Nhoroondo yeiyo yekushongedza uye inoshongedzwa yemasita ese ndeye rococo. Tsanangudzo yehunhu hwekuita kwehunhu hwemberi hwepamberi.
ROCOCO YEMAHARA CENTE inoramba iri nzvimbo yakaderera yemoto, yakashongedzwa neyakajeka zororo rekunyepedzera. Pamusoro penzvimbo yemoto, kushongedza zvirokwazvo kunoisa girazi. Ndege yemadziro inowana kuratidzwa kweiyo yekushongedza mwero
Mukumbiridzwa, kuumbwa kwemidziyo yakakwidzwa kwakapararira, madziro ekushongedza akaisa musanganiswa unonakidza weiyo fir-cantole uye chipfuva muCoPpental maitiro, kuremekedzwa kwakadaro neBritish uye saka
Rococo fenicha inosimbiswa nenyasha uye inyasha. Izvo zvakakodzera kuteerera kune kuti sei nzvimbo yemazuva ano yeiyi horo yakadyara zvechokwadi kudzikisira zvinhu zvemamiriro acho ezvinhu. Iko kusanganiswa kwetsika yemwenje uye kugomera nemhando dzakawanda dzazvino mafomu anotaridzika zvakanaka
Rococo chimiro chakanangana, caprician, zvine mwero vasiri-vanofarira, zvakaringana kusimudzira, asi kwete zvakanyanya kudzora nyaradzo. Dhizaini yeiyo imbambaSin yekushongedza yakakweretwa pachipfuva chehembe
Rangarira iyo firimu ine zita rekukudzwa "Mr. Dogairator"? Vanyori vayo vanoverengera nguva yemazuva ano, asi chifananidzo uye "chimiro chebasa" chehunhu hukuru, icho chinonzi imwe yenguva dzese. Ndiwo mr. Mugadziri (kana Mr. Shongedza) anokwanisa kufema hupenyu mukati.
Mumwe akagamuchira kutsvaga mudunhu redhivaniro reshoko rekuti "kushongedza" richashamisika dzakawanda dzekududzira kwake. Tichagara tine maviri ezviviri zvekushandurwa uye dhizaini. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti iri mu rococo era uyo anopiwa basa rerubatsiro rwedare redziviriro-decator. Kwenguva yekutanga mumunda wekushongedza kwemukati, "nyeredzi" dzadzo. kusarudzwa kwemachira, avo vari mupendi yemidziyo yemidziyo.
Mune tsika yevakagara, iyo yekushongedza yemukati mhinduro ichagara zvakachengeteka nenzira inovaka kune dambudziko. Iyo yekushongedza inoisa mabasa epurasitiki uye ruvara, inofarira architectons yenyaya uye nzvimbo yekuita kwavo kwakanaka kutaura. Iyo nuances uye zvinhu zvakakosha pane kugadzirwa. Kutaura nezvehunyanzvi hwekushongedza kwemukati, zviri nani kushandisa izwi rekuti "Shongedza", kwete "Mugadziri", sezvo iri basa rekushongedza rinotora chisikwa chechifananidzo chemukati.
"Kushongedza" Zvita
Munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemukati, masitaera uye mafambiro anozivikanwa kuti ndeapi ekushongedza uye kushongedzwa kwekutanga kunotongwa, uye dhizaini yekwenzi uye tecontics enda kumumvuri. Iyo yekushongedza zvakanyanya uye inoshongedza maitiro, hongu, inoramba ronde. Kwaari, kutanga kubva panguva yekuzvarwa kwake pakutanga kweiyo Xviiiv, vagadziri, maartist uye macarators anogara achitendeukira kune chero gadziriso yekushongedza. Iyo yemukati inotanga kunzwisiswa sevaraidzo, joke, kugadzirira kuzviratidza "Mr. Designer". Naizvozvo, Rococo anowanzo bvumidzwa nevatenzi vemazuva ano. Yaive chimiro ichi chakagadzira nyika yese yemadhorobha dzakasiyana siyana, zvishongo zvemaruva, mapurotoni anodarika uye anoisa pamadziro uye fenicha.Iyo yapfuura nguva ine mafomu ayo anofara, ane simba rekukudziridza nzvimbo uye hunhu hwepfungwa hwakatsiviwa nechikamu chekudzikisira kunatswa. Iyo yakasvibirira yemhando yeRococo yakazviratidza mumatanho emidziyo, uye mune yakazara mavara, uye kunyanya mukuziva kwekushongedza sechiitiko chakazvimiririra uye kuzvimiririra kwekuzvimiririra mukugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.
Mangani rococo masitayi?
Mumidziyo yebazi kubva pakutanga kweiyo Xviii zana kusvika kuna 1730th, iyo inonzi tsika yekudyara iri kukura. Instonits uye ornamenics yezvinhu zvinoponeswa zvakaponeswa nezvinhu zveFrench Baroque, kunyangwe mafomu acho ave nyore. Symmetry, asi kuiswa kweCurls, maGarland, mabouquets uye kuumbwa kusununguka, kunowedzera kufungidzira kwemukati, kunotongwa nemhinduro inokosha. Iyo yakagadzirirwa motifs yakanganisa rudo rwezvinopenya, lining, intars, varnish. Vese vakakurumbira Wizards Rockey Fenicha - Roentgen, N. Pino, J.Va. RINOGONESA, sh. Cressan, akapa mutero kune iyo lush Bronze, porcelain, squenic decor. Fenicha yeReturular Zvimiro Zvinosimuka Inosiya Makamuri Ekumberi, basa guru rinotamba nechiedza, zvine mwero legant wave silhouettes uye mitsara.
Maitiro ekutungamira ari mumidziyo yacho anonyanya kuratidzwa mumabasa aCharles Cressean (1686-1768). Cressean fenicha musangano waive nemukurumbira wemugadziri wemashiripiti uye mapoinzi akasiyana-siyana. Frencheryurery fenicha vashandi vane mukurumbira vakakwana vakabatwa nehuni dzinokosha vachishandisa matombo akadai saAmaranth, pink uye pink uye violet muti. Ceresan ficha yakanga yakafukidzwa zvikuru nekukwira mangozi yendarira yezvirimwa, mashizha, mavara. Aya ekushongedza akafukidza mabandi emadhirowa emadhirowa, makumbo nemakungu. Sketches yemabhiraki emabhiriyoni akaitwa chero fanicha masters ivo pachavo, kana zvemukati machira.
Muchikamu chechipiri cheiyo Xvieiiv, rococo chimiro chakatove chakaumbwa. Kuonekwa kwayo uye kukura kwacho kunosanganiswa nezita reZH.O. Missonia- sculptor uye mugadziri wezvipinduri uye munyori wezvishongo zvakawanda. Golden Age Rocco Coincides neBhodi reLouisv (1723-1774), uye netsika, chimiro ichi chinonzi chimiro cheLouisxv.
Girled ichiverengera muchimiro chehembe uye cartridges, gadziriro yechikepe chezvishongo zvinoperekedzwa neRococo marobhoti ane maruva nemaruva. Asseredine XVIIIVEK (anenge 1750) mune yekushongedza pane hunhu hwakaoma hwezvishongo zvezvishongedzo zvezvishongo, izvo zvakapa zita kune zvese chimiro. MuFrance, maitiro aya anonzi "rokuri" (chinoreka. Rocille-kupedzisa nezvidimbu zvebwe uye kunyura). MuPotsdam, iyo Kurfürste Saxony Friedrich inovaka iyo inoda imba inoyevedza yeSan Sust, uko iyo yakaisvonaka uye inofara "inofara" Fricoco Friedrich "inowedzera.
Zvese zviri muRococo zvaive zvidiki, zvakanakisa, nyasha. Zvishoma nezvishoma, chido chegwenzi renyama uye dzinotsemuka dzinopera uye dzinotsiviwa neyekunamatira kune zvinyoro nyoro toni, kujekesa kupenda, kuchena uye chena. Chiratidzo chekuravira kwehunyanzvi mumidziyo yekushongedza yaive yekushongedza kubva kuSevra Porcelain, miniature, pendi pagirazi, mairivisheni. Zvese izvi, zvakatorwa pamwe chete, une zita rekuti "Louisvi Style" chimiro.
Mazuva ano, Louis Xvi Xvi maitiro anowanzo kubudiswa nemakambani eItaly Colcigo uye Silik mune nhevedzano yedzimba dzekugara, Canteens uye misoro yekurara. Zviripachena, kuita mukati meMweya weimwe yeLouisovikov, Iyo yekushongedza isingaiti inogadzira mamiriro emutambo uye postmodjk quotation. Iyo yemukati ye postmoderism inosanganiswa neyemukati yeRococo uye mamiriro ekufunga kwekufunga. Rococo chimiro chakanangana, capricane, zvine mwero zvisiri-zvinoshanda - zvakanyanya kushamisika, asi kwete kusvika padanho rakadai rekunyaradza nyaradzo.
Kupedzwa kwemhando muFrance kunosanganiswa nezita renzvimbo dzevachena vatenzi vaAbhurahama naDavid X-ray rakapa fenicha kune ese mayadhi eEuropean. Iyo nyanzvi yeDavid Xentgen yaive iyo yekugadzira fenicha ine muchivande maitiro uye maratidziro ekushongedza. Sampuli yakanaka kwazvo yakagadzirwa neyakajeka huni neiyo manyorerwo denderedzwa yakanzi "X-ray maitiro".
MuEngland, Thomas Chippendile (1718-1779) Zvakawandisa zvekusimudzira kwechimiro. Zita rake rainyanya kuzivikanwa mushure mekusunungurwa kwebhuku racho "Director" ("mutungamiriri wejini uye kabhini, iro raisanganisira mapurogiramu 160 akanyorwa. Chippivale akawana mukurumbira mukuru uye seyekurumidzira uyo anokwira musangano wekugadzira fenicha. Iyo kambani yakanga iine chete nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemunhu, asiwo nesarudzo yemukati seyakazara. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe nzvimbo, musangano weChippendile, zvese, kusvika kumikova nyundo, yakagadzirwa pachirongwa uye kutariswa kwemusoro wekambani. Chippendale iye akateedzera basa rebasa uye akatarisira kuwanikwa kwekushongedza kwekushongedza - Magirazi, maawa, tapnets ... tappets ... chippitiki aivapo anopfuura hafu yezana ramakore. Pfungwa dzekusika dzekusika dzemuridzi wake dzinopedzwa French uye Chinese Motifs uye panguva imwe chete yakafuridzirwa neChirungu Gothic.
Chimiro chechipendale chakasarudzika kubva kuFrench Rococo uye iyo fenicha inoenderana nayo. Iye zvino tinogona kutaura kuti sezvo Chippendale oshongedza ane prommod yakapindirana chiratidzo, nekushinga kusanganisa mune yakagadzirwa rockey uye gothic zvinhu. Zvese zvigadzirwa zveMaestro waunofarira mahagony (mutsvuku muti). Kekutanga kuEngland, muti mutsvuku wakaunzwa kuita fenicha kugadzirwa muna 1720. Chitarisiko chake chakabatana nekuvandudzwa kwekutengesa kwemaloni. Kutenda neruvara rwayo, kudzika kwenzira, hupfumi, hwakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira.
Chipendale Yakagadzirwa Special Kuverenga matafura, matafura ekupeta kwematafura ekudya kwemangwanani, ekutanga masiraidhi. Akaita macheya mumasampula eChinese, aine makumbo akareruka, asi mukushongedza kwemashure uye akakomberedzwa nenzira yekuvhiringidza mbabvu, tambo, mavara uye mashizha - akapa fungidziro. Izvo zvinhu zvemhando dzakakotama zvine chikamu chakakura chepamberi chaive nemakumbo ane mitsipa yemitsara, inomanikidza bhora. Dzimwe nguva magirazi egondo akatsiviwa neshumba paw. Wangly ainyanya kunyanya kufadza Chinese art. Mibhedha yaiwanzove nemabhiza mune fomu yeChinese pagoda. Nzvimbo inokudzwa muhofisi yaibata mhando dzakasiyana dzekunyora dzematafura uye hombe dzekunze maawa. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvakagadzira chiRungu chemukati mukurumbira kune yakasimba uye mumwe nemumwe akangwara.
Musangano
Isu tichaedza kubereka maitiro emamiriro epamberi pekugara mumhando yeiyo rococo - iyo inonyanya kugadzirwa panguva ino. Chekutanga pane zvese, isu tichatsanangura mhando yenzvimbo.Dzimba dzakatarisana nemakamuri echimbuzi (vadikani uye makemja munzvimbo yekutanga), Baora, imba yekurara, makamuri ekushanda, maraibhurari anodzimba uye vashandi vevaranda.
Kufungidzira kwedu kushongedza zvine musoro kuti utange rockey kwete kubva kumamiriro emukati, asi pakarepo kubva fenicha yayo. Rococo chimiro chinotamba, chiedza, kunyange carnival, saka uchikubvumidza kuti usarudze marongero emahara ezvivakwa.
Zvinotonyanya kukosha mune ino kesi, dambudziko rekusangana kwezvinhu nezvinhu. Pfungwa yeiyo yemukati seyenzi yakasindimara yakatangira muRococo Era. Vagadziri mumapurojekiti avo vakatsvaga kuzadzisa kubatana kwakazara kwezvikamu zvese zvekamuri: Zvishongedzo nezvishongo zvemadziro, zvimisheni, maficha, mavara emachira uye anokara midziyo.
Saka ngatitangei neimba yekutandarira
Muimba yekutandarira yakamira patafura yakaisa tafura yemitambo, kazhinji inopeta. Kune akasiyana matangi, zvidiki zveGueridon (Gueridon) akashandiswa. Vese vaive mafomu akasiyana, asi aive nemutsara mumwe chete: Kuumbwa kwefurafura kwakagadziriswa seyakajeka kushongedzwa. Izvi zvakafarikanywa zvakasiyana-siyana zvishongo zvendarira, izvo zvakaiswa munzvimbo dzemakumbo anosimbisa, kuna mambo. Iyo yekuzvishongedza yekunyora inguva ino nenguva ino yakazotadza zvachose iyo yekugadzira fomu yebaroti yebaroti console.
Fenicha yekugara, kureva nhema uye "McEGEGE" zvishoma nezvishoma anogadzikana uye akasiyana. KDivan neyevhariro, Berger "(Bergere), akawedzerwa kuhungamo anotarira mumhando dzinoverengeka," turquoise "akadaidzwa kuti madziro asina kujeka mumakumbo ake, uye anowedzerwa madziro akapfava-" VEYISE "( Veilleuse). USOFA yaive s-yakavezwa yakakombama side stal side wall, ivo vakaitwa kuburikidza neKana. Izvo zvinonzi marwere akaonekwa, icho chaive hafu-ine moyo ine madziro akavezwa madziro emadziro. Marquis yakayeuchidza Ottoman, asi madziro ekupedzisira emadziro aive semi-kutenderera.
Midziyo yakakwidziridzwa kazhinji yaiwanzoitika mumadziro, kana mapoka akanaka anoyevedza pakati peimba yekutandarira. Izvo zvakakodzera kuteerera izvi, nekuti kuiswa kweFenicha neZviratidzo "Islands" vakapindurwa zvakanyatso shongedza mabasa.
Chests uye makabati pamwe chete nekutanga kwaRococo zvakadzingwa kwete chete kubva kumakamuri ekugara, asiwo kubva kumubatiro uye zvakachengetedzwa chete muimba dzehondo. Kuvapo kweanoratidzira kune zvakasikwa zvinangwa zvakasarudzika zvakashandisa chipfuva chemadhirowa (chingiramu. Commode- Firmed), kazhinji nevaviri vangiya Vay. Fomu rakachinja. Kutanga, iyo sahma yakagadzirwa neWarvy, ine symmetrically inowanikwa mhanza yebronze; Iyo yepazasi yakachekwa muchimiro che semicircle. Kutsvaga kweiyo contours uye profiles yemupfekeri ari kuwedzera kuoma, uye zvipindiripiko uye zvishongo zvendarira zviri kuwedzera kusuruvara, iri munzvimbo yese yemadhirowa.
Yedu diki yerudzi rweLoudoir haina kusiyanisa zvakasiyana kupfuura imba yekutandarira, asi kwete zvishoma yekupedzisira. Vkuduar inonyatsodiwa patafura yechimbuzi, tafura de chimbuzi, gare gare yakanzi poudruse (Podona). Nhunzi uye zvinhu zvisina chinhu zvinoda nzvimbo yakakodzera! Pompadour maitiro mumamiriro ezvinhu anoratidza ese akanakisa, anotamba, akashongedzwa zvikuru. Isu tichada zvakare yakasarudzika ladust ladium bureau kana chakavanzika mumakumbo akakwira akapfeka nebhodhi rekupeta rekuputika uye huwandu hwezvakavanzika madhipatimendi. "Yakatonyanya" kufambira mberi "mashandiro ezvekunyika avewo makadhibhodhi makabhokisi (makabati emapepa emapepa).
Kusiyana neminiature miniature midziyo 'yebhizinesi fanicha, iyo tafura-bureau muhofisi yekushanda yeiyo host inofanira kunge yakakura uye yakakura. Yakanga yakagadzirwa kubva kuRooduwood kana violet muti. Iyo yekushongedza yakapihwa kusarudza kubva kune bureau plat flat chimiro kana cylindrical bureau ine lid-bofu.
Mumba yekurara, hukakura hwaro huchiri hukuru, iro zuva rose rine rugare uye rune moyo. Its fies inogadzira yekuzvishongedza kududzira mbiri zvishongo, bizarre uye capricious. Mazita emubhedha anowanikwa zvinoenderana nehunhu hweBalakhin seyakanyanya kukosha yekushongedza chinhu. Saka zvakabuda mibhedha neye-alohinoise, alafurrancaise, Al'anglaise, Al'IRitaenne.
Pakati pe rockey yemukati, kunyangwe yayo kusanzwisisika kwayo, iyo moto inosara. Chete zvino zvakaderera, zvakashongedzwa zvine zvaunoshamisa zororo renyasha. Pamusoro penzvimbo yemoto, kushongedza zvirokwazvo kunoisa girazi.
For marquetry muRococo Firce Fenicha, mitambo yehuni inodhura inoshandiswa: mutsvuku uye pink matsvuku, ne rose, muti wemuchindwe, mandimu, mapapu, maple, nati, nezvimwewo Vagadziri veFrance fents havawanzo kutaurwa kune ruvara rwekunze uye huni rinopfuta, kutanga kusarudza iyo yaunoda maitiro.
Kufarira hunyanzvi hwekumabvazuva kwakazviratidza kwete chete mukugadzirisa zvemukati, asiwo mukududzira kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefudzi. Masters maFrench anoshandisa zvinhu zveChinese mumabasa avo: Semuyenzaniso porcelain maves ari pasi pebronze, uye mabhodhi eChinese ane lacquer anoisa midziyo itsva. Exotic inonaka Rodoco yakakanganisa kukurumbira kwakakura kweiyo varnish fenicha. Iyo French inova iyo huru inopinza uye simulators yeJapan uye Chinese varnish. Hupfumi hwekushongedza hwe "Shinoazri" ("Chinese") Vakawanda ngano - kubva kune yakasarudzika stylitarders, "orientalists" kune vane tsika dzepfungwa dzePop Art - shandisa kusvika nhasi.
Accessories uye decorative merts
Magirazi, wachi, China. Iyo yekutamba uye yakapararira natural Rococo inongorida iwe seDhonga kuzadza iyo yemukati neyekuita-inoshanda mashandiro, zvakashongedzwa uye zvakaoma hupenyu. Rococo, kusiyana nePompous Baroque, kwete nyore kukwana mumberi dzimba dzemberi, asi mune zvidiki zvepedyo. Magirazi mazhinji aive nehunyanzvi uye akagovanisa zvikuru vhoriyamu yavo. Muti wakasviba wakasviba unonyangarika, uye magirazi akafukidzwa nemazwi, mukombe, anonyura. Magirazi anotumwa mumadziro emadziro, akaomarara netafura nyaradzo. Magirazi emoto dzimwe nguva anoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri. Fallowd pamirioni muchimiro che "Shamazri" Europe yakashongedzwa navo kubva kumoto kune cosmetic mabhokisi. Vese vagadziri uye vekushongedza vanogadzira zvirongwa zvekuratidzira nevashongedzo - madhigariro emagirazi anodzika mugravy. Shongedza Pinot, Maissonier inosanganisirwa mumidziyo yakagadzirwa navo zvakare inotarisa ichiridza basa rekuwedzera kwechipfuva, matafura, girazi rirungu.Mhinduro dzeruvara dzinofanira kunge dzakagadzira fungidziro yechiedza, Festivity. Shongwe dzinoda kusanganisa kwerudzi chena uye bhuruu, chena uye chena girini kana pink, ndiko kuti, iyo yese pastel range, hukama hwakawanda kwazvo hwehunhu. Inosungirwa ndeye yemukati yemhando yeiyo rocker-ine mwero gildering. Iyo inodhura zvakanyanya kubereka kwehuni, marble, ndarira, goridhe, silika, tapestry inoshandisa iyo yekushongedza inodhura yemaripi. Izvi zvinogadzirwa zvinoenda kuKurukwa kwemadziro uye mapaneru ekushongedza. Kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope kwakauya fashoni papepa remapepa. Madziro, akapendwa nepepa, kazhinji kazhinji dzaipendwa masters anozivikanwa.
Kusiyana pane iyo musoro "pompadour" mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano kubudiswa nyore, nekuti iyo yekushongedza kwese kwaRococo yakaiswa muzvikamu zvitatu:
1) ruvara rwekamuri,
2) fenicha yemhando dzenhoroondo,
3) Stylish accessories.
Zvishandiso muMweya Rococo zvinogona kutengwa muzvitoro uye maSalors zvishoma nezvishoma, achipinda nekuravira kweiyo nguva yemigura, flitirty nhunzi uye yakashata. Kuwedzera kumabasa echokwadi, kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kuwanikwa nemutengo weiyo inonzi "yechipiri Rococo" (kumuka mumakumi matanhatu exixverek) uye zvazvino replicas. Fashoni misiyano kubva kune inodhura zvinhu pane iyo nyaya yenhoroondo yenhoroondo (inters uye rocogo) inogadzira grilly, silcigo, clduago, Elldauca, (Italy), Techinova, Skuller (SPAIN). Izvo zvakare zvakanyanyisa kukosha - kana uchigadzira shanduro yemazuva ano yeiyo Rodoco Mr. Shongedza uye mugadziri anogona kusarudza mumwechete musoro wenyaya: Kupenda, pendi pane fenicha kana china.
PhrateBook Mr. Dhizaina
Bandellevk - Orment kubva kune matepi akarukwa.
Muganho - Iyo pamucheto wejira, kapeti, tapeti ine yakazvimirira yakazvimirira chishongo, iyo inovhara panguva imwe chete neiyo nhamba huru.
Drapery - mucheka, chidzitiro, kuburuka nemapepa ekushongedza.
Knorle - Chishongo cheDutch mavambo, izvo zvinosangana zvakanyanya mune tambo. Iro zita rakabatanidzwa nechimiro chechishongo chakaumbwa ne "yakazvimba" mhumhi dzakafanana nemaoko.
Lambrequin - Chivako chepakutanga nemicheto nemicheka, zvakakombama semitauro. Gare gare - iyo nzira yekukomba iyo mucheka ine yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka. Iyo fiber rococo yakashandiswawo seyishongedzo yekushongedza mukugadzira, pendi, yakashandiswa art.
Nastinnik - Lamp ane wavy brackets; Yakaiswa pamadziro, rusvingo yakatarisana kana yega fenicha zvinhu.
Penel - Kumiswa kwekumisikidzwa muchimiro chemadonhwe mumarambi uye chandeliers, kunyanya fashoni mu rococo ara.
Rocil - decorative rococo vavariro. Icho chishongo cheasmmetric chishandiso muchimiro chekunyura.
Rollver - Orishental Motif yemababvu akabatanidzwa.
Festoon - Chishongo chishambadzi muchimiro chemabhadharo kubva pamaruva nemashizha, zvakatumirwa kumabvu.
Tsarga - chimiro chematafura uye zvigaro.
Zvinhu zvekupfura zvinopihwa ne colombostile uye iyo yese-Russian museum ye yekushongedza uye vanhu vechivanhu.