Kushongedza Stucco Plaster, Variosystems uye yakarongedzwa pendi: Zvazviri, chiyero chekushandisa, tekinoroji yebasa, mitengo.
Mufananidzo: Zinur Outdins
Mufananidzo: Zinur Outdins
Mufananidzo: Evgeny Luchin
Mufananidzo: Evgeny Luchin
Kwemakore 6-7 apfuura, zvinhu zvakawanda zvekupedzesa zvitsva zvakaonekwa mumusika weRussia wezvivakwa zvekuvaka, pakati pekushongedza koshingi, kugadzira menochromatic kana multicolor embossed nzvimbo. Vanyatsofunga nezvazvo.
Kuti zvive zvekumusoro pendi kana rakarukwa pamusoro, rinofanira kunyatsoenderana: nekuti kunyange zvidiki zvidiki zvegumi kana kuomarara kuchaonekwa. Vanhu vakazvinzwisisa kwenguva yakareba uye vakasarudza kuumba chinhu chakakosha chekupedza zvinyorwa kune yekupedzisira gayer; Aifanira kutora, pane rumwe rutivi, uye kune rimwe nzvimbo, raizovanza marara madiki, kuremara uye kusakwana kwemasvingo. Kuedza kwekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwakatorwa mamwe makore makumi mashanu apfuura. Asi muna 1994 chete, musika weRussia wakawira uye nekukurumidza akagamuchira kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvekupedza kweTurmar Grubu - Bayramix, iyo iri musanganiswa weAcrylic binder ine ruvara rwemarble crumb. Shure kwake, nhamba huru yezvinhu zvakafanana zvinopedza zvekupedza zvakaonekwa mukutengesa, izvo zvakasanganiswa pasi pezita rimwe chete - plaster yekushongedza, kunyange vazhinji vavo havasi "chaiyo" plaster chaiyo. Kana tangovadaidza kuti: "Plasters" mbiri ", uye dzakasiyana-siyana" dzakabikwa ", uye neshoko rakaoma" stukko ".
Kuti uzive kuti zvazvinoreva chaizvo, zvichafanira kutarisa muGerman, Anglo- Dums-Russian madimikira. Mhedzisiro yacho ichimutaura: putz (iye.), Plaster (Chirungu) uye stucco (ial.) - Iyi mitauro mitatu iyo izwi rimwe chete uye pfungwa, kureva. Kuonekwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemashoko aya mumatare emafemu mumabiko muzvishandiso (semuenzaniso, pletister mune yeDutch vhezheni kana "Plaster" muRussia) isingabudisike uye isina chinangwa yekukwereta. Kunyangwe mune tarisiro, makambani anogona kuwanikwa mitsara inotevera: "Yemukati, yakarongedzwa uye yakagadzirwa uye zvinyorwa zvekushongedza". Misiyano iyo inoda kusimbisa nenzira iyi ndeye yakanyanya mamiriro. Tarisa uone maduramazwi akangwara. Chimiro chinoreva chimiro, chishandiso chemukati, kubva kuLat. Fructura - nzvimbo, chimiro. Kuumbwa ndicho chimiro (chakasimba, huni, dombo, semuenzaniso, chimiro chehuni imhando yepanyama yehuni mune mamiriro ezvinhu), kubva kuLATH. Nyora - TEXILE, kubatana, kubatana. Kuumbwa ndiko kusarudzika kwezvinhu zviri kugadziriswa, zvaro (semuenzaniso, huni dzemukati, marable chimiro), kubva mairi. Faktura naL Lat. Factura - kuita.
Saka pane zviratidzo zvakaoma zvakasiyana zvezvipfuyo zvakavakirwa pane izvi pfungwa, zvionoomera. Asi sezvo vatorwa, vagadziri vezvishandiso zvavo, vamwe mazwi ekutsikisa anoshandiswa, uye vashanduri vane imwezve kududzirwa, vanobva vatengesa mapuranga ekushongedza vanomanikidzwa kutsvaga tsananguro yavo yekupfupisa. Kazhinji vanoti izvi: "Iyo yakarongedzwa plaster iri nyore kugadzirisa nekuwedzera dhayi kana kungoita pendi, nepo zvisingagone kuzviita nezvimisikidzwa." Imwe vhezheni yekududzira: "Kana uchishandisa zvimisikidzo zvimisikidzo, zororo rekumusoro rinoumbwa semhedzisiro yekushanda kwakakosha, uye chimiro chacho chakaumbwa mushure mekunyorera." Asi izwi rekuti "kugoverana kwematura" richangobva kunyangarika kubva pakushandisa.
Pane zvese izvi zvisingatsanangurire kududzirwa uye nekuvhara zvine mazwi, mhedziso inoshanda inogona kuitwa: ivo havagone kukundwa nemashiripiti emashoko ekunze - ivo vanopfeka, panzvimbo pavanenge vachishambadzira. Kuti unzwisise zvinonyangadza mhando yerudzi rwekushongedza, zvine musoro kuti udzikise zvinonyatso tsanangurira izvo "kuunganidza" mumazita "mumazita anotangira: Semubatanidzwa" kumurova "," Mosesi "," pasi jasi rekuvisa "," roller "," ngura ". Ivo, sekutonga, havatauri chete nezvechitarisiko chakakonzerwa nechepamusoro, asi zvakare nezvenzira yekushandisa kana kuunganidza zvinyorwa. Kufunga nezve zvataurwa pamusoro, isu tinotendeukira kune kuongorora kwezvinhu zvakananga. Asi pakutanga kunatswa zvishoma: mune ramangwana, isu tinongofunga nezvezvishongedzo zvekushongedza zvinowanzodaidzwa kunzi "zororo" - nerubatsiro rwavo pamusoro pechiso, zororo rinooneka rinoonekwa (kusiyana nekutaura, kubva ku yakanyatsogadzikana venetian plaster). Zvinoenderana nezvivakwa, ivo (zvisinei, chete zvakakamurwa kuita "zvinonyatso shongedza mapuranga" - Zvishandiso Zvinogadzira Chidimbu (1-6 Mm) Kupedzisa "- IZVI ZVINOGONESESA ZVAKAWANDA (1 -1.5 mm), uye "Variosystems".
Saka chii chinonzi "yekushongedza yakakundwa plaster"?
Izvo zvinosanganisira: A) chimwe chinhu chinobuda - kazhinji kazhinji chiri chiyero chechiSynthetic (chinogona kunge chiri muchimiro chekupararira kana mhinduro); b) Diller; c) dzakasiyana siyana dzekuwedzera dzakadai solvent, thickener, anochengetedza, hydrophobic (mvura-yekudzokorora) zvinhu, antisectics uye zvinhu zvehupfumi. Nemhando yeiyo Binder Element, plaster yekushongedza inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: Zvigadzirwa pane zvemukati uye zvisiri-zvakaringana. Uye kunze kwaizvozvo, ivo vakasiyana muzvinyorwa zvefirita, nzira yekunyorera uye kugadzira iyo nzvimbo yepasi. Asi zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.Hwaro hwekushongedza hwakamonyanisa plaster . Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda pane zvisina-pachena hwaro uve neye epoxy resins uye polyurethanes seinosunga zvinhu. Zvakanakira zvavo zvinosanganisira yakakwira kupfeka kuramba kwejasi, kupokana nehasha media, simba uye kuderedza kwakanaka pachigadziko. Mapuranga ekushongedza pane epoxy hwaro anoshandiswa chete emabasa emukati chete, asi maPolyurethane kuumbwa kunogona kuyamwa kumusoro uye mukati uye kunze kwenzvimbo. Mushure mekushandisa nekuoma, kushongedza plasterthane uye epoxy muviri zvigadziro hazvitsigirwe. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti kana uchipiswa pamusoro pegumi nemashanu, iyo inopa iyo yezvinhu, inotanga kuora kwezvinhu zvine chepfu, makomisheni ane chlorine, uye polyurethane - cyanides) .
Panyaya iyi, mapuranga emvura ekushongedza mari yakachengeteka zvakanyanya: mapuranga akabatanidza mavari, kuora, usaburitse zvinhu zvine muchetura. Nekudaro, idzi plasters dzine zvarairo zvaro: Kutanga kwezvose - kudzikisa kupisa kupesana, ndiko kuti, hazvigone kuiswa kune nzvimbo dzinopisa kwazvo (anopfuura 65-90 ° C), semuenzaniso, mvura yekudziya kwemvura. Zvinhu zvinowanzoitika zvinosungirwa zvemvura-zvakavakirwa mapuranga ndezvemvura Acrylic, styrene acrylic, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) uye butadiene-styrene kupararira. Coatings zvichienderana neAcrylic Kupararira kweiyo rack kune Ultraviolet riys uye tembiricha kusvika 90c; Ivo vanoratidzwa nemuperembudzi akanaka ekufungidzira uye kusungirirwa pamusoro; Ivo vane zvakanakisa zvekupokana, kunyangwe mune ino paramende yakaderera kune butadiene-styrene uye styrene acrylic yekuzvarwa. STYRENE-Acrylic yeCoatings inotambarara yemvura, kurwisa kwakashata uye kurwisa kwakakura kuUltravioli, asi pakudziya kweanopfuura 65C tanga kusimuka. Butadiene-Styrene Kupararira ane iyo yepamusoro-soro yekunyorova, tendeuka yero, zvakare pakudziya kweanopfuura 65c uye usave nemuto wekuputika. Zvakanaka, uye kuungana kwakavakirwa paPolyvinyl Acetate Kupararira kwacho kushoma kuparadzaniswa, zvakanaka vapende kuwanda, kurwisa kupenya kwezuva uye kupisa kwezuva kusvika ku0C.
Vafiridzi . NaVayaMineral Vafashoni vezvishongedzo zvakamonyorwa, mamiriro acho ari nyore - iwo matatu marudzi makuru. Iyi imarble, granite uye quartz crumb kana musanganiswa wayo. Saizi yemakungwa emakona anogona kusiyana muhuremu hwakasiyana: kubva pa0.5 kusvika 4-5 mm. Mune ino kesi, izvo zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirwa mune dzinoverengeka embodilimes ane dzakasiyana-siyana crumbbs. Zviri muropa kuti saizi yayo isingabatanidzike chete kutaridzika uye degree rekusunungurwa kwemusoro, asi zvakare zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu: zvakanyanya, iyo yakakwira chiyero chinoyerera. Zvakakodzera kucherechedza kuti plases yekushongedza neyakakura grances inokodzera kushandisa kwekupedzisira kupedzisa, pavanotarisa nzvimbo dzakadai. Saizvozvo chimiro chinoonekwa, chinofanira kuve neyakawandisa. Pane kusapindirana, zvinhu zvine chidimbu chidiki chezvimedu zvakakodzera kupedzisa zvivakwa zvemukati - iyo nzvimbo ichave isinganyanyi kubudirira.
Izvozvi zvakakodzera kutaura zvimiro zveumwe neumwe wevakadzika.
Quartz crumb ine avhareji yekudyidzana ine polymer binder, yakatsiga, inoshatisa yakamira uye inokwenenzverwa.
Iyo marble crumb ine ane makore akanaka ane polymer, zvisinei, kuramba kwayo kuhondo uye kukwenya kwakaderera. Zviyo zvezvakarukwa zvemarble zvine nzvimbo yakaoma.
Mucheche weGranite zvakare ane nzvimbo yakaoma, pakati nepakati nePolymeric Binders, kuramba kwakanaka kune brasion uye kukwenya.
Pamusoro pemaminerari mafirita, polymeric granules inogona zvakare kushandiswa muzvishongedzo zvekushongedza (Corail Collater Company Somerform) kana Silk Fils
Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzekushongedza dzakashongedzwa
| Hwaro hwezvinhu | Pasi mukati mevarwi zvivakwa | Madziro nemadziro emukati: | Mazita ezvivakwa | Mhosva yezvivakwa | Upamhi hwepamusoro, ne | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mune mbishi | mune yakaoma | |||||
| Epoxy | . + | . + | . + | Kusvika pa140. | ||
| Polyurethan | . + | . + | . + | . + | Kusvika pa140. | |
| Acrylic | - | . + | . + | Kusvika 90. | ||
| Styrene Acrylic | - | . + | . + | . + | . + | Kusvika 65. |
| Rusiria | - | . + | . + | . + | Kusvika 65. | |
| Polyvinila acetate | - | - | . + | - | - | Kusvika 90. |
Application : "" "" yakakurudzirwa, "inobvumirwa," - "isina kushandiswa.
Ko nzvimbo dzakabikwa sei dzinogadzira?
Nenzira yekuumba mufananidzo pane nzvimbo, mapuranga ekushongedza anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu makuru. Yekutanga inosanganisira mapuranga, iyo dhizaini pane iyo inoiswa neiyo "nzira yekuratidza", semuenzaniso, roller, banga repakati, brushes, brushes, mutsvairo kana neminwe.Semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, iyo Kyryt-Rachyt-rae nzvimbo dzekushongedza Kyvyt-Rachyt-Ravyt-Rae Company Tikkurila (Gerland), Germany), SPS-Rollputz Firm Sps (Netherlands) uye ivo vakafanana.
Boka rechipiri rakakura riri plaster rine hushoma hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemahara emaminerari filer uye iyo yekuumba mamiriro zvichienderana ne "nzira yekubatanidzwa". Mushure mekunyorera kumadziro, misa yakadzvanywa ne spatula kana kuyamwisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhirowa rinoonekwa pamadziro nekuda kwekufamba kunoenderana neyekufemera zviyo: A) muchimiro cheGrooves uye maCiller granules ane chimiro chakatenderedzwa; b) Kukanda kana "ndebvu" - kana zviyo zvemubhadharo zvakashata uye zvine chimiro chisina kujairika. Izvi zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika Stroykomplik (Russia), Plastone toni yakasimba "plastone" (Russia). Zvakanaka, pane imwezve boka rakakura kwazvo rekushongedza mapuranga (pamusoro peiye anonzi "mavara" anoiswa nesplay spatula, rolly kana kupfira pasina kana kusaswa neyekutevera neyekutsvedza. Panguva imwecheteyo, pamusoro, zvichienderana nezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa, zvinova monophonioni kana multicolor. Imwe yedzidzo dzekushandisa zvibodzwa dzakadaro ndedzekupfira nemidziyo yehunyanzvi pneumatic. Zvinodhura zvakanyanya, uye kazhinji vanoshandisa nyanzvi. Dzimwe nguva zvinoita sekuti nzira yakadai yekuvhara iri nyore kwazvo, zvisinei, kushandisa kwayo zvine hunyanzvi mapepa akasiyana-siyana mumidziyo yemapsumatic zvichienderana nehukuru hwehukuru hwemahara. Mitemo yekudzvanywa kudzvanywa uye kuyerera kwemhepo, iyo pamwe chete inopa iyo yakakwana yekushandisa maitiro uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Aya ma parameter anogadzira anowanzo tungamira pane zvigadzirwa zvekutakura.
Kushongedza Variosystems
Zvishongedzo zvekupedza zvekuparadza, izvo zvakagamuchira zita re "Variosystems" kubva kuVagadziri, vakafanirwa nekufunga. Musiyano wavo mukuru kubva pakushongedza mapuranga ndewekuti ivo vane zvikamu zvinoverengeka izvo zvinowanzoitika zvinogara zvichishandiswa pamusoro pekugadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, kuendesa kweiyo Capachloclock's yekushongedza miykisheni (germany) ine mapepa ekushambadzira glue capach-machira-chips uye midziyo ine turnarlock capachlock Nguva pfupi yadarika, mimwe mimwe mimwe midziyo yakaonekwa mukutengeswa. Izvi, semuenzaniso, Jobiloc Chips System (Germany), Multicolor Spekory Coatlok Spotlok, Lumbinence Zvinyorwa Fin Fitome (Finico
Kushanda navo kunowanzoitwa mumatanho matatu. Kutanga, kuumbwa kwegwenzi kunoiswa nebrashi, roller kana kupfira, pasina mirira kuomesa, pneumatic pistol pistol) chips kana kuti yakavhara zvachose. Zvekunakisa zviri nani, nekuoma, maruva anokandirwa nejira rabha. Mushure mekufa kwegwenzi, rolling kana kupfira kunoiswa kune yekupedzisira lacquer yekuvhara, iyo inopa zvinhu zvine upfuse kupfeka zvinopfeka uye kugona kugeza. Zvichida chete kusagadzikana kwejasi rekushongedza kwakadaro nderekuti mushure mekushandisa varnish, nzvimbo dzakarongwa dzinogara ku "kufema".
Mamwe ma decorative makasteraystems
| Firm | Mako. | Poshichikamu | 2. chikamu | 3. chikamu | ONA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuvaka kuoma | "Schyatozer-Colirophil" | Glue | Zvipfuyo zvakawanda | Acrylic lacquer | Zvikamu zvinoshandiswa zvinotevedzana |
| Caaparol | Capachlock Vario system | Capachlock | Capachlock-chip. | Capachlock-kupedzisa | « |
| Jobho | JobhoFlooc. | Jobitifantiloc-grandchieht. | Jobitiffloc-chip. | JobiFloc-kupedzisa | « |
| Sofrmap | Lumince II. | Lumbinence-base. | Lumbince-flakes. | Lumince vernis. | « |
| Helios. | Spektra DoMOFLOK. | Domoflok base | DOMOFLOK-LELDD | Domoflok-Varnish | 2nd uye 3rd zvikamu zvakasanganiswa |
Denda rekushongedza pendi
Zvakanaka, uye kuti upedzise kutarisisa kwekushongedza kwekuparadza kwejasi, zvakafanira kunyatsofananidza rimwe boka rezvishandiso izvo zvinonzi "pendi dzekushongedza-decural". Ivo vakasiyana kubva kune vakajairwa pendi high density uye viscosity. Iyo pendi yekunyora inoiswa nebrashi, roller kana kupfira nehurefu (1-1.5 mm) layer, uye nekubatsirwa kweanokosha anokanda, dhizaini yaunoda yakapihwa.
Pano, ngatiti zvinopfuura chimwe chilyly: Granite, marble uye Quart Uye kune masisitimu umo chinhu chinosungirwa uye filler chinopihwa mumapakeji akasiyana, uye usati washandisa zvavanoda kusanganisa, kusarudza chikamu chekuravira kwavo. Semuenzaniso, kiresi adms system inogona kutaurwa, inosanganisira mudziyo une binder kubva kune styrene resins uye marble crumb boarding pairating.
Pamusoro pekugadzirira
Nzvimbo yacho inofanira kunge ichishungurudzika, yakaoma uye yakachena, isina miti yekiri, mafuta uye silicones, isina kukosha uye yakaremara (inopfuura 2-4 mm). Dzinenge dzese mafemu mukurondedzerwa kwemasangano ekugadzirira mashandiro ehurongwa hwekutanga chikamu chezvakagadziriswa zvezvakadzika, izvo, pane rimwe divi, uye kune rimwe, gadzira mamiriro ezvinhu zviri nani kushamwaridzana kwekushongedza plaster nemadziro.Yakawanda sei "jira remurumbi" remadziro?
Mitengo yemhino yekupedza yekushongedza zvinhu zvakakosha, asi yakaiswa mumhando yeanenge $ 1.2 kusvika $ 8-10 pa kilogiramu. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoyerera kubva ku1 kusvika ku6 kg pa mita mita - saizvozvo, mutengo wekushongedza mita mita inowedzera. Iyo yakaderera yekushandiswa kwezvinhu muzvikamu zve "semuenzaniso, kune" Tsvene-coloroflock "chiyero chekuyerera cheVarnish uye maFlakes ndeche 0,2 ,2 mita mamirimita ichave inenge $ 2, 8-3); Capachlock ursio system yekubatanidza ichabhadhara anenge $ 8 pa m2. Kuverengerwa kwakawanda kwekushandisa zvinhu mune nyaya yekushongedza mapepa ekushongedza: 0.9-1.5 kg / m2. Mari yavo inogona kubva pamadhora matatu kusvika kumadhora 8-9 pa m2. Zvakanaka, zvechokwadi, iyo yepamusoro-soro kuyerera (1.5-5 kg / m2) muzvishongedzo zvakamonyorwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti mune iyo kushandiswa kwePlaster neMamineral Filer, iyo yekumanikidza zvakananga inoenderana neyekukura kwemakrinji - zvakakura zviyo, zvichiteerana, iyo chiyero chekuyerera ($ 3-15 pa m2).
Zvimwe zvezvipamba uye zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika contain
| Firm | Mako. | Nheyo | Zadza Tel | Maonero ekutarisa. Nzvimbo yekushandisa | Kushandiswa kwaamai ALA | Kuoma *, A / B, H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petrmix, Russia | Mosaic, Plaster | Acrylic | Marble kana quartz crumb | Mosaic uye yakarongedzwa plaster yekupedza mavara uye nhengo dzezvisikwa chero zvipi zvacho, kunze kweSilicone nepurasitiki. | 1.5-3.5 | 4-5 / 24. |
| Plasti, Russia | Plastone-tone | Acrylic | Marble kana quartz crumb | Denshative kupedzisa plaster neyekunze kushandiswa kongiri, simbi, nezvimwe. | 2.0-4.0 | 2/24 |
| Kuvaka Plex, Russia | SvyAzar-7 Docor | Acrylic | Quartz crumb | Kune yekushongedza yekudzivirira inovhara yemazita nemadziro mukati. | 0.5. | 1-2 / 24. |
| Akzo Nobel Sadolin Firm, Finland | Sadolin Sandokryl-G | Acrylic | Kwete | Pendi yekudyara. Zvemabasa emukati uye ekunze pane kongiri (kusanganisira mwenje), shutkatu- Nzvimbo dzemoto. | 1-1,2 | 1/24 |
| Bayra- Marru Grubu, Turkey | Bayramix zvicherwa. | Acrylic | Granite uye marble crumb | Kushongedza kuunganidza kwekupedza facades uye inopinda mukati mekongiri, chipboard, huni. | 1.5-3.5 | 12/24 |
| Bolix, Poland. | Bolix tu. | Acrylic | Quartz crumb | Universal Plaster Misa. Yemabasa ekunze uye emukati. | 3.5 | 2-4 / 24. |
| Kalete- Rasit, Turkey | Dekor +. | Acrylic | Marble machip | Yemabasa ekunze uye emukati. | 3.3-3.5 | 2/24 |
| Litex, USA | COREV-ibwe | Acrylic | Marble uye granite crumb | Kushongedza kubatidza. Zvemasade inoshanda pakushongedza kwemadziro uye chigadziko, pane chero nzvimbo. | 1.2-1.6 | 3-4 / 24. |
| Rm distribu- SION, France | DeatP Choor. | Vinyl cooplers | Quartz crumb | Kusunungurwa kubatidza. Nebasa rekunze rekupedza facades uye mukati meimba | 1.5-2.5 | 0.5 / - |
| Somrarmap, France | Corail | Acrylic | Polymer granules | Multicoror Coating. Mumba yekushongedza madziro. | 0.45 | 8/8 mazuva |
| Zvimwe, France | Sarudza | Acrylic | Cellulosic fiber | Decorative cherural plaster. Nekuti zvemukati kupedza mabasa. | 1.3-2.0 | 3-4 / 24. |
| S.p.C. BV, Netherlands | Minigrani. | Synthetic Munesini | Granite crumb | Zvinhu zvakaoma neakakura quartz zviyo. Kubasa remukati. | 2,5 | 6 / 3-5 mazuva |
| Tex-Ruvara, Germany | KH-rollputz. | Synthetic Munesini | Kwete | Decastative plaster yemukati uye yekunze basa pane mineral bage, dvp, chipboard, plywood, etc. | 2-4 | 24 / - |
| Tikkurila, Finland | Kevyt-rae. | Acrylic | Kwete | Kune madziro nemadziro emukati, kongiri, plaster, fiberboard, chipboard, gvl. | 1-1.5 | 1-5 / 24. |
| Vielo, Italy | Graniplast | Acrylic | Marble machip | Kushongedza plaster yekupedza facades uye mabasa emukati. | 3.5-4.5 | 2-4 / 24. |
* Kuomesa nguva: uye - ku "kutendeuka", b - yakazara.