Kuleyliyayaasha shidaalka adag ee guriga ah: Moodooyinka leh culeys ballaadhan, aalado leh Tenn-ku dhex-dhexaad ah, cutubyo leh qorshooyinka gubashada horumarsan, kuleylka pellet
Kuwaasu wax kalaysku ma aha wax raaxo leh, laakiin kulayl. Insl adiga oo ah gaaska jirridda - aragti aad u qaali ah ama muuqaal aad u qaali ah, iyo qiimaha shidaalka naaftada (oo horey ugu jiray si ficil ahaan u dhigma kharashka gaaska ee astaanta 95), iyo sidoo kale qiimaha kharashka korantada waxay umuuqataa, Wax soo saarka waa mid- ilo tamar ah oo lagu kululeeyo gurigiisa adeegsiga shidaal adag.
Marka, dooro kuleyl adag oo shidaal adag. Maanta, suuqa ayaa soo bandhigaya noocyo badan oo noocyadooda ah. Waxay ka shaqeeyaan xaabada, dhuxusha (bunni, dhagax, coldintic, coke), iyo sidoo kale peat, alwaax, dhuxul iyo waxyaabo kale oo bir ah. Qalabka noocan oo kale ah wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa iyada oo loo eegayo qorshe gabi ahaanba la fahmi karo, kaas oo wax walba looga fikiro, marka laga reebo mid: tab tab ah ee shidaalka 2-4. Waxay ka dhigan tahay in haddii laga yimaado fiidkii uu daadku yahay, oo habeenkii ah inaad kacdo oo aad aado qolka kalkaaliska si aad ugu darto shidaal, haddii kale waxaa jira halis ilaa subaxda si loo qaboojiyo. Oggolow, rajoku waa wax aan fiicnayn: Saddex ubax ah, ilaa shanna adag ayaa seexanaysa, saacadda qaylo-dhaanta waxay ku dhawaaqday toddobo, iyagoo mar kale ku boorriyay qolka kalkaaliska. Maalinta Shaqada ee Maalinta Shaqada Yaa tuuraya xaabada? Waa waqtigii la kireysan lahaa soosaarid ...
Prether. | 
Dakon. | 
Buss. |
Dib-u-habeyn. | 
OPAP. | 
Sitime |
1. Laba ama saddex sano ama saddex sano ka hor, sababtuna tahay galista tuulooyinka, kuleylka qoryaha ah ayaa lagu daray in loo tixgeliyo kuwaas oo aan waxtar lahayn oo aan waxtar lahayn. Laakiin ka dib markii soosaarayaal badan ay soo gabagabeeyeen qaabeynta badeecooyinka la soo saaray, kuleyliyeyaasha xaabada qoryaha ayaa mar kale u rogay si ay u dalbadaan.
2-6. FB (Dakon) (2), U22 (viayrrus) (3) iyo Seculla (Sime) (4) (3) (4) iyo Connca (4) (4) iyo Connca (4) ayaa lagu ridayaa albaab weyn, Iyo in kuleylka logano s111 (Bus (5) iyo H412 (OPEPOP) (6) - iyada oo loo marayo "Lukos" oo ku yaal dusha sare.
Laakiin wali wax soo saarka ayaa jira. Soosaarayaasha qalabka wax lagu kariyo ayaa hadda bixiya badeecadooda oo kordhaya xaraashka xamuulka, haamaha korantada, oo wanaajiyey qorshayaal isku dhacyo, waxayna sidoo kale bixiyaan kuleyliyeyaal otomaatig ah oo ka shaqeeya qaabka cusub ee pelliska shidaalka. Aynu isku dayno inaan garowno waxa mid kasta oo ka mid ah noocyada aaladaha la taxay ay yihiin iyo sida loo caawiyo xallinta dhibaatada loo yaqaan.
Kordhi dejinta
Qalabka adag ee hilibka casriga ah ee shidaalka adag ayaa nuugay faa'iidooyinka ka horeeya kuwii ka horreeyay. Midka ugu weyn: Nidaamka kuleylka uma baahna awood. (Run, dhawaan kuleylka ayaa bilaabay inay qalabaan sigaarka dadka sigaarka cabba ee u baahan 50-150W koronto koronto.) Iyo dab-damisyada ayaa si otomaatig ah u ilaalin kara heerkulka qaboojinta ee cayiman. Tani waxay dhacdaa sida soo socota: dareeraha ayaa raacaya heerkulka ka dambeeya kuleylka kuleylka kuleylka ee kuleylka ah; Haddii ay dhaafto kuwa la rakibay, aaladdu waxay daboolaysaa dhaxaarka iyo gubashadu hoos u dhigeyso. Haddii heerkulku hoos u dhaco qiimaha la cayimay, qoyaanka ayaa furmaya. Waxa ugu muhiimsan ayaa ah kuleyliyeyaal casri ah, mugga xamuulka xamuulka ama rukunka xarkaha ayaa kordhay (xaaladaha qaarkoodna, cabirka albaabka ee u horseeda kaamirooyinkaas). Natiijada muddada gubashada ee hal shidaal oo ah oo ay ku kacday 1.5-2 jeer oo ay gaadhay 8h (tirada ugu badan ee ay soo saareen soosaarayaasha, oo aan ku guuleystey inaan helno markii aan diyaarinno maqaalkan). Soosaarayaal badan oo ku qalabeeyay qolalka gubaya ee kulayshahooda leh nidaamyada saadka hawada ee la-habeyn karo ee loo isticmaalo gaasanada fidsan - waxay kordhisaa hufnaanta hufnaanta. Hadda waxaa suurtagal ah in la habeeyo qaddarka badeecadaha gubashada oo ka tagista qiiqa qiiqa, kaas oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad bixiso jawi wanaagsan. Saxnimada ku jirta kuleylka waxay ku siisaa difaac dheeraad ah oo ka dhan ah kuleylka - wareejinta qafiif ah oo gaar ah. Waad ku mahadsan tahay isaga, waxaa suurtagal ah in si dhakhso ah loo yareeyo heerkulka kuleylka sida gacanta (furitaanka iyo xirashada waalka) oo si otomaatig ah (heerkulku wuxuu siinayaa taliska valve).
Kuleyliyeyaasha shidaalka adag mar labaad
Maalmahan, caannimada kuleylka shidaalka adag ee shidaalka adag ayaa kordhay labadaba Suuqa Qalabka Kaanka ee Yurub iyo waddamada deriska ah. Guri, tan waxaa sabab u ah rabitaanka macaamiisha aan ku xirnayn sahayda gaaska iyo sahayda ee laga keenay dowladaha leh xaalad siyaasadeed oo aan xasilloonayn. Fikradda ah "madax-bannaanida gaaska" ee maskaxda dadka reer yurub ah ayaa waqti dheer qaatay, laakiin si ay u firfircoon yihiin isku dhac xusuus ah ka dib markii la hormariyay Russia iyo Ukraine horaantii 2009. Dhinaca Yukreeniyaan ayaa xannibay tuubooyinkaas waxay ahayd in lagu wado Yurub. Sababta labaad waa mid nadiif ah oo dhaqaale. Ka dib oo dhan, xaabada, dhuxusha ama Pellelee, oo ah mid aan qaali ahayn oo saliid iyo gaas ah. (ILAALINTA: Kuleylka laga helo xaabada ayaa ka raqiisan dhuxusha, qiyaastii 1.5-2 jeer; Marka la barbar dhigo kuleylka, gubashada dhadday, gubashada dhadday, qolowlaha, gabbaldayaha gabbaldayaha , iyo sidoo kale Burulettes iyo Granulet-ka laga soo saaray iyaga, waxaad isla waqti isku mid ah ku tuuri kartaa qashinka alwaaxa iyo wax soo saarka beeraha. Waqtiga ugu horreysa, xiisaha kuleylka shidaalka adag ayaa ku sii kordhaya Ruushka. Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo tan ah: Gobollada qaarkood, gaas wali lama bixin guriyeynta, oo ay horeba loo qabtay, waa qaali in lagu xidho. Kaliya isku xirka guriga ee wadada gaaska ayaa mararka qaar qiimahiisu yahay 500-800 kun oo rubles ah., Iyo haddii gurigu kaliya yahay lacagta - xitaa intaa ka sii badan. Dawladdu waxay mar kale ballanqaaday inay kordhineyso lacagta gaaska 27%. Haddii si otomaatig ah (i.e., oo aan u baahnayn faragelin ku saabsan shaqadeeda, sida gaas) pellet wax lagululeeyo, oo ay weheliso rakibida 300-400 kun rubles, waxaad u badan tahay inaad u naxariisto isaga. Waxaad ka iibsan kartaa pellets aad u badan oo loogu talagalay lacagta badbaadinta lacagta ay ku filan yihiin kuleylka muddo 10 sano ah.
Kala duwanaanshaha shidaalka ee sii kordhaya ee kor u kaca waa mid aad u kala duwan: Ruush iyo dibedda, bir bir iyo bir ah oo keliya, nidaamyo, nidaamyo leh wareejinta dabiiciga ah ama qasabka ah. Range iyo qiimaha guud - laga bilaabo dhowr kun oo ilaa boqolaal kun oo rubles ah. Dib u siideynta shirkadahooda Atmos, Dakon, Oror, Rojek, dhammaan Czech), Slomain), labada Jarmalka), CTC (Sweden), Jaamac (Austel), Austria) , DUMRO dokum (Turkiga), Hajdu (Hungary), Sime (Talyaani), NMZ, "olol", "Stanov", "Evan - Russia). Inta badan shirkadaha liistadu waxay muddo dheer ka shaqeynayeen suuqa gudaha. AVOT ATMOS, Hajdu, Oror iyo Wirebel ayaa u muuqday waxoogaa, laakiin waxay horey u maareyneysay inay soo gaadho caan. ITO aad ayey u dabiici tahay - qaabeynta kuleylka shirkadahan waxaa loo isticmaalay xalka farsamada asalka ah.
Zota. | 
Zota. | 
Zota. |
Zota. | 
Wireb. | 
"Evan" |
7-12. Kuleyliyeyaasha shidaalka adag ee lagu dhex milmayo tan oo lagu dhex beeray howlaha dheeriga ah: Isku qas (ZoTA) (7-9) waxaa lagu qalabeyn karaa gubasho gaas, sidaasna loo rogayo shidaal badan; Saxanka sare ee ATOTS 18 (ZoTA) Waxaa jira raaxo, taas oo ku habboon in la diyaariyo cuntada (10); ECO-EL (Wirb (Wirb) (11) wuxuu ku qalabeysan yahay qaybta kontoroolka kursiga keydka, waxaa lagu rakibay qaybta unugyada kore; Diiwaan-dirt-tt ("Evan") (12) wuxuu kuu oggolaanayaa inaad shidaal ku gubto huurka ilaa 70%.
Maahan dhammaan kuleylka adag ee shidaalka ah "omnivores"
"Omnivore" kuleyliyeyaasha kor u kaca ah ee rarka, oo u oggolaanaya in la isticmaalo nooc kasta oo shidaal adag, aan aad uga badnayn suuqayaga. Kuwani waa unugyada birta ee ugu adag: Foster), Logano, G211 (Prothes), "prothess)," protrrm (viavers), iyo sidoo kale kuleylka ka socda taxanaha solitech ee (DUMR Dokum). Xulashada kuleylka, maskaxda ku hay in qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ay leeyihiin moodooyin ay la socdaan (aasaasi) iyo noocyo gurmad ah oo shidaal adag ah. Tusaale ahaan, shidaalka aasaasiga ah; Reserve - Dhulgagga Brown, Bruquettes, Coke. Ama dhanka kale: shidaal la qoray - dhuxul bunni ah; Kaydinta. Haddii macaamilku uusan ogeyn tan oo kalkaaalku si joogto ah u shaqeynayo halkii shidaalka aasaasiga ah ee ku saabsan gurmadka, hufnaantiisa (sidaas darteedna awoodda ay ku jirto) ayaa yarayn kara 5-10%. Natiijooyinka isticmaalka shidaalka ayaa kordha. Waxyaabaha shidaalka ee loo yaqaan 'Counds Shidaashada', oo shidaal loo soo qoray waa xaabada (Woody IT.P.), DOGONO G211 D iyo Logos), labadaba Busses), Busserus). Dhuxul (dhagax, brown, coke, coke,) waa shidaal shidaal loogu talagalay naaska sida DOR (Dakon), AC (ACMOs), U2S (atmos c (viadrrus).
Tixgeli qalabka EKO (Wirb). Kuwani waa kuleylka biyaha kulul ee kuleylka adag ee shidaalka adag ee leh awoodda 14-80 kw. Cox, dhuxul, god god (dherer dherer (600mm) iyo foiana bruquettes waxaa loo isticmaalaa shidaal loo dhan yahay. Haddii loo baahdo, waxaa loo gudbin karaa gaas, shidaal naaftada ah ama pellets - albaabka hoose ee ka hooseeya kuleylka Waxaa jira god lagu rakibo gubashada u dhigma. Qolka foornada waxaa laga sameeyay 5mm bir qaro weyn, kaas oo hubiya in nolosha adeegga ee kuleylka ugu yaraan 15 sano.
Birta iyo isweydaarsiga kuleylka birta
Naajiyaha adag ee shidaalka adag waxaa lagu qalabeyn karaa bir iyo is-beddelaad kuleyl bir ah. Nooc kasta oo aaladahaan ayaa leh faa'iidooyinkiisa iyo faa'iido darrooyinkeeda. Isweydaarsiga kuleylka ee ka samaysan birta u adkaysata in ka badan bir (bir bir ah oo lafteeda u nugul hubedda, iyo, inbadan, isweydaarsiga kuleylka kabka ah ee birta wuxuu leeyahay dhumuc weyn). Irodku wuxuu leeyahay awood kuleylka sare, sidaa darteed kuleylka kuleylka laga soo qaado waa la kululeeyaa muddo dheer, laakiin si tartiib ah u qabooji. Laakiin maadaama birta kacsan ay ka jilicsan tahay birta, inta lagu gudajiro is-weydaarsiga kuleylka birta, dhibaatada waxa loogu yeero jaceylka shoogga (kuleylka kuleylka) ayaa soo ifbaxaya, taas oo ay ka mid yihiin qaybaha aaladda ay dillaaci karaan. Sababta tani waa farqi weyn oo ku saabsan heerkulka biyaha ee khadka tooska ah iyo "soo-celinta" (soosaarayaasha "kuma jiraan wax aan micne lahayn oo ku jira baasaboor qalabka heerkulka ugu yar ee jidka ugu hooseeya). Shirkadaha qaarkood Isweydaarsiga kuleylka birta waa mid fudud oo u adkeysi u leh, taas oo muhiim ah markii la qaadayo, xamuulka iyo rarida oo soo dejisan kara (microcracks) bir. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, aaladaha noocan oo kale ah ee birta ayaa ka yar xasaasiyad u leh dhibcaha heerkulka. Ugu dambeyntiina, waxaa muhiim ah in kuleylka leh kuleylka kuleylka birta ay ka jaban yihiin. Laakiin ... Aaladahaani waxay ku qasban yihiin inay ka dhashaan isdhaafsiga, la sameeyay marka heerkulka kuleylka kuleylka uu ka hooseeyo qodobka sayaxa. Nolosha adeegga kuleylka birta kuleylka waxay kuxirantahay tayada birta, dhumucdeeda iyo xaaladaha hawlgalka.
Muuqaal ka mid ah kuleylka rojek waa qashin-biyo-qaboojiyaha birta laga helo birta ugu adkaysta kuleylka. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa oo keliya in la kordhiyo wareejinta kuleylka, laakiin sidoo kale in lagu bilaabo kuleylka biyaha ka soo kordhayo biyo heerkul ah oo heerkul ah 40 s (in kasta oo inta badan tilmaamahan aysan ka yarayn 60 s). Qiyaasta hoostooda waxaa ku yaal shanlo, oo aad nadiifin karto adigoon furin albaabka kalkaaliyaha. Dhegaha-biyaha lagu qaboojiyey Qalabka kuleylka ah iyo shirkadda Hajdu, laakiin aan laga sameynin wareeg, iyo tuubbada labajibbaarane ee leh qaybta 5050mm.
Soo-saareyaasha kale ayaa hagaajinaya soo-saareyaasha kale. Tusaale ahaan, Dakon wuxuu ku qalajiyaa nidaamkiisa Pether ee Gratry Gratry, oo ay ku dhajisay shabaggeedii isku laabma - waxay u horseedaa kabaal gaar ah, kaas oo lagu dubay jirka kuleylka. Waxaa jira aalad la mid ah kuleylka buskus.
Kuwa ku jira oo leh toban-jir
Qaar ka mid ah kuleylka adag ee adag ayaa ku qalabaysan (ama loo soo bandhigayaa si ay u dalbadaan) toban-jir. IDEA mid la mid ah kuma qalabeysan waxa loogu yeero shinnida shidaalka badan, oo awood u leh ka shaqeynta afar nooc oo shidaal ah: adag, dareere, gaseous iyo koronto. Waxaa soo saaray CTC, Jaamac, Zio-Sabal (Moodeel "Ziosab-45" iyo "Meta" (labadaba kuleylka) (labada ruux).Heerka la sheegay iyo heerka dhabta ah ee gubashada
Xulashada kuleylka adag ee shidaalka ah, macmiilku wuxuu ugu horreyntiisii ugu horreyn doonaa dareenka gubashada ee hal shidaal oo dhameystiran oo soo saaraya soo-saaraha. Qiimahaan runtii waa muhiim, si kastaba ha noqotee, lambarrada ay muujiyeen soo-saare waa in si taxaddar leh loola dhaqmaa. Tusaale ahaan, kuleylka ah ee gubashada sare ee BKTT (SZOS, Belarus), sida laga soo xigtay tijaabooyinka sheybaarka, oo ah tabka buuxa ee habka ugu yar ee loo yaqaan '3,5 saacadood', iyo ugu badnaan 61h. Intaa waxaa dheer, soo-saaraha ayaa si daacadnimo ah uga digaya in kuwanu ay yihiin xog muujinaya, maadaama muddada gubashada hal shidaal oo ay ku tiirsan tahay tayadeeda, heerkulka shidaalka iyo heerkulka gudaha iyo awoodda kuleylka ee dhismaha IDR. Marka, xaabada qoryaha, qoyaanka ay ka badan tahay 30%, waa la koray meel aan deganeyn oo ha bixin heerkulka saxda ah ee qaboojiyaha. Ifafaale la mid ah ayaa suurto gal ah in la qayliyo oo aan ku filnayn, xiitaa haddii qoryaha ay qalalan tahay.
Waa in la ogaadaa in kuleylka adag ee shidaalka adag lagu daro in lagu qalajiyo ujeedo xoogaa ka duwan shidaalka badan. Toban halkaan waxaa loogu talagalay oo keliya in la ilaaliyo heerkulka la doonayo ee qaboojinta ee carqaladeynta udhaxeysa cabsi gelinta. Waxay u rogaysaa oo keliya marka shidaalka adagi uu quudin doono iyo heerkulka kuleylka ayaa hoos u dhigi doona xadka la cayimay (iyo sidoo kale ku darista iyo dib-u-dejinta tan ayaa xakameeya qaybta kontoroolka gaarka ah). Markaa, tobankan halkan waa sheyga ka soo baxa macmiilka laga soo bilaabo baahida loo qabo in la kaco dhexda si uu hoos ugu tuuro tuubbada kuleylka.
Kuwaas oo kale kara ayaa isticmaala koronto badan: awoodda tanda, kaas oo ku rakibaya, sida iska cad waxa ugu badan ee kuleylka guriga. Ka dib oo dhan, waxay kululeeyaan oo keliya qaboojiyaha, oo kuleylkaas si weyn ayaa loo baahan yahay.
Suuqayaga, kuleylka ku jira kins-ka la dhisayay ma aha kuwo aad u ballaaran. Moodooyinka caanka ah, waxaa ka mid ah tirinta Eko-El (Wirb) oo leh biyo-qaboojiye biyo-qaboojiye ah oo loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo sida shidaalka ugu weyn ee dhuxusha, qaab-dhismeedka IDR; Kulamaanis-tt kaliye-tt ("Evan"), iyo sidoo kale "qiiq" oo isku qas ("dhirta qalabka kuleylka iyo otomatiga" - zota, ruushka, Ruushka).
Naafada gubanaya
Si loo kordhiyo muddada gubashada ee hal alwaax, soosaarayaashu waxay beddelaan nidaamka shidaalka shidaalka ee caadiga ah oo la xidhiidha tan ku dhow in ay si buuxda u beddelato naqshadda kuleylka. Gaar ahaan waxaa lagu guuleystey halkan soo-saareyaasha Lithuania. Waxay macno ahaan u baahan yihiin kuleyliyeyaal, kaas oo looxyada lagu gubanayo oo aan loo gubin sida ku xusan nidaamka caadiga ah - xagga hoose, laakiin kor iyo hoos ilaa hoose. Iska indho indheel badan! Tusaale ahaan, kululeeyaha strapuva (lithuania), sida ku xusan soo-saaraha, Tab Dra wuxuu gubanayaa ku dhawaad 1 maalin, dhuxusha dhuxusha waa 5-7 maalmood.
| 
| 
| 
|
13-14. Mabda 'gubasho toosan:
13- Ciyaarta ka jirta booska safka hore ayaa gubi doonta 30-40 s kulayl heerkulbeegga ilaa ugu badnaan 60 s; 14 - Ku ciyaar booska toosan (madax) ayaa gubi doona 60-80 s ayaa kululeysa heerkulbeega heerkulka ilaa 120 C.
15-16. Jaantusyada wareegga ee kuleylka gaaska leh ee kululeeya gaaska oo leh hoose (15) iyo dhinaca (16) meesha ku yaal qolka gubashada gaaska ee pyrolyssis:
1- chimney giraanka; 2-danaan Schieber; 3- Kuleylo isweydaarsiga; 4-Daloolka; 5-qolka pyrolysis gubashada; 6 - Pyrolyssis gaaska gubashada gaaska.
Waa sidee kuleylka noocaas ah? Waxay ka kooban tahay laba dhululubo oo bir ah (mid kale), iyo meelaha bannaan ee u dhexeeya iyaga waxaa ku yaal baraf kulul. Isku-dheellitir yar oo dhexroor ah ayaa lagu dhejiyaa shidaalka oo lagu rakibay albaabka guriga. Hawada la keenay ee lagu sameeyo gubashada ayaa kor ku soo gala korkeeda (inta lagululeeyo kuleylka dadaalka socda) waxaana loo diraa xarunta gubashada iyadoo la adeegsanayo hawada. Dambe waa tuubo telescopic-ka, dhamaadka aaladda ay ku lifaaqan tahay, qaab u eg dallad dallad ah. Geedaha ugu hooseeya, dalladan ayaa ku yaal shidaalka ku yaal derbiyada ku taal darbiyada foornada (aaggan, gubashadu ma aha mid aad u adag ee xarunta). Hawada waxaa la siiyaa foornada iyadoo loo xisaabiyo xisaabinta noocaas ah si loo kiciyo gubashada kaliya ee lakabka sare ee xaabada ee qafiifka ah oo leh dhumuc weyn oo ah 15-20 cm. Lakabyada salka ku haya ee kuleylka ah ayaa ka hor imanaya sahayda, sidii hamster gadaashiisa dhabanka. Maaddaama lakabka sare ee lakabka sare, dalladdu waxay hoos u dhigeysaa hoosta, laakiin had iyo jeer waxay ku haysaa shidaalka heerka safka gubashada. Ash-ka ficil ahaan kama hortagto gubashada, waxaa ku filan in la nadiifiyo 2-3 jeer oo reps ah.
Waa maxay faa iidooyinka kuleylka gubanaya ee gubanaya? Wareegooda wareega ee qaybta dhexdeeda, foornadu si wanaagsan ayey u gubtaa labada xaabada iyo briquettes ee dhadday iyo peat. In kasta oo dhererkiisu aad u weyn yahay, isku-darka noocan oo kale ah ay ku mashquulsan yihiin dhul aad u yar oo ku jira qolka kuleylka. Ugu dambeyntiina, maadaama oo keliya lakabka sare ee shidaalka uu shido kuleylka, xitaa marka wareejinta wareegga kuleylka la dami doono, heerkulkiisa waxaa kor loogu qaadayaa 12-16 C.
Fikradeena, faa'iido darrooyinka ugu weyn ee aaladaha noocan oo kale ahi waa inaysan suurta gal ahayn in shidaalka shidaalka loo rogo kuleylka gubanaya. Waa maxay sababta xun? Qiyaas: Subaxnimadii hore, waa waqtigii aad shaqeyn lahayd, iyo dhaxan wadada ka yar 30 c. iyadoo loo eegayo xisaabintaada, shidaalka kuleylka waxaa looga tagaa 1c, oo waxaad ku noqon doontaa guriga kaliya 9-10 h. Waxaa jira seddex qaab oo lagu xalliyo dhibaatada: ha aadin shaqada; Ku soo noqo guriga nasashada qadada; Waxaan rajeynayay in ilaa fiidkii tuubbada tuubbada aysan haysan waqti ay ku qaboobaan. Kale kale oo laga jaray kuleylka gubashayaasha gubashadu way ka qaalisan yihiin dhaqanka 1.5-2 jeer.
Suuqa Ruushka, kuleylka noocaas ah waxaa bixiya aramikas (lithuania, shumaca iyo kuleylka zvake) iyo stropuva, iyo sidoo kale stropon optic-ka steptic the the antan rint (Szos).
Gaas-Gas-Gas-Gase
Aasaaska hawlgalka matoorka gaaska (pyrolysis) kalkaaniska pyrolysis gubashada (kuraas qalalan) ee shidaalka. Nuxurka habka waa sida soo socota. Sida ku xusan ficilka heerkulka sare (270-800 c) iyo xaaladaha maqnaashaha oksijiin, alwaax qallalan ayaa ku ridaya qayb kacsan (waxa loogu yeero gaaska 'pyrolyssis gaas' iyo hadhaag adag (dhuxul). Tani waa sax waxa ay tilmaamayaasha naqshadu ee loo yaqaan 'pyrolysis-ka kuleylka ay ku jiraan: ma haystaan hal qol oo guluub ah, laakiin laba iyo sare. Gubashada caadiga ah ee shidaalka ah ee ugu horreeya ayaa dhaca (qaabkan, kuleylka ayaa kicisa), iyo ka dib markii loo beddelo qaab dhaadheer (tan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in gacanta lagu daboolo dariiqa danta hawada iyo gaaska gaaska) - pyrolysis iyo Dhuxul gubasho ah. Kuleylka awgeed awgeed, kuleylka kuleylka ma kululaado oo keliya, laakiin hawadu gasho qolka kore (waa caado in loo yeero mid sare), kaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah gubashada gaaska pyrolyssis gaaska. Dambe wuxuu galayaa qolka gubashada iyada oo loo marayo galka gaarka ah oo uu sameeyo olol iftiin leh ama olol cad. Gubashada ayaa si otomaatig ah loo xakameyn karaa, iyo sidoo kale gubata gaaska dabiiciga ah ama shidaalka dareeraha ah. Laakiin waxa ugu weyn ayaa ah, gubashada gaaska Pyrolssis gaaska, kuleylka aad u badan ayaa la kala soocayaa marka loo eego markii ay gubeen xaabada.
Haddii guriga uu weli ku jiri doono gaas ...
Si aan lacag ugu bixin lacagta ugu horeysa kuleylka adag ee shidaalka ah, ka dibna isku darka wadashaqeynta shidaalka buluuga ah ee laga sugayay, takhasusleyaashu waxay bixiyaan xalka asalka ah. La mid ah soosaarayaasha badan ee shidaalka adag ee shidaalka adag waxay leeyihiin moodallo isku dhafan, kuwaas oo, ka dib marka lagu rakibo gubashada u dhigma, waxaa lagu tarjumi karaa xaabada. Waxa kale oo jira kuleyliyeyaal leh laba sanduuq oo dab-damis ah: mid ka mid ah waxay ka shaqaysaa shidaalka adag, iyo shidaalka labaad ama shidaalka naaftada. Intaa waxaa dheer, aaladda noocaas ah ayaa la daabacay iyada oo aan dadaal lahayn mid ka mid ah shidaal mid kale. Isugeynta shidaalka adag ee la isku daro oo leh laba dab-damis ah oo ku saabsan suuqa Ruushka waxaa bixiya taxanaha Russia (FB D), Tiicanka Roca (DC iyo Eko-CK iyo taxanaha ee Eko-CK iyo CK Plus. ) IDR.
Waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya kalkaaliyeyaasha dhaqanka iyo gaaska? Markaad ka shaqeyso kuleylka shidaalka adag ee shidaalka adag, shidaalka waa la ruxay hal mar 3-4 saacadood, iyo waqtiga Pyrolyssis waqtiga u dhexeeya xamuulka ayaa kordhaya 2 ama in ka badan oo jeer. Natiijooyinka isku-dhafka ah ee loo yaqaan 'pyrolysis' gumida gaasasyada ku dhaca korantada kalkaaliyaha ku jira kuma jiraan cilado waxyeello leh oo ay yihiin isku dar ah kaarboon dioxide iyo uumiga biyaha. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah, isku darka noocaas ah waxaa lagu tuuri doonaa jawiga 3 jeer ka yar ka yar heerka qoryaha caadiga ah. Iyada oo ay ku gubtay pyrorolyzny gubasho, qaddarka ugu yar ee sot iyo dambas ayaa la sameeyay, sidaa darteed kuleylku wuxuu u baahan yahay nadiifin ka yar kan caadiga ah. ISOOOOY MAGAALADA, Pyrolyssis-ka waxay leeyihiin hufnaan sare (qiyaastii 85%) oo ay suurtogal ka dhigaan inay si otomaatig ah ula qabsato awoodda guud ee 30-100% ee magacaabista.
Mid ka mid ah miinada ka mid ah pyrolysissississis-ka - qiimaha sare (waa 1.5- 2 jeer oo awood qaali ah oo ka qaalisan). Isla howlgalka taageerayaasha loo adeegsaday hawada sare ee aqalka gubashada ee gaaska pyrolyssis gaaska ama si looga saaro gaasaska wasakhda ah, waa lagama maarmaan in la awoodo. Laakiin cadaaladda aawadood, waxaan ogsoonahay in dhammaan soosaarayaasha ay u adeegsadaan taageerayaasha qaabeynta nashqaadka, iyo isku-darka Pyrolussis-ka ayaa korantada ku tiirsan. Aaladaha noocan oo kale ah waxay ku qalabaysan yihiin nooca gubashada bullaacadaha (waxay u egtahay tubo loo yaqaan 'puble puble' oo naqshad gaar ah oo da gaagu leh) iyo xakameynta farsamada / xiritaanka mashiinka weeladaha ee hawada ee ay ku jiraan kuleylka dhirta iyo kan labaad ee kululaynta.
Xalka kale ee dhibaatada ayaa ah in la dhiso wadis
Kuleylka loogu talagalay kuleylka kuleylka ah waa inuu si faahfaahsan ugala hadlayaa. Ku dhawaad dhammaan soosaarayaasha waxay bixiyaan adeegsi nooc kasta oo alwaax ah, iyo sidoo kale warshadaha alwaaxa iyo qolofta alwaaxda khaaska ah ee qoyaankoodu uusan ka badneyn 20%. Kaliya u hogaansanaanta shuruudahan oo keliya ayaa hubiya in hawlgalka kuleylka leh nolosha ugu badan iyo nolosha adeegga dheer. Waxay u qalantaa soo dejinta xaasaska ceyriinka ku jirta kuleylka - oo waxaad heli doontaa dhibco dhameystiran oo dhameystiran: Laga soo bilaabo tuubbada ayaa bilaaban doonta inay ku shubto qiiq xoog leh; Qolka ay unugga ku dhegan tahay, ur aan naxariis lahayn ayaa soo muuqan doonta, oo hal-jiif ah steel steel ah ayaa "qurxin doonta" durbaanka "durdurrada sot iyo tar. Isla mar ahaantaana, hufnaanta kuleylka ayaa yaraanaysa oo nolosha adeegga si weyn ayaa loo yareeyaa kaliya aaladda lafteeda, laakiin sidoo kale qiiqa.
Qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha, codsashada gubasho laba-jir ah, waxay siiyaan fursad ay ku isticmaalaan shidaal kale oo ku jira kuleylka: bunni iyo dhuxul dhaadheer, dhuxul, coke. Dabcan, waqti isku mid ah, si kasta oo ay tahay pyrolysis ee hadalka aanu tegin, kuleylka ayaa ka shaqeyn doona qaabka gubashada caadiga ah. Laakiin ikhtiyaar noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon kartaa mid aad waxtar u leh haddii xaabada la dhammeeyo.
Aramikas. | 
Aramikas. | 
Viesmann. | 
Viesmann. |
17-18. Midnimadii kululayaasha adag ee shidaalka ah ee gubashada toosan ayaa ah in maqnaanshaha nidaamyada sahayda shidaalka ee isku dhafka ah ee aagga gubanaya, mid ka mid ah xamuulka uu hoos u dhacay iyada oo ku xidhan nooca shidaalka 7 ilaa 34.
19-20. Dabeecada vitoliggal 100-s violigno 2-huur vialsmann) ayaa laga sameeyaa go'yaal bir ah oo leh dhumuc weyn oo ah 8mm, taas oo hubisa nolosha adeegga dheer.
Suuqayaga, oo ah kuleylka saqafka leh ee ku jira abaabulka ugu sareeya ee qolka gaaska gaaska waxay bixiyaan furitaan iyo hireb, iyo sidoo kale "baalasheeda - k" iyo "Uralenerk" (labadaba.
Mid ka mid ah hal-abuurka tikniyoolajiyada ee kululayaasha gaaska casriga ahi waa nidaamka gubashada hoose. Laga soo bilaabo markii ay horay u sharaxday way ku kala duwan tahay sida ugu badan ee gaaska pyylissis gaaska aan laga saarin oo aan ka sarreyn foornada, laakiin hoostiisa. Qulqulka xaafadda ayaa ku xiray salka hoose ee rasaasta - shabaggeedii, iyo gaaska la sii daayay ayaa ku hareereysan qolka shabaqa hoostiisa. Waad ku mahadsan tahay jaantuska noocaas ah, qoryaha xaaquhu si siman ayuu u gubanayaa oo sii dheeraa, oo kuleylka gaaska dareeraha ayaa si buuxda loo isticmaali karaa si buuxda, maadaama ay wadiiqooyinkooda ku dhex milmayaan. Suuqa ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigaya cutubyo, kaas oo gaas ku ololaya uusan ku dhex jirin foornada, iyo dhinaca dhinaceeda. Isla mar ahaantaana, gaaska Pyrolyssis wuxuu iftiimiyey qoryaha, gubashada aagga hoose ee foornada, lama oggola, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo xannibaadda. Yeves mugga iyo kiis kale, oo ah hawlgalka hufnaanta ee nidaamka ayaa ka fiican in la isticmaalo jajabka khasabka ah.
Ha aaminin eedeymaha xayeysiinta ee shirkadaha ka ganacsada ee xitaa xaabada qoyan ee xitaa hawo qoyan waxay aadi karaan kuleylka noocaas ah (sida la sheegay inay qallajin doonaan si ay u ogaadaan inay galaan aagga gubashada). Hadalada noocan oo kale ah kuma taageeraan xogta soosaarayaasha. Sida ka reebaysa, sida wax kale ee kuleylka ah ee pyrolyssis, waxaa loo oggol yahay in la isticmaalo kaliya xaabada qalalan.
Pyrolysis-ka ku jira oo leh nidaam gubasho hoose ah oo ku yaal suuqa gudaha wax badan. Kuwani waa kuwa Kalvis (Lithuania), viessmann (Jarmalka), ATMOs, Busnia, Busni, Buson, Dakon, Opek, Rojek. Inta badan soo-saareyaashu waxay bixiyaan hal taxane ah oo taxane ah oo ah isku-darka Pyroluss, iyo Atmos iyo Buus- labo. Tusaale ahaan, ATMOs waxay ku sii deysaa ATTs DC kuleylka hal ama in ka badan sanduuqyo dab-damis, iyo sidoo kale aaladaha ay la leeyihiin semicica-ka atmos d iyada oo aan lahayn taageere. Budesus wuxuu soo bandhigayaa taxane ah S121 iyo S121WT kuleylka leh oo ku qalabaysan smokkosos, kan dambena sidoo kale waxay ku qalabeysan yihiin wareejinta qaboojinta. Rakibaadda qiiqa halkii uu ku rakibay taageere duritaanka waa cabir dheeri ah oo amniga ah: Qiiqa ayaa abuuraya faakiyuum yar oo qolka gubashada, kaasoo ka hortagaya in gaaska dareeraha ah qolka kuleylka markii albaabka wax lagu kariyo la furo.
Xalka wax dhibka leh waxaa loo isticmaalaa kuleylka viesmann: biyo kuleylka ah, oo ka soo kordha tuubooyinka, oo u gurguurta gidaarka dambe ee kuleylka iyo isku darka biyaha qabow. Tani waxay kuu oggolaaneysaa inaad kordhiso heerkulka biyaha dib-u-soo-noqoshada oo looga hortago in ay dhacdo hudheel heerkulka hooseeya.
Kuleylka pellet
Pellets waxaa loo isticmaalay sidii shidaal aaladahaan. Kuwani waa geedo alwaax ah oo lagu sameeyay dhalo gaar ah oo ah chips, dhadday iyo qashin kale oo ah warshadaha alwaaxa ah iyada oo aan la isticmaalin waxyaabaha lagu daro kiimikada. Markaad riixdid walxaha walxaha "" gulule "Loglin ku jira qoryaha. Dhexroorkii Granules waa 4-10mm, dhererku waa 5-30 mm (1 pellets ayaa ku jira mugga 1.5 m3). Pellets waxay ku iibiyaan ku habboon gaadiid iyo kaydinta xirmooyinka.
"Burzhuy-k" | 
"Foowros cajiib ah" | 
Atmos. |
21-23. Waxay u muuqan kartaa qof moodooyinka guryaha ah "Burzhuy-K" (21) iyo "foornooyinka mucjisooyinka" -kw (22) weli ma noqon mucjiso naqshadeeye iyo fikirka farsamada, laakiin waxay ka jaban yihiin 2 jeer. sida Atmos kuleylka (23).
Grahans-yadani waa bey'ad bey'ad u fiican oo shidaal aad u wanaagsan (qiimaha allororial waa 4500 kcal / kg). Waxyaabaha kale ee faa'iido leh ayaa uga mahadcelinaya cabirkooda yar ee soo gudbinta ay kululeeyaan ee kululaynta ah ee loo yaqaan 'pellet' waa mid otomaatig ah.
Yurub waxay la halgameysaa madax-bannaanida. Waa kuwee iyo maxay?
Danmark ficil ahaan ma ficil ahaan tamar, gaas ayaa laga helay dhawr sano ka hor khaanadda badda woqooyi. Mid ka mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ayaa la fahamsan yahay in ku tiirsan saliida dibedda iyo gaaska aan badbaada ahayn. Dhamaadka 90-ka, qarnigii Ghaah. Halkan waxaan ka aqbalnay barnaamij gaar ah oo dhiirigelinaya u-guurista fasalada bayoolajiga ee shidaalka ee dhismayaasha kululaynta, iyo wixii ka sarreeya oo dhan oo ku saabsan pellets-ka. Dabcan, isbeddelada ayaa aad u adag oo aan si dhakhso ah u dhicin. Kaliya 2006 Naasaha yar yar ma aysan ahayn caan, laakiin sidoo kale cinwaanka badeecada sanadka. Denia waxay raacday inta ka hartay waddamada inteeda kale. Tusaale ahaan, Jarmalka horeba sanadkii 2007. In ka badan 70 kun oo nasta ayaa ka shaqeynayay Granures, iyo 1.8 milyan oo tan ayaa loo soo saaray iyaga. Qoolleyda Baahida loo qabo in kuleylka lagu daweeyo ma aha oo keliya Yurub oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale Russia. Waa, marka ugu horreysa, sababtuna tahay in soosaarayaasha pellet-ka guryaha (waxay u muuqdeen si dhakhso ah, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee dalalka Yurub, ugu dambeyntii waxay xaqiiqsadeen inaysan ahayn mid faa'iido u ah in lagu iibiyo granules dibaddiisa sababta oo ah wax weyn Kharashaadka gaadiidka iyo pellet-ka waxaa lagu siin karaa suuqa gudaha. Marka labaad, sii deynta Pellets waxay bilaabeen shirkado cusub (hadda waxay horeyba uga badnaayeen 200). Tartan ayaa kacay, iyadoo natiijada ay pellets ay joojiyeen inay yihiin cilad. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dadka reer yurub ee halganka "madax-bannaanida gaaska" waxay u muuqdaan in la joojiyo, oo maanta dhaq-dhaqaaqani wuxuu ku korayaa halganka "madax-bannaanida shidaalka". Marka 3 sano ka hor markii uu soo bandhigay SHK ee Frankfurt am weyn ayaa la soo bandhigay granuses ka samaysan waxa loogu yeero dhuxusha saboolka ah ee dhuxusha oo liita, oo si guul leh loo isticmaali karo halkii laga isticmaali karaa pellets. Sidaa darteed, waa wax macquul ah in sanadaha soo socda, dadka daggan Yurub ay bilaabi doonaan inay si tartiib tartiib ah ugu diidaan gaaska oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale Pellets ayaa laga keenay Ruushka.
Gunaanad gaar ah ayaa loo dhisay tilmaamaha geeska. Pellets badan ayaa ka soo baxa daboolka daboolka ka soo baxa gubashada biyaha yar ee shidaalka. Granules-ka gudaha ayaa ka soo dhacaya sanduuqa keydka ku yaal kuleylka ama qolka ku dhow, oo ay ku jirto conveyor kale oo ku saabsan jiiska sawirka, oo waxay ilaalisaa quudiyaha leh quudinta, oo ay ku jiraan / xidhnaa debedda dibedda. Kala soocida xaashiyaha quudinta ee loo yaqaan 'compellets' pellets "laba qaybood waxay kordhisaa badbaadada dabka: Haddii xitaa ololku ka baxo gubashada, markaa ma faafo.
Kiisaska waxay u isticmaalaan gubashada nooca badan (waxay u egtahay digsi bir kulul oo bir kulul, bir ku tuura bir. Pellets-ka waxaa loogu talagalay aaladdaan iyagoo ku xidhan qaabeynta kuleylka laba siyaabood: waxaa lagu shubaa gubashada ka sareeya xagga sare ee godka hoostiisa.
Sida loo doorto pellets wanaagsan?
Qalliinka kalkaaliyeyaasha iyo bixinta qaababka shidaalka "waxay maamushaa" unug elektiroonig gaar ah. Xakamee Qalliinka Qeybta adoo adeegsanaya guddiga kontaroolada ee aad ku sheegto dhammaan goobaha lagama maarmaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan heerkulka la doonayo, oo maalin kasta iyo xitaa toddobaadlaha ah kuleylka. Badbaadada qaabeynta kuleylka, heerkulka degdegga ah ee ku dhaca wareegga korantada ayaa la bixiyaa haddii aaladda la kululeeyo. Rotors-ka waxaa ku qalabeysan albaabo kaliye. Way iska cadahay in "la tolay" elektiroonigga ah ee 'elektiroonigga' kalkaaliyeyaasha ah ee xaaladaha Ruushka lagula taliyo inaad ku xirnaato shabakadda oo keliya xasilloonida korantada.
| 
Wireb. | 
Dib-u-habeyn. | 
Sitime |
24. Qorshaha kuleylka kulul ee gubanaya.
25. Steel Kusee-ck Plus (Wirby) oo leh laba sanduuq oo dabka ah: Bidix - oo ah gubashada shidaalka adag (xaabada, dhuxusha), safka u ah shidaalka naaftada ama gaaska. Awoodda - 25, 35, 50 KW. Qeybta waxay leedahay hal qiiq oo keliya. Kuwaas wax kulujiya ayaa noqon kara labadaba oo labadooduba.
26. Hercules-ka 'lopprus' eco (viages) waxay leedahay faa iidooyin badan Sida ku xusan soo-saaraha, cutubku wuxuu kala soocayaa fududeynta dayactirka.
27. Qaabka loo yaqaan 'Evesita 8 pl' waxaa loo abuuray iyada oo ku saleysan ku saleysan adkaha ah 8. Qulqulayaasha hagaajiya sarrifka kuleylka iyo kordhinta hufnaanta unugga waxaa lagu rakibay kanaalka ka saarida aaladda. Waxaa la dhameystiratay Kit Pellet, oo ay kujirto gubasho leh gubasho iyo nidaam dab-damis, convoyor daboolka, haanta loo yaqaan 'pellets pellets'.
Ka dib markii la helo taliska "Bilowga", armleeyrku wuxuu bilaabmayaa inuu ku riixo pellets gubashada dabka. Waxaa lagu dhejiyay taageere ugu dambeysa waqtigaas, hawada waxaa la siiyaa iyada, iyo inta lagu gudajiro qulqulka granulures (waxaa jira hab kale oo shid ah, oo leh diyaarad kulul oo hawo leh oo ay ka soo saartay kuleyliyaha taageera. Markay goynayaan, nidaamka xakamaynta lafteeda ayaa xulan doonta habka loo yaqaan 'pellet' ee u dhigma awoodda loo cayimay, wuuna taageeri doonaa ilaa ay kallarkii nidaamka uusan kululayn heerkulka loo baahan yahay. Intaa ka dib, quudinta qaybo cusub oo shidaal ah ayaa joogsan doona, oo ah pellets oo ku harsan suuqa biyuhu si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u socdaan. Haddii aysan haysan waqti ay ku kacaan si buuxda u dabka ilaa nidaamka soo socota, oo ah qaybta cusub ee granulesku waxay ka soo noqon doontaa kii hore. AESley waxay lahaan doontaa waqti - ma ahan cabsi: kuleylku si fudud ayuu ugu celin doonaa wareegga oo dhan.
Isticmaalka loo yaqaan 'Bunder Punker' wuxuu u oggolaanayaa kuleylka guryaha qoyska si ay uga shaqeeyaan halmark halmark ah sunta granules dhowr maalmood. Tusaale ahaan, unug 24 kW oo leh awood 240l, oo leh xamuul buuxda, waxay awood u leedahay inay is afgaranto qiyaastii 7 maalmood. Iyada oo la kordhiyo mugga sabulitiraatiga ama laqabsashada qolka keydka ee ku xigta qolka wax lagu keydiyo ee lagu keydiyo pellets, waxaa suuragal ah in la kordhiyo hawlgalka joogtada ah ee kuleylka inta badan ee aad rabto. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah oo keliya in la buuxiyo marmar-ka-dhigga pellut pellit pellumer oo ka saar dambaska sanduuqa ash, tanna waxaa la samayn karaa hal mar usbuucii. Qiimaha Pellet wuxuu isbeddelayaa inta u dhexeysa 2-5 kun oo rubles ah. 1 t, oo isbarbar dhigaya qiimaha xaabada (laga bilaabo 1200 ruq. 1m3). Ogolaanshaha, kuwanu waa doodo wanaagsan oo ka raalli yahay kuleylka pellet.
Kuwaas oo kale ah ayaa kululayaal ku habboon gaadiid, maadaama qaabeynta ay u qaybsantahay kuleylka kuleylka, aruurinta granules, pelluler iyo gubashada pellet. Faa'iidada kale ee isku-darkaas ayaa ah in ay leeyihiin isqaar si isku mid ah isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan, oo ka mid ah qayb badan oo la-dagaallanka qaybo badan oo badan, kaas oo nuugo kuleylka ka dhalanaya (heerkulka gaasasku kama badna 120-130 c). Haddii loo baahdo, gubashada ayaa laga saari karaa ama lagu xiri karaa dabool qaas ah ka dibna kicin kalkaasha wadooyinka caadiga ah. Qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ayaa isku darka isugeyntooda si dheeri ah oo loogu talagalay nidaamka DHW (biyo kulul).
Hadda ku saabsan qaladaadka. Fikradeena, nooca kuleylka ah ee pellet waa labo. Midda koowaad waa ka qaalisan tahay 3-5 jeer ee Classic (qiimaha waxaa ku jira qiimaha qalabka loo baahan yahay ee loo baahan yahay: Bunker, IDVOR IDR.). Midda labaad waa sida ay shaqadu kalkaalihiintu ku tiirsan tahay gebi ahaanba korantada soo socota ee dibedda, qalliinkeeda aan carqaladeysan, waa inaad abuurtaa nidaam nafaqo oo deg-deg ah.
Suuqa guryaha waxaa ku jira kuleylka pellet shirkadahaas shisheeye, sida Kunzel (Jarmalka), Weerar (Slovakia), Jamhuuriyadda (Czech Republic), Ferrendro, Sloessandro, Ferrener, Fersolo, Atmos, Atmos, Kalvis, OPLOP (Woody, Bok), Protherm, Viatrus (Hercules Duo) IDR. Soo-saareyaasha Ruushka ayaa aad u yar: "Alt-a", "styrintluelue" iyo "otomaatig ah".
"Thermo--World" | 
| 
|
28-30. Qalliinka kuleylka pellet beomist (28) ayaa la xakameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo koronto yar (29). S-Moos-udgoonku saddex-dhir ah oo dammaanad qaad ah ayaa dammaanad ka bixiya wax ku ool ah ilaa 88%. Guurka nooca nooca ah (30) wuxuu ka kooban yahay bir bir ah wuxuuna kuu oggolaanayaa inaad ku gubto pellets-ka oo leh qaybo yar yar oo jilif ah iyo xitaa ku dhawaad quarterz.
Markaad dooranayso kuleylka pellet, xirfadlayaashu waxay kugula talinayaan inaad fiiro gaar ah u yeelato heerka isku-darka isku-darka ee tayada grantules-ka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, kuleylka Jarmalka ayaa si gaar ah u shaqeynaya. Aamitaian, sida biomiTat, oo uga mahadcelinaya qaabeynta khaaska ah ee gubashada, taa bedelkeeda, oo aan wax ka qabanin. Kuwaas kuleyliyayaasha iyo faa'iidooyinka kale waa:: s-qaabeysan saddex-dhir ah kuleylka, siinta wax ku oolnimada 88%; Qaab dhismeedka shidaalka ee la xoojiyay oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad kudarto xaashiyaha kombiyuutarka 50% wixii ku saabsan biomass qalalan ee la jajabiyey, waa.p.
Shirkadaha qaar waxay soo saaraan xirmooyin qalab khaas ah markii lagu rakibay oo aad u tarjumi karto kuleylka adag ee shidaalka adag ee ay shirkadan ka soo saareen dilalka. Tusaale ahaan, Wirebord, Wirebord wuxuu soo saaray xirmooyin pelet ah, oo loogu talagalay in lagu dhejiyo labadaba raaxo-daryo cusub oo dheer iyo kuwa shaqeeya ee Eko-ck iyo taxanaha ee EKO-CKBT. Martiqaarka waxaa ka mid ah gubashada pellet (waxay ka kooban tahay taageere, kala-goyn iyo nidaam shidaal otomaatig ah), albaabka dijitaalka ah, albaabka hoose ee kuleylka, barkadaha loo yaqaan 'granules' 330l iyo daboolka daboolka. Qiimaha shaqaalaysiinta - laga bilaabo 107 kun oo rubles ah. Sime wuxuu bixiyaa go'an la mid ah.
Waa maxay natiijada?
Maqaalkeennu wuxuu muujinayaa in dhibaatada ugu weyn ee la shaqeynta kuleylka adag ee shidaalka adag (waxay ka kooban tahay kordhinta waqtiga u dhexeeya buugga shidaalka) waa la xallin karaa. Hagaag, xulashada isku-darka dhexdhexaadka ah ee adag (Classic), Pyrolysis, pellet ama kululeeyaha gubashada sare adigaa iska leh.Sifooyinka qaarkood ee kuleylka adag ee shidaalka adag
| Astaamo | Oo leh qolka gubashada | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wax soo saare | Sitime | Wireb. | Wireb. | Dakon. | Dakon. | Dakon. | Prether. | Buss. |
| Mark Kotla | Adkaynta (f)) | Eko (c1)) | Eko-ck (c) | Dor (c) | Dor D (c) | FB D (H) | "Beaver" (h) | Logano g211 d (h) |
| Tirada moodooyinka, PC-yada. | 6. | sagaal | sagaal | shan | 2. | shan | shan | shan |
| Nooc | Sonfca 3-Susci 8 (H) | Eko 14-eko 80 | Eko-ck 20-eko-ck 110 | Dor 12-Dor 32 | 32d-45d. | FB 20 D-FB 42 D | 20 Dlo-60 Dlo | G211 20d-g211 42d |
| Awoodda kuleylka, KW | 40. | 20-80 | 20-110 | 12-32. | 28-45 | 17-38 | 19-48 | 20-42. |
| Shidaal loo qoray | Shidaal kasta oo adag | Dhulka Brown | Xaabada, dhuxusha | Dhuxul bunni ah 2-3cm | Xiran | Xiran | Dhuxusha, xaabada | Dhuxul codka, xaabada, bruquettes |
| Hufnaanta,% | 75-80 | N / d2) | N / D. | 78-84 | 75-82 | N / D. | 90.2 | 78-82 |
| Shidaal gurmad ah | Khudaar | Rabbaani ah, gaas, pellets | Rabbaani ah, gaas, pellets | Dhuxul dhagax ah, briquettes, xaabada | Dhul-dhuxul bunni ah, bir-qabad, coke | Dhuxul | Shidaal kasta oo adag | Gaas, labiska, briquettes |
| Dhererka, mm. | 1082. | 900-1250 | 1200-1300 | 920-1040. | 1040-1045 | 1035. | 935. | 1033. |
| Ballac, mm. | 469. | 600-860 | 450-700 | 600-700 | 700-750 | 500. | 440. | 490. |
| Qoto dheer, mm. | 355-855 | 960-1150 | 526-776 | 730-830 | 770-830 | 840-1240. | 570-1170 | 840-1240. |
| Mugga foornada, l | 17-60 | 62-392. | N / D. | 26-61 | 63-115 | 22.5-59.5 | N / D. | 25.5-59.5 |
| Dhererka waa buuxsamay, arag | 60. | 55-60 | 50-55 | N / D. | N / D. | 29-69 | 32-68 | Illaa 68. |
| Cufnaanta kuleylka biyo la'aan, kg | 175-350 | 175-382. | 253-451 | 158-240 | 240-320 | 210-350 | 230-455 | 210-350 |
| Mugga biyaha ee kuleylka, l | 23-43 | 33-100 | 76-214 | 47-64 | 64-73 | 27-43 | 19,9-39.8. | 27-43 |
| Baarka cadaadiska biyaha | 6. | 2.5 | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | afar | afar | afar |
| Isticmaalka tamarta, w | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya | N / D. |
| Dhexroor chimney, mm | 147. | 133-180 | 150-200. | 145. | 180. | N / D. | 130-150 | 150. |
| Chimney your, MBAR | N / D. | 0.14-0.28 | 0.16-0.32 | 0.12-0.22 | 0.22-0.26 | 0.20-0.28. | 0.20-0.32 | 0.10-0.28 |
| Qiimaha, kun kun rubles. | 40-60 | 30-76 | 52-124. | 29-39 | 44-56 | 45-64 | 40-70 | 48-68 |
| Astaamo | Oo leh qolka gubashada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wax soo saare | Buss. | Hajdu. | Dib-u-habeyn. | Dib-u-habeyn. | OPAP. | Atmos. |
| Mark Kotla | Loginos111 (c) | Hvk (c) | Hercules u-26 (h) | Hercules U-22 (H) | Opap h (c) | AC 25S (c) |
| Tirada moodooyinka, PC-yada. | lix iyo toban | 3. | siddeed | 7. | 6. | shan |
| Nooc | 12-32 / 32d-45d | HVK20-HVK40. | 3D-10D. | U22 D-4-U22 D-10 | H412-h650 | C 18s-C 50s |
| Awoodda kuleylka, KW | 12-32 / 32-45 | 20-40 | 12-66 | 12-58 | 12-50 | 18-50 |
| Shidaal loo qoray | Dhulka bunni, xaabada | Dhuxusha, xaabada | Dhuxul, coke, qolofta leh, xaabada | Dhuxul, geed | Shidaal kasta oo adag | Dhulka bunni, xaabada |
| Hufnaanta,% | 78-84 | 80. | 80. | 71-78 | 75-80 | 81-88 |
| Shidaal gurmad ah | Dhuxul dhagax, dhadday | Briquettes, gaas, qoryo | Maya | Briquettes, pellets | Maya | Maya |
| Dhererka, mm. | 920-1060 | 1344-1462. | 1128. | 974. | 865-1524 | 1120-1360 |
| Ballac, mm. | 424-688 | 426-526 | 544. | 520. | 386-534 | 590. |
| Qoto dheer, mm. | 730-980 | 528. | 383-1153. | 750-11330 | 465-727 | 845-1105 |
| Mugga foornada, l | 25.5-59.5 | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | 35-97 | 66-150 |
| Dhererka waa buuxsamay, arag | N / D. | N / D. | 18-95 | N / D. | N / D. | 33-53 |
| Cufnaanta kuleylka biyo la'aan, kg | 158-320. | 189-246. | 215-526 | 257-485 | 150-390. | 225-415 |
| Mugga biyaha ee kuleylka, l | 46-73 | N / D. | 27-67 | N / D. | 25-110 | N / D. |
| Baarka cadaadiska biyaha | 2.5 | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | 2. | N / D. |
| Isticmaalka tamarta, w | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | Maya | N / D. |
| Dhexroor chimney, mm | 150-180 | N / D. | 156-176 | 156-176 | 130-159 | 152. |
| Chimney your, MBAR | 0.12-0.36 | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | 0.18-0.27 | 0.22-0.28. |
| Qiimaha, kun kun rubles. | 30-64 | 38-42. | 33-61 | 44-61 | 28-62 | 100-203. |
| Astaamo | Oo leh toban-jir | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wax soo saare | Wireb. | "Evan" | Zota. | Zota. |
| Mark Kotla | Eko-el (c) | Diirimaad-tt (c) | "Smoky" (H) | Isku qas (c) |
| Tirada moodooyinka, PC-yada. | sagaal | 2. | 3. | afar |
| Nooc | Eko-el 14/6 --e-el 80/24 | TT-18 K, TT-25 K | Adot-18 -POT-25 | Kst-20 -kst-50 |
| Awoodda kuleylka, KW | 14-80 | 18-25 | 18-25 | 20- 50. |
| Shidaal loo qoray | Dhulka bunni, xaabada | Dhuxusha, xaabada | Dhuxusha, xaabada | Dhuxusha, xaabada |
| Hufnaanta,% | N / D. | 65-75 | N / D. | N / D. |
| Shidaal gurmad ah | Qoraxda, gaaska. | Maya | Maya | Gaas |
| Dhererka, mm. | 900-1250 | 1100. | 700-880 | 1050-1175 |
| Ballac, mm. | 600-860 | 500. | 540-610 | 430-480 |
| Qoto dheer, mm. | 960-1150 | 740-820 | 690-760 | 550-750 |
| Mugga foornada, l | 62-392. | 50-60 | 70-90. | 35-79 |
| Dhererka waa buuxsamay, arag | 55. | 55. | 45. | 30-50 |
| Cufnaanta kuleylka biyo la'aan, kg | 175-382. | 91-101 | 110-160 | 135-207 |
| Mugga biyaha ee kuleylka, l | 29-100 | 42-45 | 52-95 | 50-140. |
| Baarka cadaadiska biyaha | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2. | 2.5 |
| Isticmaalka tamarta, w | 6000-24 000 | 2000-6000 | 1000-6000 | 1000-9000 |
| Dhexroor chimney, mm | 133-180 | 159. | 200-2543) | 160-180 |
| Chimney your, MBAR | 0.14-0.28 | 0.1-0.3 | 0.12-0,16 | 0.2-0.3 |
| Qiimaha, kun kun rubles. | 38-101 | 26-31 | 21-28. | 30-45 |
1) Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka: c birta, c - bir; 2) n / d - wax xog ah; 3) Soo-saaraha uu soo saaray by soo-saareha qiiqa ee qaybta qiiqa ee qiiqa, cm2. (Tixraac: aag chimney oo leh qeybta iskutallaabta ee hal leben (2613cm) - 338 cm2.)
| Astaamo | Gasomerates oo leh qolka gubashada gaaska ee sareeya | Matoor gaas leh oo leh qolka gubashada ee hoose | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wax soo saare | OPAP. | "Burzhuy-k" | "Uralenerk" | Wireb. | Dakon. | Dakon. | Atmos. | Viesmann. |
| Mark Kotla | H730 pyro (c1)) | "Burzhuy-k" (CH1)) | "Foowrs cajiib ah" (c) | Biyo-Tec (c) | Damat Pyro (H) | KP Pyro (c) | DC (c) | Vitligno 100-s (c) |
| Tirada moodalka khadka | hal / kow | shan | 6. | siddeed | shan | afar | afar iyo toban | shan |
| Nooc | H730 Pyro. | T-10- T-100 | KW-12- KW-60 | Bio-toec 18- bio-toec 80 | 20 g- 36 g | KP 18- KP 38 | Dc 15e- dc 100 | 100-s. |
| Awoodda kuleylka, KW | soddon | 10-100 | 8-60 | 18-80 | 20-36. | 21-40 | 15-99 | 25-80 |
| Shidaal loo qoray | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran |
| Hufnaanta,% | 86. | 85. | 75-80 | 91. | 80-85 | 85. | 81-88 | 88. |
| Shidaal gurmad ah | Dhulka Brown | Dhuxul kasta | Shidaal kasta oo adag | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya |
| Dhererka, mm. | 1010. | 760-1610 | 950-1350 | 1085-1735 | 1165. | 1188-1250 | 1180-1590. | 1015-1389. |
| Ballac, mm. | 480. | 380-780 | 500-900 | 570-820 | 670. | 626-686 | 590-980 | 618-841 |
| Qoto dheer, mm. | 1110. | 610-1100 | 1000-1500 | 1245-1545 | 690-1090. | 995-1085 | 845-1180 | 1190-1885. |
| Mugga qolka gubashada, l | 72. | 55-570 | 50-200. | 87-393. | 48-115 | 66-138 | 66-180 | 100-300 |
| Dhererka waa buuxsamay, mm | N / d2) | 450-950 | 39-88 | 550-930 | 280-680 | 430-580 | N / D. | 500. |
| Cufnaanta kuleylka biyo la'aan, kg | 355. | 100-1400. | 150-450 | 435-735 | 405-640 | 240-300 | 273-780 | 390. |
| Mugga biyaha ee kuleylka, l | 48. | 18-65 | 70-480 | 81-271 | 68-100 | 76-1224. | 45-171 | 100-350 |
| Baarka cadaadiska biyaha | 2. | 4.5 | 2. | 2.5 | afar | 2. | 2. | 3. |
| Isticmaalka tamarta, w | Maya | Maya | Maya | Maya | 85. | 55. | N / D. | 60. |
| Dhexroor chimney, mm | 160. | 130-250 | 159-219 | 150-200. | 150. | 150. | N / D. | 150-200. |
| Chimney your, MBAR | N / D. | N / D. | 0.20-0.30 | N / D. | 0.20-0.29 | 0.20 / 0.28. | N / D. | 0.10-0.20 |
| Qiimaha, kun kun rubles. | 77. | 37-161 | 18-69 | 109-283 | 70-82. | 73-125 | 84-417 | 95-264. |
| Astaamo | Matoor gaas leh oo leh qolka gubashada ee hoose | Gubashada sare | Pelitte | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wax soo saare | Buss. | OPAP. | Rojek. | Aramikas. | Sitime | OPAP. | Atmos. | Baomihiilo |
| Mark Kotla | S121, S121WT (c) | Ecomax (c) | KTP (c) | Shumac (c) | Sonfca 8Pl (H) | Woody (c) | D (c) | Vm (c) |
| Tirada moodalka khadka | siddeed | 3. | shan | 3. | hal / kow | shan | afar | labaatan |
| Nooc | 18-38 | Ecomax 25- Ecomax 42 | KTP 20- KTP 50 | Shumaca M-20 / shumaca 20 / shumaca 35 | Xorta 8Pl | Woody 16- Woody 80 | D 15 p- D 45 | BM-15-BM-1400 |
| Awoodda kuleylka, KW | 18-38 | 25-42 | 20-50 | 20/20/35 | 26. | 16-80 | 15-45 | 15-1400 |
| Shidaal loo qoray | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Dhuxul, xaabo, bir-qabad | Khudaar | Khudaar | Khudaar | Khudaar |
| Hufnaanta,% | 78-85 | 83-79 | 75. | 85. | 86-92. | 90-94 | 91-92 | 87-92 |
| Shidaal gurmad ah | Qashinka alwaax | Shidaal kasta oo adag | Brown iyo Dhuxul dhagax ah, Buruttes, Coke | Maya | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran | Xiran |
| Dhererka, mm. | 1250-1315 | 1200-1475 | 605-745 | 1550/2070/2070 | 1082. | 1307-1272. | 1405. | 1100-3300 |
| Ballac, mm. | 626-686 | 612-712 | 495-800 | 570/570/7006) | 856-1230 | 515-743 | 606. | 500-1500. |
| Qoto dheer, mm. | 935-1085 | 850-1120 | 1165-1260 | - | 1050. | 750-1009. | 470-870 | 450-2390. |
| Mugga qolka gubashada, l | 66-138 | 120-200 | 90-166. | 195/260/400 | 200, 300, 5003) | 2203) | 250, 500, 10003) | 2503) |
| Dhererka waa buuxsamay, mm | 430-580 | 370-570 | 300-600 | 350-550 | 600. | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. |
| Cufnaanta kuleylka biyo la'aan, kg | 310-410 | 270-455 | 235-420 | 210/250/300 | 350. | 290-510 | 259-430 | 200-5000 |
| Mugga biyaha ee kuleylka, l | 76-1224. | 60-78 | 98-165 | 30/45/53 | 43. | 50-125 | 65-117 | 40-2300. |
| Baarka cadaadiska biyaha | 2. | 2. | N / D. | 1.5 | afar | 2. | N / D. | 2.5 |
| Isticmaalka tamarta, w | konton | 21-50 | Maya | Maya | 3004) / 505) | 350-6504) / 50-1255) | 535-11704) / 120-1355) | 700-35004) / n / D |
| Dhexroor chimney, mm | 150. | 160. | 159-219 | 160. | 147. | 130-180 | 152. | 160-500 |
| Chimney your, MBAR | N / D. | 0.25. | 0.10-0.12. | 0.15 / 0.15 / 0.21 | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. | N / D. |
| Qiimaha, kun kun rubles. | 86-104 | 126-134. | 87 100-145 900. | 84-97 | 260-307 | 161-200 | 116-186 | 253-330 |
1) Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka: c birta, c - bir; 2) n / d - wax xog ah; 3) mugga pellut pumpland; 4) isticmaalka korantada korantada bilowga (inta lagu jiro dabka); 5) Isticmaalka korantada korantada ee habka shaqada; 6) dhexroorka kuleylka, mm.
Tifaftirayaasha ayaa ka mahadcelinaya shirkadda Budes, Sime, protrrm, byzhuy-k, "beero kululaynta" - "zopoet", "yelucel-ka", " Evan "si looga caawiyo diyaarinta maaddada.