Nyaya ine imwe yenzira dzinogona kuitika kuti dzigadzire tarismake mukamuri yeimba yemba yaStalin.
Parizvino, chisikwa chiri mufurati hwechipiri - ATTIC mukamuri yekamuri yeStalinist imba inhambisi chaiyo yemazana emazana ezviuru zvemaguta eRussia. Chinyorwa chedu ndecheimwe yenzira dzinogona kuitika dzekugadzira imba yakadaro.
Tinoda kufanana neaya naGerda
Magamba eiyo Fairy Tale G. H. Andersen "mambokadzi echando" Kai naGire, sezvaunoziva, "akagara mushanyi mumatenga edenga. Oo, sezvandaida muhudiki hwangu zvishoma zvishoma nezvishoma ndinogara mune yakanaka uye kuzivana chete pamabhuku ezvikamu! Zvinosuruvarisa, iye sechigadziri chivakwa chezvekugadzira capitalism yakazonyudzwa zvachose kubva pakuronga kuronga kwehurongwa hwemagariro.Asi kwaive nehutano hunoshamisa! Nechokukwegura njiva, ine fluffy green-ventilation katsi, ine dzimba dzinodziya dzechiedza, kuyerera kuburikidza neWindows Windows, neNyika yekare renhaka, vagari vakachengetwa vakajaira kushomeka.
Iye Munyori pachikuva!
Nhoroondo yakarairwa kuti nzvimbo dzekugara muTail inonzi Attric Zita rainzi French Architect Francois (1598-1666). Chero parisman anozokuudza nezve kutanga kwemasidhi yeiyo tarisari muguta. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti Louis XIV, achitarisira kutendeka kweiyo nhoroondo yeguta, akarambidzwa kuisa kumba. Nekudaro, mutengo wenyika pakati peParis gore gore rimwe nerimwe wakakura kwazvo. Uye ipapo Entercy Bourgeois, achishandisa masimba eDare Architect, akagutsa Louis, kuti kutendeuka kwesimba kune nzvimbo dzekugara hakusi kuvakwa kwesimba idzva. Muna 1635, F. Mansar akabereka kuvakazve kwehumambo hweMambo muLollis, kokutanga kwaive nenzvimbo dzekugara pasi pedenga remba. Zvivakwa zvakadaro zvakazogamuchira zita rake. Zvinosekesa, asi nyaya yacho ine attic zvakare inodzokororwa mushure memakore makumi maviri nemashanu muMoscow.Makore gumi apfuura, mukuru kubva kuHurumende yekuvaka, atove izwi rekuti "Attic", hazvigoneki "(vachipokana nekuramba kwavo neicho iyo tick haina hunhu hwe nhoroondo yekuonekwa kwemaguta eRussia. Zvishoma kusarudzika, semazuva ese, akasimbisa mutemo. Dambudziko rekushomeka kwedzimba rakaedza kugadzirisa kuburikidza nezvivakwa zvitsva zvinodhura. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akachinja nekubuda uye kusimudzira kweiyo estate musika. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, muRussia chete mashura pane imwe pasi yezvivakwa zvevatove zviripo zvinogona kupa zvikamu zvemamirioni. Kutendeuka kwenzvimbo yeimba yeimba yedzimba dzekutanga dzimba dzepamhepo dzekushanda kwemaindasitiri ekugara Nekurongeka kweMayor weMoscow, Yu. M. Luzhkov Dated Chikunguru 2, 1996, N49 / -m "pane Chishandiso Zvivakwa muMoscow" Kuvakwa kweTico " Chiedza cheGreen. Takavandudzwa uye tikatenderwa ne "gadziriro yekuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara yemhando yemhando muMoscow," izvo zvinogadzirwa zvekuvandudza zvevanoita uye varidzi veimba, vakadzora maitiro ekupa zvinyorwa.
MuUSSR, kukura kweiyo nzvimbo yeimba uye kusikwa kweMansard Plories makore gumi nemana apfuura yakatanga kuita timu yeprojekiti pasi pekutungamirirwa kweAcdemician Architecture L. V. Hichlukhi. Nhasi, avo vanoparadzira vavanokoshesa vanokosha veguta uye maneja eRussia vagadziri veimba yeMansard neimba yeimba - yeItalia
Kugadzira maguta emuguta kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuvakazve kweiyo rafter-padenga system yeimba uye kushandisa iripo. Mabasa anogadzirwa pasina kubvisa vagari pamba.
Kuitwa muna 1997 neVelux Kuvaka kwekuvakwa kwechina muLytkarino padyo neMoscow nekuchinja-site Nekuda kweizvozvo, guta rakagamuchira dzimba dzegumi nemapfumbamwe kubva ku44 kusvika ku72 m2 imwe neimwe, iyo iyo yaive 40% yakaderera pane mutengo wezvivakwa zvakafanana muzvivakwa zvitsva.
Munguva yekuedza muguta reLytkarino, mitauro mitatu yakasiyana-siyana yekuvakazve kweVatambi vakafungidzirwa, vakashandurwa kuti vazivikanwe mubatanidzwa, vaviri- uye vatatu-story (1-3). Chinangwa chikuru cheizvi zvese zvaizotsvaga mhinduro inobvumidza iwe kuti uwane nzvimbo yekuwedzera yekuwedzera sezvinobvira. Pamusoro pemisiyano iri mujometry yedenga, inokosha pakubviswa kwezvinhu zvekutanga zveimba, uye inofungidzirwa nezvematanho ekubvisa chidiki chekubvisa uye dhiji ine huwandu hwakanyanya pane mamwe anotsigira erker mudziyo mune dzimba dziri pasi pechiso.
Chii chakachipa: Kuvakazve mukamuri yekamuri kana kutenga idzva mbiri-level-level imba? Ehe, kuvakazve. Wadii kutenga imba yakachipa pasi pedenga uye kuti usatenge chikamu chechipiri - chisikwa chisingaiti? Chokwadi, kana paine madziro nedenga, izvo zvinodikanwa zvekushandurwa hazvigone kudhura kupfuura madziro makuru akakomberedzwa, anowira pasi, marata, "padenga" uye denga. Ehe, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yefurati, mapoka edzimba, misika conjuntures. Nekudaro, kuvakwa uku neyechipiri-level mudziyo muTail ichakubhadhara iwe avhareji yeChitatu yakachipa kupfuura imba itsva yenzvimbo imwechete. Kekutanga munhoroondo yeiyo Real Estate kesi, kuda kwekugara kwacho kwakaoneka mumapuranga ekupedzisira edzimba dzesta.
Maviri-Story Steepness
Iko kushandurwa kwenzvimbo yemamiriro ezvinhu muAptic uchishandisa maRafers aripo, majasi uye matenga edenga anovimbisa kwazvo. Nenzira iyi, boka rekuvaka reRusarari-yeRussia. Tymboal matambudziko ekuvakazve kwetarish uye nenzira dzakaratidzwa dzevvumo yavo, isu tichatarisa muenzaniso unotevera.
Kuronga mhinduro. Iyi yaive ttic isati yakavhomverwa kupihwa? Mapariki emapurazi mazhinji anobva pamigi akasungwa nemabhureki, masimba ekumhanya, anotsigira njiva, akafukidzwa muzvipfeko zvezvipfeko, akafukidzwa nejasi ", anotwirwa mumakona .
Architect v. E. Loskusov uye Designer A. Yu. Zakhoevayev mufananidzo uyu hauna kutya. Sarudzo dzekuronga uye dzakakura-spatial dzakaitwa nevanoda kuronga kufarira kwevagari vezvivakwa zvishanu, makumi ezviuru akaiswa mushure mehondo maererano nehondo. Iyo yekugara nzvimbo yakagadzirwa neArcitectts iri imba, iyo yechipiri chikamu chiri munzvimbo yemamiriro ezvinhu. Nzvimbo yepasi pane yepasi pasi yefurati (85 m2) yakabatana neiyo ATTIC (42 M2) yeMashavo-Screw Staircase. Zvakafanana tiltic mukamuri yeimba yeimba iyi haisi. Chinangwa chevagadziri ndechekupa vagari venguva yemberi huwandu hwepamoyo pane zvishoma zvekuvakazve mari. Kuwedzeredza pasi pepasi peparara kunoitwa kunyanya kugadzira meseji iri nyore neimba. Chikamu chemadziro kubva kudivi rekamuri yekugara yakagadzirwa concave, vachiumba hombe semi-yega niche, iyo yaisanganisira masitepisi anotungamira. Kuti uchengetedze nzvimbo, inogadzirwa pane yakamiswa pini inotsigira (yakakura), nekuda kweiyo inotaridzika nyore uye compact. Yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemukati, masitepisi akashaikwa. Iyo teti rectangle yakakamurwa neiyo diagonally inowanikwa muzvikamu zviviri, kune vana, hofisi, chimbuzi uye pantry inowanikwa.
Evgeia Kondratieva,
Yuri MarghaShshov. Mumapfumo 90s, mapiyona ekutendeuka muimba yekugara yakasununguka yakaunganidzwa nemitsara matsva, zvisingabvumirani nezvipingamupinyi zvekare uye zvakatounganidzwa nyowani yehurumende itsva. Kuti adzorere madutu ese uye kuti aunze nyaya yacho kusvika kumagumo aigona kungova fanati. Vanofarira verudo rweupenyu mumakore mune cozy turtic, yakashandurwa kubva kune yakasviba. Mune ino kesi, kune marudzi ese ehunhu hwehusiri hwechinyakare dzimba; Sezvineiwo nemagetsi edenga mudenga, ane simba anovhurika kubva mumatanda emapuranga, emahara etwe, etc., akarohwa "kuti agadzire iyo bucolic mamiriro ezvinhu ane akasiyana siyana ekumaruwa.
Kuumbwa kweDiagonal kweMoortoor yeTail yakasimbisa mashandiro eiyo staircase mukugadzirwa uye kuvaka uye kugadzira gwara. Madziro ekamuri yevana yave fenzi steal. Bhuku rinowanikwa mune niche pamusoro payo. Paive nemukana wekuti "kunyengera" nenzvimbo yakapoteredza, ichisimbisa nzvimbo yevarwere yakavakwa, iyo Wardrobe (mukamuri yevana) uye pantry. Diagonal Zoning Partly Fungidziro-Valbo uye kudiwa kwekuisa imba yekugezera mukona yeimba yekugezera, "yakasungirirwa" kune imwe nzvimbo pazasi pemusha. Mukuwirirana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza moto mumadziro eaimbove tarissi, yekubuda nekukurumidza kune sero site.
Kusimbisa madhiri. Substropical matanda (anomhanya) akatumirwa pamakwenzi, ekare zvidhinha zvezvidhinha zvakabviswa uye zvakaiswa steel redhite neyekuchinjika chikamu chegumi nemaviri emapurazi emapurazi akatsiviwa nevatsva. Matanda akajekeswa akasviba uye akabatanidzwa nekuchengetedza mvura-inopararira mvura, yakaburitsa kurapa kwemoto yezvivakwa zvese zvematanda. Simbi mabhureki akasara munzvimbo, achibvisa denderedzwa rengura.
Simba rekusimbisa kubva kune yakakura bar Injiniya M. M. Fursv sezvaiita kunge inonetesa, uye mugadziri haana kuwana ivo vanonzwira tsitsi. Naizvozvo, pachinzvimbo chemapuranga chakaiswa simbi kusimbiswa kwesimbi kubva pane simbi simbi ine gobvu ye1,5 mm, inodhonzwa neBolts, asi yakaiswa hafu yemamita kumusoro.
Sergey Erofeev (St. Petersburg)
Decator
Oleg Fedorov. Ndege dzakavharwa, saka kushingairira kuumba hunhu hwekugara kweMadal, kunogona kududzirwa mumadziro akasiyana, kuti usarudze muparara, - Cheka Wallpaper mune yakafara ruva kana strip kana kuona sedenga risingawanzo. Uyezve zvaunoda zvinopihwa kune chena rusiyane kana, pane zvinopesana, kuwirirana pamwe neruvara rwemadziro. Mansard Windows inowanikwa yakakwira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye dhonza semigwagwa yeAnti-ndege inovhenekera iyo yepamusoro yekamuri yepamoyo kutenderedza mukamuri. Sezvinobudirira kuwedzera kune spatial yemukati mhinduro, kusiyanisa musanganiswa wemavara anoshandiswa.
Kuyambuka. Inter-Storey inodarika uko masitepisi anoitwa, anoramba asina kuchinjika. Mudzimba dzakavakwa mumakumi mashanu, zvigadzikiso zvigadzikiso zvine masisitimu akarasikirwa Dranco nemusango, uye pasi pevatambi vanosiyana pakadzika, dzimba dzekusimba, uye kwete marara ekuvaka, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji. Kubva parutivi rwechikamu chechikamu chekusiya chakabviswa, isa mamwe mabara, pamusoro pavo - zvimwe zvakakwana zvekupisa zvinhu zvekunze "eaudzoka". Iyo inovhara matanda aive akasungirirwa kune mvura plywood masheets yakafukidzwa ne eurofloor laminate.
Insulation. Pasi pedenga pacharo, makanga mune zvikamu zviviri zvematare emvura polyethyle firimu ine gobvu ye 0,15 mm ine zvipikiri zvidiki. Inotevera inotevera inesularing layer yemu mineral rockwool (10 cm gobvu) yakanga yakabatanidzwa kune iyo plumbing matanda emapuranga, ichishumira kupisa-kuratidzira uye kuputira kuunganidza "penefol".
Mukufanana nekugadzira kwe "padenga reimba", basa rakaitwa pakuvakwa kwemadziro emamonzo uye nekuvhenekera kwavo kwemhepo. Chimiro chemadziro chakagadzirwa neyegumi-centimeter mota, nzvimbo iri pakati pemabhawa yakazadzwa neRombowoo Mineral Wool Mahwendefa e "Eau" insulation.
Paziva rekupedzisira remadziro, madziro akagadzirwa nemapurasituru emashiti eTigi-knau, putty uye pendi. Mugadziri wacho waida kurerekera kwerudzi rwegrey grey yemadziro anowirirana neyechisikigo yematanda emapuranga uye mapuranga emawindo.
Svetlana Belosheikina. Iyo tarissi yeimba yekamuri ine mamiriro akakosha pamusoro pekuvakazve kweiyo yakajairika imba: iyo nhamba yezvivakwa zvekutakura zvidiki. Racks, kupatsanurana uye matanda eiyo resiti system haatore mraba akawanda, nekudaro achipa madhiri ekugadzira kugona kugadzira nzvimbo imwechete yakazadzwa nemhepo uye mwenje. Masvingo emadziro anotumbuka-tambo, "yakabvaruka" windows ne lug-ons-ons, mukati mavo pachavo chinhu chakasimba chakasimba kugadzira nzvimbo. MuRegoro dzakakura uye makona emuchato wefurati, kukwidziridzwa kwemhando yepamusoro, kwakaratidzwa zviyero zvezvinhu uye kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinodiwa chete zvinopa chitoro chekare chazvino.
Denga uye denga. Vabati veLocky: Ongororo yedenga yakaratidza kuti mwenje uye ichangobva kuiswa padenga rebanda rebumbiro haridi kutsiva nekunyanyisa. Zvaifanira kungoiswa chisimbiso chekuwedzera pamapepa emapepa nemakomba madiki ane chibvumirano. Zvekupindirana kweiyo frifter system mugedhi chikamu chedenga, maburi e80 x 25 cm akaitwa.
Urongwa hweTail hwakasikwa neese zvido zveMutengi uye zvinoenderana nemimwe mikana yekuvakazve kwenzvimbo yekatiki. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti paramita dzekureba kwechikamu chemadziro emadziro uye angle yekuda kwedenga rakabatana. Kukwidziridzwa kwakakurudzirwa kwemadziro ekusimuka pasi peiyo denga rakatsikwa mune makumi matatu kusvika pamhepo yakatwasuka yeanosvika 1.5 M, muna 45 - 1,1 ,2 Pamakona edenga. Mukuwedzera, zvaive zvakafanira kuti ufunge nezve zviripo zvekutaurirana - mhepo, kupisa uye kushambidza uye kushambadza.
- Iyo tict ndiyo nzvimbo pakati pezvikamu zvedenga, madziro ekunze uye kudarika kwesimba repamusoro.
- Attic - nzvimbo dzekugara munzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze pasi pedenga remhepo. Kugadziriswa kwake kunotema kubvunzurudzwa kwemakamuri.
- Hazvina mhosva kuti zvakanyatsonongedzerwa sei uye zvakadzivirirwa kubva pamigumisiro yedenga, inonyanya kutarisirwa pachiitiko chezuva, mhepo, mvura uye chando. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa zvemuchero "padenga" nemahwindo muiri.
Kona yedenga reimba iri makumi matatu, panguva ino, vagadziri vakasarudza kukwirira kwemadziro 1.3 m kuKufuka Kwakareba muKamuri 2.23 m uye upamhi hwekamuri 5.9 m. The Muverengi akafungidzira kuti kune vakuru vanoderera kuti denga rive rakaderera, kutanga kurudyi - kutanga pane zvese, zvakafanotaurwa uye zvakagadzirwa, kunyange muhowa remakamuri rinoitwa sehofisi yemusoro wemhuri.
Iyo yakawanda-level-level ceilings yepasi yepasi yefurati yakafunga kuita kubva kune yakaderera-mutengo pletiboard yeTigi-Knauf, iyo yakanamatira kune yekare, asi ichiri kumisikidzwa. Mushure mekunge chifukidzo uye pendi ceilings nemadziro eFinnish pendi Tikkurila, iyo furati yakatanga kutaridzika kwemazuva ano uye yakatsiga.
Imba yekugezera. Kuendeswa kweimba yekugezera kubva kunharaunda kuenda kunzvimbo - basa, sezvaunoziva, uye muchivakwa chakawanda-chivakwa chinenge chisingaiti, sekuvaka kwemapepa ekuona pamusoro pezvibayiro zvekugara zvinorambidzwa. Naizvozvo, pane yakaderera chikamu chakasiya chimbuzi uye imba yekugezera yavanopihwa kune muvaki, - mu equation kubva kuimba yekurara, vana nekicheni. Yakaiswa Finnish plumbing, pasi uye madziro akapatsanurwa nemakhi eItaly. Imba yekugezera iri paiyo aimbova Attic yaive yakananga pamusoro padziva mumafurati pazasi. Izvo zvaingodiwa kuti uwedzere kushowa kwemusuru uye kuunza mapapu mapipi.
Maxim Orlovsky
(Arthur Vanuni Studio). Anofona muAptic anopa iye anogara achinzwira tsitsi kune imba yakapesana padenga reguta. (Advestatative Low pakarepo kuvhara Carlson.) Mararamiro echitunha, iyo isingagare ichibva mumahwindo evanopesana, uye semhedzisiro inokonzeresa yemukati isina kujairika fenicha nemavara anopenya. Kugara mune imwe imba inoshamisa, iwe unogona kubhadhara zvisingawanzoitika munzvimbo dzechinyakare dzeimba yekutandarira, kicheni kana yekurara kwedzimba dzakajairwa. Kuwanda kwechiedza uye kukwirira kusingaenzaniswi kwekamuri kunova vabatsiri veiyo mugadziri uye mugadziri mune zvemukati mesangano.
Ventilation uye kupisa. Dambudziko remhepo nyowani mumhepo yekugezera rakasarudzwa nehupfumi uye nenzira yakakodzera, vachiita kuti ventylation neyekubuda kweiyo mhepo yekufambisa mune yekare isingachinjiki chimney. Kazhinji, chikamu cheanenge makumi mashanu muzana emitengo inokonzerwa nekuvandudzwa uye kugadzirisa, uye mamiriro ekutongwa, ugaro hwacho hwakasvitswa neyakajairwa maviri-tiiari.
Iyo nzira yemutengo mina yekuvira inoitwa kuburikidza neyakaitika temberi yakachinja nekuvabatanidza kuti vataure zvakafanana. Mumba kubva post-nguva yehondo, chivakwa chisingachinjiki kubva kune dzimwe nguva dziri kushanda dzinopfura dzakachengetedzwa. Mumwe wavo aigara achibvisa maviri ekuwedzera mhepo yekuvhuvhuta mhepo - kicheni hood uye yakamanikidzwa kuchimbuzi ventilation mune iyo tilation. Pazasi, mukamuri repabhi, iyo nzvimbo yemoto inowanikwa. Yayo pombi, ichizviparadzanisa makubhiti gumi nemashanu emaminerari emakungwa eLowool, akaunza kuimba yedenga. Nzira dzekumusoro dzegadziriro yekudziya yakabviswa ipapo.
Hwindo. Mwaranzi yezuva rezuva anogadzira nzira yavo kuburikidza nehurefu hwekunzwa hwindo rasara munzvimbo imwe chete, asi yakakura. Pakutanga, usati wavakwa, yaive yakakwirira zvishoma kupfuura kusaziva kwekusimudzira kwekudzokorora uye kwaive kushoma. Kuti uwane nzvimbo yepahwindo kuti iwedzere, uye chikamu chepazasi cheyero kune zviyero zvakagara patafura uye munhu akamira akanyorerwazve kuHunesiticture, yaingodiwa kutora chete kuti utore pawindo pamberi pehafu yemamita. Muhofisi yakaiswa isingadhuri, asi iyo yakakwira-mhando yemhando yeCenith Zenith Window yeItaly Company Tegola Canadse. Pakutanga akasarudza kushandisa mhando yakasanganiswa yemwenje, kunyangwe maitiro enzvimbo dzekusununguka akavhurika pasi pasi pehukama hunorangana kuakajairana (1:10).
Zvishongedzo zvekushongedza
| Rudzi rwebasa | Kamuri | Zvigadzirwa | Nhamba muUN. Shanduko | Mutengo we $. | |
| zvikamu. Shanduko | General | ||||
| Kupedzisa maficha | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pasi | Sanusel | Floor ceramic tile vitra, 30 x 30 cm | 6 M2. | makumi matatu | 180. |
| Mucheche, kabhawa | Eurofloor Parket Laminate | 35 m2. | 25. | 775. | |
| madziro | Sanusel | Wall caramic tile vitra, 20 x 25 cm uye 20 x 20 cm | 12 m2. | 35. | 420. |
| Water-Level WaterProof Paint Lemonti Ast Form Tikkurila | 12 m2. | shanu | 60. | ||
| Mucheche, kabhawa | Water-Contriant WaterProof Paint Pendi Harmon Kambani Tikkurila | 120 m2 | 3. | 360. | |
| Ceigings | Sanusel | Kunyorova-zvinodzivirira plasterboard tiga-knauf uye mvura-inodzivirira mvura yekupenda kure kure kusimbisa tikkurila | 17 m2. | makumi maviri | 340. |
| Zorora | Gypsum carton tiga-knauf uye mvura-inopesana nemvura inodzivirira kupenda pendi takasimba tikkurila | 115 M2. | 17. | 1955. | |
| Kuisirwa kwezvivakwa | |||||
| Mikova | Mukati Masaard | Finnish Beech | 2 PC. | 150. | 300. |
| hwindo | imba yekugara | Mansard Zenith. | 1 Pc. (1 m2) | 450. | 450. |
| Indoor Indoor Floor | Purasitiki neKufamba kweGirazi Girazi (Belgium) yekambani "Mostplast" | 1 Pc. (2 m2) | 180. | 180. | |
| Window Sills | Indoor Indoor Floor | Lamarated chipboard | 2 P / M | gumi neshanu | makumi matatu |
| Zvikamu | Sanusel | Kunyoroveswa-kuramba plasterboard tigi-knauf | 10 m2. | 35. | 350. |
| Zorora | Gypsum carton tii-knauf | 110 m2 | makumi matatu | 3300. | |
| madziro | Nzvimbo dzeMarnardes | Gypsum carton tiga-knauf, ursa insulation | 43 M2 | 48. | 2064. |
| "Roofing Pie" | Nzvimbo dzeMarnardes | Plasterboard, Rockwool insulation, minvata cJSc | makumi mashanu | 55. | 2750. |
| Huwandu: | 13514. |