Zvinokosha zvinodiwa kumadziro. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa sarudzo yekugadzira uye zvekuvakisa zvinhu. Cocols, zviyo, matanho eutsi.
Zvinotakura zvidhinha
Chain (Double mutsara):
A - incision,
B - fadade
Spoon (Multi-Row):
A - incision,
B - fadade Master Servemes
Saka, muverengi anodiwa, iwo magumo emba yako akatoonekwa chiratidzo chakaratidza hwaro hwenhamba dzevatakuri vezvimedu zvemadziro (madziro, makoramu, zvidimbu). Nyowani nenhamo dzinomuka. Tumira queue yedzimba. ISoftware, mhinduro inovaka, saizi dzinofungidzirwa, iwe unotoziva kubva papurojekiti. Asi zvakawanda zvinoita kunge zvinoita fuzzzy. Saka ngatitaurei nezvamadziro. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye madhigiramu emadziro zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo, kubva pakugadzwa uye tembiricha uye humbowo hwezvivakwa, iko kuvapo kwezvinhu zvivakwa zveko uye zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi, Kufunga nezve huwandu hwekufambisa, kubva pakuonekwa uye kurongedza mhinduro yemazita eimba.
MuRussia kwenguva yakareba, nekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvehurumende, machechi, monganzinda nezvimwe zvivakwa, isu takapararira huni, matombo, uye gare gare uye zvakazotevera uye zvivakwa zvezvidhinha uye zvakazoitika. Keemes yakanaka, matende uye matsime emutsara mazhinji, akanaka uye ane rusaruro. Izvo zvakaringana kutaura temberi yakaisvonaka yekasilly blissful (zita riripo rePokrovsky katsi, riri pane rb, 1555-1560). Hapana shoma yakanaka uye inoshamisa kubudirira ndiko kuvakwa kweiyo 22-chitsauko cheChechi (1714) yeMuponesi wekushanduka chitarisiko yeKizhi Grandar.
Ehezve, mumazuva ekare, apo pakanga pasina yekuvhiringidza yeinjiniya yekuverenga, ukobvu hwemadziro kazhinji kazhinji kwakanyanya. Zvekuvaka zvazvino-zvekasimusi cottage, kunze kwetombo rechinyakare, zvidhinha zvemadziro, zvakarongeka, zvakareruka, zvakasvibirira, nhovo uye vamwe nekushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwechiedza . Izvi zvivakwa zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike zvakanyanya kuderedza uremu hwemadziro, kuvandudza zviratidzo zvavo zvehupfumi, kumhanyisa kuvaka.
Isu tichajairana nezvinodiwa nemadziro. Dhizaini yakasarudzwa yemadziro inofanirwa kuve neiyo imba yakafanana neimba seyese, uye ita mabasa makuru maviri: mvura, chando, kuomesa musoro) uye kutakura mutoro (uremu) inoendeswa pamusoro pavo (uremu) zvidhinha zvimiro, midziyo, fenicha.
Zvichienderana nenzvimbo iri muchiratidzo chekuvaka pane marudzi maviri: ekunze uye zvemukati. Iyo yekupedzisira itaiwo zvinoparadzanisa mabasa.
Madziro ekunze anofanirwa kuve akakwana (zviyero zvakaringana) kupisa-nhoo kwekushambadzira munguva yechando, kupokana nekunyadzisa uye mhepo peromeal, ndiko kuti, ivo vanofanirwa kupa mumakamuri anodiwa tembiricha uye humidity mode chero nguva yegore. Zvichienderana nedanho rinodiwa rekuramba moto kumba, madziro anofanirwa kuve neboka rekusimudzira uye muganho wekuramba moto usina kuderera pane zviyero zvemoto. Madziro ese maviri ekunze uye emukati anofanirwa kuve akakwana (kupfuura zviyero) zviyero zvezvivakwa.
Izvi uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvaunoda kuti urege kutarisisa kana uchisarudza chirongwa uye kuronga zvivakwa zvezvinhu zvakasiyana zveimba, dzimwe nguva zvinopesana. Izvo zvinodikanwa kusarudza zvinhu uye zvivakwa zvinogutsa zvese zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvizhinji zvehupfumi mhinduro. Sekureva kwemhinduro yemamiriro ezvinhu, madziro anogona kukamurwa kuva akasimba, anosanganisira homogeneous zvinhu uye yakasimba, inosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Chekutanga chinoitwa panguva imwe chete zvese zvinodzivirira, uye zvinotakura mabasa, uye wechipiri kana kutakura, kana basa rekudzivirira.
Kutanga funga nezvematare emadziro ematombo, anonyanya kushandiswa mukuvaka kweCettage, iskrpich, kongiri, ceramics, kubva pajecha, rimestone, uye vanomwe. Vacheche vakaderera-vanokwira zvivakwa zvako zviyero zvemadziro pamwe chete nengozi ndewekupedzisira kwehurumende yeimba, uye mutengo wemadziro ari kusvika makumi matatu muzana (Sinted Architectural Dailymotion) yekukosha kwechivako zvachose. Inogona kuoneka kuti yakakosha sei kune hunyanzvi kusarudza mhando yemadziro, kunyanya kunze.
Zvidhinha madziro
Ivo vakarongedzwa kunze kwegomba rekunze-sized 25012064mmm, pasina kufunga nezve mishonga ye3-5mm. Zvidhinha zvakaradzikwa nerutivi rurefu (25mm) pamwe chete nedare (pamwe nemadziro) uye vanonzi mashopu, kana pfupi-mhiri kwemadziro - uye nimbble. Iwo mapundu ari pakati pezvidhina akazadzwa nemhinduro inonzi seams. Iyo yakajairwa yakajairika yeSeam yakatarisana (pakati pemitsara) ndeye 2mm, vertical (pakati pezvisungo) - 10mm. Kazhinji, vavaki vanoshandisa zvakanyanyisa kusakara seams, izvo zvisinganyatsombakwezvera, nekuti zvinoderedza hunhu hwekupisa uye simba remadziro uye kutyora modularity yehukuru hwehukuru hwehukuru.Mukuvakwa kweCottage, zvidhinha zvenguva yakazara zvinoshandiswa kana kuvhiringidzika kutsvuka, kupiswa pamusoro pehuremu hwe 1700-1900kg / m3 uye kushomeka kwehuremu (1800-2000KG / M3). Kuti uwane nyore, uremu hweimwe (hwakazara) zvidhina kubva ku3,2 kusvika 4kg. Iko ukobvu kwehomogenious (yakasimba) zvidhinha zvemadziro zvinogara zvakapendwa hafu yezvidhinha uye zvakavakwa muna 1/2; Poshi; 11/2; 2; 21/2 zvidhina, nezvimwe. Kutsigira ukobvu hwemakiromita eMamm, madziro ezvidhinha ane ukobvu hwe12, 250, 380, 510, 640 mm uye zvimwe. Zvinoenderana zvakanyanya kubva munguva yechando yakaverengerwa kunze kwekunze kwemhepo tembiricha.
Kuiswa kwezvidhinha mumadziro emadziro kunoitwa neyakaitwa neimwe nzira yeanodziya uye tonch mitsetse kuti iwane kupfeka kwesamu.
Iyo Yakanyanya kugoverwa yakagamuchira mutsara wakapetwa (ketani uye chiRussia) uye yakawanda-mutsara (spoonful) masonry system. Takapetwa spoonful mitsara inowirirana ne choke, kugadzira pane iyo face seyakaenzana manhamba.
Mune yakawanda-mutsara-mutsara system, matatu-mashanu-spononful soin inonyanisira neimwe pombi imwe. Zvikamu zvekunze uye zvemukati zvemadziro zvinogadzirwa kubva pachidhina zvese nebhiri rinokodzera, uye pakati pekuurayiwa (forge) izere nezvidhinha zvakaputswa uye zvinodururwa nemhinduro yemvura. Iyi nzira yekumanikidza ichirerutsa cheni, saka kubereka chibereko kwevashandi kwakakwira, uye huwandu hwakakura hwekudzinga unoderedza mutengo. Usati waisa zvidhinha, zvinodikanwa kuti zviite kuti zvive zvakanyorova, semuenzaniso, chinjana chacho muhomwe nemvura. Mushure mezvose, kana zvisina kudaro, kunyanya pamazuva anopisa, mvura kubva kumhinduro ichabatikana kuita zvidhina, kusvibisa zvisiri izvo pakati pavo, kugadzira mamiriro ekuparadzwa kwemadziro.
Mamwe marudzi ezvidhinha, ceramic uye mwenje concrete matombo, diki concrete block (yakasimba kana vertical voids) ine masaga mazhinji akawanda pane zvakajairwa zvidhina. Semuenzaniso, kukwirira kwavo kunogona kuve 88, 140, 188mm, kuitira kuti ibatanidze midzi yemunhu anoenderana uye seams kana akarara pamwe chete nekutarisana neyakajairika zvidhinha.
Paunenge uchiisa madziro ematombo okutsvedza-kusava nebasa, zvakafanira kuisa mabwe kuti zvigadzikiswe zviri kufanana nemadziro, ndiko kuti, perpendicular kune inoyerera kuyerera. Kuiswa kwemadziro kubva pamatombo echisikigo, uko kunopa kodzero, kwakakura kupfuura zvidhina, chimiro (chimiro (chakaitwa pane cheni), kunyanya zvivakwa zvisingadiwe munzvimbo dzinowanikwa ibwe iri chinhu ichi chivakwa.
Zvidhinha zvinogara zviripo zvinogara zvakanaka, asi mukushisa kwavo kwekushambadzira kwakanyanyisa kuderera kusvika kubatsira mizhinji-stroke uye trendal, yakawanda poroumba (1100-1300kg / m3). Yakaiswa mhando dzezvidhinha 50-150; Mavara emhinduro (kusunga chinhu) kubva pagumi (lime) kusvika ku25 (simende) yemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzekugadzira uye zvinhu zvakarongeka. Kuiswa kwacho kunoitwa pane zvinorema zvinorema zviyero zvinopfuura 1500kg / m3), zvinonzwika zvinotonhora (simende-lime, sandy), slag), kudziya kwamhepo. Zvakasimba zvidhinha zvemadziro ezvirwere zvizere-zvidiki zvidhinha zvevanopfuura 380mm zvinoonekwa zvisina kukodzera, kune saizi yakadaro yezvigadzirwa, misa yakasarudzika Kukobvu kwemadziro ekunze kwekamuri, iyo inopihwa yekupisa engineering kuverenga, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu esimba zvakanyanya. Iyo inoshandiswa dzimwe nguva chete 15-20% yekugona kwayo kwekugona. Naizvozvo, mudzimba dzeCottage, zvidhinha zvine mwero zvinoshandiswa, zvinoshandiswa zvisingareruka (zvisina mwero kana kuti wakasvibirira) rusununguko rwemasonry, pamwe nematombo emberi.
Kuiswa kwezvidhinha zvidhinha zvine zveshuwa pane zveshuwa pane ivhu rinowanzoitwa pasina kunze kweplaster uye nechirevo chemasapu. Mhinduro imwecheteyo inogona kukurudzirwa masonry kubva kune tsvuku zvidhinha uchishandisa inokosha nzvimbo dzechiso.
Iko kusanganiswa kweMasonry kubva kune ivhu red uye silte chena zvidhina zvinogona kupa inonakidza artistic solution yemazita. Nekudaro, shandisa silirate zvidhinha munzvimbo dzinoonekwa nekuvandudza kunyorova, senge cornice, base, haifanire kunge iri. MaAgnasi akanyorova (furageba, madziva) kuiswa kwemadziro uye zvidimbu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasimba kubva kune yakazara-chiyero clay yepurasitiki yekumanikidza.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika uye ehupfumi emadziro ekunze ndiye anonzi madziro, umo madziro akaiswa kunze kwemadziro maviri akazvimirira ane gobvu mudenga (Outer, Vertst) m, kugadzira matsime akavharika. Matsime ekumanikidza anozadzwa neinishuwo: slag, clying, mwenje kongiri nechisimbiso. Saka kuti iyo insulting haina kubuda nekufamba kwenguva, iyo inotsvedza yakasanganiswa nevarume vechitatu: Tiley Dilephragms pakukwirira kwe0,5 mm (1.520 mm) kana kutenderera (dunhu (dender ( Simbi yakafukidzwa neAnti-Corrosion Compositionsitions (SEMEN Mukaka, Bitumen).
Mastering masisitimu ari akawanda maindasitiri uye ekukurudzira eustrayrical uye anokurudzira, umo madziro ezvipenga zvakatsiviwa nemotokari dzishoma emicroscopic Upamhi hwemukadzi wehasha pa40-50 mm ari kushoma pane chinhambwe pakati penzvimbo yekugadzira iyo inoumbwa yakajeka iyo inozadzwa nemhinduro.
Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakanaka ndezvekusarudza kubva kune yakazara-zvidhinha zvidhinha zvinosanganisira madziro maviri aine madziro akavharika mhepo ine hupamhi hwe40-70mm. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwezvidhinha kunoderedzwa ne10-15%; Wall of Outisikopo ine mitsara yemapuranga ehafu yezvidhinha, uye zvemukati zvichienderana neyekupisa kupisa kuvhundutsa muna 250 kana 380mm. Masvingo akabatana nenzira dzakatsanangurwa pamusoro, kunze rakadzvanywa kuti rideredze mhepo yekupinda. Kana ikazadzwa nemhepo yemhepo ine mineral yakanzwa, iyo inobudirira yekubudirira yemadziro inowedzera ne30-40%.
Kuti uwedzere hunhu hwehunhu hwekusimbisa kwemadziro, zvinokwanisika kushandisa mahwendefa ekupisa-madziro, foam kongiri, yakaiswa pamapuranga (zvine hungwaru) mabheji, madhipatimendi uye dzimwe nzira kubva mukati. Kwekupaza kwemisimbiso uye aireromiles, iyo yemukati yemapuranga yakatarisana nemasoni inokurudzirwa, kupaza aluminium foil, kraft bepa, nezvimwe. Nenzira imwe cheteyo inogadzirwa namadziro emadziro kubva pamapuranga emukati. Tile insulation inogona kusungirirwa kumadziro zvakananga pane mhinduro. Nzvimbo dzekunze dzemadziro, dzakarwa mukati, zvakare dzinoda kuiswa.
Kutaura kwakakosha, muverengi anodiwa. Madziro emukati ekubereka uye anotakura zvidimbu (pane izvo matende kana mahwendefa anofanirwa kunge ari kunze kweshoko rakazara, aine chidiki chidhinha (!) Gobvu remadziro e250mm (dzimwe nguva 120mm) . Chikamu chembiru chembiru chinofanira kunge chingangoita 380380mm. Nemitoro mikuru (kujekesa panzvimbo), matanda ekutakura uye ari nyore anofanirwa kusimbiswa neaya waya mesh netara ye3-6mm kuburikidza ne3-5 mitsara yemasonry pakureba. Zvidimbu zviri kurara kunze kwe120mm uye 65mm (zvidhinha "Maparo"). Nehurefu hwezvikamu zvakadaro, zvinopfuura 1.5 m, dzinofanirawo kusimbiswa mushure memitsara 3-5.
Kubereka zvikamu zvinogona kurongwa (kunze kwemakamuri ane mvura) kubva kuchiedza, gypsum kongiri, kubva pamabhodhi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera pamamiriro ezvinhu emunharaunda uchishandisa yakakodzera kupedzisa.
Zvekutarisa facades, inoitwa panguva imwe chete nemadziro emasonry masvomhu, ayo ari kuwedzera zvakanyanya, asi mukuwoneka, kuumbwa uye kutenderwa uye kutenderwa nekukara muhukuru hukuru hwemhando yepamusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana chikonzero chekupenda kwevatatu kana zvina.
Kuiswa kwemadziro ekunze kunofanirwa kutangwa nemakona echivako. Underwear. Zvekuteerera zviri nani nehuremu hwemadziro uye nehuremu, iyo yakatwasuka yemitsara yemasonch inofanira kushandiswa kushandisa pirazi, kurongeka kwemari neyakagadzirirwa nemutsara wega wega wezvidhinha uye seam pakukwirira .
Zvinhu zvemadziro
Cocol - Pasi pemadziro kubva pasi pevhu kusvika pasi pevhu, kukwirira kweanenge 500mm, iyo inokwazisa nzvimbo yepasi peimba. Chigadziko chakaiswa pasi pekunyorovesa uye chando, chando, zvando, kana zvichishandiswa kushandisa zvinhu zvakasimba, zvemafuro zvechando (dombo, kongiri, tsvuku zvidhinha).
Nzvimbo dzekunze dzechigadziko dzinogona kunge dzine maumbirwo akasiyana uye trim; Smooth uye zororo, kusanganisira kubva kune yakasviba yeiyo coment plaster, kutevedzera matombo, mataira echisimba, ceramic marara, kuumbwa kwechikamu chimwe chejekiti kune matatu jecha zvikamu. Pazere rinenge 150 mm pamusoro peanotambudza kuputsa, zvakakodzera kuronga iyo yese yekupararira kwechigadziko cheAnti-proxpress, inosanganisira maviri matanda edenga, rubberroid kana simenti yakatsvuka.
Sangano remadziro dzakarasika dzinofanira kuitwa kubva kune yakasimba zvidhinha kana zvimwe zvinoshandiswa, zvemafuta uye zvinyoro-zvinodzivirira.
Mucheche - Lightweight Base. Madziro akatetepa pakati pembiru dzehwaro, pazasi pemadziro eVeranda, anopisa pasi penzvimbo yakazara inochengetedza kunyorova, chando, nezvimwe. Izvo zvinoitwa kubva pane izvo zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa semukuru, semuenzaniso, mune imwe kana pollipich; Yakabatanidzwa muvhu pana 300-500mm. Pamavheni, akagadzira ivhu, mutsago wejecha ane ukobvu hwa 150-300mm akarongedzwa pasi peshungu.
Iyo migogo inopera pamusoro pemadziro uye inonzi korona. Yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza rusvingo kubva kumuridzi wemvura, kunyanyisa kupisa nezuva, pamwe nekubvisa mvura inoyerera kubva padenga. Uye zvakare, meso anowanzo shongedza zvivakwa, achipa chimiro chakapera kutaridzika. Naizvozvo, chimiro chacho, kureba, kubva uye ruvara zvakanyatsofungidzirwa nemhedzisiro yakagadziriswa yekuvaka yeiyo face.
Cornis Madziro ematombo echimiro chakareruka anogona kuraswa nekudya zvishoma nezvishoma kwemutsara wega wega pasina anopfuura 1/3 yehurefu hwezvidhinha (80mm). Kubviswa kwakazara hakufanirwe kupfuura hafu yekobvu yemadziro. Nekubviswa kukuru kweiyo cornice yekugadziriswa kwekoramu, Special precast concrete slabs, matanda, canpyled pamadziro uye akagadzirirwa nhongazi inofanira kuiswa nemabhureki. Zvinyorwa zvinowanzoshandiswa pakuburitswa kwemakumbo akasviba kana mare; Ivo vanovhurwa uye vakatemwa.
Pasina mubvunzo, kuvandudza mhando yekugadzira midziyo inogona kuunzwa mumhinduro yendege yemazita, akasiyana-siyana madhiri, bhandi, bhandi uye korona uye korona. Yakarongedzwa kubva zvidhinha kana zvimwe, zvakadai seyakangoita zvinhu, asi zvisina kuoma mukudhirowa.
Utsi uye mverecalation chiteshi Zvivakwa zvakaderera-zvakaderera, zvakarongwa, sekutonga, mumasvingo emukati ane gobvu re 380 mm, rakaradzika kunze kwetsvina yakasimba zvidhinha. Chikamu chemuchinjiko chedzidziso idzi dzenzvimbo dzakatorwa 140270mm, uye mhepo, kubva mukicheni, dzimba dzekugezera, 1401404mm.
Kutakura dzimba dzekugara kuburikidza neyelocity. Chiviro chimwe nechimwe (kana nzvimbo yemoto) inofanira kuve neyakagovana utsi chiteshi. Nzvimbo dzemukati dzematanho ezvinyorwa zvakanakisa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakachena uye zvakanyatsonaka, zvakakosha kuti usakanganwe nezvazvo) ivhu (isingasviki) mhinduro. Kugadziriswa uye kurambidzwa kwemadziro kunoitwa nejira rakachena rakachena kana rakadzika matanho kuburikidza nemitsara shanu kana matanhatu ezvidhinha.
Utsi hweutsi kubva kuimba dzakasiyana siyana muVatiki dzakasanganiswa muzviputa zveutsi, izvo zvinoratidzwa pamusoro pedenga remba. Kana dhizaini inokwenenzverwa iri padyo nemadziro panzvimbo yematanho marara, semuenzaniso, matanda emapuranga ekunyanyisa ari padhuze nepamusoro pekukwirisa Kusvikira 380mm.
Ventilation Channel (nzvimbo yekuchengetedza ine chiteshi) inosanganiswa mumapipi ekuvira abviswa pamusoro pedenga remba.
Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemadziro emadziro, zvakadai, zvakashata, zvakakora, inhibitory pamusoro pemusuwo nemawindow akavhurika, tichazotarisa gare gare, pamwe chete nemafurati zvivakwa.
Masvingo emapuranga
Masvingo emapuranga ari kuita zvekuvaka zvivakwa zvakaderera muRussia, ivo vane zvinhu zvakanakisa zvehutsanana uye zvine simba zvekupokana uye kupfupika kupfupika, zvinorwadza kutenderera.
Wooden Pologe imba, ichida huwandu hukuru hwesango rekutanga, anenge makore makumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu, semutemo, wakakandwa uye unouya mukusagadzikana. Kuvakwa kwemidziyo ine matanda akasimba masvingo mumatanda emazuva ano haawanzo. Nekudaro, chishandiso chevhu repiri chine masvingo emapuranga uye zvidhinha zvekutanga-zvinopa mibairo yakanaka.
Mhando dzemadziro emapuranga: Logged yakatemwa, kurohwa, chimiro uye pane iyo, pamwe nemafuremu-shuwa. Chimiro uye madziro anodzvanywa anoshandiswa mune isina kuoma mafekitori aunogadzira uye dzimba dzeminzani. Madziro akasarudzika ekunze ezvivakwa akavakwa muavhareji emakumi matatu anofanirwa kubva pamatanho eanenge aine makore 220mm About-2/3 Log Diameter).
Gungano remagungano (remagungano remadziro log kuburitsa "Pasina" Pasina mapaketi, idzo dzimba dzakanyorwa, dzimba dzenzvimbo dzakasanganiswa uye dzakatogadziriswa pane hwaro hwakagadziridzwa dzinounganidzwa papakeji. Konopath inofanira kutakurwa kaviri: kekutanga paunenge uchiungana. Yechipiri ndeye 1-1,5 makore mushure mekutadza kwekuomesa uye shrinkage matanda. Mutsara wematanda wakarara padhuze neparutivi rweimba inonzi korona. Iyo korona yemumwe neumwe nerubatsiro rweplug-mumapuranga-mumapuranga emapuranga ematare kana hombe chikamu chikamu chiri padanho renzvimbo yeiyo 150-2000MM mune chechikepe chechikepe. Matendere ezvinonhuwira nekuda kwekuomesa matanda anenge 3-5% inofanirwa kuitwa ne 20-30 mm yakadzika kupfuura spike kureba (120-150).
Iyo compound (pairing) yeiyo madziro emadziro uye anotsauka anoitwa uchishandisa imwe mhando yechiuno- "Woblo", "Woblo", "Frying", panzvimbo paizvozvo mamwe emapuranga, akarovererwa panze.
Masvingo emapuranga emapuranga arikubvunza aine mari shoma mari, sezvo mazwi ese, mapakatwa, akakwenenzverwa atoitwa pane mafekitori ekuvaka imba uye anosanganisa. Naizvozvo, munhu wacho anogadzira anogona kutenga uye kuvaka madziro akadaro ari oga.
Iko ukobvu kwemazimbe zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzenzvimbo, ndiko kuti, kubva kune madziro echando ekuwedzera, zvinogamuchirwa kwemadziro ekunze 150 (t = -30C) kana 180 mm (t = -40 c), kune yemukati 100mm, Nekureba kwemabhawa, zvakafanana neyekunze uye yemukati madziro 150 kana 180mm.
Pakati pekorona yebrusiv yakarara iyo yekupisa-insuluulating zvinyorwa - caispacat kubva pacular kana kunzwa. Kubviswa kuri nani kwemvura kubva kune yakasarudzika seam pakati pemabhawa kubva kumusoro mbabvu yebhabhu rimwe nerimwe, 20-30mm upamhi hwabviswa. Stripes of inzwi inofanira kutemwa ne 20mm yakatove yakaenzana yembara. Kuti uderedze kufambidzana pakati pemabhawa, iwe unogona kuronga madhiri, tambo, kuzadza iyo yakadzama fomu. Kuti usimbise korona Saizvozvo, makomputa (zvipembenene) emadziro ekunze mumakona uye nemadziro emukati zvakavakirwa.
Kusiyana neiyo dhigi, madziro ekuvira anounganidzwa mune imwe imba yemigari nekukurumidza pane imwe nheyo dzakagadzirirwa yemhando yenguva dzose. Kuti uvandudze kuchengetedzwa kwemadziro akaputsika kubva pakuparadzwa kwehuni uye kubva kuAutmpheric kuratidzwa, madziro anogona kuoneka kunze kwemabhodhi (diameter 25-40mm) kana kutarisana nezvidhinha (diameter88,12mm). Izvo zvichaita kuti madziro mudzimu, uye aine zvidhina akatarisana uye akawedzera kupisa moto. Moody trim iri nani kuita yakatwasuka, iyo inoita kuti zvive nyore kutariswa. Kusimbirira nemapuranga emapuranga uye simbi beammers.
Iko kunyepedzera uye kuumbwa kweiyo bhuruu uye madziro loggi anofanirwa kuitwa mushure mekunyepedzera kwavo, zvisati zvaitika kupfuura 1-1.55 makore mushure mekuvaka kwavo.
Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvivakwa zvezvivakwa uye zvakadzama dzimba dzemunharaunda zvaigara zvine hunhu hwezvivakwa zvakavakirwa pakutanga kweiyo XXVEK.
Saka, muverengi anodiwa, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvezvisarudzo zvinovaka madziro zvino zvawedzera kujaira.
Iye zvino unogona kutaura nehunyanzvi kune vavaki, vachisarudza mamwe akasiyana emadziro emadziro, achitarisa kufambira mberi kwekuvaka.