuitika kwechiitiko cheinishuwarenzi, mutoro weInsturer anosanganisira basa rekudzorera. Iyo inishuwarenzi chibvumirano inoshanda panguva yese yekukwereta. Mubatsiri muChinjisa ibhengi rechikwereti. Mari yeinishuwarenzi yakaenzana nechikwereti chakawanikwa nechibvumirano, uye inishuwarenzi premium inenge 0.6-3% yechikwereti chemari.
Kana iyo imba yacho yatengwa mumusika wechipiri, mubvunzo wekuchena kwepamutemo kwezvinhu zvakatengwa zvakatarisana nenzvimbo yakapinza. Kuteerera kusiritiro kusiririsa kana kutyorwa mukushandura maitiro, zvese zvinotevera kutengeserana kunodzimwa uye kubhengi rechikwereti neisina kunaka zviitiko zvinoramba zvisina basa. Musoro weyunivhesiti inowedzera mutengo wechikwereti chechikwereti neyekuchengetera chikamu che1%, kunyangwe icho chinogona kuve chose chakaderera (0.5%) uye pamusoro (kusvika 3-3.5%). Paunenge uchitenga "primary" dzimba, njodzi yekugadzira zvisiri izvo zvekutengeserana zvakadzama, asi zvakare zvingangodaro. Iyo isingasviki mhando yeinishuwarenzi pakupera kweiyo mhedziso yekuchemo mhosva yekukwereta kweanokwereta. Mutengi, kunge muridzi wefurati uye mugari, ane basa kune vamwe vagari (vavakidzani vavo) zvekukuvara kwaanogona kukonzera pfuma yavo (moto, mafashama, nezvimwewo).
Iyi ndiyo imba yeRussia inogara izvozvi. Zvikwereti zvechikwereti zvichiri kuwanikwa kune zvishoma. Asi sarudzo nyowani dzinobuda zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinogamuchirika kuvagari vedu.