I-Luberna (ikwabizwa ngokuba yifestile yento) - yongeza ngaphakathi eluphahleni, kwindawo engaphambili yefestile ethe nkqo. I-Lugarna-umhlobiso-ntlewa kwesakhiwo, kunye nendlela yokukhanyisa i-attic kwaye yandise isandi sayo sendawo, njengoko uphahla lweLug-alukhange lube ngaphezulu kophahla oluphambili.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
I-Lugarna yinto enye kwifestile ye-attic (okanye indibaniselwano yewindows), ephethe ngokuthelekisa kunye naye inani lezibonelelo nezingalunganga. Inomdla ngakumbi kwisicwangciso sobutyebi, ukongeza, iwindow ethe nkqo inokuvulwa ukuba iphumelele igumbi nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka, ngelixa uphahla eluphahleni lwekhephu, elingelilo Yivumele ukuba uyivule kwaye ithintela ukungena kokukhanya egumbini. Kwangelo xesha, iwindow ethe nkqo yegumbi le-lumban igumbi alikho kangako njengeyona ndawo inesiphene, kuba uphahla lwecala kunye nophahla lwe-bunturian luxine umjelo wokukhanya. Ewe, inqanaba lesimo se-Attic Attic kunye ne -toturian iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka kude kube yindawo ephantsi yefestile, indlela yezinto ezihlaselweyo kunye nakweyiphi na imihlaba ye-furked egumbini apho iya kuba ngaphezulu kokusebenzisa iwindow ye-attic. Ukongeza, kulula kakhulu ukufaka uphahla eluphahleni kunguLuberna. Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba ukwakhiwa kwalo kuthatha izinto ezininzi ezakhayo eyakha zakhiwa kwiziseko zeprojekthi eneenkcukacha, ukuthembela kuphela kwiingcali kuphela.
Ukubonwa kwababonisi: IMavel Melnikova / Imidiya ye-Burda
I-Lugarna-uyilo oluya kwenza iyonke ngaphandle kophahla lwesakhiwo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngesixhobo, kufuneka i-lumbana kufuneka itywinwe ukuba idibane nophahla oluphambili, ukwenza ifudulo kunye nokufakelwa kwamanzi, ngokubonelela ngomoya ophahlani- kwi-ovest kunye nee-oventhilators ezongezelelweyo zokungena umoya olwenziwe ngokupheleleyo kophahla oluphambili kwindawo apho iphazanyiswa yi-Lug-in. Ndiza kuqaphela inqaku elibalulekileyo: Ukwenza i-parobarier, kuya kufuneka ukhwele yonke imithi kunye namalungu anezixhobo ezizodwa (iiribhoni, amabhanti, iipasile). Ukukhetha kwabo kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomphezulu apho ifilimu yefilimu ye-vapor iufuphi. Ngokukodwa, kwizizathu ezirhabaxa (umzekelo, iinkuni ezingonakalisiyo), ifilimu ichukunyisiwe kunye nemikhono kunye neepeyinti. Ukusetyenziswa kweeteyiphu ezingatshatanga kunye nezo bhaphu kule meko azamkelekanga.
I-Valery Nesterov
UMlawuli Jikelele weNkampani "DRUFFFF"
Iimpawu zoyilo
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindonga ziyenziwa ngokusisigxina ngohlobo lwesakhelo semivalo yomthi, elungiselelwe kulwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lophahla lwesakhiwo. Ububanzi beLubhana, njengommiselo, luhambelana ne-spans ezininzi ezinxibelelana, okuthetha ukuba isixhobo sayo kubandakanya ikhefu kwinkqubo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze uphapha eluphahleni lokugcina umthamo wokuphathwa okufunekayo, kumda, i-big-hard kuya kufuneka uyiqinise ngendlela enye okanye enye, ukhetho oluqhutywa ngumbutho weprojekthi kwisiseko solwazi malunga nobude Isiketi, ithambeka lophahla olu-1, inyathelo le-raftter, umthwalo ovela eLug-no-njl, njl. Njl. Rhoqo ubonelela ngeeracks ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba ucwangciso lwe-Attic aluvumeli iiracks ezinjalo, ziseka i-Handony-rived yasimahla (umzekelo, ngohlobo lwemilenze emibini ye-raf okanye imilenze yeGlue) kwaye iphumle iindonga zecala.
Izakhelo zodonga zokhuni zizaliswe kukuntywila - zihlala ziplate zelitye okanye iintsinga zeglasi, ezibekwa yi-volous phakathi kwezinto zesakhelo. Kwiindawo, iifreyimu zesakhelo sesakhelo se-carcass lig-asimahla kwiirafti kufuneka sisebenzise iipleyiti ezinqatyisiweyo, zibatywine ngononophelo xa unyusa. Ngokwenani leengcali, yindawo yokuyingxaki kuyilo lweLugar. Nditsho ndinokufakwa kumgangatho ophezulu womsebenzi wokufakelwa, izitshixo eziphakathi kweepleyiti kunye nesakhelo somthi asigcinwanga, esithatyathwe ngokubekwa kweendonga zeondoni kule ndawo. Ngapha koko, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto ezinokubakho kokudala ungqiwulo oluqinileyo lokufaka (umzekelo, ukutshiza iPolylidthane Foam okanye imvakalelo engafunekiyo), ukuba olona lopha lwe-fiber lutshintshe ngamatye okanye ngeglasi.
Xa ifowuni ingenasimahla, kubalulekile ukuba ucinge ngombuzo wokungena komoya ophahlayo. Eli linyathelo lokukhusela i-insulb ye-fibrous kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngamaplanga ezivela ekumiselweni. I-sublue yomoya phantsi kophahla ihlala ilungelelaniswe sisikhewu ngasemva kwiCornice kunye / okanye imingxunya engaphambi kophahla. Ukwenzela ukufezekisa umoya ophumelelayo womoya, kwiimeko ezininzi kukho iindawo ezimbini zedigri ye-charboots (imivalo yakhe eyenza ukulungiswa kwentshukumo yomoya), ukuba nayo kwiindlela ezimbini. Isekethe yokuqala isebenzisana, kwaye okwesibini ihambelana nee-eves. Oku kuqinisekisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya ukungena eluphahleni ukusuka kuzo zombini ii-eves kunye nefreyini. Ukuzoba, kunokwenzeka ukubona kwangaphambili - kuxhomekeka kwimo yophahla- ukuntywila umoya oqengqelekayo okanye i-scanty ye-scanty efakwe ngaphezulu kweetawuli ze-lug. Olunye ukhetho kukuthumela ukuhamba komoya ukuya kwithambeka lophahla oluphambili, ukusuka apho kuya kususwa khona ngehashe elinemoya. Oku, uphahla lophahla aluhlaza ludityaniswa nophahla lwendlu.
I-mikhail cherysshov
Inkokeli yeNkonzo yezobuGcisa iRheinzink
Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, i-fibrous ivaliwe ngefilimu ye-vapor efakelweyo (ukuyilungisa ngezibiyeli okanye izikhonkwane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-rafters), kwaye emva koko uzigqibezela. I-PAROROIRY ifakwe ngamalaphu amanqatha ubuncinci obuyi-100 mm, iindawo zepetroli zitywinwe zizinto ezizodwa (iibhulukhwe ezizodwa kunye ne-ribees, iipasile). Ukusuka kwicala lesitalato, ukufaniswa kwe-irmal kugutyungelwe i-hembrane yokubuyisela i-hydrane (ikwamisiwe nezibiyeli okanye i-Nails), emva koko ibeka ulawulo, emva koko igqibile ukugqiba ngokwangaphandle. Ulawulo luvunyelwe ukuba lubonelele ngesithuba sokuthintela ubukhulu be-30-50 mm. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uphahla lophahla alwanelo lophahla oluphambili lwesakhiwo kwaye lubandakanya umaleko phakathi kweendawo zokubulala, isibini sokuziqhelanisa, ukwehla kwe-hydddraling, owenziwe nguMlawuli, iqinile okanye inyathela), ngaphezulu kophahla. I-Paro Ukuzibotheka kunye ne-Ventzorbars ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo ukukhusela i-insulling kunye nezinto zokhuni ezivela kwi-roistrar ngenxa ye-prosar, ifuna ukuya esitratweni.
Umbuzo obalulekileyo xa iindonga zeendonga zi-lucnaya: indlela yokuhlela i-fungex kunye nomoya ongapheliyo ovela kwiVentzwazor? Olunye lonyulo kukudibanisa ii-ventkanals ezindongeni ezingenazindonga ze-ventkalas zesikethi, zibekwe phantsi kwayo, kunye ne-ventkanals ekhoyo eluphahleni lwe-lug-free. Ke umoya uya kuhamba phantsi kophahla kwi-subce ye-connice yayo, hamba ecaleni kwe-ventsors kwaye isuswe ngehashe eluphahleni eluphahleni eluphahleni lophahla oluphambili , apho umoya ophuma eluphahleni lwe-lug - mayingazithembi. (Oku, kuyilo lophahla, i-lumban ibonelelwe, ngakumbi, i-racks kwibha yebhanti ilawulwa kude kube sekupheleni komoya phantsi Uphahla lophahla lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izithuba ezikwi-copting connice okanye imingxunya kwi-flotonone yayo..
Ukuba uLug -Ana ubekwe kufutshane, iipokethi zeqhwa ezenziwa ebusika phakathi kwabo. Kwi-thaw le inokukhokelela ekuphumezeni amanzi anyibilikayo phantsi kophahla. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Isakhiwo esixhasayo sale lug-kungqokelela yee-arches zokhuni zokuphumla kwimihlambi enxulumene nenani elinye elihambelana noncedo lwe-beams efihlakeleyo. Ifoto: I-Tatyana Karaklova / I-Burda Media
Izilonda-iikona zensimbi kunye nezikrelemnqa. Ifoto: Tatyana Karaklova / I-Budanaediedia
Ngesixhobo, uhlobo lwe-lucnaya "bat" lusebenzisa ukusikwa okhethekileyo-igobile. Ifoto: Dörnen.
Ukufakwa kwefilimu yefilimu ye-hydraulic. Ifoto: Dörnen.
Isakhelo somthi se-vounia ngaphezulu kolwakhiwo lophahla lwerali. Ifoto: Ishishini leNisco
Ukubeka iithayile kuhlaselo lwe-pilbing lubhana kunye nolungiselelo lwe-Eprend endaweni ye-Clutch Clutch Lug-Forting Wephal Hollight Coager. Ifoto Namedoev Media
Ukuba ubungakanani obukhulu obungenasincinci, kwaye kwi-attic ayithathwanga ukuba ibe ligumbi elinomswakama ophezulu, ke, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze umoya ophantsi kwemeko yokufakelwa komgangatho kwaye Ukudalwa kweParabar ethembekileyo. Siqaphela kwaye okomzuzwana: ILugarna ngokwayo sisithintelo sokuhamba komoya kwi-verntzazor yophahla (kwaye ke iitayitile ze-ventilation, njl. Njl.) Ukupheliswa kwayo. Zifakwe phambi kwe-lugo nasemva kwayo. Owona mkhulu kwi-Lucos eluphahleni, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukufezekisa ulomoya ovuthuzayo. Uphahla lwe-lucares luphawulwe ziifom ezahlukeneyo. Abatshatanga, duppex, i-hip kabini (eneentonga zonxantathu), i-semicircular, kunye nomgangatho we-curvilinear (obizwa ngokuba "Amehlo e-Bull"),
Iindonga kunye nophahla ziLucnaya ezikufuphi nethambeka lophahla lwesakhiwo, kwaye iindawo zabavumisi zintsonkothileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga uyilo kunye nokufakwa. Ukwenzela ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lokusebenza kweNdlu, umntu unokucebisa umthengi ukuba afune umbutho oneenkcukacha womzobo ocacileyo woyilo lwe-lubana, kunye nokutsala iinkampani ezinophahla oluchwephesheyo. Ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza iyelenqe lokufumana indawo apho liguqukayo ngomlilo, lwenziwe ngamathambeka eethambeka, kunye neesinki ezingaqhelekanga zesi state. Rhoqo, abadlali abanomdla abanganyanisekanga abazithukisi iifilimu zefilimu ze-hydraulic filimu apha, zixhotywe ngeteko, zixhotywe nge-Endovo ngokwayo, kunjalo, kukho iingxowa zekhephu kweli candelo ebusika , kwaye ngexesha lokuhamba ngengozi yokungena kwi-capillary ephantsi kophahla. Kuphela kuseluncedo oluchanekileyo noluchanekileyo lophahla luya kuthintela ukuvuza kule ndawo.
Konstantin Simonov
UMlawuli weScyth
Kuxhomekeka kuyilo loMyili we-Arkindlot, uphahla lwe-hubhana lunokugutyungelwa njengezixhobo zophahla olufanayo njengophahla oluphambili kunye nomnye. Kwangelo xesha, ubunzima bunokuvela xa kulungiswa uphahla lucares. Ke, ihlala isengxakini yokufaka ifomathi enkulu okanye izixhobo eziphezulu zeprofayili - i-tile ye-tiles (eqhelekileyo okanye i-theybemes-i-bitumes, i-asbestos-bittos. Ubhedu, i-zinc-titanium), kunye nezixhobo ngohlobo lweprofayili ephantsi okanye iithayile zeflethi - i-ceirarac okanye i-slates-state, i-slate, i-binsing, i-tinban Uxande, iipleyiti ngendlela "yokufakelwa komsila"), njl. njl. Ufakelo lophahla kufuneka luchaneke ngokuchanekileyo nokwenza ukuba i-cailing yophahla.
Ke, ukuba uphahla luphindwe kabini, emva koko endaweni ye-disvergence ye-skiates yayo nophahla lwesakhiwo kukho ezimbini i-RTSOV. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-gegegec yophahla ngokwayo kunye nendawo yokudibanisa indawo esezantsi yendawo ephezulu yendawo enomqolo ophambili, kunye nomda ophambili eluphahleni (usebenzisa Izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zoku, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwezinto zophahla: umzekelo, kwimeko ye-ceramic okanye i-cement yesanti, i-curbons esuka kwi-aluminium, i-Grooves, i-Grooves, i-Grooves, i-Copper, i-Clamps, i-Copper, i-Clamps Strips ekhethekileyo Iprofayile, njl.). Xa kukho i-lucos eliqela eluphahleni eluphahleni, emva koko iipokotho ezinkulu zekhephu zisenziwa phakathi kwabo kwaye zibeka emngciphekweni umngcipheko wokuvuza phantsi kophahla lwendawo zokujoyina uphahla lwesakhiwo.
Enye i-lubarinam
Enye iLugznam - Iifestile zeMannard. Zifakwe eluphahleni kunye ne-bias ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-90 °. Iifreyimu kunye ne-sash windows mannard zihlala zenziwa ngemithi yeGlue. Izixhobo zeglasi zihlala zingamandla, ukonga amandla. Ngoqhagamshelo olutywiniweyo lwefestile ye-attic enophahla, kunye nokususa amanzi emvula, imveliso ixhotywe ngomvuzo (kwi-Veminam esemgangathweni) i-polymer casts) ilungele indawo ezithile zophahla. Unokufaka phezu kophahla lwendibaniselwano yeWindows.