Tokisetso ea Cuiline le likhoele tse bontšang ho lokisa mosebetsi. Likhetho tse tharo tsa tefo le li-kichineng tsa ka kichineng. Likhakanyo.
Tlhophiso ea kichineng, e le molao, e hloka hore ho be le maemo a maholo a batho ba babang oa ho thunya kapa likamoreng tsa bolulo. Mona o lokela ho sebetsana feela le lithaba, lisebelisoa le baetsi ba motlakase, empa hape le baemeli ba litsebi tsa polasetiki, baemeli ba moea. Ka kakaretso, o hloka ho itokisetsa pele bakeng sa hore kichine e lokiselitsoeng e le ts'ebetso ea ho ts'oasa nako ebile e na le lintho tse ngata tse sebelisoang.
Ka setso, boleng le theko ea ho lokisa li latela litšoaneleho le boemo ba meho. Haeba e ntse e sebetsa ka har'a lebitso la mofuta oa boemo ba boemo ba boemo bo phahameng, u ka se belaelle hore ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e tla e etsoa maemong a mangata haholo le melao ea molao. Hangata li-furms li fana ka litšebeletso tse fapaneng. Ha se libui feela, empa hape le batsamaisi, baqapi, likhakanyo, babuelli ba molao ba tšebelisano. Ea morao-rao e hokahane ho bona ha develoption e hlokahala e hloka ho hokahana. Ha ho thata ho hakanya hore mosebetsi oa e mong le e mong oa bakhanni o kenyelelitsoe tlalehong eo. Lik'hamphani tse rarahaneng li bala litšenyehelo tsohle tsa mosebetsi ho qala ho tloha ho $ 300 ka 1m2.
Mokhabiso o sa ngolisoeng oa kaho o khona ho bonts'a sephetho se setle. Litsebi tse ntle tse ntle tseo pele bakeng sa khamphani ea ho lokisa li ka lula mona, empa bakeng sa mabaka a tsebahalang tseo ba li hlahisang bohobe bo botle. E le molao, Moriridade o kenyelletsa basebetsi ba nang le likeletso tse loketseng. Leha ho le joalo, ntlheng ena, moreki ka boeona o tlameha ho laola ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa le ho rekisa likhakanyo tsa litšenyehelo, leha mehlala e 'ngoe e bontša hore lintho tsohle li itšetlehile ka netefatso. Litheko tse hakanyetsoang tsa mosebetsi - ho tloha ho $ 150 bakeng sa 1m2.
Mosebetsi oa batho ba bitsoang brigade ba tsoang linaheng tse haufi le beng ba batho ba theko e tlaase ho tloha ho $ 20 ka 1m2. Empa, joalo ka ha ho tlisoa ho bontša, ho molemo hore u se ke oa sebelisa litšebeletso tsa bona. Haeba boleng bo tlase ba mosebetsi ho lihahi tse kholo ha se kamehla ha ho bonahale ho feta, joale sebakeng sa lehae, joalo ka kichine, batšoantšisi ba tlase ba ka bapala le uena metlae e khopo. Mohlala, ba ke ke ba sebetsana le mesebetsi e mengata e ikhethang.
Thibelo ee ke efe? Ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa sejoale-joale, tse nkang matla tsa mefuta eohle ea puisano tse hlokang lihahi ha se boemo bo phahameng ba botsebi, empa hape le boiphihlelo bo nepahetseng. Ka tsela, bahlahisi ba li-kichine o eletsa ka matla ho etsa qeto mabapi le khetho ea mohlala nako e telele pele ho qalo ea mosebetsi oa ho lokisa. Ka ho amohela, u ke ke ua khona ho qoba liphoso ha u le hoetla thepa ea ka tlung. Moahloli o ile a haelloa ka phoso: Khothaletso ea Khohlano e reriloeng hantle morerong ona, mme hape ba tla tlameha ho letsetsa beng ba eona, e le hore bonyane ho bolaea. Hopola hore phomolo ea pele ea tokisetso ea kichineng e re: "Pele ho tsohle, e ikemiselitse ka thepa ea ka tlung."
Haeba u na le moeli ka mekhoa eohle, u sa tšoanela ho ingolisa. Ho lekane feela ho lekanya kamore ea kichineng, etsa moralo oa hae oa letsoho, moo lihlooho tse felisitsoeng tsa ho reka, moo lihlooho tse felisitsoeng li bontšitsoeng ka bongata. Monyetla oa mohlala o joalo ka boleng ba ona bo tsitsitseng. Empa hlokomela hore khetho e ntlafalitsoeng, e le molao, ha o fane ka sebaka sa ho nketela mose ea sa tsebe. Kahoo haeba, ha re re, e 'ngoe ea likhabinete ha ea ka ea "loketseng" k'honeng e abetsoeng, u tla tlameha ho batla aterese ea boholo ba sebopeho. Sena se tla fokotsa ho theosa le ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa, hore fektheri e nang le tsitsipano e kholo e nkuoa ho "qeta" li-module tsa tsona.
Ho joalo, khetho e nepahetseng ke ho odara kichineng ka kotloloho tlasa kamoreng ea eona. Sena se ka etsoa ka kamoreng ea mabenkele le moetsi. Lifesepeti tse ngata li na le marang-rang a tsona a barekisi, 'me batho ba bangata ba bangata ba na le basebetsi ba tšoanelehang ba etsang litekanyo tsohle ebile ba pheha moralo oa puisano ea boenjiniere. Leha ho le joalo, leano le joalo le le mabenkeleng feela le rekisoang ka thekiso ea mefuta ea atite.
Mehato ea ho lokisa
Ho u nolofalletsa hore u hlahise molumo oa mosebetsi oa ho lokisa, re thathamisa methati ea bona. Ntho e tlang pele ea ketso ke sebaka, mosebetsi o mong o etsoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang o bapisoa le o silafatsoa ka ts'ebetso e nyane.
- Mesebetsi e nyarosang (ho felisoa ha mabokose ka ntloaneng ka ntloaneng ea ntloaneng, ho tlosa mabenkeleng; ho tlosa mabenkeleng, pawn, thae, li-IT.d.).
- Ho khanna ho bula ka kichineng leboteng la motse-moholo, ho kopanyelletsa karolo ea ho bula ha loggia, ho theha melapollo ea ho kenya li-black.
- Starane ea mabota tlasa thapo ea motlakase.
- Ho beha electrocable.
- Kaho ea likarolo tsa kahare tsa kahare.
- Ho kenya lipeipi tsa metsi a chesang le a batang, likhoele, ho futhumatsa; Ho kenya mitha ea metsi a chesang le e batang, filthara "lia beha mabaka" ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela.
- Ho kenya Windows (subcontractor "kele ea bohlokoa").
- Sesebelisoa sa kofi.
- Ho kenya setsi sa kantle sa sistimi ea moea e arohaneng (subcontractor- "ho ejana").
- Ho tsamaea siling le marako.
- Sesebelisoa sa thipa sa sand-sand-lehlabathe.
- Ho kenngoa ke maliso.
- Ho shpocking le siling le mabota.
- Ho kenya heater ea metsi (boiler).
- Sistimi e futhumatsang motlakase.
- Lithaelese tsa kantle.
- Ho tobana le lithaba tsa lebota.
- Ho kenya SantechPries.
- Ho penta (ka likarolo tse tharo) tsa siling le marako.
- Ho kenya yuniti ea ka hare ea boemo ba moea e arola ka kamoreng ea ho phomola.
- Ho kenya li-radiator tsa metsi.
- Ho kenya li-sokeble, li-switchs, mabone.
- Patie le ho kenya ts'ebetso ea plthross (subcontrackers- Junckers).
- Ho kenya thepa ea ka kichineng le lisebelisoa tsa thepa (tlhahiso le kopano ea thepa ea thepa ea la 8 Hlakubele ").
Taelo ea kichineng e na le boikarabello feela, hobane tsohle, ho tsoa ho tlhophiso ea tlhophiso ho sekoti sa ho qetela, ua khetha. Kahoo, litlhaloso tse khahlang ho latela mohlala oa kichine li tla eketsoa likhoto tse kholo tsa ho lokisa (mabapi le mosebetsi le ho qeta thepa). Ho na le likarolo tse ngata: sebetsana, maoto a maoto, litopo, lisebelisoa, mechini ea mabone, lisebelisoa le ho feta. Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e na le sehlooho sa eona le theko. Ho phahama ha sampole e laetsoeng hangata ho etsahala ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse ngata tse nang le palo e kholo ea lintho tse sebetsang, "li-slight-lishelefong, li-slicks tsa hae, le ka litšenyehelo tsa Lisebelisoa tse khethiloeng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea likarolo tse behiloeng (libakeng tsa tlhaho le patsi ea tlhaho, aluminium kant.). Ho khetholla litšenyehelo tsa theko ea lihlooho, kichineng tsa kichineng li ithaopela ho e lekanya ka meea e tseleng.
Ntle le tlhaloso, morekisi o fana ka moreki oa ho taka mofuta oa kichineng le leano la hore libaka tsa motlakase le liphallelo li boetse li hlokometsoe. Morero ona o tlameha ho fuoa lihahi. Nakong ea hara kichineng, ba qeta ho lokisa kamore mme ba e lokisa bakeng sa kopano ea thepa ea ka tlung. Litso tse seng tsa ho nehelana ka lik'hamphani tse fapaneng tse fihlang ho tloha libeke tse peli ho fihlela likhoeli tse 3 (haeba e bua ka sehlahisoa se kenang ka teng).
Ka tlhophiso ea kichine, u ka sebelisa litšebeletso tsa meralo, empa ho molemo ho sebelisa thuso ea eona feela molemong oa ho phatloha ka phapusing ea lefatše. Hangata mosebetsi oa meralo e na le mekhahlelo e meraro. Qalong, o ile a fumana kabelo ea hae, a ithuta likarolo tsa bohahlauli, a fana ka litaelo tse hlokahalang, a fana ka morero oa thepa ea ka tlung le lisebelisoa tsa plumbing. Moeti oa meralo o boetse o sebetsana le tšebelisano ea desevelopment mme o hlalosa mokhoa oa libaka. Boemo bona ba mosebetsi bo hakanngoa ho latela molumo (ho tloha ho $ 300).
Eaba oaese ea meralo e ntse e lokisa sketch ea kahare mme e e amohela le moreki ($ 300). Hape ea phethola le ho lokisa. Hikisetsa thepa ea kaho, e akaretsa lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang tsa ho sebetsa le tsamaiso ea moea o futhumetseng le ho kenya moea, ke morero oa sebaka sa motlakase. Libetsa ka thepa ea ka hare, e etsa hore masela a sebopeho sa lithaelese haufi le marako a kichineng le likarolo tse fapaneng. Polelo ea mesebetsi ena e fapana ho tloha matsatsing a 10 ho isa ho a 15. Ba abeloa ka thoko (ho tloha ho $ 300). Mothating oa ho qetela, Moetsi oa meralo o fana ka polelo ea ho qeta thepa, lenane la thepa ea kichineng, theknoloji le mabone.
| Mefuta ea Mesebetsi | Diyuniti. Phetoho | Litsenyehelo tsa mosebetsi, $ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khampani e lokisa | Mosebeletsi oa kaho | Mong'a poraefete | ||
| Mesebetsi e Fellang | ||||
| Ho nyahlatsa matšoafong a lits'ila tse sa lefelloeng (polasetiki, GLC) | M2. | Tse hlano | 2. | 0.5. |
| Dikarolo tse nyarosang tsa lerako le kantle tlasa fensetere ea masecony | M2. | 120. | 55. | 10 |
| Fokotsa lebokose la moea o futhumetseng ka tsosoloso ea moea | PC. | mashome a mahlano | 25. | 10 |
| Slibrow ea ho buloa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng karolong e hlophisitsoeng ea konkreite e matlafalitsoeng | PC. | 220. | 110. | 55. |
| Fesetere e nyenyefatsang | PC. | mashome a mabeli | 10 | Tse hlano |
| Ho nyahlatsa ka mokhoa o fensetere | PC. | Tse hlano | 3. | 0.5. |
| Letsalong le nyarosang | PC. | tse 'ne | 2. | 0.4. |
| Ho hlapaola ho hlatsoa | PC. | Tse hlano | 3. | 0.5. |
| Ho tlosa thaole ea khale marakong | M2. | 1,2 | 0.5. | - |
| Ho tlosa ntsu ea khale ho tloha mokatong | M2. | 2.5 | 1,2 | ngoe |
| Ho tlosa screed ea khale | M2. | tse 'ne | 2. | ngoe |
| Ho tlosa polasetiki ea khale | M2. | tse 'ne | 2. | ngoe |
| Ho nyatsa liphaephe tsa phepelo ea metsi | RM. M. | 1,2 | 0.5. | - |
| Mosebetsi oa ho kenya motlakase | ||||
| Ho nyatsa mabone | PC. | 1,2 | 0.5. | - |
| Ho hlakola lintja le switches | PC. | 1,2 | 0.5. | - |
| Cabling | RM. M. | 2.5 | 1.5 | ngoe |
| Starosion ea mabota le cable gasket ka strokers | RM. M. | tse robeli | tse 'ne | 1,4. |
| Wire Wiring (e bulehileng ea gasket) | RM. M. | 0.5. | - | - |
| Kenya phanele ea motlakase | PC. | 40. | mashome a mabeli | 10 |
| Ho kenya basebelisi ba motlakase (socket, switch) | PC. | Tse hlano | 3. | 0.5. |
| Ho kenya mabone a li-siling | PC. | 7. | tse 'ne | 2. |
| Mosebetsi oa Plumbing | ||||
| Literata tsa Plobling bakeng sa liphaephe | RM. M. | tse robeli | tse 'ne | 50-70 Darpening |
| Ho kenya lipeipi tsa metsi | RM. M. | 12 | 6. | |
| Ho kenngoa ha lipeipi tsa Sewage | RM. M. | tse 'ne | 2. | |
| Sesebelisoa sa jumper | PC. | tse leshome le metso e robeli | 7. | |
| Ho kenya li-filthara | PC. | 6. | 3. | |
| Ho kenya Heater ea metsi, e nang le eyeliner | PC. | 100 | mashome a mahlano | 20-25 |
| Ho kenya motsoako | PC. | leshome le metso e mehlano | 7. | tse 'ne |
| Ho kenngoa ha radiator radiator | PC. | 80. | 40. | mashome a mabeli |
| Mesebetsi ea Sechaba | ||||
| Kaho ea likarolo | M2. | Ho tloha 12. | 6. | 3. |
| Sesebelisoa sa lefeela leboteng | RM. M. | 60. | - | - |
| Siling | M2. | 10 | Tse hlano | 2.5 |
| Sesebelisoa sa ho sa keneleng metsi | M2. | tse 'ne | 2. | ngoe |
| Sesebelisoa se sirelletsang | M2. | tse robong | tse 'ne | 3. |
| Kaho ea podium tlasa "sehlekehleke" | M2. | mashome a mararo | leshome le metso e mehlano | 10 |
| Mosebetsi oa Pleching | ||||
| Khatiso le ho matlafatsa | M2. | ngoe | - | - |
| Ho shpocking le ho lokisa | M2. | Tse hlano | 3. | 0.5. |
| Pente ea mabota le siling | M2. | tse 'ne | 2. | - |
| Sesebelisoa sa bashebelli ba malelele ho tsoa ho GLC | M2. | 22. | 10 | Tse hlano |
| Sesebelisoa sa Calite se emisang | M2. | leshome le motso o mong | 6. | 3. |
| Wall Smath GLC | M2. | 6. | 3. | ngoe |
| Sesebelisoa sa Calite se emisitsoeng | M2. | leshome le motso o mong | 6. | 3. |
| Tile Mosebetsi | ||||
| Ho tobana le mabota le fatshe | M2. | 21. | 10 | 8-15 |
| Ho tobana le matsoapo le lits'ebetso | M2. | tse leshome le metso e mene | 7. | Tse hlano |
| Ho hokahana le marako | M2. | 10 | Tse hlano | 3. |
| Ho beha CERAMographic | M2. | tse leshome le metso e mene | 7. | tse robeli |
| Mosebetsi oa Kopano | ||||
| Ho kenya setopo sa monyako | PC. | 40. | mashome a mabeli | 15-10. |
| Ho kenngoa ha mamati a monyako | PC. | 12 | 6. | - |
| Mamati a boreleli | PC. | 10 | Tse hlano | - |
| Ho ja para paramente | M2. | Tse hlano | 3. | - |
| Ho beha laminate | M2. | Tse hlano | 3. | - |
| Sesebelisoa sa preth | RM. M. | 2. | - | - |
| Ho kenngoa ha li-sporge tsa moea | RM. M. | 7. | Tse hlano | - |
Model e tlase
(o ka khetha nako ea li-coush tse 3,5m2)
Kichineng e nyane ka ntlo e tloaelehileng ea Panel e reriloe ho lokisoa ka litšenyehelo tse fokolang. Tabeng, ho aha bocha ka phapusing ha ho amehetsoe. Morero ona ha o hloke litokomane ho tšebelisano ea mosebetsi, ho hlokahala feela ho hlakisa litefiso le phallo ea kaho. Setsebi sa sehlooho sa sehlooho sa thepa e ncha ea kichineng le lisebelisoa (sephiri le lisebelisoa). Ntle le moo, e loketse ho ntlafatsa mabota, bong le siling, khutlisa phepelo ea metsi le liphaephe tsa lirero.
| Lebitso | Palo ea | Mohlala, Moetsi | Theko (sekhahla), $ | Palo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linoleum | 6,5M2 | Novilon Focla, forbo-Naurn (Schotland) | 7. | 45.5. |
| Pente ea lebota | 6.4l | Antiko, Bau Max (Jeremane) | 4,4. | 28,16 |
| Motsoako | 1 PC. | Romella SL, E.C.a. (Jeremane - Turkey) | 43. | 43. |
| Lebone | 1 PC. | 6 Coloresvetrotro, Eglo (Austria) | 44.5. | 44.5. |
| Thepa ea ka tlung | 2 enjine ea enjine (60 le 40cm), li-rolls tsa 4 (30, 40, 50 le 60cm), 1 roll ka li-drawers (40cm) | "Setsi" le mamati "EGGG", IKa (Sweden) | 490. | 490. |
| Sehatsetsi | 1 PC. | "Stonil rf-305", " | 367. | 367. |
| Setofo sa khase | 1 PC. | Gefst 1100-06 (Belarus) | 214. | 214. |
| Sink e nang le sistimi e tenang | 1 PC. | "Emsen" (O 45cm), Ikea (Sweden) | 44.8. | 44.8. |
| Tafoleng ea lijo tsa mantsiboea | 1 PC. | Lokki, Ikea (Sweden) | 100 | 100 |
| Setuloana | Tsena. | Forbi, Ikea (Sweden) | 8.3 | 33.2. |
| Ho nyahamisa, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi oa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi, ho kenya le khokahano ea lisebelisoa | - | - | - | 400. |
| Kakaretso: | 1810,16 |
Mohlala oa litšenyehelo tse tloaelehileng
(Likhetho tsa ho kholisoa le ho holisa sebakeng sa kichineng sa 10m2)
Ha e le molao, keketseho ea sebaka sa kichine ea kichine e etsoa ka ho kenyelletsa karolo ea kou, joalo ka ha ho be le liqeto tse nyarosa le ho beoa ha lipula tse ncha bakeng sa likhoekiso tse ncha tsa likhoere tse ncha le lipeipi tsa metsi li lokela ho kenyelletsoa. Litsenyehelo tsa mantlha li rekisoa thepa ea kichineng le theknoloji. Lihlooho li ea Russia ho tsoa ho likarolo tsa tlhahiso ea Italian. Ho fapanyetsana ho fanoa ke tse ling tsa mekhoa e metle ka ho fetisisa ea bosholu ba theknoloji e loketseng. Ka mohlala, sebakeng sa limobox ea maemo (likhabinete tsa kichineng) tse bitsoang li-tandexoxx tse nang le pula e le 'ngoe, e lumella mekhoa e metle ho lokisa sebaka se ka hare sa lebokose.
| Lebitso | Palo ea | Mohlala, Moetsi | Theko (sekhahla), $ | Palo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thile ka ntle ea Ceramic Tile | 10m2 | Jazz, Vra (Turkey) | 15.75 | 157.5 |
| Pente ea lerako | 7.55L | "Luaya" (SHAD S309), Tikkurila (Finland) | 9,13 | 69. |
| Motsoako | 1 PC. | Allera Allegan, Hansgrohe (Jeremane) | 112.8. | 112.8. |
| Ho hlatsoa | 1 PC. | Mmila r 15, Reginox (Holland) | 245. | 245. |
| Lebone (kh'amera) | 1 PC. | Manybe (Austria) | 153. | 153. |
| Thepa ea ka tlung | 3.1 Pog. M. | Futura, Edele (Russia) | 350. | 1240. |
| E hahiloe | 1 PC. | TF-5260 Inox, Cata (Italy) | 140. | 140. |
| Sehatsetsi | 1 PC. | Elecronex (Sweden) | 830. | 830. |
| Papali ea ho pheha | 1 PC. | Pkn 645-E, Bosch (Jeremane) | 258. | 258. |
| Ontong | 1 PC. | Hbn3060, Bosch (Jeremane) | 500. | 500. |
| Tafoleng ea lijo tsa mantsiboea | 1 PC. | - | - | - |
| Ho nyahamisa, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi oa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi, ho kenya le khokahano ea lisebelisoa | - | - | - | 700. |
| Kakaretso: | 6868. |
Mohlala oa litšenyehelo tse phahameng
(E sebetsa ka khetho ea nako le sebaka sa polokelo sa 25m2)
Tabeng ena, pokello ea tokiso ke motse-moholo. Kahoo, mesebetsi e meng e meng ea kaho e tla eketsoa mosebetsing o moholo oa kaho, o khelosa mokatong oa likhoele, mochini oa motlakase o tlosoa, ho tlosoa ha mosebetsi oa khale. Joalo ka thepa ea ka kichineng le lisebelisoa, ho rata li fuoa lihlahisoa tse ngata. Haeba maemong a tloaelehileng a theko, moreki a ka khetha lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa sebaka, libaka tse tsamaeang ka thata.) Ebe ka kichineng ea moralo o mong le o mong o se a ntse a nahanne. Li-racetories tse tummeng hangata li tlatsa mehlala ea tsona ka lisebelisoa tsohle tse hlokahalang tsa lisebelisoa - ho hlakoloa, litanka bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa bongata, li-hook, jj.
| Lebitso | Palo ea | Mohlala, Moetsi | Theko (sekhahla), $ | Palo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laminate | 20m2 | Alloc shoes, Alloc (Norway) | 27. | 540. |
| Motsoako | 1 PC. | Oxigyene, Gessi (Italy) | 550. | 550. |
| Lebone | 1 PC. | - | 400. | 400. |
| Thepa ea ka tlung | Li-5 tsa pose M. | Toropo, Scanganoni (Italy) | 1500. | 7500. |
| Ho hlatsoa ka likotlolo tse peli | 1 PC. | Csx 654, Franke (Jeremane) | 515. | 515. |
| Sehatsetsi | 1 PC. | KF 8997 Peo, Mier (Jeremane) | 3200. | 3200. |
| Papali ea ho pheha | 1 PC. | Sisteme Sistery "Domino", AEG (Jeremane) | 1000. | 1000. |
| Ontong | 1 PC. | B 8920 m, AEG (Jeremane) | 1580. | 1580. |
| Hood | 1 PC. | Turboair (Italy) | 630. | 630. |
| Mochini o hlatsoang lijana | 1 PC. | G 396-3 sche Plu Plus, Miele (Jeremane) | 2350. | 2350. |
| Sehlopha sa ho jella | Beha (tafole le litulo tse 4) | Calligaris (Italy) | 1450. | 1450. |
| Khokahano ea POORUPY | - | - | - | 1500. |
| Morero oa moralo | - | - | - | 1000. |
| Ho nyahamisa, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi oa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi, ho kenya le khokahano ea lisebelisoa | - | - | - | 2000. |
| Kakaretso: | 25215 |