Ulungiselelo lweChernobol: UPHANDO LWEZIDLELO NOKUFUNDA NOKUFUNDA

Sithetha malunga neempawu zoyilo zenqanaba lomgangatho: iipropathi zokugqobhoza, ukubeka itekhnoloji, izixhobo zokwenza iisandi.

Umgangatho kufuneka ube mhle, unxibe-unganyangeki, ofudumeleyo, oqinileyo, omelele, ungabizi. Ungayifumana njani le nto xa uhlengahlengiswa? Ngexabiso elipheleleyo lomsebenzi wophuhliso ngokutsha, umda wesixhobo se-scred esimnyama somgangatho yi-8-17%. Ke ngoko, rhoqo umthengi uyayityeshela. Kwaye ngeli lize: I-Parquet Parquet, i-Squebed Spots kwiLimoleum - yonke le nto ihlala iphungulwe yinto eyenziweyo yomgangatho omnyama.

Nguwuphi uMgangatho wedrafti kunye nendlela yokwenza

Kuvela phi umgangatho

Ukuthembeka kweenkxaso ezahlukeneyo

Imigangatho emnyama kunye eyomileyo

Ukuhamba kwengxolo yengxolo eyahlukileyo

Iimpawu zomgangatho owahlukileyo

Kuvela phi umgangatho

Uluhlu lweemfuno zomnini wegumbi kulula: ungatyibili, kulula ukucoca, i-ECO-GOFF. Yenza konke oku akukho lula. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zoku:

1. Uyilo lobeko. Yintoni enxulumene nomqondo "womgangatho" ngokwenene ohamba kakuhle. Inokwanelisa kuphela iindawo ezifunekayo ngokubanzi. Kodwa uninzi lwazo luqinisekisiwe ziipropathi zento engezantsi kokubhabha.
2. Ukuqiniswa kokuqinisa ubushushu kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo, ubuninzi bezinto ezintsha, ezingangqinisiswanga zexesha elide, izixhobo.
3. Ukudideka kwisigama. Kukho imigangatho esakhiweni kwaye kukho imigangatho. Phakathi kwemigangatho, zikhona kunye. Ingxaki kukwahlulahlula izinto ukuba zithini.

I-snip 2.03.138 ayisombululeli ingxaki, akukho kutolikwa kwegama elithi "phantsi", kodwa iikhonsepthi ezintlanu zokugqibela zezakhiwo ezikhoyo azichazwanga ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko yokusingqongileyo yoMakhi, ezinye iikhonsepthi zisetyenziswa: Isiseko, "umnyama", isiseko, i-cauldron, ulungiselelo lwekhonkrithi, ukuqengqeleka, ubushushu kunye nokuvutha kwamanye amalaphu.

Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka uchaze ubungakanani bomsebenzi kwi-Brigade. Nokuba baya kuncitshiswa kuphela ngumaleko ococekileyo okanye babeka zonke iingqengqelo kwaye babeka izinto zentengiso.

I-Retiports ekwakhiweni koMgangatho wokuyila ekhaya ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-95% yezinto zonke zomsebenzi. Umzekelo, kulula ukwenza isiseko sekhonkrithi se-ceramic clading, kodwa kunzima kakhulu - imigangatho emincinci kwimimandla yentsimbi kunye neelegs.

Ukwenza lula ukuqonda kwentloko, khumbula ukuba umgangatho luyilo olunamanqanaba "acocekileyo" kunye "emnyama". Ilele kwisiseko sokuphawula esithatha umthwalo. Phakathi komgangatho, iziseko ezinjalo zinezinto ezinjalo.

Isakhiwo se "nqanaba elimnyama" lixhomekeke kwiimfuno ngokubanzi, uhlobo loyilo "olusulungekileyo", uyilo olusisiseko.

Ngaphambi kokuba uvume kunye nabakhi, thatha isigqibo:

• Zithini iimfuno zemimandla emisebenzi yendlu;
• Ukuya kude negumbi lisuswe kwiShaft ye-SEVET;
• Ngaba unaye abamelwane abanomsindo;
• Zizinto ezinzima: I-aquarium enkulu, ityhubhu eshushu, ipiyano, indawo yomlilo.

Emva koko yenza iprojekthi yokuhlengahlengisa igumbi. Ezona zinzima izicwangciso zakho, kokukhona ngononophelo kufuneka usebenze ngaphandle.

Ukuthembeka kweenkxaso ezahlukeneyo

I-Overlap eyahlulwe yaba yi-beam, i-slab kunye ne-monolithic. Uyilo luxhomekeke kubume babo.

I-beam

Kwibhunga eligqithileyo, ukuphatha izinto yiziimba ezine, zenziwe ngamaplanga, isinyithi, oqinileyo kwikhonkrithi.

Imingxunya yokhuni

Imingxunya yamaplanga ifumaneka kwizakhiwo ezinde ezisezantsi ezisezantsi. Izithuba phakathi kwemiqadi zivaliwe ngokutshona komthi. I-"int "emnyama" yenziwa kwi-lags, ezithe zabekwa emingxunyeni. Ukusuka emazantsi emiqadi, isilingisi esingaphantsi kwendlu ifumaneka. Ngelishwa, ukulungiswa kwemiqadi yomthi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuqhutywa kwabamelwane abancinci akunakwenzeka.

Intsimbi kwaye yaqinisa i-Primtete beams

I-Metallic kwaye yaqinisa imiqadi yekhonkrithi ye-brand okanye icandelo langaphandle lasetyenziswa kumakhaya e-Soviet ukuya kumashumi amabini eenkulungwane. Iishelufa ezisezantsi zeBeam zinokubekwa ngendlela yodaka oluqinileyo okanye iindebe zekhonkrithi, okanye iipleyiti zekhonkrithi. "Mnyama" kule meko kungenziwa kwi-shapper okanye kwi-stred. Kwaye ukusukela xa kulungiswa, akusoloko kuthatha iipleyiti ezakhethiweyo, zithatyathelwa i-monolithic ye-monolikic eqinisekisiweyo kwigumbi lonke, kuphoswa kwindawo yonke eminxwemeni. Njengohlobo kunye nokuqiniswa, ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa iphepha lentsimbi ephezulu.

Kwizindlu zokwakhiwa kwamashumi asibhozo adumileyo, owaziwa kakuhle II-29, iphe. 44, iphe-56, iphe-56, iphere. Banokuba nobubanzi obuyi-1.2 ukuya kwi-3.6 m, ubude obungalunganga ukusuka kwi-2.4 ukuya kwi-6.6 mm. Banokwenza "umnyama" omnyama "kwi-lags okanye kwi-stred. Kuncinci rhoqo kudibana neepleyiti ezahlukeneyo ezinobunzima obuyi-220 mm. Bakwiingcekitywe zakudala, umzekelo, II-68, nakwiNew: ne-155. Nikeza i-inshungf engcono yesandi kuneepleyiti eziqinileyo.

Ukugquma kwimiqadi yeplanga: 1 - "ecocekileyo"; 2 - Lag; 3-Ukusilela; I-4 -ingproofisi yamanzi; 5 IBeAm; I-6 -ingqengqeleka; 7 - I-Duncir; I-8 -inkcitho; 9 - Amaplanga e-cranial; I-10-Iphaneli yeShield

Ukugquma kwe-beams yentsimbi ngepleyiti kaloliwe ngaphambili kwemiqadi: 1 - "ecocekileyo"; 2 - Ibhodi yebhodi; 3 - beam; I-4 - IPHEPHA LOKUQALA LOMGAQO-NKQUBO; I-5 -ingproofisi yamanzi; Igridi yesi-6- I-7-Plaster

Ukugquma kwi-beams yentsimbi ngeipleyiti zikaloliwe ezikhethiweyo kwiibhulukhwe:  1 - "Ucoce"; 2 - Ibhodi yebhodi; I-3 - IPHEPHA LOKUQALA LOMGAQO-NKQUBO; 4 I-Beam; I-5 -ingproofisi yamanzi; I-6 - isitena; Igridi yesi-7 - I-8-Plaster

Ukugquma ukusuka kwiipleyiti zikaloliwe nge-voids ejikelezileyo: 1 - zomgangatho wethayile; I-2 -Glue; 3 -Ukulalela ngesisombululo; I-4-Stred; I-5-b / b ogada ipleyiti

Imigangatho emnyama kunye eyomileyo

"Imingxunya" emnyama "ngokweepesenti zemveliso yahlulwe yahlulwa yangamanzi kwaye yomile. Xa ibeka eyokuqala, izixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukutshiswa yinxalenye yolwelo: amanzi okanye ukumiswa kwePolymer. Bafuna ixesha elonwabisayo, lukhuni.

Kwimigangatho emanzi ibandakanya:

• ichithwe ngamanzi, efana nekhonkrithi, isamente-isamente, isanti, i-slag- kunye ne-gypsum ikhonkrithi, ikhonkrithi;
• I-bulk, usebenzisa i-polymer resins njengenxalenye ye-Binder (Polyurethane, Epoxy, Pontuster).

Umsebenzi ophambili wesikere kukulungiswa kweziphene: Ukusilela, amanyathelo, ukugqwetha, amathontsi amathanga. Sebenzisa i-scred, unokwenza ithambeka elithile lomphezulu okanye inyathelo kumda wamacandelo anemigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Ivaliwe ngemibhobho kunye neengcingo ezidlula phantsi kokuthuka.

Ukuncokola ngokuqinileyo, ukungavisisani komlilo, kodwa unokuzibeka kuphela kwisiseko seSlab. Eyona nto iphambili kunye nabo ungayifaka zonke iintlobo zengubo.

Umgangatho owomileyo ubandakanya:

• ukonakaliswa kwindawo yokuhlala;
• Iqela eline-tie eyomileyo;
• Eguqukayo.

Ukuhamba kwengxolo yengxolo eyahlukileyo

Ingxolo ayidluliselwa nje kubamelwane abavela ngezantsi, kodwa kuwo onke amagumbi endlu. Kwaye ukuba ingxolo eflethini engezantsi iya kuba nemvume ngakumbi, ummelwane unokubangela ukuba uthathele ingqalelo lonke ulungiso kwinkundla.

Ingxolo yahlulwe yangamacala amabini: umoya (intetho, umculo, i-murmur yamanzi) kunye nemigqomo (amanyathelo, i-cumps, inkqonkqozeni kwizixhobo zasekhaya). Yilwa nabo ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ingxolo yomoya

Ukulibaziseka kwengxolo yomoya. Ubunzima bubalulekile apha. Amaza esandi akanakho ukumba izinto ezinkulu. Ukuba ubunzima obungaphezulu kwe-350 kg / m2 (isalathi sezilobi eziqinileyo kunye nobubanzi be-160 mm), ingxolo yomoya idluliselwe ngempumelelo. Ngaphandle koko, ekwinqanaba le "Mnyama", kubalulekile ukubandakanya ungqimba lwesandi sendalo kwisixhobo se-elastic.

Ingxolo yothusa

Ngengxolo yempembelelo, kunzima ngakumbi ukujongana nayo. Ubunzima obukhulu bama apha, kodwa bube neluncedo, kodwa basebenza ngakumbi abatshatileyo abavela kwizixhobo zesakhiwo sefibul esineendlela ezincinci zomoya kunye nemozulu encinci. Apha, amandla e-save yesandi echithwa ekuguqukeni komoya kunye neendonga zezigidi zee-microcalnels.

Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokwakhiwa kwamashumi asibhozo, imigangatho emitsha yokunikezelwa kwesandi aziboneleli. Ke ngoko, kunye nokufudunyelwa, iinkqubo ezindala aziphindi, kodwa zidala ezintsha. Izixhobo zibalulekile, indawo yazo, uyilo olutsha lokuyila. Umzekelo, kufanelekile ukubeka iqela le-iqabane elivakalayo, kodwa phantsi kwalo.

Ngoncedo lwee-studs zensimbi, izilayidi zinokuphakanyiswa kwisiseko se-150-200 mm, ibeka i-odolo ye-checker ukuba kukho imfuneko

Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze indawo engenanto yokubeka naluphi na unxibelelwano-ukusuka kwii-electrocabels kwimibhobho kunye nee-ducts zomoya kwinkqubo yokufihlakeleyo

Ukongeza, uyilo lunceda ekuphuculeni iimpawu zokufakwa kwe-thermal yokugqobhoza, kunye nokubonelela ngokufakwa komoya kunye (ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba le-) lengxolo) yengxolo yokothuswa-kunye ne-Mycle Word phakathi kweeLags

Izandi ezincinci zesandi:

• "Ukuntywila";
• Iziseko ezinqunyanyisiweyo ngengxolo yengxolo;
• Kwiipleyiti ezimbini ezahlukileyo.

"Amanqanaba" adadayo yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokulwa nengxolo. Uluvo loyilo kukuba iqokobhe eliqinileyo libekwe kwibhedi ye-elastiki kwaye ayikhathaleli ukuba asisiseko okanye iindonga. Ingxolo iqhubekile ngakumbi.

Ungazikhethela njani izinto ze-insulator:

• Phantsi kweeLags, ii-mat zeglasi yeglasi ezilala kwimiqadi isebenza kakuhle, kwaye iindonga zikhula ziye kwinqanaba lesiqwengana. Ngaphandle kwamashiti ee-chipboard okanye iibhodi zolwimi zizinto, zicinezela thixo iglasi eludongeni;
• Phantsi kwekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, i-Deses esuka kwi-Basbalt Wool okanye i-Polythylene Slobs, kwaye ezindongeni - imitya yeglasi yeglasi enobunzima obungama-20 ukuya kwi-30 mm. Ngaphezulu kwe-Mats igutyungelwe yi-Polythyethylene ifilimu, isongele ezindongeni, emva koko ityeke isisombululo sokuqaqamba;
• Kwimeko ye-ceramics, isiseko se-basalt-fir-fibe-fiber sevas 20 - 30 mm kunye nesamente-sisanti enobungqingqwa be-50 mm.

Izikhombisi ze-inshurensi yesandi malunga nokudityaniswa okwikhorinte kwi-Conrete eguqukayo nge-140 mm:

Izinto (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi)	Uyilo lwenketho
Nye	2.	3.	ezine	Ntlanu	6.
IBhodi yeParquet (18mm) kwi-HM *			+.	+.
IBhodi yeParquet (28mm) kwi-HM.					+.
I-Parqueet yeParqueet (17mm) kwi-HM.	+.	+.
I-Linoleum pvc ngelaphu lesiseko (3mm) kwi-HM.						+.
Iplagi ye-Fibepbobord iqinile (4mm) kwi-HM	+.	+.				+.
Iplate fiberboard eqinileyo (4mm) kwi-G. **		+.
Iplate fiberboard ye-M1 (212mm) kwi-HM	+.	+.	+.	+.
Ibhodi yeBhodi ye-25mm						+.
I-laga i-8040mm, inyathelo 400mm					+.	+.
I-gasket kwi-DVP-M1 (12mm)					+.	+.
I-ruberoid, i-1 ye-face kwi-g.m. (3mm)		+.		+.
Ubungqingqwa bobukhulu becala, mm	49.	52.	42.	45.	77.	70.
Ubunzima bomphezulu woyilo, kg / m2	39.	47.	Amashumi amathathu	38.	34.	32.
Ingqokelela yengxolo yengxolo ye-Air Playses RW, DB	52.	52.	53.	53.	53.	I-51.
Isalathiso sengxolo yengxolo ebonisiweyo phantsi kwesiseko se-LNW, i-DB	65.	65.	65.	65.	65.	66.
Amanqaku: * H.M. - Kubanda i-mastic; ** g.m.- i-stastic ye-mastic

Iimpawu zomgangatho owahlukileyo

Kwi-lags

Pros:

• Isixhobo soMgangatho wedrafti kwi-lags sisetyenziswa ukuba kufuneka ugcine i-parquet okanye ibhodi kumagumbi. Isiseko semivalo kwaye iPlywood iphendula kutshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma ngendlela efanayo nengqumbo yomthi, enciphisa ingozi yokudumba, ukwahlukana kweeplanga kunye neeplanga;
• Uyilo luvumela, ngaphandle konyuko olubalulekileyo kumthwalo kwisiseko kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncinci kwezinto, inqanaba lexabiso lenqanaba elingaphezulu kwe-10 cm;
• Isiseko esinjalo sinokulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba sikrelekrele esimanzi, kwaye kuvunyelwe ukuba sibe ne-caider.

Imizuzu:

• Ubuncinci bobukhulu obuyi-50 mm, nakwigumbi kunye noCeling 250-65 mm, ukuphulukana nokuphakama kwendawo akuyi kuzilungisa;
• Uyilo luloyiko lwamanzi, kwaye kwimeko yomkhukula, kunokwenzeka ukuba uchithekisiwe, womiswe kwaye utshintshele iinkcukacha;
• Isiseko se-lag sithathwa njengethembana kunokuba sinokuthenjwa kunokuba, umzekelo, ikhonkrithi, nangona kulula ukuyilungisa.

Khetha i-cugs yomisa i-cugs: ngokuthe ngqo, ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo kunye nokuphambuka kwendlela. Iziphene kwimivalo enjalo zihlala zincinci, kwaye ukuqhutywa kunye neempuku ngamanye amaxesha zidibana. Ukuba abafaki abayi kunika ingqalelo kubo kwaye bala iimveliso, amathuba okukhulu kangangokuba ngokuhamba kwexesha aqale ukuya kwi-creak. Ngamanye amaxesha umbandela uguqukele ukuze abe nokusilela kwaye uqalise ithintelwe kancinci ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhuphele ukubakho kwendlela yokuyilwa kwaye kamva - umzekelo, emva kokutshintsha kwimfuyo.

Ukuthembeka kuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji yokufaka. Ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuncamathisela i-lag ukuya kwiipleyiti zisebenzisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo.

I-Lineng kunye neeDowels zilungile ukuba ii-lags zifuna ukuphakanyiswa kwiplate ye-40 mm. Kwangelo xesha, eyona nto isebenzayo ye-lectolite ipleyiti yobukhulu obukhulu okanye imitshato yeplastiki ephindwe kabini: bayahlala kwaye benokwenza izilayidi zabo ngokulula. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-plywood yamanzi kufanelekile, kodwa kungalula ukuba usebenze nabo.

Kodwa i-chipps yeplanga, ukusika i-fiberboard okanye eyomileyo ye-lining ayiyi kuba yi-Lin-Bangayiya kwaye icime, ihlangezwe phantsi komthwalo.

Imigaqo yesixhobo esihlekisayo kwi-lags:

1. Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi, izikhewu phakathi kweepleyiti kufuneka zivale ngononophelo i-fubro-cety itotty. Xa i-Dries, umphezulu osisiseko unqweneleka kakhulu ukuba utyikitywe nge-polymer primer ukunciphisa amathuba okungena kwegumbi eliphantsi.
2. Iilegs kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa kufuneka zilungiswe ngokukhuselekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani kunye nenani leemingxunya zokunyuka zinqweneleka ukunciphisa.
3. Ukhuphiswano lwe-Laglection phantsi komthwalo i-150 kgf kwindawo phakathi kwenkxaso akufuneki idlule kwi-2 mm. Oko kukuthi, ngokunyuka kwenyathelo lenkxaso (ekuziqheliseni kuhlala kuyinto esuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-120 cm), kuyimfuneko ukuba banyuse kunye necandelo le-lag.
4. Ukunyuka kunye neendawo zolungelelwaniso akufuneki zibekho kangako kunezilambo ngokwazo.
5. Ubusuku obunye kumalungu e-Plywood kufuneka idityaniswe ne-grinders.

I-Corok Ribbons iqhotyoshelwe kwi-lagas

Yenza umsebenzi wamaqela abahamba nge-elastic kunye nokudluliselwa kwee-wicron kwi-Plywood Base ukuya kwi-Beall

Izinto ezifanelekileyo zesiseko esomeleleyo se-lagsprood plywood

Uninzi lwezoqoqosho - i-OSP

Ii-lags kufuneka zome kwaye i-antiseptept. Umswakazi awudlulanga kwi-12%, kungenjalo bajija. Abaziswanga ezindongeni nge-20-30 mm, ukucaciswa kuzaliswa koboya obumbindi. Kwi-Slab ingcambu kufuneka ibe isekwe kumphezulu ongezantsi. Ke ngoko, zibekwa ngumtya othambileyo we-chipboard, osebenza njengesandi sendalo.

Lonke ubushushu kunye ne-iurlue evakalayo yokubuyela umva kufuneka ibalwe ukutshisa i-organing. Phakathi kokugcwaliswa kunye nokhuni, kufuneka kubekho indawo yasimahla enobude obuyi-20 mm ukwehla umthi. Esi sithuba akufuneki sidityaniswe kwii-cavies zomoya ezindongeni. Kwiikona zamagumbi kuluncedo ukwenza izikhubekiso, zibavale kwigridi.

UPawulos nge-lags kwi-scred:  1 - "Ucoce" IBhodi yeNgabafileyo; I-2-i-vaporizo; 3 -Lag; I-4-ubushushu kunye nokufakelwa kwesandi; I-5 -ingproofisi yamanzi; I-6-Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi

Imigangatho kwi-creds

Akwamkelekanga ukulungelelanisa isiseko se-Slab okanye isikhuselo esidala, siphalaze udaka lokuthambisa. Izinto ezimbini zine-shrinkige eyahlukileyo, ke i-gravloy iyaphambana kwaye ikhwele. I-Rovic ilandela ngodaka lwePolly. Kodwa isikhwama esitsha sihambelana nodaka lwesamente, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ungazenzi ungadlulanga kwiiyure ezi-6 emva kokudala i-scred. Ukuba icwangcisiwe ukufumana indawo egudileyo egudileyo egudileyo egudileyo, isetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwesiqu, yaye imfuneko yokusebenzisa ikhonkrithi eqinileyo yeklasi ye-15 nangaphezulu, okanye isisombululo sesamente M 250.

Imigangatho enobushushu kunye nokufaka amanzi

Ngokufakwa kwe-hormal, ihlala ingenzeki iingxaki, kuba kwizindlu ezingcolileyo ezishushu, kwaye izinto ezisetyenziswa kakuhle zisetyenziswa kakuhle. Ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyafuneka kuphela kwiindawo ezimanzi: ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kwigumbi lokuhlamba iimpahla. Ke ngoko, yandisa igumbi lokuhlambela okanye ikhitshi, ungalibali ukucwangcisa amanzi aqinileyo. Iimpazamo zixhaphake kakhulu xa zisebenzisa izixhobo zokutsala. Banexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa i-bitumen ityekele intshabalalo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ke ngoko, kwiindawo ezinomswakama okuphezulu, i-inlet ye-inlet ye-Inlet kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezimbini. Umaleko wamanzi kufuneka ube kwiindonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300 mm. Ngaphambi kokuba ulele kwi-canvas yekhonkrithi okanye isanti yesanti yesanti, kufuneka uphose i-mastic ye-mastic kwaye ucinezele isanti ye-Coarde ukuqinisekisa ukunxibelelana okuthembekileyo kokukhuphela okanye ukusebenzisa amanzi okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhululekileyo kwisiseko se-Latex.

Ukwakha iindonga ezintsha kunye nomgangatho endaweni yokutshatyalaliswa kokutshata okanye kumakhaya, ukunikezelwa ngaphandle kokugqitywa, ungalibali malunga nokufakwa kwesandi kunye nee-inlets. Ukudibana kufuneka kwenziwe "ukuntywila". Isahlulo esitsha kufuneka sisekwe kuphela kwi-Overlap, ecaleni kwezinye izinto ezifakiweyo kunye nophahla, nge-elastic.

Ukucwangciswa komgangatho wesiseko kungenxa yenqanaba lamakhulu eeparamitha kunye neteknoloji. Yonke into ecingisiselweyo kwangaphambili kwaye irekhodwe ephepheni iya kukusindisa imali, ixesha kunye namandla ophoso.