Girazi uye Crystal Midziyo: Kugadzira tekinoroji, kupedzisa, kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kugadzira kuverenga kwegirazi regirazi razvino, Murapo Girazi.
Inosangana neGild Cilding: Murano Island Shandisa Matombo Akafanotetepa eGoridhe, Kuparadza pane makumi ezviuru enyeredzi
WaMosesi girazi inotengwa nevanhu Fusion ruvara zvimedu glassass
Vases- "aquarium". Chokutanga, hove uye aqueous nzvimbo zvakaitwa, uye ipapo vanopiwa kupinda segirazi muchimiro.
Murapo Glass. In nyaya tumabhodhoro netumidziyo vari yakashongedzwa fused yakasvibiswa magirazi shinda
Makaseti kubva kuFordia Flastters of color misa
Girazi rakagadzirwa muIjipita yekare, uye zvakanyanya kusarudzika. Iyo yekutanga girazi misa inowanikwa nevanochera matongo yakanyorwa zera rendarira. Nhasi, matatu marudzi makuru egirazi anoshandiswa, anodarika mashanu matekinoroji ekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa kubva mariri uye anenge makumi maviri ekunze ekuparadzanisa maitiro.
Izvo hazvingogadzirwa negirazi! Rangarirai anoshamisa magirazi uye magirazi waini Gus-Crystal chirimwa, izvo vachangobva yakashongedzwa zvose varanda pasina anosara? Amohema girazi goridhe, rakasvibira uye tsvuku, iyo nyaya yekudada nezvokuvada chero! Asi iyo girazi harimire ipapo, uye musika wedu unokunda zvese zvinyorwa zvitsva zvekunze zvegirazi nekristaro. Saka maitiro ekufunga kusiyana kwavo? Uye kazhinji, chii ichi mhando? Unogona kuwana mhinduro muchinyorwa chino.
Production tekinoroji
Magirazi edu anoshanda anowanikwa nekufumura quartz ine oxides yesimbi dzakasiyana siyana. Chinhu chikuru chegirazi misa is silicon diixide. Tora iyo kubva quartz jecha. Pakutanga muGirazi, lime kana chaki yakawedzerwa, iyo yakaita girazi rikadzi, dzakatetepa uye hungochena. Iye zvino tekinoroji iyi haiwanzo kushandiswa. Chakawedzera Pota kana Inoue anopa girazi yakachena uye chiedza, nokuda kwayo we, zvakakodzera kunyanya nokuda pakuumba. Kekutanga, kristaro yakawanikwa muXVIVEK muEngland. Kuti uite izvi, wedzera tungamira kugirazi misa. Kubva pagirazi remagariro, iyo kristaro inoonekwa neakasimba kupenya uye chiyero chakakura chechiedza, nekudaro tichitamba nemavara ese emuraraungu. Inogara uye inogona kutemwa.Zvekunaka (kurongedza) kwegirazi remagirazi mariri panguva yekunyungudika yakawedzera simbi oxides. Somuenzaniso, simbi anoita segirazi zvinhu rinokwanisa kucheneruka-manyoro kana tsvuku, manganese-yellow kana shava, Chrome-uswa-mutema, uranium exchange-mutema-nyoro (anonzi uranium exchange girazi), cobalt (cobalt girazi), colloidal sirivha-yellow , mhangura - Red. Kune mamwe marudzi akadai egirazi sepfupa uye mukaka. Chekutanga chinowanikwa nekucheka girazi remagirazi rekusunungura pfupa, iyo yechipiri inogadzirwa nekuwedzera kwemusanganiswa wesango uye inonyungudika spa. Aesli yeiyo swipes yakafanana kuti inomutsa magirazi masasi mune isina kusimba degree, girazi repal
.Iyo tekinoroji yegirazi yekugadzira uye kuchema kwemazana emakore zvisina kuchinja. The akawanda ekare chikafu girazi zvibereko, sapakutanga, achibatsirwa kaviri, kwokunze uye dzakawanda. Musiyano uri pakati pavo uzere girazi gobvu, uye ipapo kupisa chigadzirwa muchoto.
Yemahara kuridza girazi yakashandiswa mukare rome kare makore makumi manomwe nemashanu e-don.e. The Inlet chubhu anonyudzwa kupinda girazi gobvu wakaumbwa muchoto. Ipapo, akatyaira chira kubva muchoto, rova pamusoro pehushe pane ibwe kana simbi pamusoro, ichipa iyo cylindrical chimiro. Rotating zvinobikwa patsvimbo chubhu, ridzai pamitsipa mudziyo. Panoperera acho, shamhu yacho discouched, choles ipapo kukwenenzverwa.
Powa egirazi mune fomu yakagoverwa kwazvo muXviii-XIX mazana emazana emakore. Maererano neiyi tekinoroji, chigadzirwa chinopa maparenda ekutanga uchishandisa tube, ndokuzoisa muchimiro chehuni kana simbi, chakapetwa uye chakagadziriswa. Yakasununguka blown kana blown girazi iri nyore kuwana iyo nzira kubva kuhubhu.
Girazi rinobuda rakatanga kugadzirwa mumakumi maviri-kgs dzeXixvik muAmerican, kubva kwayakapinda muEurope. Yaive nzira itsva yekugadzirisa girazi misa, mairi yakadururwa mumhangura kana yeiyo yeimbi uye yakamanikidzwa nekushandiswa kwezvipenga. Maitiro akadaro ane mumwe munhu anowedzera-onons uye kuvandudzwa kwaishandiswa Rena Lilik naGalen.
Mhando dzekushongedza dzegirazi
Maitiro mazhinji ekushongedza kwemukati uye ekunze kwezvinhu zvegirazi zvinozivikanwa. Ngatirambei tichifunga nezvinonakidza uye zvinoshamisa.
Technique "girazi yarn": pane yekutanga yakagadzirirwa girazi fomu maronda emucheka wegirazi reimwe ruvara kana kumwe kujeka. Pattarns kubva kune iyi tambo inogona kuve yakasiyana uye fomu grid (retichell glassi), yakazadzwa tambo (minhenga) kana opal spirals (filigree). Pachitsuwa cheMurano muVenice, imwezve shanduko yeiyi nzira - Milerefiori ("zviuru zvemavara") akagadzirwa. Mahwendefa angu egirazi kana machubhu anoumba maruva (saka zita racho) rakacheneswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, bubbles inopeputswa ichishandisa zvinyorwa zvevatete vehombodo (maererano neshoko renyama), uye tambo dzinopenya dzinoyerera dzinoumba mhepo yakanangana negirazi.
Girazi reMadokero (tambo, kana Krakl) vanowanikwa nekunyudza basa rekushanda mumvura inotonhora, iyo inoumbwa pamusoro pekoneti yezvinonhuwira marara (cracker). Ipapo girazi rinopiswa uye riviridzwa.
Kugadzira muganho wehuwandu kunoda tenzi ane ruzivo kwazvo. Iko kuputika isina kana dura neimwe nzira mune akati wandei-mavara egirazi, kana kufukidzwa nemavara mavara kubva mukati. Ipapo zvigadzikiso zvakarongedzwa, zvakapetwa kana kugadzirwa pachena wakafanana neKameu.
Girazi reMosesi: Iyo yakaumbwa yekukanda inozadzwa nezvidimbu zvidiki zvegirazi rine mavara akawanda. Ipapo chimiro chakaiswa muvheni, nezvimedu zvanyauka.
Kuoneka kwakanyanya kwekushongedza kwekunze kwemidziyo yegirazi-pendi. Inogona kugadzirwa nenzira inotonhora (opaque pendi inoiswa kune iyo nzvimbo isina kutevera kupfura) uye enamel neiri yekupfura (enamel yeganda rakarongedzwa panguva imwe chete yakajeka kusiyanisa neiyo huru kumashure) pamusoro pechigadzirwa.
Iyo glaze inoitwa uchishandisa chete maviri sirivha sirivha (inopa yero glaze) uye mhangura (inozobuda dema kana tsvuku glaze).
Iro maitiro anopa girazi pearl inopenya. Ruvara runotsvedza kubva kuchena pachena kune goridhe-goridhe. Vehi Technology Yakaitwa Akakurumbira Tiffany Art Glass.
Goridhe ndeimwe yemidziyo yakakurumbira yekushongedza ndiro. Foil yakatetepa inogona kuve yakanyoroveswa pakati pezvikamu zvegirazi (zvinowirirana kugomera, mukurumbira muBohemia) kana kuifukidza kunze. Izvo zvinokwanisika kupenda pamusoro pechinhu chendarama (ichi chakachipa pane foil, saka zvinonyanya kufarirwa).
Etching kana Satin (sekuenderana neiyi tekinoroji matekinoroji Crystal Lalique) yakatanga kushandiswa muna 1771 nekuvhurwa kweiyo nzvimbo yekuda. Iyi acid pachayo inoita girazi rinopenya, uye rayo rinotarisa. Iwe unogona kushandisa iyo yese nzvimbo yakazara (iyo ichiramba yakatsiga uye yakasvibirira) kana kusarudza (chete dhirowa).
Iyo pamusoro ndeyekuti izere kana chete iyo dhirowa inogona kuongororwa neRwizi rweOscillate Sand Technique yekugadzirisa. Zvinozoitika zvakafanana, sekukuvara kweakari, asi ndege inova inotsikisa, yakaenzana.
Crystal inorevedzwa kunyora uye kutemwa. Kunyora kunoiswa kune pamusoro nedhaimani. Patters anowanikwa sekunge akakwenenzverwa uye asina kudzika. Iyo yakajairwa kutemwa inoitwa uchishandisa yakapinza madhaimani cutters uye yakakosha yekugeda denderedzwa. Iyo inopa muenzaniso, inodzokororwa zvakadzama mukati. Dhaimani akacheka: Rhombic Piramids anojekeswa mundege.
Kugeda kungaitwa kugadzira kutenderera uye marudzi omuorivhi-akavezwa pasi. Maitiro ezvipenga zvegirazi zvinopisa, madonhwe kana matenderedzwa kubva kugirazi uye akasvibiswa girazi anoita kuti ndege yakasvibirira.
Saka, takasangana nemabatiro aakaitwa uye sei girazi uye kuti ingashongedzwa sei. Iye zvino yave nguva yekuziva nezve zvigadzirwa zvegirazi razvino poda. Ehezve, mafemu anogadzira girazi uye makristaro ndiro ndezvekuwanda, kutaura nezvese mune imwe chete mune chimwe chinhu chidiki hazvigoneke. Saka zviedzwe isu pachedu chete mukurumbira wekunze wekugadzira nzira.
Munhu wese nevanhu vese
Ngatitangei ongororo kubva kune izvo zvinowanikwa kune wese munhu - nezvakawanda zvigadzirwa. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kwayo inomirirwa zvakanyanya, asi hazvigoneke kuita pasina basa remaoko. Sketches ye fomu uye decor vanoita magadziri. Kupfuurirazve, zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa mune imwe stencil kana maitiro, ayo anozviitira zvakachipa, pasina kudzima kukosha kwekutyisa.Iyo yekutanga mhando iyo inoda kubhadharwa - Iittala (Finland). Iittala girazi rakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hunyanzvi, nekuwedzera kwe lime. Ndiro dzinowanikwa neine pachena, dzakatetepa, asi dzakatetepa uye dzisiri pasi pekukurumidza kukuvara. Izvo zvakanyatsoshivirira kushambidza mushe.
Dhizaini yekugadzira inokosheswa mupasi rose, uye mumiriri weIittala-wenyika ino. Minimalism, iyo 1950-19-Howdy maitiro ave akasiyana zviratidzo zveIittala Brand. Pakati pezvivunganidzwa kwake ndizvo zvinhu zve "classic" dhizaini yakagadzirwa muna 1950-1970. Ngwarira zvigadzirwa zvevanogadzira zvazvino zvisarudzo zvakasarudzika zvakazoratidzwa zvisina kusimba. Artists kubva kuFinland, Sweden, basa reGerman rekugadzira uyu. Magirazi, decanters, vasi, zvigadziko zvemwenje zvinoratidzwa nekunyora uye conciseness yemifananidzo uye kushongedzwa zvishoma. Iko hakuna madhirowa, zvigadzirwa ndezvimwe-photon isina mavara Mitengo kubva pamadhora mashanu (magirazi madiki) kusvika pamadhora zana (makuru emagetsi uye mavheti). Kana iwe uchida kuita chipo, iwe unogona kushandisa Iittala Proarte kuunganidza, iyo inosanganisira maves, mahwendefa, akagadzirwa neruoko . Izvi zvinhu zvakadzama zvakanyanya, asi zvichiripo - kubva pamadhora makumi mashanu (vase).
Demaglass uye Churchill (United Kingdom) - Mweya Inoenderana: Izvo zvakasikwa kubatsira pasina mari yakawandisa yekushandisa kuti ishandure chikafu chakajairika kuti ufare. Demaglass ofclosures inofanira kutarisisa kune magirazi anotengeswa mumapakeji akagadzikana ezvimedu zvitatu. Magirazi emakona kubva muunganidzwa wekupedzisira akashongedzwa nemutongi kuyera nhamba yezvakakosha zvirimo. Kune mafashoni eJapan-bamboo toni, hieroglyphs, dhiragoni. Demaglass inoshanda zvese negirazi yakajeka uye nejecha-miti.
Iyo girazi rekodhi inonyanya kutunganidzwa, ine maruva emaruva anonyudzwa ne stencil. Ivo vanopihwa minda yese yakapatsanurwa uye minda yese yemaruva kana bouquets, kubva kuna gerbera kuna chamomile, kubva kumaruva kune violet. Zviri nyore kwazvo kutora seti yese yemidziyo mune imwe chimiro (makapu ehukuru hwakasiyana, decanters, mabhodhoro, nezvimwewo). Variants of decor yegirazi uye mitemo iri kuchinja e-mail. Mitengo yezvigadzirwa zveaya marudzi maviri emahara anenge akafanana: 3 Packaca - kubva pamadhora makumi maviri.
Iyo yekushandisa, yakanaka uye isingadhuri girazi inoburitsa mafirita akadai seNemtoi (Italy), Luminarc uye Arcoroc (France Crystal (United Kingdless).
Vazhinji vagadziri havatyi kuve varipo muimba imwe neimwe uye vasingatsvaki kuve vasina simba. Kusiyana neizvozvo, kuvimbika kwavo kunowanikwa pachena. Yves panguva imwe chete mukukwanisa kwavo kudzima kuseka kuseka kunyange chinhu chakareruka senge, chiti, fuuder for champagne. Maumbirwo epakutanga ari kukurudzira kwavo nyore kana kukunda mwenje wechiedza. Mabasa evatenzi vakadaro haachadhuri, achitenga kunyange yakagadzirirwa patafura haisi kudzikisira bhajeti rako. YVES inguva imwe chete mumba ichapinda chimiro chakakosha, runako, kuseka. Pamberi, vagadziri ava vari kuverenga vanhu vadiki, mapapu ekumuka uye asingatyi kuedza. Asi ivo zvakare vanoziva kufadza vamiriri vechizvarwa chechizvarwa nekuita kuti zvishoma kupinza mumhando yakasimba. We kureva, kupfuura zvose, mugadziri Brands kufanana Leonardo (Germany), Ritzenhoff (Germany) naKosta häät (Sweden).
Zvinyorwa zveDestop
Yokutanga yeGerman yakasimba mukudzokorora kwedu - Leonardo, kushanda negirazi kwasara uye zvakanyatsobudirira. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chekuvhiringidza nemamwe makambani, imwe nzira kana rimwe zita reGreat Leonardo da Vinci ritamba mumazita. Mugadziri weGerman, watinopa watinotaura, anopa zvigadzirwa zvako nebhuruu yebhuruu ine machena machena uye zvinyorwa zveLeonardo. Iyo tekinoroji yekukanda girazi, kunyangwe iri nyore, haina kuita zvinhu zveichi chakakosha, asi chete inokubvumira kuti ubudise mapato makuru kuita kuti basa revatenzi vasingawoneke. Yakawanda yezvose leonardo anoda girazi risina ruvara uye mutambo uine mafomu. Kuunganidzwa kwekambani kunosanganisira zvinhu zvipo zvezvipo uye kungo shongedza kamuri. Leonardo anofarira dhizaini yemazuva ano, avant-garde uye mashoma uye haatyi ye pop art chimiro. Kazhinji, kubhururuka matesitende, inoshandisa mifananidzo yeSanta Claus naMickey Maus. YVES inguva imwe chete inotsvaga kuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvinoshanda sezvinobvira, kazhinji nguva imwe chete kana ndiro inogona kushandira zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Ini ndisina mitsara yakananga, ivo vakamonyaniswa, vadzoreredzwa, kukotama.
Iyo yekushongedza kwezvigadzirwa zvayo Leonardo inotarisana nekukosha kukuru. Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzakatsiga dzakanyatso kushandiswa. Kana iyo nyaya ichiri yakashongedzwa, saka inonyanya kuzivikanwa motifs yeZen Hieroglyphs, geometric mafomu, pamwe negenzi nevaridzi uye nyoka. Mavara ane mavara "anotyisa" ruvara rwacho rwemusango. Ruvara rwusina kupenya, rwakajeka, kure nega, ndezvemakwenzi, marasha, marasha, mbeva, mutsvuku, Razo, mukaka, mukaka Mitengo ndiyo inotevera: magirazi uye magirazi- $ 12, mahwendefa - madhora makumi maviri, vazu- $ 38.
Uye zvakadaro, munharaunda yekushongedza, Leonardo anongofananidza mwana achienzaniswa neRitchenhoff. Uyu mugadziri anoburitsa magirazi, magirazi, magirazi, ashitrays, makapu emhando dzezvakanyorwa, asi havazoshevedze dhizaini yavo munzira ipi neipi. Kambani inobata mukwikwidzi pakati pevashandisi uye maartist gore rega rega uye anosarudza avo vanozo "ita mamiriro ekunze" munguva pfupi iri kuuya. Girazi ritzenhoff rakazara, rakawanikwa nekukanda. Asi dhirowa rinoiswa pamunhu, uye kazhinji varwi ivo pachavo vakaita matombo. Diverse Drawings Symbol: Caricature, pop Art, Primitivism, Avant-Garde. Iyo huru inosiyanisa chikamu cheRitzenhoff-kuseka kushongedza uye zano rekutanga. Kuunganidzwa kwemugadziri wega wega kunobva kune chiuru chezviuru kusvika zviuru zviviri zvemazana uye kunoraswa kwenguva imwe, pasina kudzokorora. Zvese zvinhu zvinotengeswa mupakeji zvakagadzirwa nemunyori mumwechete, nechitupa chechokwadi, iyo autograph yeMusiki uye nyaya yezvinyorwa izvi zvinoreva izvi. Dzimwe dzinounganidzwa dzinopihwa neine yakasarudzika kana yakamira. Asi, kunyangwe ichokwadi kuti girazi ritzenhoff ndeyekuunganidza uye chipo chakakodzera, mitengo yakaderera. Semuenzaniso, girazi remukaka mune mumwe munhu wekugadzira bhokisi rinodhura anenge madhora makumi matatu.
Kambani yeSweden Kosta Boda, seNyika Dzese Dzenyika, dzinoratidzwa nekutsamwa kwakavanzika. Inoshandisa girazi rakaomarara: Kune zvinhu uye cobalt, uye christaro, uye krakle (ice maitiro). Kugadzira tekinoroji - kukanda, huwandu hwezviitiko zvemhando imwe chete kusvika kune 1000. Kuunganidza kwakaburitsa nguva imwe chete, asi panguva yepepa, iwe unogona kuraira chinhu chaunoda kufekitori. Imwe yesarudzo dzekunze kwekupedzisira ndiko kufukidzwa ne sirivheri chaiyo ine mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi, Patina. Uku ndiko kushamisika kwekambani. Kosta Boda inopa iyo kuunganidzwa kweVaz, tafura yekugadzirisa zvinhu, zvipo uye tarisa. Zvipo, tekinoroji yakasarudzika yegirazi inoshandiswa: Iyo chigadzirwa pane yakatemwa iri pendi, saka danda regirazi risina ruvara raiswa, saka ruvara rwese uye saka zvachose. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyemberi chinhu chinowoneka, uye kana iwe ukatarisa pane angle, ruvara rwakaonekwa mukati, uye chii chimwezve. Uye iyo nguva yekugara ndiyo girazi riri pendi muchimiro che matsse. Pane yega yega chigadzirwa siginecha yevashandisi uye maartist. Mitengo inowanikwa zvakanaka: Sirivha Magirazi - kubva pamadhora makumi matatu nemashanu pane chidimbu, muhomwe muhomwe yezasi - kubva pamadhora makumi matanhatu.
Muchikamu ichi, ini ndinodawo kutaura nezve orrefers brand (Sweden) neEgizia (Italy).
Mhemberero yeEstetov
Uye ikozvino ngatitaurei nezvehuwandu hwevatungamiri vekuumbwa, izvo zvinonyanya kuburitsa zvinhu zvetafura. Ehezve, izvi hazvisi kurongeka, asi zvinyorwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvemhando nguva, chiratidzo cheupfumi uye kuremekedza. Iyo IVAWER inosanganisira kwete chete zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa chete kumichato kana kwegore, asi zvakare zvine mwero uye zvinokwanisika.Nhau nezve girazi reAestinotanga nemhando yeFrance yeChristofle. Chaizvoizvo, inonyanya kuzivikanwa nesirivha yayo yekucheka, asi haina kudhura mese crystal (ingori yekristaro, kwete girazi). Uchristfle iwe uchawana zvese kuti "zvinwiwa zvakanaka". Nyaya yekudada kwakakosha ndeye akasiyana-siyana magirazi, magirazi, magirazi, decanters akasikwa zvakananga kumhando dzakasiyana dzezvinwiwa (doping doping). Crystal christofle inogadzirwa nemaoko uye inonakidza kwazvo kubata. Kunyora kunoiswa kune pamusoro, iko kunobva ratichi, uko kunopa manyorerwo akanyorwa. Ziva kuti mafemu akasiririsa sirivheri uye sirivheri, iyo nzira yekubatwa nayo chakavanzika. Sirivheri iripo mune zvinoshamisa zvemakristuru zvinhu zvekunyanya kukosha (makumbo egirazi, kubata zviyero, kupenda). Pasinei nenyaya yekuti mhando yacho inoenderana nechero dhizaini isina kunyorwa, magirazi echiFrench anogara achiuya nechimwe chinhu chitsva. Iyo sirivheri uye goridhe ichave iripo mukugadzirwa kweVodka ngowani. Uye iyi haisi foil iri nyore kana pendi, asi tekinoroji inokosha yekupfira kwemukati. Mari yemakristum crystal magirazi pasina sirivheri inobva pamadhora makumi mashanu.
Maka Waterford kubva kuIreland inonyanya kuwedzeredza. Izvo zvinopihwa zvese zvakazara zvekunwa uye chikafu, uye zvinhu zvekushongedza kwemusha (makasara, mapikicha emifananidzo, pamwe nekuunganidza nguva dzakakosha (muchato, gore revanhu). Chinhu chakasiyana cheWestford ndiyo tekinoroji yekuwedzera iyo silicon oxide mune girazi misa, iyo inoita kuti crystal yakapfava uye ine mishonga. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira iyo yakakurumbira Diamond yakatemwa (kwete kuvhiringidzwa nekunyora). Pamusoro pekrisimasi mhosva, sekunge yakafukidzwa nemadhaimani ekuratidzira. Iyo kambani inokamura kuunganidza kwavo nezera racho pane kusarudzika kwechiitiko: Vanhu vakuru vanopihwa chinongedzo, chinorema, chakakomberedzwa krishuma nechero, vechidiki uye vatete vakanyora. Zvigadzirwa "kune vakuru" zvinoitwa pamunhu, kubva pakuridza kucheka, kuchema "kwechidiki" tekiniki zviri nyore, kukanda. Mafomu uye kushongedza kwe "mukuru" kuunganidzwa kwevanodzivirira uye madhaimani akatemwa uye kushambadzira, kuongorora, kucheka kwezvinhu zvega (makumbo ega (makumbo, anobata). Waterford mutauro waunofarira weU.S, mabhegi emitambo inopfuura neicho chekristaro. Inogona kuoneka muinema, makapu emitambo uye mibairo yakagadzirwa nayo. Pasinei neizvi, mutengo wegirazi kubva ku "mukuru" muunganidzwa unobva pamadhora makumi mana, uye kubva kune "mudiki" - kubva pamadhora gumi nemashanu.
Kune vanhu vanoda kusaita kwete chete tafura, asi iyo imba yese iri mumhando yemhando inogona kurayirwa neVilleroyboch. Primary Specialization yeCompany-Dining China. Kambani iyi yakatanga muXixvek uye yaive shamwari yakakosha yeiyo vanhu vakapfuma uye vanoziva kwazvo muEurope, kusanganisira nhengo dzemhuri dzamambo. Asi nguva inoda shanduko. Kuhwina pfungwa Pakupedzisira, kambani yakatanga kusunungura yakawanda uye yakashongedzwa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepafura Crystal Villeroyboch Listeright, ine mashoma anotungamira zvemukati, asi nekuwedzera (kusimudzira glitter) sirivheri uye soda. Kushongedza kushongedza kunoshandiswa senzira yeakari. Zvimiro zvegirazi ndewekirasi, iyo yakakurumbira mhando inofarira kuchengetedza, inonamira kune yakasimba kuravira uye inotevera iyo isina kukwana mhando yezvigadzirwa zvayo. Iwe unogona kusiyanisa zvigadzirwa villeroyboch zvigadzirwa nekuchinja kwakatsiga kubva pagumbo kusvika mugirazi uye dhaimani rakatemwa bhora rejista. Pasinei nemashoko anotyisa kudaro, se "Conservatism" uye "Royal Dvor", Crystal Villeroyboch haityise mutengo wayo - iyo girazi mutengo kubva pamadhora makumi mana.
Zvakare, hazvigoneke kusaterera kune iyo baccarat brand (France) uye, zvechokwadi, pane zvigadzirwa zvega zvakagadzirwa negirazi uye zvakavanzika zvevanogadzira (zvine munyori), zvakanyanya uye nekushingairira mumusika weRussia.
Pachitsuwa cheMurano muVenice, zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinogadzira zvinhu zvisingadhuri izvo zvinowanzounzwa kwatiri pasi peganda reGreal Muranian Girazi uye dzakatengeswa pamitengo yakapenga. Kuti usaite kuti uve munhu akabatwa nehunyengeri, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti girazi rega rinongoita chete zvidyarwa zvishoma zvechitsuwa. Murano Glass haigone kuvhiringidzwa neimwe, yakachena, inorema, yakaremerwa, yakapendwa nesimbi mhou dzinoshandisa mataira akaoma, Mosesi, Millafiori kana Gilise.
Present Art
Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa negirazi nekristaro, izvo zvinogona kuvakwa mune chinzvimbo cheunyanzvi, pane zvishoma munyika. Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvakasarudzika zvinoitwa neruoko, chidimbu, chinopihwa zvitupa, masaini uye nhamba. Mitengo yezvinhu zvakadaro haina muganho, asi chinhu chidiki diki chinogona kutengwawo kune munhu ane kuravira kwepakati. Girazi uye manyorerwo emabasa ehunyanzvi anozoita mukati mekusununguka, uchave uri mucherechedzo. Mhando dzinozotsanangurwa zvakare dzinogarawo munyika medu, asi kutenga kuchave kwakachipa kunze kwenyika, uye sarudzo ndeye. Chinhu chimwe chete ichocho chichava chiyeuchidzo chinofadza cherwendo. Murangano girazi, sechinhu chakakosha, hapana mumwe, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa chinyorwa chakaparadzana. Pano tichazongongongongongongongane mashoma emhando yake, ayo, mumaonero edu, akakodzera kutariswa.
Ngatitangei ne formia. Iwe uchamuwana zvigadzirwa zvake munenge zvese zvipo zvezvipo zveRussia, asi zvinotyisa fake. Mutengo wegirazi re formia yakaderera (kunyangwe isu dzimwe nguva tichizviisa kusakendenga), uye huwandu hwehunyanzvi hwekusvetuka hunongova hwakaringana. Tarisa zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa marudzi ese ezvemukati uye zvekunze zvinopedzisa zvinotaurwa mune ino nyaya. Aesli kuti uwane yekupedzisira yegirazi girazi wechiwedzera flatha fncy magadziri emahara, saka kushanda hunyanzvi izvo hazvinyadziswe kupa kana kuunza souvenir. KJK mafomu - akasiyana-siyana ezvifananidzo: hove, mabhiza, varume vadiki vanoseka.
Uye zvino nezvevakakurumbira muimbi. Sehuso viro shongedza zvigadzirwa zvine ruvara, tambo, yakaisvonaka, yakaisvonaka yekuisa gild. Uyezve, foil yakanaka kwazvo yakapararira mumidziyo pane zvidiki zvidiki, ichigadzira mhedzisiro yerudzi rwegoridhe. Dhizaini Gianpolo Seguzo, mumiriri wedzinza regirazi-poda Segulo Masters ese akasainwa, akaverengerwa uye akashongedzerwa nechitupa. Seguso viro kuvirisa inosanganisira vasi, mahwendefa ekushongedza, chigadziko, chepurasitiki yakanaka.
Makambani maviri aya achangoburwa haana kuita zvinhu zvidiki, basa ravo ndere uye zvipo. Pedza chinyorwa pane iyo Girazi Girazi uye Crystal inoda nyaya diki nezve lalalque brand (France). Artist Rene Lial akavhiringidza zvishongo zvakasimba izita rake, muna 1885. Gare gare, maestro akatakurwa negirazi. Kugadzira kugadzirwa kwekristaro kwayo, iyo kambani yakagadzira girazi remagirazi rine zvirimo. Votchchychi kubva kune mamwe mabresi, Lalique inovhuvhuta uye inobata girazi chete inopisa chete, uye maitiro ekutonhora anogona kugara anopfuura mazana maviri maawa. Zvinhu zvese zvakagadzirwa zvine mwero pakafa fekitori uye kupfuura nepamhepo yegirazi-yegirazi-poda masters, magirazi egirazi, etc., asati ari muchitoro chinoratidzira. Zvese Crystal iri pasi pekusarudzwa zvakakwana, chete makumi maviri muzana ezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvinouya kutengeswa. Crystal inogadziriswa muSatin matekiniki (Thermal acid kuratidzwa). Iyi nzira inomupa yakasarudzika yakadzika kupenya. Lalalque Ungano inosanganisira zvifananidzo, mavheti, mahwendefa, magirazi nemachira ewaini. Nyaya yekuyemura yakambove mabhodhoro emidzimu inogadzirwa mune mashoma huwandu uye kanenge kamwe kamwe kamwe kakawanda kudzokororwa. Chaizvoizvo chakasarudzika chekuunganidza kwezvishongo zvechisimba, mutsipa, zvindori, mhete. Asi zvakadaro kutungamira kukuru kwekambani - vase uye plastiki diki.
Lalique anoshandisa matsotsi evanogara maartist, pamwe nematanho ekutanga kweiyo Renee yeLalik uye vatenzi vake. Chaizvoizvo motifs - mhuka uye miriwo yenyika, nhamba yechikadzi uye ngirozi dzakarongedzwa pasi pemazuva ano uye ar-de they. Lalique yakarongedzwa maSaloni, ayo aripo kuunganidza kutsva uye zvinyorwa zvechinyorwa, zvinogona kuwanikwa pasi rese. Vakadzi vezvidzidzo kubva kuna Lalique vanogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti vane pfuma yechokwadi mumaoko, iyo isingazombopererwa nayo kukosha kwavo.
Colored Artistic Crystal inogadzira zvakare Daum (France) uye fekitori yechitsuwa cheMurano zanetti and gambropoggi.
Iyo yedhodhi yebhodhi yekutenda mishonga.a., "Gene Lex Association", Iitala Finland, Sieger Imba, imba gumi nemaviri yekutengeserana, "Ibtm" yekubatsira mukugadzirira zvinhu.