Iindonga zesakhelo zikhuselwe ngokugqibeleleyo kubanda kwaye kwangaxeshanye zinobunzima obuncinci. Ukongeza, abathengi batsala iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, ixabiso elamkelekileyo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokwakha. Yiyo itekhnoloji yokukhetha?
Indlu yesakhelo inokwakhiwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Itekhnoloji yeklasi (Kuyiko ukubiza iFinnish) kukuhlanganisa ithambo lesakhiwo ukusuka kwiibhodi (amaplanga), ukutshintshwa kweendonga kunye nokufakwa kweendonga. Olunye ukhetho lubandakanya ukuthengwa kweseti yeenkcukacha zokulungela komzi-mveliso-iiphaneli zesakhelo ezivulekileyo okanye iiphaneli ezifudumeleyo. Okokugqibela, unokuthenga indlu kwiimodyuli zevolumu.
Yenza iyelenqe
Masithethe malunga neepesenti, iimpembelelo zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zoSanderi (zishiya izakhiwo ezinomgangatho obekwe kwisakhelo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sidibanise inqaku eliqinisekileyo - izakhiwo zodonga.
Ukuchukumisa iBhodi
Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye kwangaxeshanye (kulo naliphi na ilizwe) isiseko sendlu ye-skeleton - isikrelemnqa. Kwiindawo ezomileyo, ungagalela iteyiphu edadayo. Kwisixhobo sokuphefumla esiphethokhokho ngokupheleleyo "isitovu seSweden"
Ukwakhiwa kweendonga zesakhelo
Kwisakhiwo sezakhelo, imithwalo ephambili yamandla ejongene ngokuqinileyo nomhlobo we-rack kunye ne-rigles kwizinto ezizomeleleyo- uninzi lomthi. Njengommiselo, inceda isigqubuthelo esiqinileyo se-ORT (kwi-chip engaphandle, i-chipboard yesamente, iPlywood, njl.njl.), Ukonyusa ubuchule bendawo yendlu kunye nokukwazi iindonga. Kwaye ukufakwa kwe-thermal kuhambelana nezinto ezaliswe ngumoya okanye zegesi, ezibekwa kwizakhelo zesakhelo-amathuba phakathi kweeracks kunye nee-rigels.
Isigqubuthelo segumbi lebhlokhi okanye ibhodi yefayile ayiboneleli ngokhuseleko olusebenzayo lomoya, ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwesixhobo sokugqitywa, impahla eqengqelekayo okanye iplate / ipaneli enonxibelelwano lwepuzzle kufuneka ibekwe
Ukuba izimbiwa ze-fibrol zisetyenziswa, kunye nokufakelwa kwenkuni, emva koko ukhuseleko lwabo kumswakama akukho phepha-phepha-i-shocipical ye-themmossic kunye neefilimu ezikhethekileyo kunye neefilimu ezikhethekileyo ze-themospic.
Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwiindonga zesakhelo zihlala zijongwa ngamashiti owomileyo, emva koko ipeyinti, ikhava ngodaka lokuhombisa okanye ligutyungelwe iphepha lodonga. Ngaphandle, ngaphezulu kwephepha lokubetha, banokohlula-hlulwa ngamaplanga, iplastiki okanye iipaneli ze-rid, i-fack ene-faceper, ilayini enesithambiso, i-sarney, i-saler ceck ).
Izindlu ezivela kwi-SIP-panenes zihlala zinikezela kumthengi ngaphandle komhlobiso. Kwangelo xesha, lixesha elide ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi ohle, kuba nkqu ne-oSP ephezulu ye-OSP ayilungiselelwe ukumelana nefuthe le-Atmospic
Iindonga zesakhelo ezenzelwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuba azinikeli i-shrinkge kwaye azivalwanga. Indlu ilala ngokukhawuleza kwaye igcina ubushushu (ngakumbi ukuba ufaka iifestile ezigcina i-gindows). Kule meko, udonga lwesakhelo olwenziweyo alunambuyekezo oluncinci kwinguqu nge-zero kunelitye okanye ngelog.
Ngoku malunga nokungancedi. Iindonga ezinjalo ziphantse zangenayo i-intertia ye-thertia: Amagumbi aphuma ngokukhawuleza kwiifestile ezivulekileyo okanye iingcango, kwaye indawo yokucima umlilo ikwazi ukuguqula igumbi lokuphila. Kodwa eyona susi ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba udonga lwe-skeleton alukwazi ukuthatha umswakama owongezelelweyo kwigumbi. Ke ngoko, kwindlu enjalo kunzima ukuyenza ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokungena kwe-moya, ixabiso leliyi-R50 lamawaka e-ruble. (Kwangelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngendawo yokubekwa kweVentkanalov).
Ngamanye amaxesha ifakwe uqinile (ukuphakama kwimigangatho emibini) i-racks engu-Angular eyonyusa amandla esakhelo
I-Beam ebanzi iyagqobhoza imivalo ayivunyelwanga- kufuneka usebenzise iibakaki
Kwikona, isakhelo somelezwa yimizimba
Yakha ngokwemigaqo
Isakhiwo sendlu eRussia silawulwa liqela elidibeneyo (IKhowudi yeMithetho) 31-105002. Lo ngumgangatho ocacileyo kwaye ofanelekileyo onenkcazo yamacandelo kunye nezinto zecandelo lesakhiwo, iinkqubo zobunjineli kunye nenkqubo echazayo yokuveliswa komsebenzi ngaphambi kokugqitywa. Iqela laphesheya kuphela elinxulumene nokukhethwa kwezixhobo: Uninzi lweemveliso ezintsha zivele kwintengiso. Olu xwebhu lusekwe kwinkqubo yaseYurophu kwaye aluchaphazeli umda wokwakha weephaneli kunye neemodyuli.
Isakhelo sesakhelo siqokelelwe njengoko iiphaneli ze-SIP zifakwe kwindawo ethe nkqo, zitywine amalungu e-polyurethane foam
Ngamanye amaxesha indawo yokwakha igutyungelwe ngefilimu yefilimu
Ukukhetha koyilo lweendonga zesakhelo: Ngolusu lweepleyiti zenkuni ezithambileyo, ezizalisa i-vermiculite kunye ne-veracial kunye ne-teral sub
Ngekhava ye-OSS, ezalisa ngoboya bezimbiwa kunye nokuphumelela. Kuyo nayiphi na isandwich efanayo, ukuvalelwa evanswani kuyafuneka phakathi kwe-Windband yomoya kunye noku kulandelayo (ebekufuphi ne-Street)
Iindonga ezinezakhiwo ezinamandla amabini izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo
Kunye ne-fibedboard ethambileyo kunye ne-hydrophobic priesto
Uyilo lweWall: Ngaphandle kwekhava lephepha elingaphezulu, kunye neSheel yeSheel (B)
Ibhodi e-1 ephiniweyo enomgangatho wobubanzi obuyi-25 mm; I-membrane efihlakeleyo yomoya; 3 - Umyisi; 4 -ukuwa koboya bezimbiwa okanye enye into yokufakelwa; Ifilimu ezi-5-vapor ifilimu; I-6-Iphepha le-Plasterboard 12.5 mm (iileyile ezimbini); I-7-vinyl siding okanye esinye secala elicekeceke; 8 - I-OSP-3 ipleyiti enobungqingqwa be-12 mm; Iplate ye-OSS SCACS EMACS ENGS E.5 okanye Plywood enobungqingqwa be-10 mm; I-10-GKL okanye i-GBL yobunzima obu-12,5 mm (inye indoda)
Itekhnoloji yokwakha: I-Finnish Skewers kunye nezindlu zepaneli ze-SIP
Ubushushu obufudumeleyo bodonga kunye neempawu ze-microclive kwi-skewer phantse azixhomekekanga kwitekhnoloji yokwakha. Ichaphazela ntoni? Okokuqala, isantya senkqubo kunye neendleko ze-1 m2 yendawo yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu. Ukongeza, iimfuno zezobugcisa zekhontraktha. Okokugqibela, ukukhetha kwakho kuya kuchaphazela ucwangciso kunye noluhlobo lwendlela yesakhiwo.I-Finnish Classic
Le ndlela ivumela ukuba yenze ngaphandle kokuphakamisa itekhnoloji kunye nenani elikhulu labasebenzi. Kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba unxibelelane nenkampani yokwakha - ungayithenga okanye u-odola iprojekthi kwaye uqeshe i-rigade yeenkosi ezivela kubantu abaninzi okanye abathathu. Ngombutho olungileyo wenkqubo, ibhokisi yendlu enendawo ye-120-150 m2 ngeWindows kunye nokuhombisa kwangaphandle kuya kugqitywa kwiinyanga ezintathu.
Ukulula kohlobo lwezakhiwo zemodyuli kuhlawulwa kukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo zemibala yetrandy, izixhobo zokugqibela zanamhlanje kunye nefomathi enkulu
Siza kuchaza ngokufutshane ukwakhiwa kwesidumbu esikudidi. Emva kokwakhiwa kwesiseko kunye neliner yonxibelelwano, i-beam ngaphezulu komgangatho wokuqala ngoMgangatho wokuyila uxhonyiwe. Ngapha koko kule ndawo, kwindawo ethe tyaba, isakhelo sodonga kunye nezihlunu zalo mgangatho wokuqala zivuniwe, eziphakanyisiweyo, zibotshelelwe ngaphezulu kwamaplanga. Emva koko i-onroad edityanisiweyo (enenkxaso yokuqhekeka okuphezulu) kunye nesakhelo seendonga zomgangatho wesibini okanye uyilo olukhawulezileyo lophahla.
Icandelo lenkqubo yesakhelo ikhethelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla endlela kunye nokufakelwa okusebenzayo (ubukhulu obufunekayo boboya beminerali yi-150-400 mm, kuxhomekeke kwimozulu yemozulu).
I-skeleton yesakhiwo idityaniswe nezinto zephepha (zihlala zipleyiti ezinobungqiwa-mali kwi-12-16 mm), zigubungele uphahla, emva kokuba zizaliswe. Namhlanje, kukhuphiswano lwe-mats, izimbiwa zeZimbiwa, kodwa akukho nto inqandayo ezinye izinto, ezinje ngoboya be-coltulose cotton okanye i-polylurethane foam. Kwinkqubo yokufakwa, uthungelwano lobunjineli lubekwe. Emva koko iindonga ziqiniswe ngaphandle kwephaneli yomoya (ngaphandle kwephaneli yomoya enomoya enesipomo esingenalo i-Polymer esetyenziselwa ukubeka), kwaye ivela ngaphakathi-i-vapor ityhilwe yindoda. Ukuqhuba ugqibe umsebenzi.
Xa uyila i-sunder ye-classic, unokukhetha nayiphi na indlela yoyilo, cwangcisa izithombe kunye ne-arches, i-balconies kunye ne-loggias (nangona, nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto ziya kwandisa iindleko zolwakhiwo). Kodwa ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kufuneka kuphele kumgangatho emibini, kwaye eyona ndlela ithembekileyo nenokuthenjwa yinye indawo engaphezulu kunye nendawo yokuhlala.
Ukuthambisa ubushushu kunye nobomi benkonzo yeendonga zendlu enjalo buxhomekeke ikakhulu kumgangatho wokusebenza komsebenzi, oya kuthi ubekwe esweni ngononophelo- ngoncedo lweengcali eziqeshiweyo. Kodwa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iinkonzo zabo, iindleko ze-1 m2 yendawo iyonke yeNdlu ngaphandle kokuthatha izixhobo zobunjineli beakhawunti kunye nomhombiso aziyi kuba ngaphezulu kwamawaka ayi-16.
UmGaqo wePaneli
Iikhitshi zeZindlu zeZihlangu ezincinci zingathengwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo lelizwe lama-90s. ngenkulungwane ephelileyo. Iindonga zaqokelelwa kwiiphaneli ezivuliweyo - izinto zokwenza isakhelo ezimalunga ne-1,2 × 2,5 m enendawo yokuhlala edolophini, i-Plywood, i-CLSE, ivunyelwe ngokukhawuleza Ukufaka iindonga kwaye uye kumhlobiso wangaphakathi. Namhlanje, ezinye iifemu zikwasebenzisa umgaqo we-Shiflethi usebenzisa iiphaneli ezivulekileyo zemilinganiselo emikhulu (2.5 × 2,7 m okanye ngaphezulu) ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zomhombiso.
Iinkampani ezahlukileyo zibonelela ngezindlu ezivela kwi-intermed Ands zodonga zophuhliso, ezinje ngokuzaliswa koboya bezimbiwa kunye nebhodi ye-fibern ye-fiber ("Indlu yaseMartin"). Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yokwakha yaseKhanada evela kwii-SIP-Panels iphumelele ukuthandwa okukhulu.
Iphaneli yendabuko yendabuko inamapleyiti ezimbini-3, phakathi kwephepha le-polystrene. Akuzange kube kudala, uhlobo olutsha lwemveliso yeeglasi zeglasi ezingafikelelekiyo kunye ne-mineral ye-munning sokolo ivele kwimarike. Kuzo zombini iimeko, iinxalenye zepaneli Glue phantsi komshicileli we-polyurethane glue. Iiphatho ze-SIP zivelisa ubukhulu bayo; Ngeengqokelela eziphezulu kunye nophahla phantsi kwemiqathango yomtya ophakathi waseRussia, lonto ibaluleke kakhulu nobukhulu beendonga ze-224, kwiindonga ezingaphandle - iindonga ezingaphandle - ii-124 mm.
Itekhnoloji yokwakha ibonelela ngokufakwa kwesakhelo esifihliweyo esivela kwiibhodi, iiracks kunye nengqolowa efakwe kwimiphetho yeephaneli. I-nyikitywe ngenxalenye yesakhelo itywiniwe nge-polyurrethane foam.
Kumzi-mveliso, iimodyuli zahlulwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle
Ukuqokelela uyilo lwe-raft kunye nomgwebo, kodwa i-suble ifakima kunye nokubekwa eluphahleni kwenziwa emva kokuba iNdibano yeNdlu ye-Domakias yenziwa kunye nokuyila
Rhoqo sebenzisa imiqadi ephindwe kabini kwaye ugobe uqhagamshelo
Xa uhlanganisana ekhaya, ityhubhu yokutywina kwizinto ze-elastic iboshwe ngeteyiphu yokutywina kwizinto eziphathwayo, ezinjengePalynestentene. Emva koko iimodyuli ziqinile kwaye ziqinile ngesikere.
Iiphaneli ze-SIP ezisemgangathweni (2.8 / 2 / 2,5 × 1.25 m) kwaye ubungakanani bezinga nqanaba zithengiswa ngabavelisi, kwaye ke kwenziwa ukwakhiwa okungameleyo, kuba inkqubo yendibano ifuna amava athile. Rhoqo ekhaya kwiTekhnoloji yaseKhanada, bayalelwa kwiifemu ezibonelela ngeeprojekthi ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ukuba zikhethe kuzo.
Le ndlela yokwakha ixhomekeke kune-classic, njengoko inkampani inika isiqinisekiso ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-5 kwizixhobo kunye nomsebenzi. Kwangelo xesha, kunyanzelekile ukuba kupheliswe iziphene ezifunyanisiweyo zisimahla, umzekelo, ukucoca iindonga okanye iindawo ezimanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko ze "Canada" zihlala ziphakamile kune "Finnish" - ukusuka kwi-19 lamawaka ruble. I-1 m2 ngaphandle kokugqiba kunye neenkqubo zobunjineli.
Isakhelo sodonga sivunyelwe ukuba siqokelele kuphela ukusuka kwi-cuba yenqanaba eliphezulu lomisa. Ichanekile kakhulu ukusebenzisa iibhodi ezilinganayo kunye nemivalo, iimveliso ezivela kwi-glue massif okanye ezidibeneyo 2 - iindlela (iinkuni + ze-OSP)
Uyilo lweWood kunye nomhlobiso weplanga
Isakhelo sensimbi
Isakhelo sesakhiwo esisezantsi sinokuhlanganiswa kuphela emthini, kodwa nakwiiprofiles ezinamafutha anezibi Iimveliso ezinjalo zinikezelwa yiThumhum, iintsapho, iiKumkaninana, njl njl. Ezona ndawo ziphambili ze-LSTK (i-STEL ye-STEL-STO) yinqanaba lendibano ephezulu kunye nejometri. Njengommiselo, isakhelo sinikelwe kwinto elungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo ufakelo: Iiprofayili zinqunyulwe ngobukhulu kwaye ziphawulwe ngokobume boyilo, imingxunya ye-hastences iyadingwa. Iimveliso zensimbi zikhuselwe ngokuthembekileyo ukusuka kusulelo nge-shorvaning eshushu. Ngokungafaniyo nemivalo kunye neebhodi, azikhuphi kwaye azithinteli.
Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yentsimbi, ethathela ingqalelo umsebenzi wendibano, iya kuxabisa ubuncinci i-70% ibiza kakhulu kunenkuni. Ukongeza, iiprofayili zensimbi, nokuba zinobunzima obuncinci (i-0.7 mm) kunye nokungafezeki, ukucothisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu, ngaba iibhulorho ezibandayo. Ukuphepha ukubekwa kwe-countration kubunzima besakhiwo, iindonga kufuneka zikhuphele i-thermopanels ezisekwe kwi-Polystyreon Pollystrene Fom, efakwe kwisakhelo.
Iimpawu ze-odolo yendlu yemodyuli
Ngetekhnoloji yemodyuli yevolunti, imisebenzi ephambili yokwakha, kubandakanya ukugqitywa kunye nokufakwa kweenethiwekhi zobunjineli, zenziwa kwivenkile egutyungelweyo. Iimodyuli ezigqityiweyo (zihlala zimbini, kunqabile ukuba zithathu okanye zine) zifakwe kumaqonga omthwalo kunye nokwahlula i-faupet kwisiseko esakhiwe kwangaphambili. Emva koko bahluza, badibanisa amalungu, kwaye baqhagamshele indlu kunxibelelwano oluphambili.
Kwimarike ethu, izindlu zemodyuli imele inkampani "Indlu", "Dubld" isityalo soyilo semodyuli yemodyuli. 1, IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA, NJANI.
Ngoku-odola isakhiwo semodyuli, songa ixesha elininzi kwaye ususe zonke iingxaki zokuthenga, ukufuna abasebenzi kwaye ulawule umgangatho wokwakhiwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka balwamkele ukhetho lokuthobeka lwezisombululo zoyilo, ubungakanani obukhulu bendawo kunye neengcali zoyilo oluthile. Uninzi lwezindlu zinoxande ngokwemigaqo, zihlala zinophahla olunamacala elinye, iimazi ezincinci okanye ngaphandle kwazo ngaphandle kwazo. Njengomthetho, endlwini omnye umgangatho (kodwa rhoqo kukho i-mezzanine yokuhlala), kunye nendawo yayo iphela iphantse yangaphezulu kwe-100 m2. Indleko igqibile ukuhlalisa i-chalet ye-chalet-31-38 i-ruble ruble. I-1 m2.
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqulunqa iibhulorho kubanda, unokwenza isakhelo esinemiqolo emibini yeeracks kunye nengqolowa, isuswe i-inshuntshele nganye, kodwa oku kuyakwandisa indleko zokwakha indlu nge-20%
Ukunciphisa ukuphakama kweemodyuli (ngenye indlela azithunyelwanga phantsi kweebhulorho kunye nemigca yamandla) ngaphandle kokuphulukana nokuphakama kwamagumbi, ezopha zithambeka kwiNdlu zithambekele, ngelixa uphahla lube luphawu
