Indlu eseleyo egqityiweyo: i-plus kwaye isebenze isicwangciso samahhala

Amagumbi ngaphandle kweendonga zangaphakathi, okanye, njengoko babizelwa, benomda wasimahla, wavela kwimakethi yendawo yokuhlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, abaphuhlisi, abaqondisi, nabathengi abanokubakho besanxibelelana nabo.

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Ngokuthenga igumbi elinendlela yasimahla, kuyimfuneko ukuqondakala ukuba le nkululeko ikwimeko-kusenokwakha iindonga kwaye ivumelana ngotshintsho kuzo zonke iimeko.

Inkululeko ngaphandle kodonga

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amagama athi "ucwangciso lwasimahla", "ucwangciso lwasimahla", "cwangcisa ucwangciso lwasimahla", oluhlala lusebenzisa izixhobo zokuchaza izindlu zabo zokwenyani, azikho imithetho yaseRussia.

Umnini onokubanjwa onikwe izindlu ngendawo yasimahla, ecinga ukuba igumbi elinephupha - i-Windows enkulu, indawo yoMlilo, igumbi lokuhlambela ePolbasin ububanzi, kodwa awusoze wazi ukuba loluphi amanye amaphupha ...

Ngapha koko, ulwakhiwo lwasimahla lubonisa indawo yokuhlala egqityiweyo. Umthengi ufumana indawo yokuhlala enqunyelwe kuphela ngeendonga zangaphandle. Iindonga zangaphakathi ziphawulwe njengezibini zemiqolo yezitena (iibhlokhi ze-foam), okanye zithathwe ngumgca onamachaphaza kwisicwangciso se-BTI; Indlu inomenzi womgangatho we-radiators, unxibelelwano lwenziwa (uninzi lufihliwe kwisitena okanye iibhloksi), ialamu yomlilo kunye nenkqubo eyakhiwe nge-windows kunye nenkqubo eyakhiweyo ye-windows. Icacisa ngokucacileyo imida yekhitshi kunye negumbi lokuhlambela - iindawo ezibizwayo.

Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umphuhlisi, ukunqongophala kweendonga kuyalingana nolondolozo olubalulekileyo kwizinto zokwakha. Ukugqitywa kobunzima bendlu eyakhiweyo, okanye endaweni yoko, ukuthi, iibhokisi zendlu, zinokwenza malunga nenani elifanayo nolwakhiwo lwaso. Ngesi sizathu, umphuhlisi uya konwaba ekunikezeleni abaphuhlisi kunye nabangenasiphelo ukuba bahlule ingxowa-mali yokuhlala ibe ngamacandelo amabini - amagumbi anesakhiwo sasimahla kunye nesiqhelo.

Emva koko, udonga kwimveliso egqityiweyo luya kwakhiwa eludongeni okanye uzithintele kwi-Pylons okanye iikholamu eziya kuvumela ukwanda kancinci kwindawo yokuhlala (kwaye ayisebenzi ngokubonakalayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba "igumbi elithi" iphupha "libonakala lingafanelekanga kwikhonkrithi, kwaye i-therara yaso ibonakala ingaphantsi kwendawo echaziweyo.

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Yibani phaphili xa uthenga indlu ngentengiso yesibini kwintengiso: Zonke iindonga zamelwe (okanye ezingakhiwanga) ngumnini wangaphambili kufuneka usebenze ngokusemthethweni kwaye iphawulwe kumaxwebhu e-BTI. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kufuneka wenze ngokutsha, ngaphandle koko, igumbi elinjalo alinakulindeleka ukuba likwazi ukuphinda ilahlekelwe ngaphandle kokuphulukana nexabiso

Ubunzima obufanelekileyo kukuba izinto eziyimfuneko azinakuthatha indlela ezifuneka ngayo ucwangciso lwasimahla kubanini bezindlu ezizayo endlwini ezenziwe ngabo. Nangona kunjalo, kwisicwangciso somgangatho, apho umvelisi udluliselwe kwi-BTI, sele eyile iindonga, umthwalo wenziwe, iindawo zegumbi lokuhlambela kwaye ikhitshi ichithiwe ngokucacileyo, ikhitshi eyakhiweyo kwaye amagumbi okugcina amdaka abonakalisiwe. Ngesi sizathu, umthengi wendlu ngesicwangciso sasimahla kufuneka abeke iindleko zaso zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali kungekuphela nje kwiinkonzo zomyili kunye nabasebenzi abaya kuphumeza iprojekthi yokuyifumana.

Izindlu zokuqala ezinamazandla "azifani nomnye umntu" wabonakala eMoscow kwi-90s. ngenkulungwane ephelileyo. Emva kokuba ithengwe izindlu kwisakhiwo eyakhiwe kwi-formicking entsha (iMonolithic) ngelo xesha, ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-90% yamagumbi kwabelwe ngokutsha kweendonga ezingaphakathi okanye ezingeyongqongqo. Kula makhaya alandelayo, abaqulunqi baqala ukubonelela ngamagumbi anodonga lwangaphakathi olwahlukileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweendonga, kodwa ngeprojekthi eqhelekileyo eqhelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela alungelelanisa kwizixhobo zokwakha, kunye nemivuzo yabasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, abo baqala, amagumbi ahlala esetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuba athotyelwe amanye amaxwebhu kwiZiko loLobuGcisa. Abaphuhlisi babeyingenelo ukuthengisa kungekuphela nje indawo yokuhlala, kodwa neenkonzo zabo zokwenza iprojekthi ikhuthazwe ngumthengi, kuba yayilithuba lokugqibezela isicwangciso somthengi ngamnye. Iinguqu ezifunekayo zenziwa kwidrafti yokusebenza, kwaye emva kwendlu yeKhomishini yoMbuso, umniniyo wafumana amaxwebhu kwizindlu.

Namhlanje, iinkampani azikulungeli ukusebenza nomthengi ngamnye, kwaye ke kufuneka ukuba iphelise kulwakhiwo (phantsi) isicwangciso sokwakha (phantsi) sinokufumaneka kuwo umphuhlisi okanye kwinkampani yolawulo. Isicwangciso siphawulwe ngokupheleleyo, esavunyelwana kwaye sadlula kwi-temoeceloppertery ngaphambi kokwakha. Isicwangciso esigayiweyo siqinisekiswa yitywina lomphuhlisi kwaye sinikezelwa kwi-ndill scope kunye neseti ephambili yamaxwebhu.

Okuhle nokubi

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele kubunzima beprojekthi Inkqubo ekhokelayo, kufanelekile ukuba iphinde icwangciswe ngeliphi na ithuba elinika umthengi. Ngokungafaniyo nezindlu ezigqityiweyo, apho iindonga eziphakamileyo ziya kufuneka zaphule i-fantasy ye-fantasy, indawo yokuhlala egqityiweyo iyakuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwenqanaba elide, kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi ongcolileyo nelimdaka. Enye into enomdla inxulunyaniswa nexabiso lokuqala lendawo yokuhlala. Kuba iindonga azizange zakhiwe, ixabisa kakhulu kunommelwane, igqitywe ngokupheleleyo yiprojekthi.

Ngelishwa, igumbi elinjalo liya kuzisa ubunzima. Umnini kuya kufuneka ameme umyili, phuhlisa kwaye ulungelelanise iprojekthi, fumana abasebenzi,

Emva koko wamkelekile ukumiliselwa (kunokubakho iingxaki ukuba injongo ivela ngokuchasene neMigangatho yokwakha kunye neMigangatho yococeko, yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo kunye nabaqeshi). Ngokutsho kwabaphuhlisi, ekupheleni kwayo yonke imisebenzi kunye nolungelelaniso, indleko zemitha yesikwere ngamanye amaxesha inyuka kabini.

Umbane kumakhaya apho izindlu zinikezelwa khona kunye nobeko lwasimahla, kulisiko ukuyeka ikhaka lokusasaza igumbi, ngenxa yokuba umbandela wombane udla ngokuba yinye yezona zicwangciso. Kufanelekile ukukhangela i-wiring yeshushu, kuba ezinye iimeko iibhetri eziselwandle zikwasetwa ngokokubona komamkeli (ngaphakathi komgangatho obekiweyo yiprojekthi yomthengi). Indawo ye Indawo yendlu yendlu iphantse yaphindwe kabini njengeendawo ezimbalwa (kuba azikho iipaseji kunye nezinye iindawo ezincedisayo). Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse naliphi na iprojekthi inesithintelo sokuthintela, kuba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa indawo yokuhlala kuphela yinxalenye yegumbi eliza kulunga. Kunzima ukuvumelana ngeprojekthi enjalo, kwaye iiakhawunti zoncedo lombane ziya kuba zinkulu nje.

Ukuba uxhomekeke kwi-Avos, ngaphandle kokukhupha ukutshata, emva koko "umnini wenkululeko" okanye umnini-ndawo onolwazi ngenkululeko onokutshutshiswa ngumthetho, ngakumbi ukuba ulungelelwaniso luya konakala, lube lubhekisa phambili, ubomi kunye nempilo yabamelwane.

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Umnini wendlu, ukuphinda afumaneke ngendlela ebekiweyo (okanye yenziwe ngokuphulwa kweemfuno), inoxanduva ngokungqinelana nemilinganiselo yemithetho. Ukongeza, unyanzelekile ukuba azise igumbi kwiLizwe langaphambili (Phambi kokuba kulungelelaniswe) okanye ulungelelanise umsebenzi owenziweyo

Induli inomxholo onelungelo lokufuna ukuba indlu ibe kwimeko, ilungiselelwe kwisicwangciso se-BTI. Ukuba ngexesha loviwo (ibiza nexesha elide) kuya kungqinwa ukuba indawo yokuphumla ayizibandakanyi zonke izoyikiso, inkundla inokuvumela ukuba ishiye indawo yokuhlala kunye (okanye). Nangona kunjalo, kwangethuba ukubona kwangaphambili iziphumo zokuqwalaselwa kwetyala kunzima kakhulu, kwaye ulungiselelo lwenkundla luya kunikela inkathazo enkulu.

Njengabaphuhlisi bakholelwa, namhlanje, xa bethenga indlu ngesakhiwo esitsha esiqhelekileyo, kungcono ukukhetha esele icwangcisiwe kwaye igqitywe ngokupheleleyo izindlu, ifumene incwadana yokundwendwela, ehonjiswe kuyo yonke imigaqo ye-BTI. Ukuba ukulungele ukuchitha kwaye ufuna ukwenza ubume bokuqala, banikezele kakhulu. Cela ikopi yesicwangciso somgangatho ukusuka kumphuhli, nxibelelana nomyili wakho, landela ukubalwa kwale projekthi. OKANYE Khetha Indlu apho ubume obuqhelekileyo abunikwanga, kwaye igumbi ngalinye liyakhiwa ngokuthathela ingqalelo iminqweno yomthengi-kukho izindululo kwintengiso yentengiso yendawo yokuhlala.

Sifumana amaxwebhu

Uphuhliso lweProjekthi, uhlolo lwendawo, ukuzoba isiphelo sobuchwephesha malunga nenqanaba lezakhiwo kunye nokubakho kokutshata ngokutsha, ukufumana ukugqitywa kweprojekthi kwixabiso elithatha ubuncinci iinyanga ezingama-2-3. Ukongeza kule projekthi, uyakufuna ikopi yencwadana yokundwendwela, ingxelo malunga nolungelelwaniso lolungelelwaniso kunye nokuphucula ngokutsha, ikopi yamaxwebhu afanelekileyo endlu yokuhlala, imvume ebhaliweyo ye abanini.

Ukufumene isisombululo se-hilt scope, unokuqhubeka nokumiliselwa kweprojekthi. Emva kokuba wonke umsebenzi ugqityiwe, kuyafuneka ukungqina ukuphela kokuphela kokuphela kokuphinda-phinda ukwenziwa kwenduli (ukufunyanwa kwemisebenzi efihliweyo kwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-BTI, emva koko ufumane isatifikethi se ubunini bendlu ngesicwangciso somntu ngamnye. Iphepha leencwadi liya kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezimbini.

Ngenxa yobunzima, abaphuhlisi bakulungele ukushiya ucwangciso lwasimahla kwaye banikele kubathengi ukhetho oluziindlela ezininzi ukulungiselela ukulungelwa kunye nokuvunywa kwamagumbi elinye.

Cinga akunakuvalwa

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Siza kukhumbuza abafundi bethu, izinto ezenziwayo ngokutsha kwezakhiwo zokuhlala azidingi ukuba zifumane imvume, yeyiphi imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba ilungelelanise iingcali ezisemgangathweni, kwaye kuyingozi Abahlali bokwakha.

Imvume ayizukudingeka ukuba ucwangcisa:

• Yenza indawo ye-cosmetic, kubandakanya ukutshintsha impahla yokugcina iindonga, imigangatho, iziqwenga, izinto ezingaphandle zomibini ngaphandle kwephethini yendlela kunye nemibala;
• ukwakha okanye ukuthoba ifanitshala eyakhelwe-kwi-intanethi (iikhabhathi, iMezzinine), engabenzi amagumbi azimeleyo (le ndawo ayixhomekeki kwi-Accounting yobugcisa);
• Buyisela (ngaphandle kwemvume) Izixhobo zobunjineli ezifana neparamitha kunye nefowuni yobugcisa;
• Susa isitovu sombane sekhaya ngaphakathi kwigumbi lekhitshi;
• Intaba i-ofisi yezobuchwephesha bangaphandle (i-eriyali, iigridi ezikhuselayo kunye neendlela zomoya) kumacandelo ezakhiwo zendlu;
• Faka imithetho yokuzilawula okanye iminyango ye-carousel kunye nemiboniso yeendawo ezikhanyayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubungakanani bendawo;
• Guqula izixhobo kwaye utshintshe iplastiki yezakhiwo zangaphandle, iibhalkhoni kunye nebogiaia;
• Ukufudumeza ngokutsha (isifuba) kunye nezixhobo zegesi (ngelixa kufakelwa kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwezixhobo zegesi
• ngokubeka iinethiwekhi zoncedo ezongezelelweyo azivumelekanga);
• Faka endaweni yemisebenzi esemazini ye-foude yesakhiwo (ngotshintsho ekuzonwabiseni).

Le misebenzi ilandelayo inokwenziwa, kwaye ikhuphe imvume (ngomyalelo olula, wesaziso):

• Iphinde iphinde iphinde iqashise izixhobo ze-plubing ngaphakathi kwigumbi lezindlu zangasese, igumbi lokuhlambela, ikhitshi;
• ukuvala iminyango kwizihlulo ezingafunekiyo;
• I-Loggias egqatswa kunye neebhalconies kwiiprojekthi eziqhelekileyo;
• Susa i-tambra okanye utshintshe ifom yabo ngaphandle kokunyusa ubungakanani bangaphandle;
• Phantsi kwezihluzo zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokunyusa imithwalo egqithileyo;
• Ukuqaqamba (ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye) ulwahlulo olungapheliyo (ngaphandle kwe-invercounty);
• Yenza loops kwizizwe ezingafunekiyo (ngaphandle kwe-thercouc).
• Le projekthi inokwenziwa ngolu hlobo lomsebenzi oluchaphazela izakhiwo ezixhasayo, unxibelelwano ngokubanzi lonxibelelwano, akakhankanywa kwezintlu ezimbini zangaphambili.

Ithintelwe ngokungqongqo:

• inkulu imiqathango yokusebenza kweNdlu, indawo yokuhlala yabemi, kubandakanya nobunzima bokunxibelelana ngobunjineli, izixhobo zokuhambisa, njl.;
• Amagumbi okuphindaphindo okanye amagumbi ahambelana nayo, ukuba emva kokwenza umsebenzi abaya kuba bengafanelekanga ukuba baphile;
• phazamisa amandla kunye nokuzinza kweendlela ezixhasayo zesakhiwo, yiyo ukuba kutheni le nto inokuthi iwele.
• Ukufaka i-fidation Distracting okanye ukulawula izixhobo ngokubanzi (jikelele ze-welder), ukuba uzisebenzisa kunokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kumagumbi ahambelana nawo;
• ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa icandelo lecandelo lendlela yokufihlakeleyo yendalo;
• Ukonyusa umthwalo kwizakhiwo ezixhasayo malunga nokuvumelana kwiprojekthi (ubalo lwamandla okubambisa, ngokweengxaki) xa usebenzisa i-cressies, endaweni yokufaka indawo
• ukusuka kwimiphunga kwimibutho yezixhobo ezinzima,
• kunye nendawo eyongezelelweyo;
• Dlulisa i-radiator ye-rabiator exhunyelwe kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ngokubanzi okanye ukufudumeza okuphakathi, kwiLoggia, kwi-balconies kunye neVeranda;
• Nyusa umgubo oshushu kwiinkqubo zeenjongo ezigwenxa zamanzi ashushu kunye nokufudumeza;
• ukwaphula iimfuno zokwakha, ukucoceka kunye nezococeko, zokusebenza kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo kwizakhiwo zegumbi;
• Yakha i-PRESS, nqumle i-niches, imingxunya ye-punch
• Kwiindonga zePylons, iindonga zedayiphragm kunye neekholamu (ii-racks, iintsika), nakwiindawo zokunxibelelana phakathi kwezinto ezazimiselwe kwangaphambili;
• Cwangcisa izogoso kwimigca ethe tyaba kwaye phantsi kwephaneli yodonga engaphakathi, kunye nakwiiphaneli zodonga kunye neepleyiti zokugqobhoza ukubeka i-wiring yombane, i-piholine ye-piholine (kwizindlu eziqhelekileyo);
• vala i-loggias kunye neethayile kwisibini nangaphezulu somgangatho;
• ukwakha kwakhona kunye (okanye) (okanye) ikhulule i-attic, umgangatho wobuchwephesha wepropathi yendawo yendawo yendawo;
• Yenza umsebenzi wokuhambisa kwakhona okanye ukuphakanyiswa ngokutsha
• Kwizakhiwo ezamkelwe yi-toveri kaxakeka;
• Yenza umsebenzi ochaphazela ukubonakala kwenkalo, kubandakanya neefestile zeMannard, kunye notshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala (yeendawo zenkcubeko);
• Cwangcisa abapapashi phakathi kwamagumbi okuhlala kunye neekhitshi ezixeliweyo ngaphandle komnyango wokuvala ngokuqinileyo;
• Dibanisa igumbi elinedrafti kunye nendawo yokuhlala.