Mahwendefa egasi. Zvimiro zvekushanda, maitiro ekufananidza emhando dzinotenderwa kunze kwenyika.
Unoziva here, pamwe nevazhinji vedu vagari vedu vanobatanidza mutsara "wemba"? Uye magariro ezvemagariro anoziva: ine chitofu chekicheni, uye kazhinji gasi, nechiedza. Zvakanaka, sezvo mudetembi akati: "Kutarisa, zvirokwazvo, kwakasimba kwazvo, asi kwakatendeka." Kupfuura zvese, iye, iye, iye, uye anofudza, uye zvitsinye, uye anoshandura kicheni munzvimbo inotonhorera yekutaurirana mumhuri uye neshamwari dzepedyo. Uchiri kugona here kuva chishamiso chehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano? Ngatikurukurei.
Nemhando yesimba inoshandiswa, mahwendefa epamba anogona kukamurwa kuita mafuta akasimba (i.e. huni kana marasha), gasi uye magetsi. Zvakanyanya nyore kushanda vaviri vekupedzisira. Uyezve, kurwira kwehunyoro hwevatengi kunoitwa pakati pavo nekubudirira kwakasiyana. Iyo yepakati chinzvimbo inogarwa nemahwendefa akasanganiswa mune iyo matatu egasi inopisa iri padhuze kune imwe electrocent
Zvino, saka kutaura, nezve chinzvimbo chiri mudenga. Pahwaro uhwu, mahwendefa egasi akakamurwa mumhuri mbiri dzakakura: dzakavakirwa uye dzakavakirwa-mukati. Parizvino, mhando dzakajairika dzezvikamu zvinotevera zvinonyanya kuitika: 5050cm (diki) uye 6060cm (yakakura). Mumakore ekutanga, saizi yepakati dzakaonekwa muRussia - 5353cm. Mukuwedzera, pane zvinotakurika desktobes deskptols.
Vagadziri vakasiyana vanopa huwandu hwemhando dzegesi dzegesi, kazhinji zvishoma pane zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Iyo yekusarudza, ndiyo mubvunzo. Iwe uchafanira kuzvipindura iwe pachako. Bhizinesi redu raikuzivisa iwe iyo iyo yakawanda pikicha, kukanda iyo kusashambadzira hushoma.
Kuongororwa, isu tinoshandisa iyo inowanzogamuchirwa nzira ye "mutengo-mhando" maitiro. Chiitiko pano zvese zvinoita kunge zvakajeka: kuti zvakaderera sei, zviri nani kumutengi. Avota pfungwa ye "mhando" inoda kujekeswa. Isu tinogadzira sokugona kwemuviri kugutsa zvido zvakawanda pasina kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera mutengo.
Kutanga, funga nezvemhuri yakakura kwazvo yemasikati matairi mumwe nemumwe. Anenge zvirimwa zvine gumi anovagadzira, vazhinji vezvinobva pamakore makumi mana apfuura uye kuburitsa mhando dzakaperera. Iyo yakakura uye yakawanda yemazuva ano chirimwa, yakavakwa muUSSR, ndeye "Brestganoparat". Kwaari, tekinoroji yazvino uye michina yakatengwa nekuda kweSoviet-nguva, kubvumira inopfuura hafu yemiriyoni yemamiriyoni mumhando yakanaka pagore.
Kurasikirwa kweRussia mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe ekugadzira mahombekombe egasi (G. breast) akamanikidzwa Rao Gadzrom kuti ivake nzvimbo mbiri itsva - muKartsonodar ndima, uye nekutenga danda guru mu BelethazoAppacharate Enterprise. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirimwa chitsva chekugadzirwa kwemasango epamba zvainge zvakagadzirwa pane iyo penza yekugadzira penza "Eutt". Nechinangwa ichi, iyo kambani yeItaly Delonghi yakawana rezinesi, akatenga matekinoroji emazuva ano. MuRussia, muRussia MuRussia "mutambi" mukuru, ayo anotonga anopfuura makumi mashanu muzana emusika, ndiye akabata chiratidzo chejeti. Tevere, vanokwira vanogadzira "Darina" mahwendefa (gCHAIKIVSKY) uye de Luxe (Pynza) ari kukwikwidza, uyezve vamwe vese. Mumabhizinesi atinoti "mamwe", mamiriro acho ezvinhu, zvechokwadi, akasiyana chaizvo. Mumwe munhu anogadzira rimwe chete kana zvitatu zvuru zvimedu zveInstitha uye ane mutengi wayo niche, uye mumwe munhu wenguva yakawanda haana basa.
Pane dzimwe humwe mafuta egasi akaisa chishandiso chinomisa gasi kuwanikwa kweiyo inopisa kana murazvo wakabuda. Izvi zvinonzi gasi kudzora system system. Zvinhu zvayo zvakakosha kuvapo kwemurazvo (sekutonga, iri thermocouple) uye electromagnetic yakavharirwa-kubva kuValve inodurura iyo gasi pombi pombi. Iyo thermocouple yakaiswa padhuze neyekupisa uye, kutonga kubva pamurwi, unoburitsa voltage iyo iyo iyo yekuvhara iyo vharuvhu rakavharwa. Kana murazvo wabuda (semuenzaniso, kubva kune yakasimba mhepo gust kana nekuda kwekumisa gasi yekupa gasi), tembiricha yeTremocouple inoderera, iyo madonhwe madonhwe uye yakavharwa vharuvhu yakavhara kuvhurwa kwegesi yekupa gasi. Paunomanikidza simba pane torch, iyo vharuvhu inovhura. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kuitwa chete mushure menguva yakati (30-90 masekondi) mushure mekunge murazvo wakabuda.
De Luxe naDarina mahwendefa anogadzirwa muEuropean samples, kugadzirwa kunoitwa pamidziyo yemazuva ano. Kukundikana nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekuvaka mune idzi mahwendefa hakusipo, sezvo ivo vakatorwa sehwaro husiri hwazvino, asi asi hwakavimbika mhando. Kuremara kwakanyanya kujairika kune tekinoroji kwakabatana nekuita kwekusagadziriswa kwemabasa ega uye maitiro egungano seyakaenzana. Semuenzaniso, pane kazhinji kazhinji kukuvadzwa kune enamel kuunganidza kana gonhi remarara.Inoshanda plate de Luxe uye "Darina" anenge akafanana. Kune mhando uye extromotive anopisa, uye pasina iwo. Uyezve, matarenda ekutanga ane mazana mashanu anodhura, saka maererano nechero "Mutengo-" hunhu "hwakanyanya kukurira kutora ndiro dzisingatore magetsi uye kutenga magetsi. Gasi reimba yakareruka. Nenzira, ichapa yakavimbika kusavimbika zvisinei nematambudziko ekuvhota mune simba grid. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzive chokwadi chekuti "mahwendefa" akaitwa ari pasi pemakore maviri uye, kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwavo kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza, kuchine nhamba dzakavimbika dzekutadza. Mahwendefa eFALX aripo kweanopfuura makore mashanu, tekinoroji yeAkisimendi yakatogadzwa, kunaka kwacho kwakanaka.
Kunze kwegesi kwegesi vagadziri
| Mugadziri, nyika | Trademark | Nhamba yemhando, zvimwe | Mutengo *, Zviuru Zvizhinji. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aeg, Germany | AEG | shanu | 10-15 |
| Ardo, Italy | Ardo. | 10 | 7-11 |
| Bompany, Italy | Bompany. | shanu | 6-10. |
| Bosch, Germany | Bosch. | 10 | 9-13. |
| Brandt, France | Brandt. | shanu | 11-15 |
| Kaiser, Germany | Kaiser. | 10 | 8-13 |
| Merloni, Italy | Ariston. | 10 | 7-12. |
| Indesit. | 10 | 6-10. | |
| Simiens, Germany | Simiens. | shanu | 10-14. |
| Electrolux, Sweden | Electrolux | 10 | 10-14. |
Chimwezve chinhu. Mutengi anofanira kuziva kuti zvishandiso zveimba zvine chekuita nekuita kwakakura kunoda mamiriro ezvinhu akagadzikana panguva yekushanda. Kurasikirwa nezvavo, zvinosiririsa, iwe unongofanira kurota. Ngatiti, Icho chinozivikanwa kuti mangwanani uye manheru neyakaitwa negasi hombe, kumanikidzwa mumugwagwa mukuru kunogona kuitwa kuenzaniswa nezuva nezuva nguva dzezuva nezuva. Kuderedzwa kweiyo voltage mumagetsi masokisi hakuna zvakawanda zvakanyanya, asi kunoitika panguva imwe chete zuva uye kwakanyanya pamusoro pekumanikidza kwegesi kudonha. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kusagadzikana kusashanda kwemagetsi ekupisa uye gasi kudzora masisitimu.
Russian Gost r 50696-94, zvinoenderana neiyo dhizaini uye mashandiro eRussia mahwendefa anoitika, anotarisira kuitisa gasi kudzvinyirira. Saka, gasi gasi rinofanira kushandira zvakatsiga kana dzvinyiriro dzichinja kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika mazana masere kusvika 1800 PA pakudzvinyirirwa network mune gumi nematanhatu. Kuti uenzanise: en-30 standard, kudzora kukura kweshanduro yemagasi egasi muEurope, kunzvera kushanduka kanopfuura 1,5 kusvika pamakumi maviri nemashanu pa. Maererano neEn-30, bvunzo yemagetsi uye gasi uye gasi kudzora masisitimu anoitika pakukwirira uye kushoma gasi. Vamwe vagadziri veEuropean (semuenzaniso, Kaiser naMerloni), pavanenge vachiendesa zvigadzirwa kuRussia, vakafunga nezvemunharaunda. Iyi idzo mafemu ari kutungamira vamiriri vekunze mumusika weRussia wemagasi egasiti.
Izvi zvinotevera zvimiro zvekushanda kwenhamba dzinotenderwa muRussia zvinoregedza zvavakaita pakusarudza kwedu, asi hausati azviita zvisina kufanira. Kupfuura zvese, kana iyo paramita yegesi nemagetsi network yakagadzikana, saka kukwirira kwepamusoro uye kukwana kwehunyanzvi kunoita kuti vatorwa vatorwa.
Nekudaro, kuenzanisa dhizaini yerwendo kunze kwenyika uye rusununguko mahwendefa, iwe unouya kuParadocal pakutanga kutarisa. Aimenno- iyo yeRussia gasi mahwendefa akakwana pane exinjination mhinduro. Kutanga, kushamwaridzana kwavo kuri 10% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yezvigadzirwa zveEurope, uye, saka, ivo vanopisa zvishoma gasi. Kechipiri, zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinopa zvigadzirwa zvegesi zvakasarudzika zvegesi. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuda kweizvozvo kuti kuRussia kukwira pazvinhu zvemamiriro ekunze kwakanyanyisa kukurudzira kupfuura kweEuropean standard. Semuenzaniso, maererano neGODA P 50696-94 mune zvigadzirwa zveCarbon Monoxide (Carbon Monoxide (Carbon Monoxide) haafanire kupfuura 0.01-0,03% (neNitrogen oide - 200 mg / cube. Sekureva kweEuropean Standard en-30, iyo Carnentration yeCarbon Monoxide haigone kupfuura 0.0.2% (kagumi Zvizhinji!), Uye zvirimo zveNitrogen oides haina kugadziriswa zvachose.
Midzi ye "kuomarara" kwedu kunyepa, kana iwe ukafunga, muhurombo uye kutonhora kutonhora. Paunenge uri mumakore makumi mashanu, misa misa yemaguta nemaguta, kicheni, maererano nezvinodiwa, aive nenzvimbo yemamita 4-7 mativi mana. m, mhepo yakamanikidzwa yakanga isipo. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzera kuti vagadzire vagadzire midziyo yemumba yemumba maererano neyekupisa mafuta. Nyika dzeAeuropean dzakaenda kune yavo nzira dzechisikigo kuenda kumatunhu nedzimba dzinodziya: Ivo vanoshandisa masisitimu emhepo uye vakawanda mukicheni. Naizvozvo, kutaura zvakanyanyisa, mahwendefa eEuropean anofanirwa kutengeswa muRussia akakwana nekupedza simba, kupa pasi risingasviki gumi-fold mhepo kuchinjanisa mukicheni. Zviri pachena kuti semhedzisiro, zvigadzirwa zvine kunze kwenyika zvave zvinodhura pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu (mune mamwe mazwi, iyo yakazara mutengo weiyo nyowani yeRussia. Vagadziri veEuropean havataurwe zvakananga pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvese kumutengi weRussia, asiwo havadi kuputsa mutemo. Ivota yatove muzvitoro zvemakambani mazhinji pamusoro pegasi chitofu chegasi chisina hung: Iwe unoda kutenga, asi iwe unoda. Ichokwadi kuti European Firms Lucavo anovhenekera izvi zvinonzwisisika mamiriro ezvinhu anonzwisisika. Hazvina kujeka: Nei maFiramu eRussia achivharira mukana wavo wekukwikwidza pamakona ese ?!
Mutungamiriri weMusika weMusika JSC Brestgazoapparat inoburitsa mahwendefa ezvinyorwa mazana mashanu ezvinyorwa zvegore. - Gasi-remagetsi (rinopfuura gumi), rinosanganisira hupfu hwakasarudzika, uye vamwe.
Parizvino, maererano nechero, mutengo wemhando yeiyo hefest mapepa anokwikwidza nechivimbo neARDO uye BOMMEVANO zvigadzirwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvakaenzana zvinoita kunge zvisina kuvhiringidzwa kuti tirege kufarirwa. Boka reMerloni remakambani rakavaka zvishandiso zveimba chirimwa muPoland. Saka usashamisika kana ukasangana muchitoro che $ 19,9 mahwendefa ardo kana isina muzvitoro.
Midziyo yekicheni yeanokurukurirana kwenyika inomiririrwa munyika yedu: Electrolux (Sweden), BOSCH, SIEMIens, AEG (Germany), Brandt (France), Brandt (France) Izvi pasina mubvunzo yakakwirira-mhando, nyanzvi. Asi ndeye 3-6 times zvakanyanya kudhura kupfuura iyo Russian na1,5-2, mumwe European. Zvinoenderana neyekuchema kwe "Mutengo", Elite Technique akaderera kune cheEuropean (semuenzaniso, Merloni, kaiser, bomiser, bommani) Zvinodhura, kunyangwe ivo vachitora zvakadai mabrambera izvozvi kwete kuGerman kana Sweden, asiwo kuEast Europe neSouth Asia Asia Asia.
Kune Russia, imwe mhuri yevakavakirwa-mune gasi kitchen zvishandiso - chitsva, chinokurumidza kuvaka chikamu chemusika. Akavakwa-mugesi wegesi aripo, kutaura zvazviri, ndiro, rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: kumusoro-kupisa uye kwezasi-kwakaparadzanisa gasi. Kuvaka kwakadaro kunovaka kunoita kuti zviitike zvakanyanya kuwedzera mukana wekuisa midziyo yegesi mukicheni.
Mune mamwe madhiri emazuva ano gasi, iyo thermostat yeiyo yekupisa (imwe kana maviri), iyo otomatiki inochengetedza iyo yakataurwa simba simba, batsirai mugadziro wezvemari yakaoma, izvo zvinoda chaizvo tembiricha.
Iyo inowanzogadziriswa inogadziriswa inopa murazvo wakatsiga, pasina ripples, bhuruu. Kana marimi emurazvo asina kugadzikana uye nguva nenguva achinja ruvara kubva kublue kusvika yero, zvinoreva kuti anopisa anoshanda zvakaipa uye anoda basa. Asi kana iyo yekuzvipira inopisa inoshanda nenzira imwechete, ingangodaro isiri chitofu, asi gasi (kuumbwa kana kumanikidzwa).
Nemurazvo wero, hazvigoneke kushandisa iyo inopisa, inguva yekubata gasi hupfumi hwehupfumi. Kuteerera kuChitarisiko mukicheni kunhuhwirira kwegasi - pakarepo, kwete kubata kwemidziyo yemagetsi switches switches switches switches Bata emergency gasi service. Usaite mhosva!
MaFiramu mafemu akadai asina kusunungurwa, saka, zvitoro zvinopihwa zvakanyanyisa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvevakagadza vese vagadziri. Mukana wakakura weiyo tekinoroji yakavakirwa ndeyekuti, pasina kugara munzvimbo yakawanda mukamuri, inokodzera nyore nyore kupinda mufireni fenicha. Iyo yakavakirwa-mundiro, zvakare inonzi iyo yekudziya yekudziya, kana oven inokutendera kuti ugadzire anesthetic uye ergonomic yemukati. Maitiro ezvekusimbisa anosiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru, huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, marongero avo, uye nenzira yekudzora: kubva kuimba yayo yekudziya, kubva mukamuri yekushandisa, ichishandisa iyo yekuzvimiririra yunivhesiti. Vazhinji vevakavakirwa-mumatoyi magetsi, kwete gasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti parizvino gasi masaini hazvikwanisi kukwikwidza neyemagetsi kubhawa kwemhando. Kukonzera banalna: yakavhurika murazvo gasi rinopisa kugadzira yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha mukati mehoveni. Kupfupikisa uku kwanyimwa gasi ovens ne infrared buters. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kutenga seti inosanganisira yegesi yekudziya gasi uye ovento emagetsi, nemutengo wegumi zviuru zana. Iyo yakakwana "mutengo-mhando" maitiro achave sarudzo mukuda mitezo isingadhuri yeKaiser kana Merloni.Yepakati chinzvimbo pakati peiyo yakavakirwa uye yakavakirwa-mune gasi zvivakwa zvinowanzoitika desktops. Ivo vanogadzirwa nezvirimwa muBrest, Kazan, Krasnodar naOmsk. Nehuremu hwemutengo- mhando, mbiri-magineti mahwendefa eiyo gefest mhando ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka. Iko hakuna nguva pane yekutengesa desktop mahwendefa ane ehupfumi, zvakatipoteredza hushamwari hunobvarura. Vakaitira hwaro hweplate "Helphaest", asi kusiyana nezvimwe zvese zvegesi zvegesi hazvina murazvo wakashama, usasvibisa mhepo, usasvibisa ndiro, madziro uye cuisine pasere. Mukuwedzera, midziyo yacho ndeye 1.5-2 Times isingasviki gasi, uye zvirimo zvezvinhu zvinokuvadza muzvinyorwa zveConstonodzikidzwa neCarbon monoxide, 10, uye muNitrogen oides - 100 times! Mahwendefa ane infrared burners anogona kushandiswa kubvumidzwa kusashandiswa kwete chete pakubika, asi zvakare kune yekupisa makamuri.
Dhata pane gasi gasi gasi
| Mugadziri | Trademark | Nhamba yemhando | Mutengo *, Zviuru Zvizhinji. |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Bretganoapparat", Breast | "HEFEST" | 7. | 3.5-6 |
| Midziyo yegesi chirimwa, Volgograd | "Electric" | 3. | 2.5-3.5 |
| Zvirimwa. Vladimir Ilyich, Moscow | Zvy. | Poshi | (**) |
| Midziyo yegesi chirimwa, Kazan. | "Idil" | shanu | 2-3.5 |
| Midziyo yegesi chirimwa, Krasnodar Dunhu | "Kuban" | ina | 2,5-3. |
| Metallurgical chirimwa G. LYSVA | "Elga" | Poshi | ina |
| Midziyo yegesi chirimwa, Omsk | "Omichka" | 3. | (**) |
| Kuburitsa "Evt", G. Penza | De luxe | shanu | 3-5.5 |
| Midziyo yegesi chirimwa, G. TCHAIKIVSKY | "Darina" | shanu | 3-4.5 |
* - mitengo inoburitswa seyana 01.12.2000.
** - kusavapo kutengeswa.