Alaabada saqafka cusub ee ka soo kordhay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay. Kala-saarista, soosaarayaasha, qiimaha.
Saqafku waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha dhismaha ee ugu mutadawacnimada ee dhismaha, laakiin halkan sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ayaa soo muuqday oo ay heleen qeybinta guud ee tirada badan ee agab cusub
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaa jiray isbeddelo waaweyn oo ku yimid dhismaha, kuwaas oo inta badan la xidhiidha soo bixitaanka tiro badan oo ah qalab cusub oo dhisme casri ah oo ku saabsan suuqa Ruushka. Isticmaalkoodu wuxuu horseeday horumarinta tikniyoolajiyadda geedi socodka dhismaha. Adeegsiga ashyaa'da dhismaha ee cusub ee u oggolaaneysa in aanu si weyn wax u badbaadin karin iyo qaab dhismeedka dhismaha, laakiin sidoo kale si weyn ayaa loo yareeyaa kharashaadka qalliinka dheeriga ah ee dhismayaasha, waxaa sidoo kale lagu kiciyay korsashada tirada badan ee xayeysiinta iyo tamarta Shuruudaha keydinta. Mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu mutadawacnimada ee dhismaha saqafka saqafka, laakiin sidoo kale halkaan sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ayaa soo muuqday oo ay heleen agabyo badan oo saqaf ah.
Iyada oo ku xidhan lakabka saqafka, saqafka saqafka ayaa loo qaybiyaa noocyo 4-line ah: duudduuban, duulimaad, caleenta, caleenta (gabal yar). Xulashada saqafka saqafka waxaa lagu tixgeliyaa astaamaha naqshadeynta dhismaha iyo saamaynta ugu daran ee deegaanka. Alaabada saqafka ah ee soosaarka gudaha waa in si adag loo buuxiyaa shuruudaha martida jira, iyo agabyada iyo wax soo saarka wax soo saarka shisheeye waa inay lahaadaan shahaadada guriga ama shahaadada farsamada. Ka sokow kala-saaridda, sidoo kale waa suuragal in loo kala qaybiyo laba qaybood oo waaweyn oo saqafka saqafka saqafka ah: saqafyada dhismaha magaalooyinka iyo aqalka fasalka.
Duudduubay iyo saqafyada motarka Inta badan isticmaal dhismeedka magaalooyinka waxaanan si weyn hoos ugu dhigaa heer aad u hooseeya oo guryaha iyo guryaha lagu ciyaaro. Dusha sare ee saqafka waxaa laga sameeyaa walxaha bilumen iyo bilumen-poly polym-ka ah oo lagu xoojinayo isku-darka, kartoonnada ama faraha galaaska, iyo sidoo kale qalabka filimka filimka ee elaatijiyadda. Saqafyada mataaska waxaa laga sameeyaa majaajillada kulul ama qabowga yar-yar oo xoojinaya gawaarida ka soo baxa qalabka isku-darka leh ama qalabka dhalada. Ee eexda loo oggol yahay ee saqafka saqafka leh ee saqafka leh iyo saqafka motatistu waa 0-25% oo waxay go'aamisaa tirada lakabyada inta badan iyo rooga dheelitirka biyaha ee dheeraadka ah ee ku saabsan isticmaalka qalabka la isku haysto ee la xoojiyey. Qalabka mosity.
Waxaa jira dhowr shuruudood oo shuruudo guud ah oo loogu talagalay agabyada loogu talagalay aaladda saqafka duulaya iyo mooska. Buugaagta waxaa ka mid ah cabirrada sida: iska caabbi kuleylka, xoogga, ciriiriga shuruuda leh, ka-dheellitirka biyaha, ka-nuugista biyaha oo leh xargaha qaarkood oo ku wareegsan heerkul gaar ah. Cabbirka ugu badan ee la oggol yahay ee saqafka saqafka ka soo baxa ashyaa'da 'bluman-poly polymo' waa sida soo socota: Isu-caabbic kuleylka ah ee ugu yaraan 1.0 MP-ga, oo ah biyuhu waa ugu yaraan 10%, biyo dhaaminta miisaanka 24 saac ka badan %, dabacsanaan leh bar leh wareeg wareegsan oo wareegsan (r) 25mm oo aan ka sarreyn 0s. Ku dhawaad dhammaan agabyada loo isticmaalo hadda astaamo, si weyn ayey uga fiican yihiin shuruudaha farsamada ee kore. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dooranaya sheyga aad u socoto ama aad ku siiso inaad saqaf sameyso, marka ugu horreysa waxay mudan tahay inaad fiiro gaar ah u yeelato u hoggaansanaanta waxyaabaha saqafka ah ee qiyaasaha xargaha.
Iska ilaaliyuhu waa tilmaame go'aamiya in saqafkaaga uu aad u kululaado xagaagii xagaaga dhinaca qorraxda ee guriga. Sidaa daraadeed, caabbinta ugu sarreeya ee la oggol yahay ee kululaynta ku jirta 55c waa yar tahay, maxaa yeelay waxaa lagu ogaanayaa in xitaa xaafadaha xaafadaha, saqafka saqafka bilumen-polymod-ka ay mararka qaarkood diiriyaan illaa 70-80c. Cunitaanka qaraabada ee sheyga waa inuu magdhanaadaa xilli xilliyeed ee qaabdhismeedka ugu weyn uu yahay 40-60% waxyaabaha ugu badan ee baahsan.
Tilmaamaha dabacsanaanta ee heerkulka qaarkood ayaa lagu gartaa suurtagalnimada jabka maaddada (markii lasiiyay radius la jeexjeexay), iyadoo kuxiran heerkulka deegaanka. Qalabka wanaagsan ee bitlumen-polymon-polymbieric waa inuu ilaaliyaa dabacsanaanta heerkulka -15-20s. Biyuhu waxay ka nuugi karaan tiro ka dib 24 saac oo loogu talagalay inta badan qalabka polymer-bymymer-ka gudaha ah ee ku saleysan findayga-fikeedku waa 0.5-2.0%, iyo inta badan agabyada la soo dejiyo iyadoo lagu saleynayo fiber isku-darka, nuugista biyuhu kama badna 0.5%.
Ka hadlida ku saabsan saqafka loo soo dejiyo ee Brumpen-Polymen-Polymric, tiro muujinaya in tilmaamo xiisa leh waa in la ogaadaa. Qalabka qaar waxay leeyihiin guryo ka hortag biqilka dhirta, tani waxay si gaar ah waxtar ugu leedahay saqafyada guryaha, halkaasoo caleenta duugga ah iyo abuurka ay ku ururi karaan waqti ka dib. Sida caadiga ah, agab la soo dejiyo ayaa leh mid si buuxda ula jaan qaadaya jaakad duug ah oo duug ah iyo adhesion aad u sarreeya oo saldhigga ah. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, inta badan soosaarayaasha badankood waxay soo saaraan qalab dhameystiran oo loogu talagalay shaqooyinka saqafka ah: adhessies, xiridda matatious, rinjiyeynta qurxinta iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan.
Hanti kale oo aad muhiim u ah hantida saqafka waa midnimadeeda, si kale haddii loo dhigo, nolosha adeegga mustaqbalka. Waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo dabacsanaanta maaddada. Haddii aan hoos u dhigno tilmaamahan qiyaastii 1c / sanadka, iyo isbadal ahaantiisa marka loo eego sharciga u dhow Tooska tooska ah, way fududahay in la xisaabiyo nolosha adeegga ee suurtagalka ah ee saqafka. Waxyaabaha qaarkood ee la soo dejiyay, waxay gaarayaan 30 sano.
Laakiin muhiim maahan in lagu jahwareero nolosha adeegga suurtagalka ah ee sheyga saqafka leh muddo damaanad ah, oo ay bixiso soo-saaraha, iyo waajibaadka dammaanadda ee shirkadda oo ka fulisa shaqada ku rakibida saqafka saqafka. Nooca ugu habboon ee saqafka saqafka ee shirkadda oo ah wakiilka rasmiga ah ee saqafka saqafka saqafka ama lahaanshaha aqoonsi.
| Wax, t. | Wax soo saare | Cuf 1m2 saqafka, kg | Dadaalka farqiga u ah farqiga u dhexeeya, KN | Rec. Kordhinta,% | Kuleyl- Caabbinta, c. | Biyo Farxad, Mass. % | Dabacsanaan r mm / c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filivol (Tu 400-1-409-5-92) | OJSC "Philikrovlya" | 2.7-3,2 | 500. | 12.8. | 80. | 0,7. | 25 / -15 |
| PhilSlolsovisper (Tu 5770-002-05108038-94) | OJSC "Philikrovlya" | 4.6-5.6 | 500. | sagaal | 80. | 0.8. | 25 / -15 |
| Bacrolast (Tu 5770-541-00284718-94) | Lambarka sirta ah "saqafka" | 3.8. | 500. | 36. | 85. | 0.5. | 25 / -15 |
| Gerbierite (Tu 5770-001-1806033333-95) | Aozt "gerbierit" | 3.70.5 | 750. | siddeed | 80. | hal / kow | 10/ -10. |
| Dneproflex (Tu 5770-531-00284718-93) | JSC "Polmywerdrovlya" | 3.8. | 800. | - | 80. | 1.5 | 25 / -15 |
| Isoplastic; ISOPlastic (Tuyos 5774-0054-057664888-95) | Aart "Kirishi-nefteorgsez" | 3.6 | 600; 360. | - | 120. | hal / kow | 25 / -25 |
| Dhalada (tusactstorm) (tus 5744710-519-92) | Ryazan Crz | 4.0 | 850. | - | 85. | 1.5 | 25/0. |
| Polmooster (tu 5770-537-0287718-93) | Kor u kaca vyborg rz | 3,2 | 750. | - | 85. | 1.5 | 25 / -10. |
| Rutex (Tu 5774-003-00289973-95) | JSC "Ogharkovl" | 3.5-5.5 | 500. | - | 80. | - | 25 / -15 |
| FUCAZOL (Tu 5774-004-00289973-96) | JSC "Ogharkovl" | 4.0-4.5 | 500. | - | 80. | - | 25 / -5 |
| El 5774-528-528-00284718-94) | Ryazan Crz | 3,2 | 800. | - | 80. | 1.5 | 25 / -15 |
| Ataclon (tus "tuslon (tus 5774-545-00284718-96) | At "omskkrovlya" | 3.6 | 500. | - | 100 | 1.0 | 25 / -15 |
| Teleflex (tus 5774-544-00284718-96) | CJSC "MinVoda-bool" | 3.7. | 310-700 | - | 85. | 0.5. | 25 / -15 |
| Quelobit (tu 21-5744710-515-92) | CJSC "MinVoda-bool" | 3,1 | 270. | - | 70. | 1.5 | 25/0. |
| Wasalin Guss i 50 | "Ondulin" (Faransiiska) | 2.05 | 538. | 7.0 | 120. | 0.11 | 10/ -10. |
| Kondor 4s. | "Socodka" (Yugoslavia) | 3.5 | 720. | 7.5 | 100 | 0.54. | - / -10 |
| MK PC iyo MG-PM (TB 14738548.002-42-94) | Dhiiga JSC (Belarus) | 3.6-3.8. | 612. | 60. | 70. | 2.0 | - / -breenna |
| Erastofen. | "Isgaarsiinta" (Faransiiska) | 3.5 | 350. | 52. | 95. | 0,3. | - / - |
| Fiin | "Index" (Talyaaniga) | 3.3-4.3 | 567-617 | 46. | 100 | 0.13-0.2 | - / -10 |
| Monoflex4ru | "Lanstor" (Beljamka) | 4.6 | 563. | 60. | 135. | 1,2 | - / 25 |
| Suprax | Lemmininkyainen (Finland) | 4.0 | 900. | 60. | 100 | 0.4. | - / 25 |
| Derbigam-sp. | "Gaajiyihii" (Beljamka) | 4,4. | 560. | 40. | 140. | 0.43 | - / - |
| ISOPLast (Tu 5774-0054-057664888-95) | "" Isoflex " (Russia-Ireland) | 3.2-5.7 | 612. | - | 120. | 1.0- / -15 | |
| Bitululainpi170. | "Ondulin" (Faransiiska) | 1.9 | 750. | 42. | 120. | 0.46 | - / -6. |
| ScNtumpast Brurmato. | "Talyaanigu xuubka talyaaniga" | 2,2-2.5 | 890. | 69. | 120. | 0.25-0.3 | - /-lix iyo toban |
Dhammaan waxyaalaha saqafka oo dhan ee la tixgelinayo mustaqbalka waxaa si weyn loogu adeegsadaa dhismaha fasalka caadiga ah, laakiin badanaa waxaa lagu arki karaa saqafyada magaalooyinka. Koox aad u tiro badan oo agab ah oo saqafka ah, oo ay weheliso dhaqanka, tiro badan oo cusub ayaa soo muuqday - Qalabka saqafka caleen caleen . Aynu ku bilowno sidii caadiga ahayd oo caan ah Asbestos-sibidhka wareega , ama, sida badanaa loogu yeero, dhar ugid . Xaashida shaashadda ee astaanta caadiga ah waxay leedahay cabbirro 1.20.7m, dhererka qarashka qarashka waa 28mm. Hadda waxaad sidoo kale iibsan kartaa galka dhexe (dhererkiisu yahay qaan-hoosaadka ah ee 40mm) iyo heerka sare (51mm), iyo baaxadda go'yaal noocan oo kale ah waxay u dhexeeyaan 1,750.98m ilaa 2.51.15m. Slate xiiso leh "cusub", oo ay rinjiyeeyaan rinjiga polymer polymer-ka. Waxay kuu oggolaaneysaa inaad ku siiso guryo aragtiyo aad u tiro badan marka loo eego saqafka dhaqatada ee dhaqanka. Shaqada shaashadda aad ayey u fududahay. Xaashiyaha ayaa lagu dhejiyaa shaargada oo lagu dhejiyaa goynta ciddiyaha leh gasket ah oo ka socda qalab saqafka duuban. Markaad rakibayso saqaf saqaf ah, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la sameeyo lakab dahaadh ah oo pergamine ama luul ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in saqafyada slates slates ay tahay astaamo kaliya Russia iyo wadamada CIS, maaddaama ay ku sugan tahay Yurub inay la dagaallamaan adeegsiga asbestos dhismaha.
Xaashiyaha steel , jilicsan ama curyaan ah, oo soo ifbaxay Xaashida aluminium - Ka-cimriga oo aad u cimri dheer oo aad u jilicsan oo aad u jilicsan. Cabbirka xaashida iyo dhererka qarashka qarashka waxaa lagu gartaa noocyo kala duwan oo badan. Nolosha adeegga saqafka noocan oo kale ah waa in ka badan 50 sano, si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii ay dhacdo xaaladaha deegaanka ee deegaanka, tusaale ahaan, xaraashka dardargelinta ayaa suurtagal ah.
In la sameeyo saqafyo wanaagsan oo weligeed ah waa la isticmaali karaa clonish naxaas ah . Waxay u isticmaashaa naxaas ah oo daahir ah 99.9% soo-saarka. Xaddada udgoonnimada 0.6 ama 0.8 mm, iyo ballac 0.67m. Rakibaadda saqafyada noocan oo kale ah waxay u baahan tahay xirfado gaar ah iyo qalab. Waqti ka dib, saqafyada naxaasta ah ayaa ah xitaa in xitaa dhismayaasha dhowaan la dhisay ee "xiddigan Noleny" Rasuul.
Hadda ku saabsan wax kale, oo ah qalabka saqafka ah ee yar ee yaryar waa Kartoonada kartoonnada ee shaashadda . Aynu ku bilowno xaashiyaha wanaagga "ondulin" (France) iyo "Ondura" (USA). Waxay ka samaysan yihiin kartoonnada cudurka dilaaga ah oo leh bilumen waxayna rinjiyeeyaan dibadda oo leh rinjiyeyn gaar ah. Cabbirka go'doominta noocan oo kale ah waa qiyaastii 21m. Way ka sahlan yihiin xaashida birta ah ama shaashadda, ay leeyihiin midab kala duwan, oo aad u deggan shaqada, laakiin cimrigooda si aad ah ayey uga hooseeyaan tan oo aan ka badnayn 25-30 sano. Sida kiiska loo adeegsado shaashad caadi ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lakabka biyaha ka celiyo laga sameeyo qalabka duuban. Dhismaha saqafka saqafka noocan oo kale ah meelaha leh cimilo cad oo af badan laguma talinayo.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, suuqa Ruushka ayaa soo muuqday oo la qaybiyey Bir bir ah. Soosaarka Finnishka, iswiidhishka ee Jarmalka, Ingiriisiga. Kuwani waa xaashiyo bir ah ama aluminium, oo dib loo dhigay qaab saqaf la taaban karo. Cabbirka go'doonka wuxuu kuxiran yahay shirkadda soo saaraha, tusaale ahaan, tile birta birta ee shirkadda Rannila (Finland) waxay leedahay cabbir qiyaastii 71m. FASALKA FARSOORKA MADAXWEYNAHA TILMAAMAHA DIIWAANKA KHATARTA KHUDBADAHA U adeegso polyvinyl chloride, polyester, plastisol, ashyaa'da pommer-ka iyo sida loo yaqaan 'polymer' oo qaro weyn laga bilaabo 20 ilaa 70micron. Intaa waxaa dheer, labadaba nolosha adeegga iyo qiimaha ayaa si aad ah ugu kordhaya kororka dhumucda iyo tayada lakabka polymer.
Tiro ka mid ah shirkadaha reer Galbeedka ayaa aasaasay soosaarka birta ee Ruushka, tusaale ahaan, shirkadda '', hoos-u-dhigga ay ka mid tahay's ', oo ah hoosaad ka mid ah shirkadda Finland ee ay ka mid yihiin shayga iyo qalabka la keenay ee ka socda Finland. Cabbirka wax soo saarka Ruushka waa 10-20% talgarka birta oo dhan oo ay ka iibisay shirkadda Russia.
Tiirarka birta ee ku saabsan tikniyoolajiyadda iswiidhishka iyo tikniyoolajiyadda Finnishka ayaa soo saaraya Bukovo Llp. Xaashiyaha birta ah ee loo yaqaan 'spal' bir bir ah oo ah 10mojiintihintions waxay leeyihiin daaqad Plasesisol ama Polyester. Waxay la mid yihiin TA 5285-001-35530527-98 iyo Tu 41-19-007-89.
Ilaa iyo dhammaadka 1990, Stavan-m (Russia, Podolsk) Qalabka laga soo iibsaday shirkadda Talyaaniga "Stam" waxay soo saartaa taayir bir ah, muuqaalka si aad ah u lamid tiirarka saqafka dhaqanka. Xaashiyaha saqafka ah waxaa loo soo saaray illaa 12 mitir oo dheer oo ay leeyihiin midabka ugu kala duwan. Shirkadda sidoo kale waxay si buuxda u siisaa qaybaha macaamiisha waxsoosaarkeeda.
Shirkad kale oo soo saarta taayir bir ah oo ku saabsan qalabka laga soo iibsaday soosaarayaasha reer galbeedka, laga soo bilaabo alaabada ay soo saartay shirkadaha Ingiriisiga iyo shirkadaha iswiidhishka - shirkad warshadeed ". Tiirarka birta waxaa la soo saaray 8 wax ka badal oo kala duwan iyo 19 nooc ah. Soosaarka waa la xaqiijiyay oo u dhigma Tuson 5285-001-45859820-97.
Qalabka saqafka cagaaran ee svetroporpy Ka dhaqaaq polyvinyl chloride ama polyvarbonate. In kasta oo ay yar tahay, ku dhawaad 10-15 sano, nolosha adeegga saqafka oo kale, waxay soo jiitaan astaamo cusub oo ah xalka naqshadeeye.
Kooxda soo socota ee soo socota Deji ama gabal qalab saqaf ah . Kuwa ugu caansan iyo midka ugu qadiim ah, ka-bixida, dabcan, caws, caws, Duncan iyo shingle, wakiil ka ah kooxdan, taayirrada dhoobada ah.
Saqafka saqafka leh Waxaa la qabtay muddo aad u dheer, iyagu aad ayey ugu baahnaayaan Yurub iyo Aasiya. Tiirarka dhoobada caanka ah waa waara, noloshiisa ayaa ka badan 100 sano jir, ama nadiif ah, oo saqafku laftooda aad bay u qurux badan yihiin. Laakiin, sameynta saqaf da 'ah, waa inaadan ilaawin in culeyska 1m2 dahabka uu yahay 40-70kg iyo "guriga kaararka" saqafka dhaliyay kuma haboona! Hadda waxaad la kulmi kartaa tiro badan oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo ah tiirarka dhoobada dhoobada ah (Dutch, pazovaya, munch-Nunn (Monk-Monk), Frankfurt, iwm.). Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin muuqaalka, culeyska, iyo ugu muhiimsan, marka loo eego habka loo dhigto. Si si sax ah loo dhigo taayirrada, waxaan u baahan nahay takhasusleyaal aqoon sare leh.
Nooca casriga ah ee Tiile wuxuu noqday mid la taaban karo ama, maadaama inta badan loo yaqaan, Ciid ciid ah . Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa adigoo riixaya tikniyoolajiyadda. Si aad u siiso midabka taayirradan, waa midabka midabka ah (wasakhda mugga ah) ayaa la soo bandhigi karaa ama dusha sare la soo bandhigaa. Tani waxay ku buufin karaa halabuurka sibidhka oo midab leh, oo dhameystiran, oo ay ku jiraan damirka ciidda midabka leh oo leh dufan, ku buufin emulsion emulsion dusha sare iyo dhowr jaakad kale oo kale. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee tiirarka la soo saaray: Roman, Vienna, alpine (fidsan). Midab ka doorbidan - casaan iyo bunni. Tile-ka-qaadka ciidda ayaa ka sii daalan, oo inta ka hartay xuduuda inteeda kale waxay ku dhowdahay dhoobada. Hadda waxaad ka heli kartaa labadaba dhoofinta iyo taatikada la taaban karo ee la taaban karo ee Ruushka. Waa waxoogaa ka fudud dhoobada, laakiin si kastaba ha noqotee, laguma talinayo in loo isticmaalo qaabdhismeedka nalalka saqafka.
Bir bir ah (Aan faaruq ahayn oo leh taayir bir ah) waa xaashi bir ah oo loo yaqaan 'steel bir' ah oo ah qiyaastii 10.5 m oo macdanta macdanta ah ee ku taal geedka acrylic ee dusha sare. Tiinta noocan oo kale ah waxay ku daydaa dhoobada. Tilmaanta birta ee soosaarka Ruushka ayaa ah mid si fudud loo sawiray go'yaal bir bir ah oo aan lahayn wax qurxinta kore ah.
Dhawaan, dusha sare ee guryaha dalka, waxaad arki kartaa daaqadaha xirmooyinka khafiifka ah ee miinooyinka ah ee qaab-dhismeedka alwaaxa ama qaabka hexagonal - kani waa waxa loogu yeero Tilmaanta jilicsan . Waxay leedahay saldhiggberss-ka oo leh hilib bitrun ah oo lagu dabaqay, iyo dusha sare ee budada macdanta, i.e. Qaab-dhismeedka, waxay la mid tahay qalabka saqafka casriga ah ee la duubay. Cabbirka taayirrada noocan oo kale ah waa qiyaastii 1m 3m 300-350mm oo qaba dhumuc leh 3-4mm. Waxay ku dhejisay naxaas si ay u ceyrsadaan. Xiritaanka agabkan oo kale waxaa qabta ciddiyaha oo ay ugu wacan tahay lakabka tile-is-adhessive, oo ah 50-60% wadarta guud ee aagga. Waxaa fiican in la isticmaalo tiirarka xajiska ah, maadaama ay leeyihiin dusha sare ee is-faafaya. Ha iloobin in heerarka rakibaadda saqafyada saqafyada saqafka bitumen-polymo-poly polymer, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in loo baahdo lakab biyo-hoosaad, oo ay tahay in laga sameeyo qalab saqaf leh.
Mid kale, kaas oo si isa soo taraya loogu qaybiyo Kanada, Australia oo ay bilaabaan inay gasho Yurub, maaddada ficil ahaan aan ku dhicin suuqa Ruushka, waa saqafka saqafka sare-sareeya saqafka sare. Soosaarka tiirarka ka kooban, oo ay ku jiraan fiilooyinka alwaaxda, sibidhka iyo balaastigga. Nolosha adeegga ee agabyada noocan oo kale ah ayaa ka badan 50 sano.
Iyo gabagabada ku saabsan waxyaabahaas oo loo baahan doono markii la rakibay saqafka saqafka. Kuwaani waa kuwa la hakiyey, galka iyo gogosha iyaga, funnels, tuubooyinka buluuga ah, geesaha iyo jilbaha ka sokow, dhamaadka iyo xargaha. Qiimaha qaybaha waxay noqon karaan 30-40% qiimaha wax saqafka ah.
Iyo hal aragti dheeri ah. Haddii aad saqaf ka samaynayso saqafka ka soo baxa agabyada dibedda laga keeno, way adag tahay in la xisaabiyo qaddarka loo baahan yahay ee maaddada iyo qaybaha naftaada. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah shirkadaha ku takhasusay rakibidda saqafka saqafka waxay bixisaa xisaabinta kumbuyuutarka ee qaabeynta lagama maarmaanka u ah agabyada saqafka iyadoo loo eegayo sawirada la soo bandhigay.
Qalabka saqafka ugu muhiimsan ee loogu talagalay dhismaha aqalka-dalka
| Magaca qalabka saqafka, dal wax soo saar ah | Wax | Nooca saqafka | Miisaan 1M2, kg | Cimri dherer, sanado | Qiimaha 1M2. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RUberoid (Russia) | Kartoonada, bilumen, min. budo | La duubay | 3. | 5-7 | 2.5-5 rubles. |
| Liiska fiberka Asbestos / Slate / (Ruushka) | Sibidhka Portland + asbest | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 9.8. | Illaa 50 | laga bilaabo 18 rubles. |
| Fidsan, wareer, midab "cusub" | laga bilaabo 40 rubles. | ||||
| Gofrolist (Russia) | Bir bir ah | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 5.0 | > 50. | Laga bilaabo 25 rubles. |
| Gofrolist (Russia) | Jaandi | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 2.5 | > 50. | laga bilaabo 20 rubles. |
| Cajalad naxaas ah 0.6mm (Poland) 0,8 mm | Naxaas, 99.9% | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 5,4. | > 100. | laga bilaabo $ 25. |
| 7,2 | |||||
| Bir bir ah, Rannila (Finland iyo Ruushka-Finland) | Daboolida birta ee ka soo baxa polyester, polyurethane, Plastisol | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 4.5 | 30-50 | $ 10-20. |
| Birta birta (Sweden) | Othink. Bir oo leh polyester dahaarka ah, plastisol, Terra Plegel | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 4.5 | 30-50 | $ 7-18. |
| Birta tile "Stanov" (Russia) | Bir bir ah oo lagu daboolay polyester, plastisol | Wax toosan oo bir ah | shan | 30-50 | $ 12-14. |
| Waraaqaha Qaabilaadda (Finland) | Dabool bir ah oo ka soo baxa polyester, hunguri ama PVC | Wax toosan oo bir ah | shan | 30-50 | $ 12.5-15 |
| Ondulin (france) | Kartoonada oo leh Bdanumen + gaar ah | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 3,1 | 25-30 | Laga bilaabo $ 6. |
| Ondukler (france) | PVC (Svetopropuskyky) | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 1,4. | 10-15 | Laga bilaabo $ 15. |
| Ondura (USA) | Kaararka clulose ee leh bitumen + gaar ah | Wax toosan oo bir ah | 3,3. | 15-20. | Laga bilaabo $ 6. |
| Tile Tile Tile | Dhoobo | Meelo dhigidda | 40-70 | 100 | Laga bilaabo $ 12. |
| Tile (Finland) waaqici | Sibidhka, carrtz ciid, dheeh | Meelo dhigidda | Illaa 50 | ||
| Khaas ah | 38-43 | laga bilaabo $ 10. | |||
| fiin | 40-45 | laga bilaabo $ 15. | |||
| Tilmaanta la taaban karo (Russia) | Sibidhka, ciidda quarterz, midabka | Meelo dhigidda | Illaa 50 | Illaa 50 | laga bilaabo 90 rubles. |
| Saqafka saqafka ikopal (finland) | Saldhigga Fiberglass, bilumeniga, min. budo | Meelo dhigidda | 9.8. | Illaa 30. | $ 7.5-9,2 |
| Bardolin (Faransiiska) | Saldhigga Fiberglass, bilumeniga, min. budo | Meelo dhigidda | 10 | Illaa 30. | laga bilaabo $ 15. |
| Qorshaynta Mareykanka ee Mareykanka (France) | Saldhigga Fiberglass, bilumeniga, min. budo | Meelo dhigidda | 9.8. | Illaa 30. | laga bilaabo $ 10. |
| Katepal (Finland) Saqafka saqafka jilicsan | Saldhigga Fiberglass, bilumeniga, min. budo | Meelo dhigidda | siddeed | Illaa 30. | laga bilaabo $ 7.7 |
| Ondostil (France) Bir bir ah | Bir bir ah oo leh min. ku dheji acrylic geedka | Meelo dhigidda | 8.75 | ilaa 40. | laga bilaabo $ 20. |
| Bir bir ah (Russia) | Bir bir ah | Meelo dhigidda | 5.5 | ilaa 40. | laga bilaabo 40 rubles. |