Imithombo yamandla eluhlaza "ifumana ukuthandwa okukhulayo. Sikuxelela ukuba kungcono ukukhetha iiphaneli zabucala-zesolar okanye iiverakhi zomoya, kwaye zichaze i-numes yokufakwa kwabo.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Iiphaneli zelanga kunye nabavelisi bomoya belona ndlaliseko ibalaseleyo yoMthombo wombane. Zombini itekhnoloji iphuhlisiwe kakuhle, amaxabiso abasebenzi ngokuthe ngcembe bayancipha, kwaye ngoku, umzekelo, i-200-250 w i-ruble yamawaka ali-15.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ngaba loluphi uhlobo lomthombo olukhethayo?
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zephaneli yaseSilicon yeSlalar. Umahluko weemodyuli zekristali enye (inqwelomoya yemodyuli yenziwa ngekristali eqinileyo). Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Okokuqala, yenza isigqibo malunga nombane oyifunayo. Ngaba uza kwakha inkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla ekhaya ngokupheleleyo kwi-solar okanye amandla omoya okanye uyisebenzise njengenkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla engxamisekileyo? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iithegi zamaxabiso zahluke kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yexesha likaxakeka (enamandla okukhutshelwa kwe-200 ukuya kwe-20000 w), enye kwiimodyuli ezimbini zeSolar kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zanele - kuphela nge-40-50 yamawaka ama-40-50 amawaka eeruble. Kodwa qhubela phambili ukubonelela ngamandla okuzimeleyo kuya kubiza ixabiso elibiza kakhulu. Umzekelo, inkqubo kwi-soy-igalelo elinomthamo we-2500 wokopa uza kuxabisa i-300-400 i-ruble yamawaka ruble. I-odolo efanayo yamanani kunye neethegi zamaxabiso zabavelisi bomoya.
I-solarlers, i-inters kunye neebhetri ezinokuphinda zifumaneke phantsi kwendawo yokuhlala ayithathi ixesha elininzi kwaye ayifuni kwigumbi elahlukileyo. Inkonzo yabo kunye nokusebenza kwayo inokwenziwa zombini ekuhlaleni kunye nokude, isebenzisa ithebhulethi okanye i-smartphone (nge-EARNET okanye i-WI-Fi yenethiwekhi). Ifoto: Abb.
Ngeemodyuli zePolycrystalline (iqulethe iikristali ezininzi). Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ngokukhawuleza ukukhetha uhlobo "lomthombo" oluhlaza "luxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye neempawu zendawo. Masithi, kwiindawo ezinesantya esiphantsi ngemozulu embi (umzekelo, kwi-crinta), iibhetri zelanga zilungele kakhulu. Kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, kwiinduli kunye nonxweme lolwandle, olubonakaliswa yimimoya eliqatha yexesha elide, abavelisi bomoya bangqine kakuhle. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-European yaseYurophu kukho iindawo ezincinci ezinemozulu, ngokufanelekileyo ilungele olunye okanye olunye uhlobo lweemveliso zombane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyavakala ukuseka zombini iintlobo zeemveliso eziza kutshintsha nganye. Ewe, inkqubo enjalo ibiza kakhulu - kodwa yenza ntoni, ezi ziimpawu zemozulu yaseRussia.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Iiphaneli zelanga
Okwangoku, iindidi ezimbini zezi zixhobo ziye zasasazwa: Isilicon kunye nefilimu. Ngamnye wabo wahlulwe waba ziindidi:- I-Silicon Monocrystalline. Imodyuli nganye yokufumana ukukhanya yenziwa ngokusekwe kwipleyiti ye-silicon eqingqiweyo kwi-crystal eqinileyo. Ezi bluees zahlukile kwezona mpumelelo zinobuchule (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-22-24%), kodwa neyona ndleko iphakamileyo;
- I-Silicon Polycrystalline. Iplate yemodyuli nganye inesakhiwo esinekristali ye-selicon, ngenxa yesixhobo esifunwa sisinye. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwi-13-15%;
- Silicon Amorphous. Ngexabiso leepesenti ezingama-20 ezingezantsi kwePolycrystalline, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-6-8%;
- Ifilimu, esekwe kwi-Cadmium telemoide, indawo ye-CADMIIF, izixhobo ze-polymeric, njl. Zivela nje kutshanje kwaye zingakhange zifumaneke zibanzi kwaye azifumananga ngabavelisi abaninzi njengabathembisayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko zimalunga nama-20% ngaphezulu kwe-Amorphous.
I-Polycrystalline kwaye esekwe kwi-Amorphous Silicon yafunyanwa esona sabelo sikhulu. Olu hlengahlengiso lulula kwimveliso kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kunepaneli yekristali eyodwa, kwaye ukongeza, iibhetri ezisekwe kwi-Solar kunye nezibane ezininzi kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, zilungele i I-Russia ephakathi yaseRussia, apho baninzi khona amafu amaninzi. Kwimimandla enemimandla ecacileyo yemozulu ecacileyo (i-crisa, ephakathi i-Asia), ngokuchaseneyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ibhetri ye-mono-kunye ne-polycrystalline.
Iintsana zomoya
Umvelisi womoya uguqula amandla omoya kumbane. Iimodeli zanamhlanje ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngomoya omncinci (2-3 m / s), nangona isantya somoya esifanelekileyo somsebenzi sazo siphezulu kwaye sihlala sili-10-12 m / s. Kwisantya somoya, i-3 m / s enjalo yomoya iya kuvelisa malunga ne-5% yamandla ukusuka kwithuba, ngesantya se-7 m / s - malunga ne-50%. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha imodeli yemveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela isantya sonyaka sesantya sonyaka kwindawo yakho, esi salathisi sihlala siboniswa kwinkcazo.
Ngemodyuli ze-amorphous. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Khetha umvelisi womoya kunye nobungakanani besizukulwana sangoku. Kuya kufuneka ubale indlela ofuna ngayo umbane. Masithi uthatha isigqibo sokuba noqoqosho kwaye ubekelwe umda kulwakhanyiso olungxamisekileyo, ukusebenza kwempompo yokujikeleza kunye nokuba kungenzeka ukuba shaja i-smartphone okanye i-laptop. Emva koko uya kudinga amandla okukhutshelwa kwe-150-200 w, imalunga nama-50-100 kW kwinyanga. Imisebenzi enjalo iya kubonelela ngemodeli yamandla amancinci, inokuthengwa namhlanje ngamawaka angama-20-30 yamawaka iruble. Kwaye ukuba ufuna amandla angaphezulu, emva koko umvelisi womoya kufuneka akhethwe amandla ngakumbi: Iimodeli ezivelisa uninzi lwamawaka eeyure ze-kilowatt zenyanga, kodwa nexabiso labo liza kuphakama - i-100-150 yamawaka iruble.
Isisombululo esibanzi neebhetri zelanga kunye neenjini zomoya ezinamandla ezenzelwe umoya, ukutshintsha uluhlu olubanzi lwezantya. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ngokufanayo, ukubalwa kweebhetri zesonga kwenziwa. Inani elifunekayo lombane libaliwe, kwaye iimodyuli zikhethwe kwisiseko sokubanga ukuze kokusebenza kwabo okusebenza kunye newaranti iqinisekisa iimfuno zakho. Ukubalwa kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kuba ixabiso lesizukulwana sangoku sitshintsha kakhulu ukusuka kwixesha lonyaka. Ehlotyeni yeyona iphezulu, kwaye ebusika ifikelela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20% yehlobo. Ke ngoko, khetha iipaneli zesola ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni baya kuzisebenzisa kuphela ngexesha lokufudumala (ngexesha lelizwe) okanye unyaka wonke. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwemveliso kuxhomekeke kwindlela osele kuyo iiphaneli zesolar. Ukuba bebengaguqukiyo bathunyelwe kwicala elifanelekileyo kwaye kwi-engile elungileyo, ke ukusebenza kakuhle kweSizukulwana yamandla kuncipha - ngama-20 ukuya kwi-20 ukuya kwi-20 ukuya kwi-20 ukuya kwi-20 ukuya kwi-30%, nangaphezulu. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuba ukubala kwintsebenzo efunekayo yeebhetri, kuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo yendawo yabo, yenze ingcali.
I-Maxbrid Sybrid Scheme yeShensi
Ukubonwa: Igor smirshagin / i-budadia Media
Izibonelelo ezinomdla kunye nokungalunganga kweebhetri zelanga
| Monocrystall | I-polycrystall | I-Amorphous Silicon | |
Iindleko | Mde kakhulu | Umndilili | Isezantsi |
Intsebenzo, ukusebenza kakuhle,% | ~ 22. | ~ 15. | ~ 10. |
Iimfuno zokukhanya | Ukuphakama: Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ibhetri ukuze imilayi yelanga iwele kwindiza yayo | Ukuphakama: Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ibhetri ukuze imilayi yelanga iwele kwindiza yayo | Ifunwa kancinci kwikona yokuwa kwelanga |
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kwimozulu yemozulu | Iphantsi | Iphantsi | Phezulu |
Ubomi Benkonzo | ~ 25. | ~ 20. | ~ 15. |
Iphi kwaye njani iibhetri kunye neemveliso zomoya
Iiphatho zesola kufuneka zibekwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze ukukhanya kwelanga kubekwe phezu kwazo. Kumantla e-Hemisphere, iiphaphane zesolar zisasazwa kwicala elinzulu, phantsi kwe-tilt ehambelana nendawo yokulinganisa. Ukuziqhelanisa, iiphaneli zesola zihlala zifakwe kwithambeka elingasezantsi lophahla. Ukuba akukho mathuba, iibhetri zibekwe kwindawo entle, kwaye uhlengahlengiso kufuneka lungezwe kwintsebenzo. Kungayimfuneko ukwandisa inani leemodyuli.
Umvelisi womoya one-axis ethe nkqo yokujikeleza iphawuleka ngengxolo ephantsi. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ewe, ukuba unomda kwindawo yokuma, apho kwixesha elizayo unokufaka khona iimodyuli ezongezelelweyo okanye ezingaphezulu. Kuba kungekudala uza kuba naloo mbono ukuba kuya kuba kuhle ukwandisa intsebenzo yenkqubo.
Iiphaneli zelanga kufuneka zifakiwe ukuze zikwazi ukwenziwa. Oku kusebenza kungekuphela nje ekulungiseni umsebenzi, kodwa nako ukucoca-kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo, isuse amagqabi awileyo ngeephaneli, uthuli kunye nobumdaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumaneka kweephaneli ezinokusetyenziswa ngokujikeleza unyaka ngenxa yemfuno yokucoca kwabo kwikhephu.
Umvelisi womoya we-moya obuthathaka (ukusuka kwi-2-3 m / s) umoya. Ifoto: "amandla omoya"
Izivelisi zomoya ziyacetyiswa ukuba zifakwe kwindawo ephezulu yendawo. Akukho mfuneko yoko gcina i-MAST kwi-MAST: kwi-8-10 m, amandla omoya onyuka malunga ne-30%. I-Windmill xa isebenza isenokuba yingxolo, ngoko kungcono ukuyifaka kungasondeliyo kwiimitha ezingama-20 ukusuka endlwini. Ngethamsanqa, ingxolo ephantsi echaphazela impilo kunye nelizwe lesilwanyana, kuveliswa ngabavelisi bomoya kakhulu - ukusuka kwi-100 kw kwaye ngaphezulu. Ke ngoko, ukukhanya kunye neemodeli zamandla ombane zomoya ophumeleleyo ngamanye amaxesha zifakwe eluphahleni lwezakhiwo, kwaye malunga neemeko ezinjalo kukunqweneleka ukusebenzisa i-lin.
Abavelisi bomoya bazimise kakuhle kumazwe aseMantla baseRussia (kwingaphakathi nesibetho), apho, umgaqo-nkqubo oqinileyo wonyaka (ngaphezulu kwe-7 m / s).
I-KärCher yesoftware yokucoca ufakelo lwe-Galvanic amandla. Ukucoca ibhetri engcolisekileyo yelanga inyusa uqikelelo lwayo lwamandla malunga ne-20%. Ifoto: I-Kärcher.
Izixhobo zokuzikhethela
Ukongeza kwiintreyithi zangoku (umvelisi womoya okanye ibhetri yelanga) uyakufuna:
- I-Inverter-iguqula ikhonkco elikhoyo eliveliswe yiphaneli yelanga okanye ibhetri, kwinye yangoku nge-220 V.
- Iibhetri ezinokuphinda zisebenze (AKB). Baqokelela ukuhanjiswa kombane kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwe-peak okanye imeko xa umvelisi akavelisi okwangoku (umzekelo, iipaneli zelanga ebusuku).
- Abalawulibi betyala-Izixhobo ezinoxanduva lwendlela yokuhamba kombane eziveliswe ngumvelisi. Ngaphandle kwabo, umvelisi kuya kufuneka akhwele ngesandla kwibhetri ngobusuku ngasinye nasekupheleni kwetyala ngalinye. Ukongeza, abalawuli bonyusa ukusebenza kwempumelelo kwe-generator ukuya kwi-30-50%.
- Qhawula umthengisi. Kwimeko yomvelisi womoya, kuphakama okuphezulu kwe-8-10 m. Kwiiphaneli zesolar, ziyizibika zofakelo eluphahleni okanye kwimilo eyahlukileyo.
Njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, ikhithi yezixhobo kuya kufuneka ihlawule malunga ne-generator.