Farsamaynta barafka yar ee barafka ah: aaladaha buugaagta, moodallada is-ururinta, farsamada dabagalka ah. Faahfaahinta, soosaarayaasha, qiimaha.
Furuuruquhu waxay u muuqdaan inay si fiican ugu muuqdaan kaynta ama baarkinka. Laakiin haddii gaarigaagu ku dhex wareego garaashka hortiisa, oo waddooyinka ku wareegsan aqalka, Waa wakhtigii loo soo gabagabeeyaa burburka barafka. Waad dabcan ku jir kartaa majarafad oo waqti badan ku qaad inaad nadiifiso dhulka ku dhow guriga dalka. Laakiin si caqli leh ayey u caqli badan tahay in la iibsado mashiinka ka saarida barafka yar, waxay badbaadin doontaa waxyaabo badan oo xooggaaga ah, dareemayaashaada iyo waqtiga. Innenane waa inay ka qoomameysaa, daaho si ay ushaqeeyaan inaad soo iibsatay sedal caadi ah, oo aadan ahayn qalabka loo yaqaan 'terra' oo dhan.
Wax walbana waa laga fikiraa
Dhawaan, in farsamooyin yar oo baraf ah ayaa loo arkay inay tahay astaamo qalaad oo dalka ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, maalin kasta, mashiinada nadiifinta barafka ee barafka ee barafka ayaa noqda baahi weyn, iyo kala-doorashada moodooyinka lagu soo bandhigay dukaamada ayaa sii bata.Hadda wadankeena waxaad ka iibsan kartaa farsamooyinka ka qaadista barafka ee laga sameeyay Mareykanka, Japan iyo Yurub. Suuqa Ruushka wuxuu soo bandhigayaa shirkadaha noocaas ah sida Ariens, MTD (USA), Karcher (Jarmal), Husqarna (Sweden), Toro (Canada), Honda (Japan).
Kheyraadka shaqada, awoodda, dhaqaajinta, qalabka farsamada iyo, dabcan, qiimaha barafka barafku wuxuu ugu horrayn karaa fasalka. Gawaarida guriga ayaa ah kuwa ugu fudud qaabeynta oo aad uga jaban tahay "walaalaha ka waaweyn", oo mararka qaarkood arki kara jidadkeena. Si kastaba ha noqotee, mabda'a hawlgallada iyo aaladda reerka casriga ah iyo ka saarida barafka ee xirfadleyda ah ayaa isku mid ah isku mid ah. Qaabka xididka, dhaqaajinta mashiinka yar ee gubashada gudaha ah, waxay qaadataa cufnaanta barafka ee mashiinka lagu rakibay oo qalabka wax ku dhegan yahay. Wareegayn, waxay ku tuurtaa baraf iyada oo loo marayo sanduuqa wareegga ee dhinaca (bidix ama midig) ilaa masaafada 1 illaa 15m, iyadoo kuxiran nooca iyo nooca mashiinka.
Dabcan, haddii aad isbarbar dhig ku sameyso farsamooyinka barkadaha barafka ah ee barafka ah, ka dib waa inaad qirtaa in astaamaha ugu dambeeyay ay aad u badan yihiin: Moniblock waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xagaaga xagaaga si loo beero beero kala duwan. Laakiin mashiinnada nadiifinta barafka ee gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa wali la tacaali kara shaqadooda, sababtoo ah waxay ku habboon yihiin heerkul hooseeya. Isha iftiinka unugyada (nalka madaxa), giraangiraha cadaadiska hooseeya Ergonomics si fiican ayaa looga fikiray. Dhamaan ka saarida barafka, kuwa ka saarida barafka, iyo gacanta ayaa ku yaal si kor loogu qaado oo ay fududeeyaan maaraynta xaaladaha cimilada oo dhan. Moodooyinka qaar xitaa gacanta kuleylka kulul! Naqshadeeyayaashu waxay ka fikireen yareynta gariirka. Tusaale ahaan, in barafka iswiidhishku uu kululeeyo Husqarna, nidaamyada kontaroolada ayaa lagu qalabeeyay nuugista naxdinta leh ee shoogga caagga ah si loo yareeyo galka ka soo baxa galka ka soo baxa qalabka gaaska, awooda iyo mashiinka.
Majarafad ... oo matoorka
Mashiinnada ugu fudud ee barafka ah ee ka saarista barafka waa aalado aan la isgagin karin oo leh koronto koronto leh awood, sida caadiga ah, 3-5l.s. Moodooyinkan waxaa loogu talagalay sagxadaha jilicsan ee leh daaqad adag waxaana loogu talagalay nadiifinta maalinlaha ah ee aagagga yaryar (aan dhahno, albaabka garaashka iyo tareenka ku yaal guriga). Waxaan si dhakhso ah uga saari karnaa aaladahaas si aan si dhakhso ah uga saarno khafiifka khafiifka ah, kaas oo hadda dhacay oo aan wali indha la 'indhoole indhoole ilaa 10 cm. Si loo xiro mashiinka korantada, kordhinta (ilaa50m) ayaa badanaa la isticmaalaa, ku habboon in loo isticmaalo hawada furan. Tani waa muhiim: fiilada waa in lagu qalabeeyaa xiriiriyeyaal koronto oo gaar ah oo leh daboollo caag ah. Barafka korantada oo aan lahayn wadista wadista wadista waa ugu yaraan aaladaha adeegga, laakiin waxaa lagu heli karaa qiimo iyo qiil qiimihiisu "dhammaan boqol". Boqol "boqol".
Moodooyinka ka mid ah fasalkan waxaa loo yeeri karaa, tusaale ahaan, barafka barafka ee ka soo baxa Mtd ($ 300) oo leh kiis caag ah iyo matoor koronto leh 1.5 kw. Gaariga ayaa lagu tuuray barafka dabacsan ee dabacsan masaafo ilaa 4m. Jihada qulqulka ayaa lagu hagaajin karaa iyadoo la beddelo qaybta sare ee gutter illaa 190. balac yar oo nadiifinta dusha sare (35cm) iyo dhererka ugu fiican ee barafka (20cm) ayaa aaladda ka dhigtaa mid ku habboon inuu barafka ka saaro wadooyinka. Snowfox miisaankeedu waa kaliya 21kg, maareyso way fududahay. Inta lagu guda jiro hawlgalka, uma baahnid inaad dalbato dadaallo muhiim ah, waxaad u dhaqaaqdaa mashiinka "madhan", maadaama barafka si dhakhso leh loo tuuro dhinaca. Amniga hawlgalka barafka ee barafka, kabaarka gaarka ah waxaa lagu bixiyaa naqshadda, marka matoorku hooseeyo, mashiinka iyo augerguba si dhakhso ah ayuu u joogsadaa. Snowfox waxaa lagu keydin karaa xitaa garaash dhow - giraangiro leh dhexroor ah 11 cm iyo gacanta feeraha ayaa gaariga ka dhigaya mid aad u is haysta. Waxaan ahay hal faa'iido: ka duwan matoorada gaaska, matoorku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa xasilloon. Aroortii hore, in shaqada loo qabtay, kama adkaan kartid mootada "ee Degmada" Taura.
Laakiin ha iloobin in mashiinnada noocan oo kale loogu talagalay nadiifinta cufan, baraf baraf ah ama baraf. Xadhiga khamriga ee hawlgalka waxaa si cad loogu muujiyey baaxadda moodalka. Adeegsiga mashiinka looguma talagalin inuu wax ka qabto oo lagu kala baxo iyo ganaax ganaax.
Isku darka leh matoorada shidaalka ayaa ah kuwa ugu awoodda badan (ilaa5l.s.) ee mashiinada aan loo talagalin. Baraf-biyo-barafka ee Nooca 522 Moodooyinka laga helo Ariens, 140 iyo ym5350s laga bilaabo MTD, Sth9.53w oo ka socda gobolka Honda, oo ka soo jeeda magaalada Honda, laakiin shaqaaluhu uma baahna "leash" (qolka korantada " ). Mashiinnada noocan ah waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa wax yar xitaa dhulal ballaaran ama aagagga ka fog guriga. Sigaar lagu jajabiyo iyo baraf khafiif ah oo leh ballac dusha sare ee ka shaqeynta ugu yaraan 53cm ayaa laga nadiifin karaa roller baraf ah ama suufka hortiisa gaarka garaashka. Moodooyinka badankood waxay leeyihiin mashiin laba-istaroog ah oo leh awood 3 ilaa 4.5 litir. (Waxay kuxirantahay sumadda), bilowga gacanta, haanta shidaalka oo leh awood ilaa 2l. Sida caadiga ah, hal mar ah oo nadiifin ah ayaa la saadaalinayaa: Barafka la qabtay ee la qabtay ayaa la tuuraa ilaa 6-10m.
Ku dhawaad dhammaan dhacdooyinka barafka aan is-qabin oo ay ku qalabaysan yihiin naqshad khaas ah oo leh gees gees ah, oo aan kaliya gacan ka geysaneyso kor u qaadida mashiinka, laakiin sidoo kale kordhinta shaqada qofka, laakiin wuxuu ku kordhiyaa nolosha barafka-barafka hab. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, xoqidda xoqidda ma xoqdo taayirrada, kuwaas oo loo dhigey dariiqyada socodka guriga. Si sax ah u baqaya cabsida ah ee ku dhaca jahawareerka dariiqa ayaa joojiya milkiileyaal badan oo guryo ah inay iibsadaan boodhadhka barafka.
Moodooyinka is-ururinta
Waxqabadka kasta oo wax ku oolka ah ee qalabka ka saarida barafka ee yar-yar wuxuu soo saaraa wax ka badal dhowr ah oo mashiinnada is-kabashada ah. Qiimaha nooc gaar ah (badanaa ma ka hooseeyo $ 1000) waxay kuxirantahay awoodda mashiinka iyo heerka isku-darka qalabka: tirada xawaaraha, iyo maqnaanshaha bilowga korantada, qufulka giraangiraha, nalka. iwm. Mashiinada fasalka ee xirfadda leh waxaa lagu gartaa baraf ballaaran, mashiin xoog leh (min7 ilaa 12l.s.) iyo Kheyraadka Shaqada Kordhinta (illaa 2.5C). Inta badan inta badan tusaalayaasha dib-u-dhigga barafka ee is-kicinta ayaa taayirrada lagu dhejiyay si ay u xayiraan dusha sare iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa hore ee hore. Waxaa fiican inaad doorato gaari suurtagal ah inaad laqabsato cadaadiska taayirrada (kan hoose ee cadaadiska, weyn aagga taabashada giraangiraha dusha sare, sidaas darteedna kor u kaca).Gawaarida is-salka leh waxay awoodaan inay ka saaraan xitaa barafka indhoolayaasha, maadaama ay leeyihiin laba-tallaabo, ama laba-tallaabo, nidaam nadaafadeed: ka dibna lagu soo rogo xijaab masaafo gaar ah. Tan waxaa suurtogal ah sababtuna waa muraayad kor u qaad ah oo lagu wanaajiyo oo leh feeraha qalaad. Tusaale ahaan, mashiinka wax soo saarka ee Mareykanka Ariens724 Taxanaha Deluxe wuxuu ku qalabeysan yahay boolal xawaare sare leh oo loogu talagalay nadiifinta tayada sare ee cufan iyo barafka qoyan. Xaaladdan oo kale, ballaca barafka qallalan - 61cm, iyo tirada siideynta ayaa gaadhay 15m. Ku rakibay mashiinka mashiinka barafka ee Tecumseh Print wuxuu leeyahay awood 7l.S. Ka mid ah horumarada u gaarka ah ee shirkadda Ariens, waxaa xusid mudan in la xuso nidaamka disk-o-maimic wadista wadista (6 hore iyo dib u soo celinta), kaasoo kuu oggolaanaya inaad doorato xawaaraha ugu habboon ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ee ku xusan xaalado shaqo oo kala duwan. Shaqaalayaasha shaqaaluhu waa u adeega aluminium-ka arjiinum-ka u adeegsada saliidaha jiilaalka gaarka ah. Taangiga haanta ayaa ku filan 45 daqiiqo oo hawlgal joogto ah oo mashiinka ah.
Barafka barafka ah ee reer Jarmalka ayaa ka jawaabaya Karchers Kaarchers oo u qalma. Sidaa darteed, moodalka Shh5.56 ee Nidaamka Bandhigga Barafka ee laba-tallaabo ah ayaa leh mashiin afar-geesood ah ee Tecumseh Power 5l.S., oo loogu talagalay in lagu bilaabo xaaladaha jiilaalka oo lagu waafajiyey shidaalka gudaha. Gaarigu aad ayuu u dhaqaaqayaa - waxay isu rogi kartaa gudaha goobada dhexroor ah 2m. Qalabka kaynta waxaa ka mid ah mindi qaali ah (oo u soo degay sida loogu baahan yahay oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad ka saarto xitaa baraf aad u sarreeya oo ka socda asphalt) iyo bilowga gacanta. Lacag dheeraad ah, waxaad ku dalban kartaa aalad leh elektaroonig. Isku darka ayaa bixiya ballaca dusha sare ee nadiifinta 56cm iyo dhererka 50cm. Nidaamka wadista ee giraangiraha wuxuu leeyahay gudbinta (shan xawaare oo hore, laba-gadaal).
Markaad iibsaneyso mashiinka barafka, waa inaad weydiisaa iibiyaha, haddii giraangiraha la maareeyey ay kuu xushay, adoo fududeynaya socodka socodka inta aad shaqeyneyso inta aad shaqeyneyso. Nidaamka maareynta giraangiraha waa mid fudud: riixaya jaakadaha ku yaal gacanta, waad xannibi kartaa giraangiraha midig ama bidix, oo is beddeleysa jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa aaladda. Fursadda noocan oo kale ah waa mid aan laga maarmi karin oo leh baraf qoto dheer ama baraf dhaadheer, markay adag tahay in la sameeyo xitaa codsi muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dadaalka jirka. Dabcan, barafka barafka oo ay la xakameeyaan giraangiraha la xakameeyo oo u dhaw farsamada xirfadda. Moodooyinka fasalkani waxay leeyihiin abaabul baraf ballaaran, dhowr xawaare iyo qaanuun ahaan, ilo iftiinka korantada iyo madaxa-madaxa-dhexe ah. Kuwani waa barafka barafka ym8413de (goynta ballaadhan - 84cm), ariens1336 (92cm), Kanada (80cm), Husqvarna 9-26 (66cm), Hondss1136 (92CM).
Xakamaynta
Iyada oo la kaashanayo farsamada fasalkan, waad qaadi kartaa baarkinka la dhigto, meelaha lagu lugeeyo, aagagga lugta lugta iyo aagagga waaweyn. Barafka barafka ah ee ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaq dabacsan ayaa awood u leh inuu duufaayo qulqulka ugu sareeya iyo barafka, maadaama taayirrada taraafikada oo ballaaran ay ku siinayaan iyaga oo ku jira suuragalnimada ugu badan. Ku dhowaad dhammaan isku-darka tallaabada raadraaca ah waxay leeyihiin bilow koronto iyo madaxooyin adag oo halogen ah oo loogu talagalay shaqada wakhti kasta oo maalinta ah. Diinta diir ka hortagga diir (oo loo abuuray sida kuwa lagu rakibay taangiyada) waxay gaariga ka dhigeysaa mid aad u dhaqaaqaysa, taasoo u oggolaaneysa inay iyada si fudud u furato meesha. Sidoo kale waa muhiim in dhammaan moodooyinka, iyadoon loo eegayn sumadda, ay hayaan illaa lix xawaare kahor iyo ilaa laba-gadaal.
Si loo kordhiyo hufnaanta aaladda, xaalad gaar ah oo baraf ah, soosaarayaal ayaa adeegsada waxa loogu yeero nidaamka miisaanka ee miisaanka. Moodooyinka taariikhda shirkadda MTD, waxaa sidoo kale loo tixraacayaa wareejinta miisaanka. Sidee bay u shaqeeyaan? Kabadaha miisaanka gaarka ah waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa booska xarunta culayska barafka ee qaraabada dhalaalka giraangiraha. Mustaqbalka, markii xarunta ay culeyska ka eryaan horay, gaariga ayaa si wax ku ool ah ula tacaalinaya nadiifinta barafka indha la ', daboolka barafka. Booska labaad ee culeyska ayaa si sax ah uga sarreeya dhidibka - waxaa lagula talinayaa nadiifinta tayo sare leh ee barafka caadiga ah. Ugu dambeyntiina, markii xarunta ay culeyska saartay dib loo beddelo, waa ku habboon tahay in baraf ku nadiifiyo sagxadaha aan sinnayn, iyo sidoo kale qaadista barafka oo ka soo baxa mid kale.
Muunad farshaxan oo taariikhi ah oo taariikhi ah ayaa ah KarcherSSSSSE8.66C Bluver duber. Mashiinku wuxuu leeyahay laba-giraadir laba-giraan ah (ballaad) 66cm), oo ku yaal shaashad gooni ah, oo ka madax bannaan hawo nadiif ah oo la beddeli karo taayirrada. Injineer-afar-Stroke Tecumteh, oo leh awood 8l.S. Waxay si fudud ugu tahay xitaa dhaxan xoog leh.
Su'aasha doorashada
Sidii horeyba loo sheegay, tirada ka saarida barafka ee maanta lagu soo bandhigay suuqa waa mid aad u ballaaran, marka waxaad had iyo jeer dooran kartaa aaladda aad u baahan tahay. Dabcan, ee aan ku jirin xarun kasta oo wax laga iibsado waxaa jira moodello oo dhan. Waxay u badan tahay inaad eegto dhowr dukaanno ama aad raadiso macluumaad internetka ah. Waxa ugu weyn ayaa ah in la go'aamiyo ujeedada aad ugu baahan tahay mashiinka ka saarida barafka.
Hal-waqti, waqti laga bilaabo waqtiga shaqada, markii aad u baahan tahay oo keliya inaad ka saarto tareenka, tusaalaha ugu qaalisan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa gacanta ee ku qalabeysan shidaal ama matoor koronto aad u fiican. Nadiifinta joogtada ah ee aagagga waaweyn waxay u baahan doontaa mashiin awood weyn oo qaali ah. Waxaa jira isku darka noocaas ah (cabirka ama giraangiraha) si fudud ula tacaalida xitaa qashinka ku dhaca barafka (gasacadaha ama gasacadaha laga soo bilaabo cabitaannada, laamaha, iwm.). Hubi oo keliya oo keliya is-difaaca gaarka ah, adoo ka ilaalinaya qof ka shaqeeya shaqo ka soo jeeda jajabyada ku jira jeexjeexyada uumi baxa. Mabda 'ahaan, qaabeynta waxqabadka barafka iyo nidaamka barafka ee barafka ayaa loo qaabeeyey sidaa darteed dhagxaanta jajaban, laamaha, dhaxalka yar yar ama waxyaabo yaryar oo adag ma keento gaari kasta oo la arki karo.
Waqtiga ugu badan ee dhismaha barafka cagaarka ah wuxuu ku xaddidan yahay kaydka shidaalka. Badanaa nus-litir-litir waxay qabtaan qiyaastii 45 daqiiqo oo hawlgal joogto ah. Dhammaan mashiinnada casriga ah, matoorrada waxay cunaan shidaal aan-dhalasho oo aan-dhalaneed oo ah a-92 waxaana loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo saliidaha isku-darka jiilaalka ee jiilaalka heerkulka hooseeya (tusaale ahaan, 5W30).
Iyada oo ay ku shaqeeyaan barafka soo noqnoqda ee barafka qoyan ama indha la ', waxay mudan tahay in lagu qarash gareeyo baraf baraf ah oo leh giraangiraha giraangiraha ama dilaaga ah. By habka, moodooyinka dibigu waxay ku habboon yihiin in laga saaro barafka sagxadaha u soo baxa, sare ama bogagga yar yar.
Waa inaad fiiro gaar ah u yeelataa astaamaha farsamada ee bilowga korantada. Galbeedka, nidaamyada bilowga ah ee bilowga waxaa loogu talagalay korantada 110V. Markaad iibsatay moodal noocaas ah, waxaa lagugu qasbi doonaa inaad raadiso hoos-u-dhigid hoos u dhac ah ama qalab dheeraad ah oo kiciya. Hadda, in badan oo shirkadaha soo saaraya waxay leeyihiin gawaarida dadka Russia bilowga 220V (waxaa fiican in la qaato, maxaa yeelay waxay awoodaan inay ku bilaabaan heerkulka hawada ee ka hooseeya 18C). Marka garaashka waxaad ku bilaabi kartaa mashiinka, waxaa ku filan in lagu xidho isxidhka bilowga ah shabakadda, riix batoonka u dhigma, dami fiilada oo jidka tag. Xaaladdan oo kale, nadiifinta barafka xitaa xaaladaha cimilada daran waxaa lagu dejin doonaa fudud oo xitaa xiiso leh.
| Adag | Nooc | Wadista wadida mashiinka | Nooca mashiinka | Bilow ah | Awoodda matoorka, l. ka. | Cuf, kg. | Widmat Width, cm | Dhererka barafka, cm | Tirada xawaaraha dib-u-soo noqoshada / gadaal | Awoodda shidaalka ee shidaalka, l | Qiimaha, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honda (Japan) | HS 621 G. | Waxbaridda | 4-Stroke | Warshadda Buug-gacmeedka | 6. | 43.5 | 52. | 32. | - | 3.5 | 1380. |
| HS 622 ET. | Is-daadashada, diir diir | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | 6. | 68. | 55. | konton | - | 3.5 | 2157. | |
| HS 1136 K2. | Is-daadashada, diir diir | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | kow iyo toban | 207. | 92. | 58. | - | 6.5 | 6876. | |
| MTD (USA) | 140. | Waxbaridda | 2-Stroke | Warshadda Buug-gacmeedka | 3.5 | 31-ka. | 53. | 28. | - | hal / kow | 510. |
| 611d. | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Warshadda Buug-gacmeedka | shan | 66. | 56. | 53. | 5/2. | 1,8. | 980. | |
| E640F. | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | siddeed | 98. | 66. | 53. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 1310. | |
| E660g. | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | 10 | 102. | 71. | 53. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 1463. | |
| E740F. | Is-daadashada, diir diir | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | siddeed | 110. | 66. | 53. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 1560. | |
| Ym535s. | Waxbaridda | 4-Stroke | Warshadda Buug-gacmeedka | shan | 31-ka. | 53. | 28. | - | 1,8. | 745. | |
| Ym6170de. | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | 7. | 60. | 61. | 53. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 1590. | |
| Ym7195de | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | 9.5 | 99. | 71. | 53. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 1730. | |
| Ym7195de | Is-daadashada, diir diir | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | 9.5 | 110. | 71. | 53. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 1875. | |
| Kedcher (Jarmal) | Sth 9.53. | Waxbaridda | 2-Stroke | Warshadda Buug-gacmeedka | 4.5 | 33. | 53. | 28. | 1 hore | 1.9 | 1070. |
| Sth 5.56. | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Warshadda Buug-gacmeedka (Xulashada Electrostarff- Fursad dheeri ah) | shan | 72. | 56. | konton | 5/2. | 3.8. | 1800. | |
| Sth 8.66 | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | siddeed | 92. | 66. | 52. | 5/2. | 3.8. | 2450. | |
| Sth 8.66 C. | Is-daadashada, diir diir | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | siddeed | 101. | 73. | 52. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 2880. | |
| Ariens (USA) | 1336 OHV. | Is-damacsan | 4-Stroke | Electrotyarter | 13 | 149. | 91. | 24. | 6/2. | 3.8. | 2940. |
Tifaftirayaasha ayaa uga mahadcelinaya dukaanka Bauland si looga caawiyo diyaarinta agabyada sahafka ah.