Tallaabooyinka amniga dabka ee guriga - ololka dib-u-dhigista, jaranjarooyinka samatabbixinta, noocyada dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dabka.
1- kl-1,
"Everotherm";
2 "Fenilaks", "ayuu", "Sezhezh Ognebio Prof", "Pyrex", CSDA, CSD, CSD-yada-1;
3- "Fenilaks", "Sezhezh Ongnebio Prof", "Pyprex", CSDA, CSD, CSD, OZP-1, "CONPEM", "
4- "Tritrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrm", "FAEFLEX", "Endoterm", OZP-1
Guri dhista, sidaad ogtahay, kaliya badh xaqa, waa inaad wali awood u yeelatid inaad ilaaliso. Tusaale ahaan, ka mid ah musiibada oo kale, sida dab. Waxaan u hibeyneynaa dib-u-eegista tallaabooyinka badbaadada dabka ee dugsiga hoose iyo aaladaha dab-deminta dab-demiska ee aasaasiga ah ee ay tahay in guri walba ku jiro.
Aasaasiga ah sababa taxaddar la'aan bini-aadamnimo
(Wasaaradda Xaaladaha Degdega ah)
Markay lagama maarmaan tahay in la daryeelo badbaadada dabka ee guriga
Si looga fikiro arinta amniga dabka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah marxaladda "Qorshaha". Si kale haddii loo dhigo, daqiiqaddaas marka aad uun dhisi doontid wax uun. Marxaladan, waxaad go'aamisaa guriga leben si aad u dhisto ama alwaax tahay, maxay tahay aasaaska, sida iyo sida loo kululeeyo mustaqbalka gaaska, korantada, ama lagu diyaariyo kuleylka foornada, iyo in si fiican u qodnaado dayrka (si fiican u qod) ama ku xidho dhuumaha biyaha tuulada ee tuulada. Iyo xalka mid kasta oo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinkaas ayaa ah hal dariiqo ama mid kale oo la xidhiidha badbaadada dabka. Xitaa haddii aadan ka shakisaneyn.Marxaladda ugu muhiimsan ee ay tahay badbaadada dabka ee xarunta ayaa la xallin lahaa waa naqshadda. Heerarka badbaadada dabka ayaa daruuri ku jira mashruuca (Snip21.01-97 * "" Badbaadinta dabka ee dhismayaasha iyo dhismayaasha ", Snip 2.08.01-89 *" Dhismooyinka Deganeyaasha "). Waxaa la micno ah goobta guriga ee la xiriirta dhismayaasha deriska ah, qaabeynta, sagxadaha, agabyada iyo qaabeynta darbiyada, isku-darka, jaakadaha, fursadaha daadgureynta. Arimaha nabdoonaanta dabka ayaa la xalliyaa xitaa marxaladaha, waxay umuuqataa inay si toos ah ula xiriirto: koronto yaqaan iyo hawo, biyo-saadka iyo wasakhda biyaha iyo bullaacadda. Tusaale ahaan, oo leh "electirectijin" ee dhismaha, waxaa muhiim ah in la doorto furaha si aad u doorato qaybta iskutallaabta ee fiilooyinka korantada oo xushmad leh xamuulka suurtagalka ah, si aad u bixiso RCD iyo salka ku haysa. Iyo khaladaadka ku jira gobollada "si aad ah ugu takhasusay" waxay u horseedi karaan dab. Markaa, wax badan waxay kuxirantahay sida loo tartamo mashruucu. Sidaa darteed, in waxkasta lagu kalsoonaan karo in wax walba ay ku habboon yihiin mashruuca, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si gaar ah loogu dabaqo xirfadlayaal - heerarkooda, si toos ah ayey u dhaqmayaan, heerka fal celinta. Caadi ahaan, adeegyada xirfadda leh waxoogaa ka qaalisan "hiwaayadda", laakiin adiga, sida ay dhahaan, si nabad ah ayey u seexan doonaan si nabad ah.
Sidee loo yareeyaa suuragalnimada dabka haddii gurigu horey loo dhisay?
Marka ugu horeysa, waa lagama maarmaan:
fuliyaan daaweynta ololka ololka ee loo yaqaan 'alwaax iyo qaab dhismeedka birta;
Iibso aaladaha dab-demiska ee aasaasiga ah (dab bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha, tuubooyinka dabka waa.p.);
bixiyaan tilmaamo aan toos ahayn (oo aan toos ahayn) oo ilaalin ah oo ilaalin ah;
Isku day inaad magdhow ka bixiso khaladaadka mashruuca, haddii ay jiraan.
Maxay muhiim u tahay inaad ka fikirto amniga dabka ee mar horeba marxaladda naqshadeynta?
Sida ku xusan macluumaadkayaga, oo hadda ku jira gobolka Duma ayaa lagu horumariyaa sharciga caymiska khasabka ah ee dhismayaasha shaqsiyeed. Waxay u badan tahay, waxay la mid noqon doontaa sharciga dhowaan la qaatay ee caymiska khasabka ah ee khasabka shaqsiyeed ee gaadiidka ".
Caymiska qasabka ah waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Ruushka ee XIXV.- Guriga gaarka loo leeyahay wuxuu ahaa caymis, ilig gaar ah oo bir ah, taas oo, xitaa haddii dhismaha la gubay, si fudud ayaa loo go'aamiyay shirkadda ay ahayd caymis. Caymiska qasabka ah wuxuu jiray soddonkii qarniyadii qarnigii la soo dhaafay, ka dib taas oo aysan ku qasbin "ganacsatada khaaska ah", laakiin iskaa wax u qabso ah. Hadana "xirashada" waa dib-u-dhac. Aad bayna u badan tahay in shirkadaha caymiska ay ka qaadi doonaan tabaruc sare oo loogu talagalay kuwa guriga jooga, halkaas oo suuragalnimada dabku ka sarreeyo (ugu yaraan ay suuragal tahay). Haddii aad rabto inaad yareyso xaddiga tabaruca caymiska, keena guriga xaalad habboon.
Koox ka mid ah dabka dabka si hufan ee dhismayaasha dhismaha
| Lambarka kooxda | Alwaax ka samaysan | Bir |
|---|---|---|
| Daboolida ayaa bixinaysa | ||
| Yareynta luminta cufnaanta prototype inta lagu jiro gubashada xaaladaha lagu qeexay habka | Gaarista heerkulka halista ah ee birta ah (500C) waqtiga, min | |
| Kowaad | Wax aan ka badnayn 9% - qoryaha shaqada-ku-koraya | Ugu yaraan 150. |
| Labaad | Laga bilaabo 9 ilaa 30% - alwaax wajiga | Laga bilaabo 120 ilaa 150 |
| Saddexaad | In ka badan 30% - ma bixiso dabeylo | Laga bilaabo 90 ilaa 120 |
| Afaraad | Ma jiro | Laga bilaabo 60 ilaa 90 |
| Shanaad | Ma jiro | 30 ilaa 60 |
| Lix | Ma jiro | Wax kayar 30. |
Daaweynta Dabka ee Dabka
Qaab-dhismeedka kaynta dabka dabka. Waa iska cadahay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in laga ilaaliyo qoryaha dabka maxaa yeelay waxay tixraacaysaa agabyada dhaqanka ee dhaqanka. Full dib u soo noqoshada qaabdhismeedka alwaaxda ayaa loo tarjumay qoryaha kooxda guban kara, iyo xitaa waxyaabaha sifiican loo hayo ee lagu baabi'iyo oo keliya aaladda tooska ah ee dabka iyo si xad-dhaaf ah oo ku faafaya gubashada. Siyaabaha ugu waxtarka badan ee ilaalinta noocan ah - ka baaraandegida daaqadaha gaarka ah, daaha, varnishs iyo rinjiyeynta ama wax lagu tufo.Nasiib wanaag iyo rinji. Saamaynta dib-u-dhigga dib-u-dhigga waxay ku saleysan yihiin xaqiiqda ah in markii lagu soo bandhigayo heerkulka sare, daboolka uu daalay, sameynta shaashadda kuleylka-gaashaanka ee xumbo aan la dulqaadan karin. Haysashada guryo qurxin oo ku filan.
Daabacaadda iyo xeryahooda qaab-qaabeysan oo dhaladeed oo ka ilaalinaya dabka, laakiin ma hayaan guryo qurxin oo ku filan oo ku filan.
Xalka milix ee cusbada (dib-u-dhacyada ololka) ayaa lagu dabaqay dusha sare ee alwaaxa ama lagu maareeyo gadhka qoto dheer oo cadaadis ah. Sii difaac kahortaga qaabdhismeedka alwaaxa dabka iyada oo ay jirto soo-gaadhista maxalliga ah ee dabka, tusaale ahaan, xaaladaha dabka. Xaaladdan oo kale, kaliya isku dhafka ah ee maaddada ayaa la arkay, kaasoo ku xaddidan aagga taabashada tooska ah ee ololka. Waxaan u baahanahay inaan ku soo celinno sino xilli xilli ah, marka la dalbado, suurtagal maahan.
Caadi ahaan, mid ka mid ah lacagahaas midkoodna kama dhigeyso geedka gabi ahaanba aan guban karin, laakiin mid kastaaba wuxuu kordhiyaa xadka naqshada iska caabbinta dabka. Tani waxay dhacdaa iyadoo la kordhinayo xadka heerkulka ee dabka alwaaxda, ama natiijada kororka muddada ka hortagga dabka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, dhammaan jaakadaha liis gareysan oo fududeeya deminta dabka, iyo mararka qaarna si fudud looga saaro suurtagalnimada dhacdo dhacdo.
Dabka dib-u-dhigista iyo waxyaabaha dabka dabka dabka ee ku saabsan joornaalkayaga u heellan dib-u-eegis gaar ah (eeg maqaalka
"Waxa la ilaaliyo qaab dhismeedka alwaax."). Sidaa darteed, si faahfaahsan uma degi doono, laakiin waxaan u sheegi doonnaa oo keliya isbeddelo ka dhacay suuqa tan iyo markii la siidaayay dib-u-eegista xusulku ka soo celiyay.
Illaa iyo hadda, dhammaan timaha loo isticmaalo daaweynta dibedda ee aqalka alwaax ah ayaa bixiyay oo keliya kooxda ku takhasusay ee difaaca labaad. Hadda suuqyadu waxay ka muuqdeen suuqa, iyagoo bixinaya kooxda koowaad. Marka, tusaale ahaan, NPPdu "ayaa siidaayay halayaal ku saleysan dab-damis dab-damis", oo, qiimaha 300g / m2, waxay siisaa koox labaad oo hufnaan ah oo ololaya, iyo qiimaha 500g / M2- Marka hore. Halabuurka ka kooban dusha sare ee dusha sare ee alwaaxka ah ayaa loo oggol yahay iyada oo la raacayo xaalada daaha ka xigta ee qoyaanka rinjiga u adkaysta qoyaan. Xaraashka, bixinta alwaaxda kooxdii ugu horreysay, ayaa sii deysay shirkad kale oo gudaha ah "TSorbashchit". Alaabta waxaa loo yaqaan "Sezhes dabka 'Prof' 'waxaana loogu talagalay oo keliya adeegsiga gudaha (isticmaalka lagu taliyay - 600G / M2). Waxay siisaa alwaax casaan casaan ah.
Dhammaan waxyaabaha dabka ka jiray ee dabka ka jira ama rinjiyeynaya in loo tarjumay qoryaha loo tarjumay kooxdii ugu horreysay ee hufnaanta ololaha dib-u-dhigga waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo gudaha dhismayaasha. Laakiin NPP-ga "ee la iibiyay" ayaa siidaayay rinjiga difaaca dabka ee ku saleysan Pyrex-ku-saleysan, oo loo isticmaali karo sidii gudaha (xaaladahaan, soo-saaraha ay dammaanad ka qaadaan daboolka ololka dib-u-dhigga iyo qurxinta ugu yaraan 5 sano) iyo dibaddaba. Run, oo leh adeegsi dibadeed dusha sare ee rinjiga, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo lakabka cimilada varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varnish varid varnish -115- Isticmaalka 150-180g / m2, nts-132p- Isugeynta 110-130g / M2, oo ah casaanka-16- casaanka 200-250 g / m2). Daboolida noocan oo kale ah ayaa loogu talagalay in looga hortago burburka rinjiga ololka ololka ee ku saabsanaanta jawiga.
Ilaalinta qaabdhismeedka birta ah. Sida la yaqaan, birta dhismaha waa mid aad u cimri badan, laakiin aad u nugul heerkulka sare. Marka, marka heerkulka la gaaro, 500naadkii, guryaha xoogga ee birta si weyn ayaa loo yareeyay, iyo naqshadeynta ayaa bilaabmaya inay yareeyaan. Natiijo ahaan, xadka dhabta ah ee iska caabbinta dabka ee qaabdhismeedka birta, waxay kuxirantahay dhumucda qaybaha iyo walbahaarka firfircoon, waa qiyamka ugu yar ee xadka loo baahan yahay ee caabbinta dabka ee dhismaha dabka ee dhismaha dabka (oo ay ku jiraan bir) - laga bilaabo 0.25 ilaa 2, 5h, iyadoo kuxiran heerka caabbinta dabka ee dhismayaasha iyo nooca dhismayaasha.
Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in waqtiga lagu gaaro heerkulka xasaasiga ah uu yahay inta ugu badan ee suuragalka ah. Hawshani waxaa loo xalliyaa inta badan iyadoo la abuurayo shaashad-bir-bir-bir ah dusha sare ee qeybaha birta. Waxay u adkeystaan heerkulka sare iyo saamaynta tooska ah ee dabka sidaa darteedna u oggolow naqshadda inay keydiso howlahooda inta lagu jiro dabka waqtiga lagu gudajiro. Waa suurtagal labada qaab ee dhaqanka ee lagu gaaro yoolkan (isku-darka, xalka dahabka ee loo yaqaan 'leben-ka', isticmaalka casriga ah (isticmaalka balaastigga kuleylka ee ku saleysan asbestos, permiculite, luulka macdanta, iwm.) . Adeegsiga farsamooyinkan ayaa bixiya xadka caabbinta dabka ee ku saabsan qaabdhismeedka birta ee u dhexeeya 0.75-3. Hagaag, waxa la sameeyo, hadiina uusan lahayn dhisme kale? Dib-u-celinta ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa dusha sare ee rinjiga gaarka ah ee birta. Sida rinjiga ololka ololka ee ololka alwaaxyada, saamayntoodu waxay ku saleysan tahay magdhowga halabuurka heerkulka heerkulka 170-200C iyo sameynta kuleylka kuleylka ee lakab ah, dhumucdu waa dhawr sintimimitir. Isticmaalka agabyadan ayaa kuu oggolaanaya inaad kordhiso xadka caabbinta dabka ee loo yaqaan qaab dhismeedka birta illaa 0.75-1h.
| Magac | Wax soo saare | Ujeeddo | Ilaalinta dib-u-dhigga, sanadaha | Kooxda firfircoon ee firfircoon ee kufsiga geedka ka dib markii ay ka kooban yihiin | Midab | Parasovka | Qiimaha halkii xirmo, xoq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Phenylaks" - Qaab dhismeedka dabka dabka ee ku saleysan dabka | "Qiyaas" | Iftiiminta ka ilaaliso qoryaha gudaha iyo banaanka dhismaha | Illaa 4. | 1 ama 2 iyadoo kuxiran isticmaalka | Midab lahayn | 6, 11 iyo 220 kg | 81, 141 iyo 2754 |
| KSD-FLASherprespess | "Qiyaas" | Daminta dabka ee qoryaha gudaha iyo banaanka dhismaha | Illaa 5. | 2. | Midab lahayn | 10 L. | 210. |
| Pyrex - line-ka dib-u-soo-dajinta biyo-damiska biyaha oo ay weheliso biocades | "Qiyaas" | Midabka dib-u-dhigga ee ololka alwaaxyada alwaaxyada ee gudaha iyo banaanka qolalka | Gudaha 8, banaanka- 2-4 | hal / kow | Cad | 6 iyo 12 kg | 1092 iyo 2160. |
| Feyl-200 - olol olol | Ururka "Krilak" | Ilaalinta geedka, plywood. Fiberboard-ka iyo chipboard-ka gudaha ee ka soo baxa dabka iyo qummanaanta | Illaa 15 | 1. Xadka eber ee ololka ayaa ku faafa dusha sare | Grey | 25 kg | 1500. |
| "Feyl-300" - koollada dabka dabka | Ururka "Krilak" | Ilaalinta marinka birta iyo kanaalada qiiqa ka qaadista qiiqa ee gudaha ku shaqeeya | Illaa 15 | 3. Xaddiga iska caabbinta dabka 1 saac | Grey | 33 kg | 1900. |
| Faylasha-400 - Flolka Flome | Ururka "Krilak" | Ilaalinta qaabdhismeedka birta ee la raro ee ku shaqeeya gudaha | Illaa 15 | 3. Xaddiga iska caabbinta dabka 1 saac | Grey | 33 kg | 1400. |
| "Faeflex" - rinji dabka dabka | Ururka "Krilak" | Ilaalinta qaabdhismeedka injineerrada birta ku shaqeeya gudaha | Illaa 15 | 4. Xadka caabbinta dabka oo aan ka yarayn 0.75 h | Cawlan khafiif ah | 26 kg | 9860. |
| CL-1- Dabka-Dabka-Dabka | Ururka "Krilak" | Kahortagga gascadaha fiilada fiilada ee dabka iyo qaybinta dabka | Ilaa 10 | Waafaqsanaada shuruudaha NPB 238-97 | Cad | 12 kg | 8500. |
| Yoas-1- rinjiga ololka | Oomite | Kahortagga geedka kahortaga dabka iyo quddaa | Illaa 5. | hal / kow | Grey | 5 kg | 400. |
| Ozp-1- ololka rinjiga dib-u-dhaca | Oomite | Ilaalinta qaabdhismeedka birta ee daboolay rinjiga iyo jaakadaha korantada | Illaa 5. | 4. Xadka caabbinta dabka oo aan ka yarayn 0.75 h | Cawlan (ama amarka hoostiisa) | 68 kg | 9200. |
| "Sezhsez ogggiatio Prof" - Hungashada Difaaca | "Ilaalinta geedka" | Olol-difaac-ilaaliya alwaax gudaha ah | Illaa 5. | hal / kow | Casaan casaan ah | 5, 25 iyo 80 kg | 90, 430 iyo 1360 |
| KSDA 1/2- 2- Qalabka dabka | "Lovin" | Daminta dabka ee qoryaha gudaha iyo banaanka dhismaha | Illaa 5. | 2. | Midab lahayn | 10 L. | 248/495 |
| Qubeyska-1- | "Neochim" | Ka baaraandegida qaabdhismeedka alwaaxa, dharka iyo roogagga | Illaa 5. | 1. koox qaab dhismeedka alwaax ah | Xalka daahfuran | 25kg | 2100. |
| "Tritrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrm styl" | "A iyo B" | Ilaalinta qaabdhismeedka birta ee injineerka | In kabadan 10. | 4. Xadka caabbinta dabka oo aan ka yarayn 0.75 h | Cad | 25 kg | 9600. |
| "Endoterm" - Flate dib udhac ah | "Qalabka gaarka ah" | Ilaalinta alaabada birta ah iyo waxyaabaha xawaashka ah | Illaa 12. | 1. koox fiilo ah. 4. Koox alaabooyin bir ah | Cawlan madow | 68 kg | 3370. |
Badbaadinta Dabka Koowaad
Dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha Dabka. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo sida loo isticmaalo samaynta dabka dabka ee fasalada a, b, oo leh e (dabka fasalka ee waaxda la degan yahay, sida caadiga ah, ma jiraan dab bakhtiiyeyaasha dabka ah. Soo-saarku badanaa waa gudaha. Soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn waa in loogu yeeraa "Qolka Koowaad" (Butlok) iyo "shaabad" (tula).
Dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-damiska ayaa loo kala saaraa iyada oo loo eegayo dhowr cabirro: Nooca walxaha deminta loo adeegsado, mugga guryaha, habka loo quudiyo dab-damiska halabuurka iyo nooca aaladaha bilaabida. Marka mugga guryaha, dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha ayaa loo qaybiyaa in yar (oo ah mugga guryaha - illaa 5l), buugga warshadaha (mugga jirka - laga bilaabo 10 illaa 40 litir), 50l - 100l Dhismooyinka degenaanshaha, sida caadiga ah, ee aan loo isticmaalin dib-u-eegiddan laguma darin).
Qaabka loo bixiyo wakaaladaha dab-demiska, aaladaha waxaa loo qaybin karaa gaas gaas ah oo gaas ah oo cadaadiskeeda ku jira wakiilka daminta dabka. Isha ugu horreysa ee cadaadiska, gaasaska ayaa si toos ah looga isticmaali karaa, si toos ah looga duri karaa guryaha ama laga dalban karaa buufin gaar ah oo lagu meeleeyay kiiska.
Nooca aaladda bilaabida, dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha ayaa loo qaybiyaa laba kooxood: oo leh tuubbada tuubbada iyo bilaawga-ka-saaridda Nooca bastooladda.
Foomka wakiilada dab-demiska dhululubo, dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha ayaa loo qaybiyaa dareere, xumbo, kaarboon dioxide, aerosol, budo iyo isku-darka.
Kala-saaridda dabka iyadoo kuxiran nooca walxaha gubanaya iyo alaabada
| Fasalka dabka | Muuqaalka fasalka | B-hoosaad | Astaamaha ee Subclass |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laakiin | Gubashada adkaha | A1. | Qeybashada adkaha, oo ay weheliso go'aan ka gaarista (tusaale ahaan, alwaax, warqad, caws, dhuxul, maqaallo dhajiya) |
| A2. | Bixinta caqabadaha adkaha, ee aan la socon go'aan qaadashada (tusaale ahaan, balaastig) | ||
| Gudaha | Gubashada walxaha dareeraha ah | 1 | Bixinta walxaha dareeraha ah ayaa ku dhex jira biyo (tusaale ahaan, gaas, shidaal, shidaal saliid), iyo sidoo kale cunnooyinka adkaha ah (tusaale ahaan, paraffin) |
| 2 | Gubashada walxaha dareeraha ah ee biyaha ku dhex milma (tusaale ahaan, aalkolo, methanol, glycerin) | ||
| Ka | Gubashada walxaha keega (tusaale ahaan, gaaska guriga, hydrogen, propane) | ||
| D. | Nalka gubashada (d1), alkaline (D2) bir ama xiriiro bir ah oo bir ah (D3) | ||
| E. | Gubashada rakibaadda korantada ee korantada illaa 1000V (oo ay ku jiraan qalabka guryaha) |
Bakhtiyada dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha kaarboon dioxide (o) Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu bakhtiyo dabka ku dhawaad dhammaan fasalada, laakiin waxay si gaar ah ugu habboon yihiin fasalka (guban kara iyo dareeraha guban kara), sababta loo isticmaalo gaariga, iyo qalabka korantada ee korantada ka hooseeya 1000v). Ku laabashada wakiilka daminta dabka waxaa loo isticmaalaa kaarboon dioxide (kaarboon dioxide), kaas oo ku jira wejiga dareeraha ah, oo ku jira marxaladda dareeraha ah, oo ku jirta diyaaradda, iyo diyaaraddeeda, oo kululaynta markii ay kululato gaaska (oo ay ka kooban tahay gaas iyo qaab baraf ah) wejiyada barafka). Kaydinta iyo hawlgalka aaladaha - laga bilaabo -40 ilaa + 50c.
Shaki la'aanta ah ee lagu daray saameynta dabka dabka dabka dabka ee bakhtiinta walxaha daminta. Waa caddeyn, moodooyinka si sax ah hadii ay guriga ku jiraan rinjiyeyaal badan, waxaa jira maktabad qiimo leh, iwm. (Adeegsiga biyaha ama aaladaha budada ah waa mid aan loo baahnayn). Laakiin waxaa jira ilaa iyo qasaarooyinka. Marka hore, waxay u baahan yihiin u hoggaansanaanta xaaladaha hawlgalka qaarkood iyo kaydinta. Xummadda deminta laguma taaban karo gacmo-qaadka gacmaha isbadal, maxaa yeelay markii lagu buufiyo kaarboon dioxide, heerkulkeeduna wuxuu noqon karaa -75c oo sababi kara gubasho kuleyl. Si loo hubiyo in dab-bakhtiiyeyaashu shaqeynayaan, oo ay foorarkeeda ka jarayso kaarboon dioxide, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo tijaabo sanadle ah oo ah aaladda miisaanka. Dib u soocelinta qasabka ah - 1 waqti 5 sano gudahood. Marka labaad, miisaanka aan hamiga ee dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha (bir-qaro-bir qaro weyn leh, oo leh cadaadis weyn). Tusaale ahaan, haweenku waa inay la qabsadaan dab bakhtiiyeyaasha dabka ee Ou-8-ga (culeyska qiyaastii 16 kg) oo awood weyn ayaa aad u dhib badan.
Dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-damiska xumbo (OCP). Wax soo saarkooda ayaa hada la joojiyay. Xitaa haddii aad la kulanto aaladaha noocaas ah ee iibka ah, ha ku talinayn iibsashada.
Dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-damiska ee Foom (ORP) Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu bakhtiin daminta dabka CONSOVAVA CODSAVA (waa mamnuuc in loo isticmaalo bakhtiinta rakibaadda korantada, maadaama diyaaradda ay qabato kuwa hadda jira). Mabda'a hawlgalku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay isticmaalka tamar gaaska isku buuqsan (Ilo-diidu waa cadaadis buufin sare leh) si loo sii daayo wakiilka dab-damiska inuu sameeyo xumbo (hufnaan laga sameeyo xumbo (qiyaastii 2.5 jeer ka sarreeya kan OHP). Ku laabashada wakiilka dab-demiska ee OPS ORPs-ka gudaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa lifaaq lix boqolkiiba aqueous oo ah wakiilka foosha ee 1, iyo xalka lagu soo dejiyo oo aqueous xalka qoynta "biyo fudud". Ka-faa'iideysiga OVP waa in la keydiyo oo loo isticmaali karo oo keliya heerkulka wanaagsan (laga bilaabo +5 illaa + 50C). Dib u soocelinta qasabka ah - 1 waqti 5 sano gudahood.
| Op-1. | OP-2. | OP-3. | OP-5. | OP-10. | Ou-2. | Ou-3. | Ou-5 | Ou-8. | OU-10. | Ou-20 | OU-40 | Ovp-5 | Ovp-10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cufnaanta dab-demiska ee dab damiska ee dab bakhtiiyaha dabka, kg | 1.0 / 2.2. | 2.0 / 3.7 | 3.0 / 5.5 | 5.0 / 8.2. | 10.0 / 16. | 1.4 / 6.5 | 2.1 / 6.8. | 3.5 / 14. | 5.6 / 15.8. | 7/30 / 15.8 | 14/50 | 28/110 | Biyo - 3.2; Dacwad - 1/.8 | Biyo - 6.5; Dacwad - 2/16 |
| Muddada keenida wakiilka dab-demiska, c, ma aha wax aan yarayn | 6. | 6. | siddeed | 10 | 13 | siddeed | siddeed | 10 | 12 | shan iyo toban | shan iyo toban | shan iyo toban | soddon | 45. |
| Dhererka diyaaradda dabka dabka daminta, m, ee aan ka yarayn | 3. | 3. | 3. | 3.5 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3. | afar |
| Deminta aagga, M2 | 0.41 | 0,66 | 1.07 | 1,73. | 4,52. | 0.45 | 0.45 | 1.08. | 1,1 | 1.08. | 2,2 | 2.52 | 0.41 | 0.5. |
| Gabar, mm. | 316135100. | 325150130. | 425150130. | 450320300. | 628350355. | 430108314. | 528110314. | 572162314. | 790162220. | 1200370470. | 1200410370. | 700400155050 | 450290175. | 628290220. |
| qiimaha, xoqidda. | 200. | 250. | 280. | 381. | 580. | 480. | 540. | 744. | 1200. | 1640. | 3300. | 5000. | 420. | 580. |
| Qiimaha dib u soo celinta, xoqidda. | 76. | 91. | 103. | 134. | 190. | 134. | 145. | 162. | 226. | 299. | 409. | 657. | 51. | 91. |
Caadooyinka loo qalabeeyo ee ku saabsan dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha gacanta ee gacanta (PPB)
| Xaddid aagga la ilaaliyo | Fasalka dabka | Mug | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha Dabka ee Foom | Dab bakhtiiyeyaasha Dabka | Bakhtiyada dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha kaarboon dioxide | |||||
| m2. | 10 L. | 2 L. | 5 L. | 10 L. | 2 L. | 5 (8) l | |
| 200. | Laakiin | 2 ++. | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | - |
| Gudaha | 4+. | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | - | |
| Ka | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | - | ||
| E. | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | 2 ++. | ||
| 400. | Laakiin | 2 ++. | 4+. | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | 2+ |
| (E) | - | 2 ++. | 1+ | 4+. | 2 ++. | ||
| 800. | Gudaha | 2+ | - | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | - |
| Ka | 4+. | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | - | ||
| 1800. | Laakiin | 2 ++. | 4+. | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | - |
| (E) | 2+ | 2 ++. | 1+ | 4+. | 2+ | ||
| Calaamadda "++" waxay muujineysaa walxaha dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-damiska ee lagula taliyay in lagu qalabeeyo; yaqaan "+" - dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dab-damiska, isticmaalka kaas oo loo oggol yahay maqnaanshaha maqnaanshaha ee lagu taliyay iyo cadeysashada ku habboon; Saxeex "-" - Dab bakhtiiyeyaasha dabka ee aan loo oggolayn inay qalabeeyaan waxyaabahaan |
Imisa iyo waxa dab-bakhtiiyeyaashu u baahan yihiin inay guriga ku lahaadaan
Dhismooyinka guryaha, caadooyinka ku saabsan daadinta dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha, nasiib daro, waa maqnaadaan. Maamulka maxalliga ah ayaa inta badan siiya sharciyadooda u gaarka ah arrintan. Tusaale ahaan, waxa lagu muujiyey lifaaqa xalka duqa magaalada Astrakun n 2767-m ee Oktoobar 8, 2003:"Liistadu waxay ku talisay in lagu qalabeeyo qaabkii dabeed ee daminta dab-demiska ee degitaanka deganaanshaha iyo tamarta lahaanshaha muwaadiniinta:
mid. Guryaha guryaha la deggan yahay: Op-10 dab bakhtiiye, foosto biyo iyo baaldi (oo lagu rakibay xagaaga), fareyste faraha.
2. Guryaha dalka: Dab-bakhtiiyaha Op-5 ee dab-bakhtiiyaha, foosto biyo iyo baaldi (la rakibay xagaaga), nijaarka fajaciyaha.
3. Garaashyada loo habeeyay: Dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha OP-5.
Khubaradayada jawaab-bixiyeyaashayada waxaa lagula talinayaa in lagu go'aamiyo tirada lagama maarmaanka u ah dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dabka inay adeegsadaan "Xeerarka Badbaadada Dabka (PPB), oo nidaamiya lambarkooda xarumaha warshadaha. Wobbors waxaan u soo bandhigeynaa miis talooyin ah, sida ku xusan, taas oo ah, waxaad qiyaasi kartaa hufnaanta isticmaalka dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha Dabka ee noocyo kala duwan.
Xagee lagu meeleeyaa dab bakhtiiyeyaasha? Dabcan, buufin casaan dhalaalaya oo dhalaalaya (ama xitaa mid), oo ku sudhan derbiga dhismaha guryaha, kuma dari doono damacado. Sanduuqyada wax lagu keydiyo ee bakhtiiyeyaasha ee dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha ayaa awood u leh inay dib ugu noqdaan, rinjiyeeqda midab cad ama maroodi. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan awoodin inay shidmaan qolka, laakiin dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha dabku inuu ku ordo indhaha ayaa joogsan doona. Haa, oo waxay noqon doontaa boodh aad u yar.
Ugu badanm. Waa wax aad u fiican in guriga lagu haysto gabal weyn oo derbiga dabka lagu ridayo. Tani waa wax gabi ahaanba lama huraan ah oo lagu xushmeeyo gubashada marxaladda koowaad ee dabka, deminta dharka gubashada ee ay dhibaatadu saameysey, ilaaliya naqshadaha guban kara iyo qalabka marka uu dab qabsado (oo ay kujiraan alxanka). Bisaduhu waa wax laga soo saaray ama ka soo baxa asbestos, ama fiberlass. Cabirrada - 1.351.35; 1.351.5 iyo 1.52m. Dhumucda: fiberlass, laga bilaabo 0.4 ilaa 0.8 mm; Asbestos ilaa 2.42mm. Waxaan soo saarnaa bisad shirkadaha noocan oo kale ah sida "watti" (volzhsky) iyo "volliks" (Ivanovo). Qiimuhu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 380 ilaa 720 rubles. Bisadda casriga ahi waa mid aad u qurux badan, waxay ku habboon tahay in la istcimaalo oo aad u wax ku ool ah buste caadi ah (oo sidoo kale ka xumahay in ilmada la hadlayso). Wuxuu ka soo baxay hayaha birta, waxyar wuu ruxmay, oo durbaba wax laga qabtay. Waxay ku sii hadhay oo keliya inay ku tuurto diiradda dabka, iyo markay wax walba baxaan, duub oo meel dhig.
Sifooyinka is-taageerida
| Nooca is-taageeridda | Sp-20 | SP-50. |
|---|---|---|
| Waqtiga Ilaalinta, Min: | ||
| - iyada oo la daadgureeyo | Aan ka yarayn 20. | Ugu yaraan 50. |
| - Sugitaanka caawimaad | Ugu yaraan 40. | Ugu yaraan 150. |
| Qeybta guud ee shaqada, kg | 1.5 | 2.5 |
| Guud ahaan cabirrada, mm | 1182032113. | 140260330. |
| qiimaha, xoqidda. | 1470. | 2020. |
Sifooyinka Nidaamka Isku-duwaha Gaaska otomaatiga ah
| Nooca aaladda | Qalabka wax baara | Ka talin | Ficil farsamo | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nooc | HB-362. | - | HD-703 (1/2 '') | HD-704 (3/4 '') | HD-705 (1 '') |
| Cabbir, mm. | 1155645. | 14510044. | 14711897. | 15711897. | 16711897. |
| Cuf, g. | 290. | 480. | 620. | 630. | 640. |
| Heerkulka qalliinka, oo leh | Laga soo bilaabo -20 ilaa +40 | Laga bilaabo -10 ilaa +40 | Laga bilaabo -30 ilaa +75 | ||
| Sahayda korantada, gudaha / em. Awood, w | 220 / 2.7 | 220 / 1.9 | 220 / 0.8 waxaa loo rogaa mid joogto ah 12v | ||
| Tilmaanta iftiinka | Ku darista shabakada - nalka nalka cagaaran | Valve furaha cagaaran, valve ayaa xidhay | - | ||
| Qaylo-dhaan | Beeps, oo toosiya nalka iftiinka hurdiga ah | Codenki (70 dB iyo ka sareeya), oo toosh ah nalka nalka casaanka | Codenki (70 dB iyo ka sareeya), oo toosh ah nalka nalka casaanka | ||
| Waqtiga jawaabta, oo leh | 30- Wax soo saar habka hawlgalka ka dib markii lagu daro shabakadda | Wax aan ka badneyn 10 ka dib qaylo-dhaan | Wax aan ka badneyn 10 ka dib qaylo-dhaan | ||
| qiimaha, xoqidda. | Loogu talagalay Kit- 5400, dareenka dheeriga ah ee 1450 |
Milkiilayaasha farxadda leh ee aqalka cusub ee ku saabsan helitaanka gacmaha gacmaha kama fikiraan - wax walba waa in lagu daraa mashruuca laguna rakibay marxaladda dhismaha. AVOT horumarinta khaaska ah waxay la wareegi doontaa aaladda nidaamka daminta dabka ee noocan oo kale ah. Waa qaali waxay u baahan doontaa ugu yaraan, iyo "xaaladda dabka" waa mid aad u faa'iido badan. Haddii dhererka tuubada caadiga ahi uusan ku filnayn inuu gaaro geeska ugu fog ee guriga, waa inaad qaadataa xoogaa gacmo yar.
Tallaabooyinka Ilaalinta Dabka ee La'aanta
Maaskaro ilaalin ah. Ka tag guriga gubanaya (abaarta) marka wadiiqada daadguruca la burburiyo, ma fududa. La yaab kuma lahan dabka, qaybta ugu weyn ee dhibanayaasha dhibanayaasha neefsashada, kaas oo gudaha ku jira jawi sumaysan, ma aysan ka adkaanin mitir dhowr mitir ah ama sugida samatabbixiyeyaasha iyo dab-damiyaasha. Si loo daboolo bustaha - soo dhaweynta ayaa ah mid aan waxtar lahayn: oo ma jiraan wax neefsasho ah oo aan la neefsan, iyo meesha aan la arkin. Waxay aad ugu habboon tahay in la isticmaalo maaskaro ilaalin ah, kaas oo si isku mid ah looga ilaaliyo neef-mareenka iyo indhaha ee qiiqa iyo gaaska sunta ah, iyo madaxa, wajiga iyo timaha, oo ka yimaada iftiinka-gaaban ee dabka furan.
Waxaa la heli karaa dhowr nooc oo maaskaro ilaalin ah (dhammaan cabbirrada):
Xannaanada hood "Phoenix" ("Suuqa xubinta taranka") wuxuu ka kooban yahay koofiyad ka samaysan filim polyamide, shaandhaynta sheyga shaandhaynta ee lix lakab oo ah agabyo kaladuwan Faa'iidooyinka muhiimka ah ee "Phoenix" - is dulfuurka (tiro - wax aan ka badnayn 90g, cabbirrada - 1083cm) iyo xitaa wax kani waa maaskaro kaliya ee ku habboon carruurta (laakiin aan dameer ahayn). Miiraha ayaa ah mid mideysan oo bixiya ilaalin in ka badan 20 ka mid ah kiimikada ugu halista badan, oo ay ku jiraan alaabada gubashada. Nolosha shelf waa ugu yaraan 5 sano. Qiimaha - 1429 xoq. (Mustaqbalka dhow, sida ku xusan soo-saaraha, waa la dhimi doonaa).
Soosaarka gaaska GDZK set ("Kiimikada kiimikada ee elektrostal iyo warshad farsamo"). Qalabka ilaalinta lagu tuuri karo, oo ku habboon dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta ka weyn 10 sano. Waxay ka kooban tahay xijaab, maaskaro kala badh, tuubada damaca, shaashadda shaashadda iyo xijaabka. Waqtiga ilaalinta ayaa ugu yaraan 15 daqiiqo ah. Guud ahaan cabirrada xirmada - 180180130mm. Mass - 800g. Shelf Cayrin Shelf Life- 3 sano. Qiimaha, 1285 xoq.
Is-taageerayaashu waxay yareynayaan Sp-20 iyo SP-50 ("TAMBOV Nihi" waa hab lagu ilaaliyo isticmaalka hal-hal ah oo ku habboon dadka ka weyn 16 sano. Muhiimad ahaan, tani waxay tahay in lagu daro maaskaro gaas ee oksijiinka aan ku jirin dhululubooyinka, laakiin qaab la xiriira kiimiko ah. Nolosha shelf ee loo yaqaan 'Shelf Shelf' - 5 sano. Dayactirka uma baahna. Waxaa lagu heli karaa laba wax ka beddelid ah oo leh waqtiga amniga oo kaladuwan. (Feejignaan! Waa wax laga mamnuuco in lagu tuuro samatabbixiyeyaasha oo dhacay! Ururka waa inuu ku soo gabagabeeyaa soo-saaraha heshiiska la xiriira.)
Maaskaro waa inuu ku jiifa meel sidan oo kale ah oo aad ka heli doontid xitaa indhaha xidhan. Kii ugu yaraan ka faa'iideystay aaladdaas ama wuxuu arkay inay badbaadiso dadka nolosha, si loo caddeeyo baahida loo qabo in la haysto.
Nidaamyada iskudhafka gaaska otomaatiga ah. Haddii ay dhacdo dab, gaaska keeda guriga waa in si dhakhso ah loo xiraa. Waxaa ugu wanaagsan haddii otomaatigga ay qaadi doonto masuuliyadan maxaa yeelay dadka ku jira xaaladaha noocaas ah waligood maahan. Muddo dheer, waxa loogu yeero nidaamyada warshadaha ayaa la yaqaan, oo isugeyn huf gaaska xaaladaha degdegga ah. Laakiin in la fuliyo hawlgalkan, waxay u baahan yihiin koronto. AV RAGAALKA Mar alla markii ay badanaa maqnaato. Dhawaan, waxaa jira dhowr nidaamyo isku-darka gaas oo otomatik ah oo kala duwan, oo ay soo saartay Hankabook ga gaas Kiki Co. (yu. Korea. Xirku wuxuu ka kooban yahay qalabka gaaska, kontoroole iyo jilaa.
Waad ku rakibi kartaa labada qof ee daadanaya ee daadanaya, sida qolka kululaynta iyo jikada. Mabda 'ogaanshaha bax-daadashada - cantalytic oktidation, oo u oggolaanaya dareeraha in lagu ogaado hawada gaaska ku dhawaad nooc ka mid ah gaaska guban kara (propane, sthane), oo aan ka badnayn 1/4 qaniinyada waxyaabaha qarxa) . Amiirku wuxuu ku dhegan yahay gaaska gaaska ee gaaska oo loogu talagalay tuubooyinka 1/2 '' ', 3/4' 'iyo 1' (moodello kala duwan). Riyooyin sax ah oo ka yimaada nidaamyada warshadaha, oo aan ku dhicin nidaamka sahayda gaaska, oo si fudud looga soo lifaaqo kor ilaa tuubbada iyo gaaska gaaska. Farqi kale ayaa ah koronto, wuxuu u baahan yahay oo keliya si uu u ilaaliyo waalka dawlad furan (taasi waa, si yar ayuu ugu kharash gareeyaa). Geedi socodka xiritaanka wanaagga waxay ku dhacdaa sababta oo ah dadaalka ifka wadista, oo miisaankiisu yahay gacanta marka la furayo. Xakameeyaha waxaa lagu rakibi karaa meel kasta oo ku habboon. Markii la ogaado in gaaska la ogaado, nidaamku wuxuu siinayaa calaamadaha iftiinka iyo muuqaalka dhawaaqa wuxuuna ku daboolaa hubka siinta guriga (abaarta). Dambe wuxuu ku dhacayaa laba kiis: Isla markii gaasku ka muuqdo hawada hawada qolalka ay ku rakiban yihiin dareemayaasha, iyo markii korantada la daminayo (tani waa isla qalalaasaha shilka). Waa suurta gal in dib loo bilaabo gaaska gacanta oo keliya, intaad toogasho gu'ga.
Faahfaahinta jaranjarada samatabbixinta
| Astaamo | Jaranjarooyinka isku laabta oo leh tillaabo laga soo qaado tuubbada | Jaranjarooyinka isku laaban karo oo leh talaabooyin alwaax ah | Jaranjarooyinka Samataarka ee ku lifaaqan "Fursadda" |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhererka, | 6. | 6. | 6 iyo 12. |
| Hawl ku shaqeynta | 110. | 110. | 720. |
| Rar, kg. | |||
| Ballac jaranjarada, m | 0.35 | 0.4. | 0.35 |
| Cabirrada xaalad isku laaban, m | 0.30,30,5,5 | 0,350,150,5 | - |
| Cuf, kg. | 5,8. | 7.5 | 4.5 iyo 9. |
| qiimaha, xoqidda. | 6142,86. | 5847,62. | 5857.14 iyo 8476,19 |
Sida loo magdhabo kuwa ama kuwa kale ee dhibaataysan ee mashruuca
Tallaabooyinka loo qaaday tan oo waxaa loo yaqaan magdhow. Maxay ka fakarayaan? Haddii hal guri aad ku qalabeysan karto, marka laga reebo kan ugu weyn, sidoo kale dab damiye, ka dib qof kale si aad uga dhigto dhowr sababood aan macquul aheyn. La'aanta bixitaanka labaad waa magdhaw, tusaale ahaan, rakibida jaranjarada badbaadinta, iyo haddii gurigu aad u ballaaran yahay, jaranjarada dhowr. Adigoo iibsanaya jaranjarada noocan oo kale ah oo ku dhejinaysa mid ka mid ah daaqadaha sanduuqa gaarka ah (qaab isku laabma waxay qaadataa meel yar), kama shakisan kartid, iyo reerahaaga haddii ay dhacdo dab ka xayiran dariiqa ugu weyn ee laga badbaadiyo dabaqa sare ee dhulka. Caadi ahaan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in laga hormariyo guriga darbiga hoostiisa hoose ee daaqadaha ama ka sareeya daboolka muraayadaha muraayadaha indhaha ee lagu hagaajiyo jaranjarada.
Xulashada jaranjarada ayaa hadda ah mid aad u ballaaran. Marka ugu horeysa, kuwanu waa moodooyinka isku laabma oo leh tillaabo laga soo qaado tuubbada ama geed. Naqshadeynta leh tillaabooyinka alwaaxa ah waxaa laga sameeyaa cajalad isku-dub ah oo sare leh (xargaha), oo leh culayska illaa 1000kg. Soo-saarista noocyo badan oo dab-damis leh oo leh tillaabooyin bir ah, silsilado bir ah ama fiilo ayaa la isticmaalaa. Dhererka jaranjarada badanaa waa 6m, laakiin waxaa jira dherer 12m ah. Tallaabada Tallaabada 350mm. Qeybta kore waxaa bixiya laba kaarbine, ama qabaqeynno loo isticmaalo in lagu sugo nashqadeynta, qaybta hoosena waxay ku dhammaataa loops u adeegi kara isku-dhafka.
Jaranjarada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dhismayaasha sare ee kor u kaca ah ee ku saabsan daadadka daaqadaha, logoas iyo balakoonnada sagxadaha hoose ama dusha dhulka. Waqtiga soo gala ee hal qof dherer ah 12m waa 3-5 daqiiqo.
Markaad dooranayso jaranjarooyinka, laba qodob waa in lagu tixgeliyaa:
Way ka sahlan tahay carruurta inay ku soo degto jaranjarada oo leh tillaabooyin tubular, maadaama tilmadoodu aad u yar tahay in la qaado marxalad alwaax ballaaran oo ballaadhan;
Way ka sahlan tahay in la isticmaalo jaranjarooyinka leh sagxadaha birta ee ku hagaajisa masaafo gaar ah oo ka soo baxa derbiga (jaranjarooyinka oo leh marxalado alwaax ah oo alwaax ah oo joogsiyo noocan oo kale ah ma laha).
Dhanka dabaqa sare ee dhismayaasha sare, waa la istcimaali karaa oo ka badan, sida ay hadda dhahaan, "badeecadaha" ba'an ", aaladda baloogyada, aaladda biriiga, buskudka, carruurta iyo dadka waaweynba. Guud ahaan, ku dhawaad qalabka fuulitaanka, kaas oo la siin karo dugsiga hoose ama gogoldhigga (tusaale ahaan, "set of Badbaadin-KSS" ama "is-daadgureyn", moodalka "wareejinta". Qiimaha qalabkan waa dhexdhexaad, waana suurtagal in ay ku soo degto meel kasta oo dhul ah oo toos ah dhulka. Laakiin, ka hor intaan la qaadan, way fiicnaan laheyd in la maro "koorsada da 'yarta ah" ee qaybta fuulitaanka. Xirfado gaar ah, waxay u dhiman tahay in la isticmaalo qalabkan.
Taasi waa, laga yaabee, waxa loo sheego oo dhan oo ku saabsan tillaabooyinka ka hortagga dabka, oo ay tahay in si dhakhso ah loo qaado ka dib dhamaadka dhismaha, iyo habka ugu horreeya ee dab-bakhtii. My laftooda, lacagahaas dabku ma bakhtiin doono, kaliya dadka guriga jooga (abaarta) waa la shaqeyn karaa xilliga dabka. Haa, iyo in haddii ay ku wareersan yihiin aragtida ololka. ACTO ayaa badbaadin kara guri dab haddii uu kaco maqnaanshaha milkiileyaasha? Qalabka noocan oo kale ahna waa jiraan, kuwanu waa nidaamyada ilaalinta dabka ee otomatiga ah oo ay ku jiraan tilmaam iyo nidaamyada degitaanka dabka ee otomatiga ah. Laakiin tani waa sheeko gabi ahaanba ka duwan ...
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