Chii chinonzi baroque yeRussia uye izvo zvinosiyana kubva kuEuropean. Biography of the System, hunhu hwemafambiro mahombe, mashopu.
Makumi matatu emakore pakati peRussian Chando Kutumbuka Goridhe Curls, ayo baroque fungidziro yakawandisa mitezo yakasiyana, kubva kuimba yamambo yeimba, kubva muimba yekunhuwira yeiyo "Paradhiso
Chimiro chitarisiko muRussia
Baroque maitiro akanyatso kujaira kwete chete kumadokero kweEurope, asiwo muvhu reRussia. Yakaburitswa mumuti uye dombo, chave chiratidzo cheumbozha uye pomp, rimpan uye kunyanyisa.Symphony yeiyo baroque yakawanda (kana kuti zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvayo) zvinonzwika mumapato edu kwemazana emakore matatu. Uyezve, zvidimbu zvehunhu zvinogona kuzviratidza pamazinga ese ezvekuita masitepisi uye pamatanho ese ekuravira - uye mumizinda yehuuya, uye mune huts. Saka, iyo Souven's Khikhloma ine mavara egoridhe uye yebhuruu Gzhel yaive, kutaura zvazviri, sarudzo dzekutevedzera kwakakurumbira kweiyo "Palace", asi zvinhu zvakachipa. Maruva anopenya pamisoro yehupombwe uye sweaters akabatawo rakarerutswa, asi nzwisiso yakakurumbira yeBaroque. Saka, chii chinonzi baroque yeRussia uye chakasiyana sei kubva, chiti, Italian? Kutanga, ichiri mwenje unoratidzwa ye "kure kure Europe Star" yeiyo yekutanga sosi, mufaro unonakidza kune imwe nzvimbo yakanaka uye yakabudirira. Uyezve, kakawanda kudzoreredza European sampu yakachinja zvakanyanya zvekuti inguva yekutaura nezve yekutanga uye yakazvimirira phenomenon yeRussian Baroque.
Sezvatambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mamiriro ekunze eBaroque mukunzwisisa kwake kwenyika aive asinganzwisisike, kutanga neSxviiyk, ese matanda enharaunda - kubva kune aristocracy kune varimi. General kune akasiyana maitiro ekuratidzira aive, chekutanga, kunzwa kwefomu, kechipiri, mapurasitiki ekushongedza uye, wechitatu, kunzwa kwemavara. Pamazinga ese, pakanga paine zvinhu zvitatu zvekutaura zvakanaka: Asymmetry, kusiyanisa, kubva kune nyanzvi dzakakura, dzimba dzenyika. Kushongedza kwemukati kwedzimba: kusiyanisa, kusiyanisa, kusiyanisa mhoriyamu. Kwese uye mune fenicha, uye mukushongedza kwemukati, tinoona huwandu hwakawanda hwekushongedza, rinoyerera uye panguva imwe chete nenguva yekushongedza maumbirwo, mitsara yepurasitiki. Zvine musoro kukosha kwemhando yemukati yemhando yekupenya kwerudzi rwevara. Asymmetric Dailyments of the decor kana zvinhu zvemberi zvakashandiswa kuendesa traffic.
Iyo Russian Baroque Mugumo weiyo Xviii uye yekutanga Xviii uye yekutanga hombe yeEuropean maitiro, nyore uye nenzira yakajeka kuita tsika yedu yenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, yaive nguva yeiyo yekutanga-chiyero yekupinda kwetsika yeEurope muupenyu hweRussia.
Biography maitiro
Kuti uzive kujairana neRussia baroque zvine musoro kuti ugovanise muzvitatu mafambiro.
Poshi. "Church" baroque.
2. Iyo "Palace" Baroque ndiyo inopenya uye yakajairika.
3. "Elementary", "vanhu", baroque, zvazvino.
"Church" Baroque
Zvinangwa zvake zvakaonekwa mukushongedza kwemakereke eRussia achiri muXVIVEK, uye akabva adzikira pakuvaka kwenyika uye kugadzirwa. Baresshin ane mukurumbira Baroque aive akajeka, anopenya, juzi reruvara uye ari mupenyu mumitsetse neplastiki. Pamwe unogona kudaidza kuti tarisiro. Kubatana kweNaryshkin Baroque neDhivha Tsika inotaura nezve midzi yake ye "Russia".Mukuvaka uye kumanikidzwa kwemakumbo eRussia eXVIIV, iyo yekubata Russian Russian Contiervity yakakanganisa chokwadi chekuti vanyori venhoroondo vanoshevedza pesvedzero. Panzvimbo pemaDomes, zvido zvinopihwa kune legant yekuzvishongedza mapundu kana makasara, panzvimbo pezvirongwa zviri nyore kana curly pendi-fananidzo zvishongo, maruva uye "gwenzi". Muenzaniso wehunhu hwembambo yekutanga Moscow inogona kushanda seiyo yakakurumbira bheru shongwe yeiyo Mensshikova Tower. Kune kuwanda kwekushongedza, kunyange izvo zvinonzi, "nemhenderekedzo" uye negoridhe, uye ruvara rutsvuku rwezvivakwa zvakawanda. Kamwe bhero bhero raive yekupedzisira fashoni yemafashoni, rudzi rweMoscow Skyscraper, uye kunyangwe dick yemakungwa mupfungwa yemidziyo yekuvaka uye chitarisiko.
Zvivakwa zvekutanga zveBaroque muRussia zvakavezwa mune zvitsvuku kana bhuruu, nekudaro zvichiratidzawo pakati pevamwe, kwete zvivakwa zvino baroque. Mukati memakereke, aichimbova ane mwero, achiratidza maWorld world, kwaive nemafungiro echitendero, kunyanya yakavezwa iconostasis makoramu akakombama, aine zvishongo zvemaruva, maruva, maruva, garanzi. Iyo iconostasis yaiita kunge ichishandurwa kuchikamu chezvirongwa zveParadhiso uye zvakawanda, zvichimisa musiyano unoshamisa wezvematema clinks anonyura. Wakatopera pakupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemasere, dzakatanhamara uye kuvezi yeIconostasis, mapuratifomu, maPlatforms, majekiti uye magedhi eumambo akatanga kusangana mumakereke. Iyo "Gingerbread" kutaridzika kweRussia "chechi" Baroque zviri nyore uye zvakasarudzika zvakasanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuzvivakwa. Gare gare muSt. Petersburg, kereke inowana kutaridzika kweEurope.
"Palace" Baroque, kana kuti "imba yamambo"
Pakupera kwezana raXviar muVanoona, kekutanga, kupatsanurana kwenzvimbo yekugara pamabasa - pane zvivakwa, mairi avete, gamuchira vaeni. Nguva yaPetra isati yasvika, kunyange muKremlin yakanga isiri, uti, kuchikafu kana zviumbwa. Kana zvichidikanwa, matafura ezororo akaiswa mune zviyo kana chombo charadhi. Machinda makuru uye asiri ekutengeswa uye mhiri kwemamirimiriri, kunyange muchaunga, kunyangwe moncowds morcoins pamapfuro nepigopo, vanofukidza makava kubva kuchitonhora. Kuparadzaniswa kweimba kwatinotaura, sezvatinotaura zvino, nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzakaitika mumisimboti miviri: nzvimbo dzaIshe nenzvimbo dzevaranda; pane vakadzi uye hafu yemukati. Vagari vemutungamiriri muBoinar temer vakavakirwa mune zvakawanda mararamiro nemitemo inozivikanwa nemapuranga emapuranga. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzakaderera uye gonhi repasi pemaruva akanyorwa nemafungiro ekuponesa kupisa. Kuburikidza nedzimba dzoushe, mumukomana uye dzimba dzakanaka, tsika yemidziyo yakadzvanywa yakachengeta tsika yemidziyo yakamiswa. Saka shanduro inodhura-sangano remukati, ichangobva kusanganiswa mukupera kweXXvere, yaizivikanwa nemadzitateguru edu mazana matatu apfuura uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya.
Kekutanga pakutanga kweiyo Xviiiv, vaivako vanotanga kugadzira dhizaini yemukati yechivako panguva imwe chete neyekunze, kusimbisa hukama hwekunze uye hwemukati, kuenderana nepfungwa dzekureruka uye runako .
MunaPeter, yekutanga, ine mwero madiki vhezheni yeNational Baroque yakazvarwa muRussia. Aive pedyo panguva imwe chete kune vanhu vechimiro chemaitiro, uye kuNorth European (constlic, Dutch). Kuda kworudo rwaPetro kunozivikanwa kuvaGerman, uye ivo vakasiyana neFrance neItaly kungozvidzora kwekugadzirwa kwehupenyu. Imba yaPetra muKolomenskoye ndeyekuti huni hwevanhu vane madziro emvura uye madiki madiki. Kukurukurirana nezvimiro zvechimiro kwakazviratidza mumidziyo yekushongedza uye ngatitii mumhepo yakapendwa uye ichishongedza mubhedha. Zvingoshandu zvinoshandiswa kusarudzika kwakakurumbira uye zvisakarukwa zvisimbiso.
Asingaenzaniswi fashoni uye chekutanga, imwe yemagariro edzidzo petra-Palace montplasir muPetterf. Iyo imba yamambo yakagadzirwa uye yakavakirwa neyekugadzira brantstein muDutch maitiro. Masvingo akashongedzwa neOak panels, anodudzira canvas yeDutch uye Flemish artists, yakarukwa pendi. Makamuri, mudzimu wenguva, akashongedzwa muchimiro che "Shinoazri" - akapendwa neminatures paChinese misoro uye akafukidzwa nehasha. Iyo yakachena baroque motif yaive musanganiswa weiyo dema lacquer ine yakajeka denderedzwa denderedzwa uye rakajeka tsvuku matrimu. Iyo inonzi inonzi barmer zvigaro, yakapfava uye yakadzika, inoita kunge inogara.
Elizabethan Baroque inogona kunzi yakakwirira kwazvo mamiriro ekuRussia. Sokunge kuti zuva rakajeka redare rakakwira pamusoro peminda ine hutsinye-yakafukidzwa nemusango dzenyika dzenyika. Mufananidzo we "parundo rwegoridhe" hwakaiswa mukuvakwa kweKatherine Pateent mumusha weMambo, anonzi Mukadzi waPeter Empress Catherine. Nekuti kuitwa kwechirongwa, iro guru rostrelli vakakokwa. Ndiwo aive rudzi rwepamusoro pe "Palace" chimiro. Dzimba dzekugadzirira huwandu hwekukura hwakasvika ku "Misa" Mune mamwe mazwi, kuparadzwa kwekupedzisira kwendege kwacho kwakaitwa, kushongedzwa kwacho kwakazozvikoshesa.
Gilding yagara ichisvika padhuze nepasi redu reruvara. Chaizvoizvo, ruvara rwegoridhe rudiwa nemadzitateguru edu rwakanga rusiri ruvara, asi chiratidzo chevamwe "chakaratidza", paradhiso "yechiedza. Iwo mwenje, uye kwete ruvara rwacho kuti uone murume ane ruzha rwegoridhe-akaputika iconostasis, "Goridhe" chiratidzo uye nguo dzemhandara. Zvakare, yaive mufananidzo we "goridhe" akaendeswa kumuzinda kuzorora kweMashress Erizabheti.
Iyo nzvimbo yakamutsidzirwa nekuda kwemweya wemitsetse, ivo zvino vakave mhepo zhinji, vakabikwa. Parade dzimba dzinoitirwa mabhora uye "mashkeraddov" akaitwa, zvisinei, nekuregererwa kuri pachena kwe "mamiriro enzvimbo yenyika." Yakakura kwazvo, mazana mashoma emamita mamirimita metres, aine yakakwirira ceils uye windows yakakura, ivo havana kumboroora zvakakwana uye nguva dzose vakaremara madhiri ane hutsinye. Iyo nzvimbo yemukati yeiyo Frontar Baroque Hall yaive kuitira kushongedza kupfuura inoshanda. Gara mairi hazvina kusiyana mukunyaradza kukuru. Kana iwe uchirangarira nhetembo dzinotyisa dzekuverenga A. Tolstoy, "merry mambokadzi aive Elisteves. Kuimba uye nekunakidzwa, hapana kurongeka kwazvino!" Kurongeka uye chokwadi hachina kuwandisa. Iti, iyo fenicha mhirizhonga mukunzwisisa kwemazuva ano yaisapo, mukamuri imwecheteyo kwaive zvinhu zvakasiyana zvemamiriro ezvinhu, matafura akasarudzika nemacheya. Zviridzwa zvakagadzirwa chete kumidziyo yekugara, apo mabanda nemacheya akati wandei zvakaverengerwa. Armchair muguva yaElizabethan Baroque yakafara, ine zvigaro zve trapezoidal chimiro, yakakodzera kwazvo kune yakanyanya kuseri kwemamita ekumberi neFithma.
Unyanzvi hwekushongedza kwefenicha dzaisanganisira kugara pamusoro peRuvakas, tambo dzekuyamura, plywood, kupenda nehurongwa hwekufunga. Kunyungudza kwemidziyo yaiwanzoshandiswawo nehunyanzvi hwakanatswa hwekupinza shanduko yeiyo inopenya uye yakasviba nzvimbo yemifananidzo uye kumashure kweiyo dhizaini.
Makamuri ekugara anogara akachengetedzwa zvakanyanya zvakasiyana. Pano paakaonekwa zvakanaka, zvisingazivikanwe zvinhu zvekuzorora: matafura eGerdion (anomira emagetsi anokweretesa); Matafura - "Bobbs" uyo akagamuchira zita ravo nekutenda kuTapitafa muchimiro cheBob; Matafura ematafura ekushayiwa; Vakakurumbira uye vakanzwisisika matafura emuchato akagadzirirwa kutamba makadhi. Kuumba nechivimbo kwaisanganisira fenicha ye lacquer. Wavy mitsara uye makumbo akakotama akasungirirwa kune chinyorwa kutaura uye panguva imwe chete mumvuri wevamwe vevamwe. Yakaradzikwa mumamiriro eguva, saka Mutambo Woda, mabhora uye ma fireworks
.Imwe nzira kana imwe chaiyo, iyo nzvimbo chaiyo yakatendeudzira kuedza kwevakachengetedzeka kuita Ficish Gardence Gardens uye mythical mapaki, mavaishayirwa Flky nymphs uye mwarikadzi. Kana, munguva yaBaba vakuru, Erizabheti Petruthna mumadziro, taptesty tishu, tiplissy tishu akakunda, asingazivikanwe mifananidzo ye "inodzidzisa mifananidzo yechiGiriki yechiGiriki".
"Vanhu" Baroque
Kune rimwe divi, isu tichaenda nazvo kune ichi chiitiko chishuwo chisina tsanangudzo chekutsveneswa, izvo zvinoratidzwa mukuwanda kwenzvimbo dzakanaka uye tambo dzakasiyana siyana mumapuranga emapuranga. Zvese zvakatsanangurwa zvakareruka: Munhu anoda zororo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Iri zororo rezuva nezuva rinoda iyo baroque maitiro anonyanya kutungamira. Imwe bato re "vanhu" baroque raive zvisina mwetswa muupenyu hwevarombo uye nehupenyu hwehutengesi hwekuratidzwa kwezambiringa.Baroque mune zvakajairwa vanhu kuona chaive chiratidzo chebudiriro yepamusoro. Anenge munhu wese, aigona kuwanza kushaya simba uye kutsvaga chirevo chake chekuona, akatsvaga naKtaka aesthetics. Baroque inotipa chaiyo yakanakira pfuma mifananidzo uye inonyanya kufanana kwavari. Kubva pano zviratidzo zverudo zverudo zvebudiriro uye zvakawanda zvekuita. Murals, zvishongo, kushongedzwa kwekushongedza kuri kurova huwandu hwemaruva uye nemichero yehukuru, iyo muRussia, zvinomera, kuita muparadhiso "muparadhiso uye kwete Maapuro uye Replica muParadhiso!
Mufananidzo weupfumi hupfumi hwakareruka uye panguva imwe chete inoonekwa zvakanyanya mune zvinoshongedza zvishongo uye zvinoshandisa muripo wezvematongerwo enyika. Turakiti renyika yeNyika isingashamisi, kunyatsotsanangurwa uye nekuzivikanwa kweBaroque munguva dzazvino, apo, mushure mekunge nguva yekureba kwezvinhu zvinodhura zvaisazoita. Chinhu chakafanana chakafanana chakaonekwa pasi pekuchinja kwepfuti. Zvadaro, mushure mekuparadzaniswa kwehukama, Russia yakapindawo mukutsvuka kwetsika yeEurope yeEurope yekutanga kweXviiiv.
Dhizaini yemazuva ano yemazuva ano inonyanya kufarirwa "imba yamambo" "vanhu". Kunyangwe iyo ichangobva kuitika soviet fashoni yekushongedza kwemisangano yemadhorobha ine nhoroondo yehupenyu hwe pseudochetian hwakasarudzwa mune zvaunofarira. Njere dzemakore makumi matanhatu neshanu dzakasarudza marapirwo aro emadhorobha kwete madhiri uye curros, uye zvifananidzo zvakanyatsojeka uye pamwe, kunyange kubva kuvanhu, asi kubva kuhupenyu hwechechi. Iyo manege mraba nemhuka dzayo vane hutsinye uye kushongedzwa kukuru uye chifananidzo kuPetrui kuenda kuZurab Tsereteli hachisi chinhu chinopfuura baroque, asi mune yayo vhezheni.
Musangano
Kuti uwane chidzidzo chanhasi chinoshanda, iwe uchasarudza nzira dzinotevera dzekushongedza dzakakodzera "kumisikidza" mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano:
asi) S-yakavezwa mutsara
in) curls
kubva) Ngoro,
d) Garandi.
Basa redu rekushongedza, vanonzwa, vanonzwa maitiro mukati. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unogona kutora chero chidimbu chechishongo cheBarque pendi uye ubudirire mumba mako. Nekudaro, chinangwa chatinoteverwa hachisi chekugadzira baroque mukati mekuchena kwese, uye kusikwa kwemamiriro ekunze, kudzora mwero wekuvapo kwemhando iyi muhupenyu hwazvino muhupenyu hwehupenyu hwomweya.
Imwe yemabasa makuru sekushongedza ichave iyo inonzi kuparadzwa kwendege. Baroque haaiti zvishoma. Rangarira kuti iyo, musiyano, ngatiti, kubva pamazuva ano kana miviri, hazvidi zvizere kuzviisa pasi pehurongwa hwakazara. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zviviri-zviviri zvinoratidzira zvakaringana kugadzira iyo Baroque mamiriro.
Nhanho yekutanga munzira yekushongedza - mastering iyo huru yepurasitiki motifs yemhando. Kubatanidza zvinhu zviri nyore - mitsara yeS-yakagadzirirwa, garandi, carls, curls, iwe unogona kuzadzisa zvese zvinokonzerwa neBaroque puffs. Ivo vari nyore uye vanonzwika panguva imwe chete.
Sarudza yakakodzera nzvimbo yekupenda. Iyo yakachengetedzeka zvakanyanya maererano nekupinda kweiyo yakasimbiswa yemukati ichagadzira dhizaini diki pamusoro pemusuwo. Kutanga, semazuva ese, gadzira sketch mupenzura, wobva wadzokorora muvara. Yatove panguva ino, inodikanwa kuti iite kuti chidimbu chemhando yeruvara rwevaraidzo uye chakaenzana chakakodzera pane chako chisiri baroque yemukati. Ipapo isu tinotakura kadhibhodi, wedzera iyo sketches kune chaiyo saizi yeramangwana pendi. Kadhibhodi yakatsemuka kuita masero. Ikozvino madziro anogona kuiswa kumadziro. Ipapo chidimbu chemadziro chakaputswa mumasero, chauri kuenda kupenda. Masero anosanganisira zvinotevera: Tsamba dzakasimba, dzakatwasuka manhamba. Chinjana baroque yako curls, cartigs uye ormushly pamadziro kumasero. Iyo pendi iri nani kuita mari-nhanho pendi, iyo isingatyi zvinogoneka mukuomesa kuvhara nehurema. Tekinoroji yakadaro inoita kuti maitiro adzorere- kana chimwe chinhu chisina kuida, iyo nzvimbo inogona kupendwa uye yakadzokororwa zvese. Iyo mvura-emulsion paint inokubvumira kuti ugadzirise zvidimbu zvemunhu, uye pendi rese iri zvachose.
Mufananidzo wehuwandu hwevanhu huchabvunza kumwe kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi. Kana iwe usina chokwadi nezvehunyanzvi hwako, ganhura gariti, maruva, mavheti. Iyo pendi paWallpaper iri nani kudzivirira, nekuti pendi inogona kuidhonza uye kutungamira mukudziya kusingafadzi. Baroque curly maumbirwo anoyerera, yakatsvedza, isina materu uye rectangles. Vighters, mipumburu, curls inoziva isu kubvira mabhuku ekucherechedzwa echikoro akazara panguva yezvidzidzo zvinokweretesa. Izvo zvinosara kuyeuka aya mitsara yeBizarre uye ita malcents ezviratidzo, zvakakosha zvekushongedza nguva dzechimiro. Chimiro cheBaroque chakapenya. Rudzi rwakazorora, usazoregedza ndarira yeAerosol. Gadzira chifananidzo chakakodzera mumhuri yemazuva ano zvinogoneka zvakare nerubatsiro rweunganidzwa. Semuenzaniso, vanhu mune izvo zvidhori zvinoratidzwa, kupenda muvhimi dzakavharwa, Khovhloma, Goroodetskaya pendi iyo.d.
Sezvo chinangwa chedu chisingaregerera chimiro, asi chiyeuchidzo chete chake, edza kuisa pfungwa dzakakosha munzvimbo imwechete, taura patafura imwe chete, pane imwe madziro. Kuparadzira iyo Joke akakurumbira, inogona kutaurwa kuti Baroque, somunhu akanaka, anofanira kunge ari akawanda. Dzivisa madziro machena anotyisa uye asina kwavakarerekera. Ivo vari nani kudhirowa drapy, simbisa nemashanga ane mavara eRussia.
Russian-Designer Phratebook
Avanzal - (chirevo. Avant- kumberi chikamu) - Kamuri pamberi peimba huru muhoro.
Allegory (Cheka. Allgoria) kuratidzwa kwepfungwa kana pfungwa yekufungidzira, mumifananidzo yei.
Alcove (Spring. Accove) - Niche, akapatsanurwa kubva mukamuri huru nzvimbo ine chidzitiro, arch kana columns.
Canopy (Deletes. Baletcinus - Wadiwa Silika machira kubva kubaghdad) - Drape kana kutevedzera kushongedza kwayo pamusoro pefirati kana chigaro.
Geeridon (Chirch. Gueridon) - tafura kana yekushongedza yekumira pagumbo-chikamu.
Garland - Maitiro kana chishongo chemaruva, mbabvu, mashizha, michero yakarukwa muchimiro cheketani.
Desundport . Semutemo, kusuwa kwakange kune bizarre listines.
Jardenerka - Programmer Art, mira, shorfer kana tswanda yemukati kana mhanza mavara.
Kabandi (Spring. Cababiotok uye kabandio-kusvetuka) - nyasha dzakarongedzwa fenicha makumbo, dzimwe nguva kupera nemifananidzo yemhuka yemhuka. Chimiro chaicho cheBaroque naRococo.
Canape (Chirch. Canape) - sofa diki ine musoro wakasimudzwa, sekunge yakaumbwa nemachechi akati wandei.
Cartouche - stucco kana graphic kushongedza mune fomu kwete kusvika kumagumo emupumburu wakabvumirwa kana mashizha ane curls. Cartchs akaiswa zvinyorwa, jasi remaoko, zviratidzo.
Ormushl (Kutorwa. Ahrmushchel - Woga Nyura) - Chishongo Chekushongedza Kubatanidza Cartus neKurindira uye Grotesque.
Paduga - Winterrier Baroque naRococo-yakarongedzwa concave pamusoro, kutorwa kubva kumadziro ekumusoro kusvika padenga, kune iyo denga.