Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka: Faa'iidooyinka iyo faa'iido darrooyinka agabyada kala duwan, waayihii dalabka, heerka loo yaqaan 'maandooriyaha'.
Dhawaan, dukumiintiyo ku-meel-gaar ah oo ku saabsan keydinta kuleylka iyo inta lagu gudajiro dib-u-habeynta guryaha iyo adeegyada la wadaago waxaa kordhiyay mabda'a bixinta hoose ee tamarta kuleylka. Taasi waa sababta ay wax u dhimayaan kuleylka dhismayaasha guryaha la dego ay ka mid yihiin dhibaatooyinka ugu muhiimsan dhismaha.
Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa dhowr kooxo waaweyn:
Galaas iyo fiberlass;
Suunka macdanta;
Polyters polymoners (xumbo): polystyrene iyo xumaha polystyrene, polyurthane iyo xumbo polyurethane, polyetylanene, Polyester, oo ka socda Folnol;
Dahabka kuleylka ah ee ka socda agabyada dabiiciga ah iyo waxyaabaha ku saabsan howlahooda (ciriiriga taraafikada, baloogyada peat, warqad, iwm);
Guddiyada kuleylka kuleylka ah iyo qaab dhismeedka;
La taaban karo oo la beddelay: la taaban karo oo la taaban karo (la taaban karo oo la taaban karo), polystyrene Bauton;
Dambiilaha kuleylka ee ku saleysan caagga isku-darka ah;
Dambiilaalka kuleylka ee ka yimaada qashinka wax soosaarka silicon.
Qiyaastii 240mln waxaa lagu kharash gareeyay kuleylka dalkeena. Ton shidaal shuruudo leh. Tani waa 20% wadarta isticmaalka tamarta ee dalka
Marka ugu horreysa, tirada si hufan oo wax u hufan ayaa iska leh Muraayadaha iyo qalabka macdanta macdanta Qeybta ay tahay in wax soo saarka soosaarka kuleylka ah ee sannadihii la soo dhaafay ay tahay 40-60%. Faa'iidooyinkoodu waa dab-damis, iska caabbial kiimiko, xasillooni yar, nuugista qoyaanka oo hooseeya iyo guryo wanaagsan oo codka ah. Waxaa muddo dheer la yareeyay dhalooyinka khamaarka ah ee la yaqaan ee wax soo saarka gudaha, oo, in kasta oo ay jiraan wax walba oo kacsan, ay dhammaantood ka degto, aan ku habboonayn shaqada, ayaa wali lagu dabaqayaa inta ugu badan ee shaqada dibedda ama in lagu xidho dhismayaasha aan deganeyn. Kula tali biyaha dhalada ee loogu talagalay dahaarka dhismayaasha guryaha la dego suurtagal maahan, laakiin haddii horey loo qabtay, waa in si aad ah looga go'naa qolka laftiisa.
Baaxadda qalabka kuleylka kuleylka ee ugu weyn
| Nooca sheyga | Derbiyo | Saqaf | Sagxad dhul | Safiito | Aasaaska, codka. sagxad dhul | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wajiyo | Bannaan | Dhex ah | Masonry (lakabka dhexdhexaadka ah) | Saddex-lakab | |||||
| Fiblass iyo Fiblass Ursa, Inover | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - |
| Mineratote | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - |
| Prental ballaariyay polystyrene polystyrene psb | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | |
| Soo-saarista Polystyrene Foom | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| Foil polyetylen foom | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| Corkboard Corkboard Corboard | +. | +. | +. | - | - | - | +. | - | - |
| Xaashiyaha waraaqaha ee Xaraashka ah. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - | |
| Baloogyada bilaashka ah ee 'Geat' | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | - |
| Khiyaamee xarkaha xumbada | +. | +. | +. | - | - | - | +. | +. | - |
| Polystyrevreton NIIIZB | +. | +. | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Ku saleysan caagga isku-darka (*) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Laga soo bilaabo qashinka wax soosaarka silicon | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | +. | +. |
* - Dambiilayaasha kuleylka ku saleysan ee ku-saleysan (Armaflexht iyo AC) waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa oo keliya dhuumaha
Hadda oo ah dahabka kuleylka tayada sare leh ayaa si ballaaran loogu metelaa suuqa Ruushka. Agabyada laga soo qaado fiberlass Dhowr soo saareyaal dhowr ah oo ajnabi ah iyo kuwa maxalli ah. Qalabkani waa xoogaa qaali ah, laakiin iyaga oo leh kuwo aad u fudud oo aad u sahlan, iyo tan ugu muhiimsan, waxaay ka ammaan badan tahay in la shaqeeyo. U gudbi safka waxaad u baahan tahay inaad sheegto labada soosaarayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee qalabka kuleylka kuleylka. Isoad (Finland) waa qayb hoosaad ka mid ah soo-saaraha muraayadda ugu weyn uguna da'da weyn ee ka soo saara welwelka adduunka ee ay quseyso adduunka ee CUSUB- Gobain (France). Islouline wuxuu soo saaraa khamaarka dhalada C1941G. waana soo-saaraha ugu weyn ee dhismaha kululaynta kuleylka-kululaynta Finland (ganacsi Maarso Gaari ) iyo acoustic ( Akusto. ) Qalabka. Soosaarka sanadlaha ah ee dhalada dhalada ayaa ka badan 40000 tan. Shirkaddani waa mid ka mid ah alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu waaweyn ee qalabka kuleylka kuleylka ee Ruushka.
Soo saarista fiberlass waxay dhacdaa ku dhawaad 1500. Dhalitaanka la shubay waxaa lagu cadaadiyaa taargooyin leh godad leh dhexroor ah oo ah 4-5 micron. Fibers-ka dhakhaatiirta ka dhalanaysa waxay qabaan dhumuc weyn oo qiyaastii 6micron ah, kaas oo B20 ka yar dhumucda timaha bini'aadamka. Kadib, si aad u nadiifiso iyaga inta udhaxeysa naftooda, gaasleyaasha gaarka ah waxaa lagu buufiyaa aerosol. Dhakhaatiirta ka dhalata dhalada, alaabada dhumucda la rabay iyo cufnaanta u yimaada daaweynta kuleylka ayaa loo sameeyaa. Heerkulka 250 ° C, polymation-ka polymation-ka ah ee la-dadaala ayaa dhaca, oo maaddadu waxay heshaa adkaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, agabyo kala duwan oo weji leh ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa dusha sare ee maaddada: warqad kraft, foil aluminium, ashyaado fiber ah, iwm.
Qalabka kuleylka fiber-ka ee fiber-ka gudaha waxaa lagu soo saaraa qaab duub (101.6 m iyo 50mm qaro weyn) magaca sumadda "Muransavavoy" (Char. = 0.036 W / (MK).
Dhawaan, tartankii ugu weynaa waa "dhagaxa", iyo si sax ah sida ugu wanaagsan ee muraayadda muraayadda muraayadda ee caanka ah. Barafg, wats rockool. (Denmark) iyo Payco of the Partek (Finland). Tani waa shey jawi saaxiibtinimo oo aan laga sii saaxiibooyin lahayn oo leh guryo biyo-celin ah, laakiin isla waqtigaas uumiga uumiga. Guryaha kuleylka kuleylka ah, qalabka basalt waa ka sarreeyaa khamaarka dhalada, si kastaba ha noqotee, way ka qaalisan yihiin. Qalabkani waxay tixraacaan kooxda aan ka sii xumayn. Alaabta dawooyinka kuleylka ah ee ka samaysan pomoomers ama warqad ku jira dabka ayaa la gubay 5 daqiiqo. Kuleyliyeyaasha ka samaysan quraarado galaas ah oo heerkul ah 650c, oo lagu gaadho qiyaastii 7 daqiiqo oo ah dab gudaha ah oo caadi ah, dhalaalay oo lagu afuufsaday kubbad galaas ah. Hadda, dhogor macdan qodista macdanta ee loo yaqaan 'Batical' ma dhalaali doono mana lumiyo qaab xitaa heerkul ah 1000C.
Qalabka muraayadaha muraayadaha iyo dusha sare ee danta sare waxay amaan u yihiin waxsoosaarka oo loo isticmaalo maaddada lagu taliyay tikniyoolajiyadda shaqada ee lagu taliyay
Walaaca RockWoolle waa hogaamiyaha adduunka ee soosaarka dhismaha iyo go'doominta farsamada ee ku saleysan "dhagaxa".
Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu wax ku oolka ah ee dahaarka kuleylka kuleylka - polymons-ka gaaska ka buuxo. Ugu caansan uguna caansan iyaga Polyfom (polystyrene xumbo) . Hoos udhaca qaboojinta kuleylka iyo ololka xumbo ee xumbodu maahan caqabad markii la isticmaalayo qaab dhismeedka suuxsan oo ay weheliyaan la taaban karo ama leben.
Foomka Polystyrene waxaa sameeya habka loo yaqaan 'polystyrene' oo ay sameeyaan habka loo yaqaan 'prolystyrene' oo ay sameeyeen habka loo yaqaan 'Russia'
Isugeynta jiritaanka kuleylka, taas oo ah tilmaameha ugu weyn ee guryaha dawladda kuleylka ee sheyga, waxay si weyn u xidhan tahay waxa ku jira qoyaanka ee ku jira, boqolkiiba nooc kasta oo yareynaya tabarrucadan 4%. Intaa waxaa u dheer, xilliga qaboobaha, oo ku jira qoyaan polystyrene, barafoobay oo u rogida barafka, si tartiib tartiib ah u kala saara maaddada granules shaqsiyeed, kaas oo si qoto dheer u yareynaya cimri dhererka polystyrene.
Cayayaanka farsamada ee qaar ka mid ah qalabka kuleylka kuleylka ah
| Nooca dahaarka | DIIWAAN GELINTA XUQUUQDA HALKAN, W / (MK) |
|---|---|
| Gudiga wajiga polyalpan. | 0.02. |
| Hawo | 0,022 |
| Doqonnimo polyurel | 0,025 |
| Styystol (polystyrene fidsan) | 0,027 |
| Hoos udhac hooseeya (fenfololgic) | 0,027 |
| Raroc (basalt dhogor) | 0.035 |
| Rockwool (basalt dhogor) | 0.035 |
| Polyentageyley ppe-r 3010 | 0.035 |
| Yareynta rodols linoterm | 0.036 |
| Ifect (calanka) | 0.038. |
| Nobsil (basalt dhogor) | 0.039 |
| "Poomolole" (Foam) | 0.04. |
| Corkboard Corkboard Corboard | 0.042. |
| Ursa (daadadka) | 0.044. |
| Sort (warqad) makron | 0,046. |
| Dekwall (dahaadynta korka) | 0.047. |
| Dhoofajiga | 0.07 |
| Baloogyada bilaashka ah ee 'Geat' | 0.07 |
| Asphalt asphalt | 0.1. |
| Kuleylka ayaa yareyn kara gacanta gacanta | 0.12. |
| Qoryo adag | 0.25. |
| Ciid qalalan | 0,3. |
| NASAVOCLOCLAVE FOOAM | 0.45 |
| Dhaqdhaqaaq daran | 0.55 |
| Leben qosol leh | 0,7. |
Ciyaarahaas waa la dejiyaa Soo-saarista Polystyrene Foom . Inaad yeelato nuugista biyuhu aad u hooseeya (wax ka yar0.3%) sababtuna tahay qaab dhismeedka unugyada iyo xoogga farsamada gacanta, dardaaranka ka-saarista kuleylka dibedda, ee ku jira kuleylka dhulka hoostiisa ee dhismayaasha, aasaaska, derbiyada dhulka hoostiisa, halkaas oo adeegsiga loo adeegsado wax badan oo dahab ah oo aan macquul aheyn in kor loo qaado biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah. Suuqa Ruushka, ka-soo-saarista Polystyrene waxaa wakiil ka ahaa welwelka Basf (Jarmalka) ee hoos timaada astaanta stiprodur (k omplompl.. = 0.027-0.033 w / (MK).
Laakiin qalabka dahabiga kuleylka kuleylka ah kuma koobna fiber polystyrene. Waxay muddo dheer ahayd wax la yaqaan oo caan ah, kaas oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad isku mar si isku mid ah u xalliso dhibaatooyinka heerkulka iyo, dhawaaqa iyo biyaha. waxan Polyetylen polyetylen oo xumbo ah (PPE) . Waxaa laga soo saaray Russia in ka badan 10 sano (Tu 6-55-26-89E) iyo qaab dhismeedka wax dhisaya ee ku hoos jira noocyada ppe-p iyo ppt-rl iyo "timaha". Xariiq ballaaran ayaa kuu oggolaanaya inaad si sax ah u doorato waxa loo baahan yahay. PPE waxay soo saartaa dhumucyo kala duwan: ka soo go'yaal khafiif ah oo loo yaqaan 'pets' oo loo yaqaan 'pets' oo loogu talagalay dhirta qaro weyn (laga bilaabo2 illaa 15 mm) waxaana lagu keenaa duub oo leh ballac laga bilaabo 10.5 ilaa 1.5 m iyo ilaa 200. ilaa 1.5 m iyo ilaa 200m. Qoraalkan gabi ahaanba waa nabad gabi ahaanba nabadgelyo caafimaad iyo, muhiim ah, bayooloji ahaanba. Maaddaama PPP ay leedahay qaab-dhismeed xiran, waxay ku dhawaad wax ka qabataa nuugista qoyaanka iyo marka la isticmaalayo, lakabka dheecaanka uumiga ee dheeraadka ah ee uumiga looma baahna. Suuqa Ruushka hadda waxaa jira wax soo saar la mid ah shirkadaha shisheeye, si kastaba ha noqotee, waa qaali.
Sharaf muhiim ah ayaa ah fududeynta rakibaadda sheyga noocaas ah: Waxay ku lifaaqantahay darbiyada iyadoo la adeegsanayo stapler dhismaha. Maandarro, waxaa xusid mudan in xad-gudbintan gabi ahaanba uumiga iyo gaaska-wax lagu akhriyo, i.e. Qolka ayaa joogsanaya "neefsashada" oo, hadii aysan ahayn in aan la siinin, waxaad la kulmi kartaa saameynta jirku ama aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo.
Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka leh ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee loo yaqaan 'kuleylka' '
Koox kale oo xiiso badan Dambiilaadda kuleylka ah ee laga sameeyay agabyada dabiiciga ah iyo alaabada ay ka shaqeeyaan . Waxyaabaha lagu soo saaray ee lagu soo saaray qashinka waraaqaha oo ay ku dhasheen dhadday, penite iyo wax-harayaal kale iyo buufinno. Waxaa lagu xardhay maandooriyaha si loo yareeyo qoyaanka nuugista qoyaanka, antipires-ka si ay u siiyaan maaddada aan la xakamayn karin iyo antiiseps, 0.078 w / (MK) waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu joojiyo derbiyada dibedda iyo gudaha, saqafka. Qalabka waxaa loo soo saaraa biyo-biyo-gariir ama qaab gudeyaal ah.
Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka ee asalka ah waxaa loogu talagalay magaalada Kezhetsky T Vers. Baloogyada bilaashka ah ee 'Geat' . Waxay ku taalaa derbiga bannaanka, baloogyada (0.510,250,88m) ayaa awood u leh in ay ka buuxsamaan rarka 8-12 ton ee US2, iyo astaamaha kuleylka ee darbiga oo leh dhumuc weyn oo ah 0.5m oo u dhigma barta oo dhumuc weyn leh 2.2 m (cock. = 0.078 w / (MK). Sharafta shuruud la'aan ee maaddadani waa daahirkeeda dabiiciga ah.
Infsulator cusub oo kuleylka ah waa Taarikada iyo duub ka soo baxa gufta . Maaddadii waxaa laga sameeyay lakabka kore ee kiliyaha Cortex ee Oak ee Mediterranean Cost Oak. Alaabada laga sameeyay tuubbo cayiman ayaa leh muuqaal soo jiidasho leh, waa deegaan u fiican, waxaana loo isticmaalaa dahaarka gudaha ee dhismayaasha guryaha deggan, gaar ahaan darbiyada, inta ay qabanayaan shaqo qurxinta qurxinta. Corf waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dahaarka dabaqyada. Gaashaanka kuleylka kuleylka kuleylka ee Corkbom-ka ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa dahaarka wajiyada iyo derbiyada bannaanka.
U baahan tahay in la xuso O. Nidaamyada kuleylka kuleylka ee gaarka ah , sida "guriga diiran", "farta", darbiga ISpolp, ee ku saabsan kuleylka kuleylka ee kuleylka (polyalpan, iwm, "iwm," iyo "themermour" ).
Marka, adigoo bilaabay dahabka gurigaaga, waxaad leedahay fursad aad u wanaagsan oo aad ku doorato oo aad u isticmaasho agabyada kuleylka kuleylka ee ugu habboon ee ku habboon xallinta dhibaatooyinka kugu soo dhacaya.
Cabirrada farsamada ee qaar ka mid ah muraayadaha indhaha iyo weelka macdanta macdanta
| Wax soo saarka adag | Wax | Astaamaha / aragtida | DIIWAAN GELINTA XUQUUQDA HALKAN, W / (MK) | Qiimaha, $ / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Igaaliye (Finland) | Dhalada biyaha | KT-11 / Roll | 0.041-0.036 | Laga bilaabo 2. |
| CT / Roll | 0.041-0.036 | |||
| KL / foornada | 0.041-0.033 | |||
| KL-a / saxanka | 0.041-0.033 | |||
| Ursa (Russia-Germany) | Dhalada biyaha | M-11; M-15; | Laga bilaabo 3. | |
| M-17 / Roll | 0.046-0.044 | |||
| P-15; P-17 / saxanka | 0.046-0.044 | |||
| Paroce (Finland) | Bastalt wat. | Il / foorno | 0,0365 | Laga bilaabo 6. |
| A-il / saxanka | 0,0335 | |||
| IM / Roll | 0,0365 | |||
| Rockwool (Danmark) | Bastalt wat. | Flexx batts / saxanka | 0.035 | Laga bilaabo 5. |
| Batts-42, -40, -48 / saxanka | 0.035-0.033 | |||
| -80; -100; -160 / foornada | 0.035-0.033 | |||
| Rollbats / Roll | 0.036 |