Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba ekuhlanjululeni kwendlu ehleliweyo okanye engxamisekileyo, ukwahlulwa kwepropathi ngexesha loqhawulo-mtshato, ukwabiwa kwesabelo sepropathi yelifa kunye namanye amatyala okubalwa yindawo yokuhlala, ebeka ungumhlali ngamnye yegumbi. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abantu abazi ukuba kukho imigangatho eliqela kwimithetho yezindlu.
Kwimigaqo yezindlu, ezona zincinci zokugweba isebenza ngamalungelo alinganayo, iqondo lokubonelela kunye nenqanaba lokuphendula.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Ikamva ekhaya
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ekhaya esiphila kuwo, sinomdla. IKhomishini yeNdawo, eyenziwe kwi-Ofisi kaRhulumente, iOdolophu okanye i-Sodolophu kaSodolophu okanye i-Stosor Storeucation, ichaze imeko yeNdlu kwaye ithathe isigqibo, ifanelekile ukuba isebenze kwakhona isakhiwo okanye siphantsi kwesidima. Kuya kufuneka ababambili kuya kufuneka balungiselele ukuhamba, ukuba bayalingisa okanye ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwendlu kuyeza; Izixhobo zokusebenza kwakhona zesakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ezingafanelekanga ukuba zihlale, kwindawo engahlali; Ukudilizwa kwesakhiwo esingxamisekileyo okanye ukudiliza kwiinkqubo zezindlu zasedolophini; Ukuhlala icebo lomhlaba okanye iimfuno zikamasipala ngeenjongo zolwakhiwo olutsha kunye nophuhliso lwemimandla.
Indlu inokubonwa nge-Nqila-kungxamiseko ngenxa yendawo (ibekwe kwindawo yemida yomhlaba, ihamba ihamba, i-Avalanche); Xa isebenza isiseko, iindonga, izakhiwo ezixhasayo zesakhiwo ngezizathu zendalo (i-ifutha) okanye ngenxa yomlilo, ingozi, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, inyikima, Xa izinto zilungisiwe, zichaphazela kakubi ubomi babantu (umzekelo, inqanaba lengxolo ngexesha lemini lingaphezulu kwe-55 db, kwaye ebusuku - i-45 dB), engakwazi ukupheliswa kwezisombululo zobunjineli kunye nezisombululo zoyilo.
Ukuqwalasela umba wokwamkelwa kwendlu engafanelekanga ukuba uphile, iKhomishini ithatha isigqibo sokudilizwa okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesakhiwo, kwaye ichaza iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, ixesha kunye nenkqubo yokwahlula-hlulwa kwabahlali. Emva koko abaphathi beedolophu kufuneka bafumane indawo entsha yabo okanye basebenzise amagumbi kwindlu encomekayo.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Ngokudiliza indlu, umniniyo uya kubonelela ngokulinganayo kwindawo kunye nenani lamagumbi endlu; Umnini wesabelo akanalungelo lokufuna ukuba kufuna indawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo indlu. Ngumdla omkhulu kuphela ekuhlaliseni kwakhona, umphuhlisi unokuya kudibana nabo abahlali
Izindlu zethutyana
Udidi lwezindlu ezizodwa zibandakanya: Ingxowa-mali ethengisayo; amagumbi enkonzo; Amagumbi okanye amagumbi kwiihostele; Indawo yokuhlala kwiindawo zenkqubo yenkonzo yeNtlalontle; Isiseko sokuhlala okwethutyana thina abantu abafudukele ngaphakathi kunye nababaleki; Amagumbi abemi abangatshatanga ekuhlaleni (abantwana abakhubazekileyo, iinkedama).Elona xabiso liphantsi lococeko yeyona ndawo inobunzima obufanelekileyo apho unokuphila khona impilo. Ubugcisa. I-105 ne-106 yeKhowudi yezindlu ye-Russian Federation yaseSerderation iseke imigangatho yeehostele kunye neNgxowa-mali eBine-6 M2 umntu ngamnye.
Amagumbi kunye namagumbi akwihostele kubonelelwe ngexesha lokufunda eyunivesithi, inkonzo yekhontrakthi, uhambo lwamashishini, njl.
Ingxowa-mali ebukhali ngamagumbi asimahla kwindawo yethutyana emntwini wamagunya oomasipala. Izizathu zokwabelana ngezindlu kwiNgxowa-mali ye-SANICEFICT zimiselwe bubugcisa. 92, 99-103 Ikhowudi yezindlu ye-Russian Federation. Dwelisa:
- Ukuba indlu ithathiwe sisivumelwano sokuqeshwa kwezentlalo sikwiNdlu ophantsi kolwakhiwo ngokutsha okanye i-overthaul (abanini bamagumbi abenziweyo kwindlu ebiyelwe umhlaba);
- Ukuba izindlu zilahlekile ngenxa yemeko yendalo okanye yendoda eyenziwe ngumntu (eyenziwe ngumntu (umkhukula, isaqhwithi, ukuwa kwenqwelomoya);
- Ukuba igumbi, le kuphela kwezindlu, ezathengwa ngetyala, kodwa umniniyo akakwazi ukuhlawula ityala. Kule meko, i-akhawunti yebhanki iyayisebenzisa, kwaye urhulumente ngexesha lokuthengisa unokubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala kwiNgxowa-mali ye-SANI;
- Emva kokufumana imeko esemthethweni yokusweleka kwemali enyanzelisiweyo, imbacu, njl.
Izindlu ezivela kwiNgxowa-mali ye-Maneund zinikezelwa kwisivumelwano sexesha lexesha elifutshane lengqesho, ukuba ukulungiswa kweNdlu akukagqitywa, kwaye ixesha lekhontrakthi liphelelwe lixesha. Kwangelo xesha, indawo yokuhlala yethutyana ayinakuthelekisa nendawo ehlaziyiweyo.
Izindlu zeNgxowa-mali yeManenual zibonakale ngokungqongqo ngokulandelelana kwaye kuphela ukuba kukho iimeko ezaneleyo eziqinisekiswe ngamaxwebhu.
Ukuba indlu ayithobelanga imigangatho, umnini ufaka isicelo sokuphucula iimeko kufuneka abe zizindlu ezilinye kuphela. Nokuba unesisabelo esezantsi kwenye indawo, umniniyo akasayi kubeka izindlu
Umqeshi womqeshi
Ukusebenzisa indlu phantsi kwesivumelwano sokuqeshwa kwezentlalo kufuneka sinike elinye igumbi lokukhululeka kwindawo yokuhlala yeSixeko, kodwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala yangaphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha i-semicondtuctor inokuvota ukufunyanwa kwepropathi okanye yokwakha indlu.Izinga lolungiselelo lelona xabiso lisekwe ngabasemagunyeni bengingqi, kwisiseko sendawo yezindlu ebonelelwe phantsi kwemvumelwano yentlalo ibalwa (i-ART. 50 yeKhowudi yezindlu ye-Russian Federation). Yahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwiqondo eliphantsi lesonka. Le migangatho isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho sithetha ngokwabiwa kwendlu yokuhlala, emkhosini, abagwebi, abaphandi, amagqala.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abasemagunyeni banelungelo lokubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala ngobukhulu obunezinto ezimiselweyo ngokwemilinganiselo. Nangona kunjalo, indawo iyonke yendlu ingenakuba ingaphezulu kakhulu ukuba ingaphezulu komgangatho. Ngenxa yoko, eMoscow noSarara, i-18 m2 kuthathwa njengomntu omnye, eYaroslavl - 17 M2, naseSaratov - 16 m2 yendawo yokuhlala. Kwangelo xesha, indawo yonke ayifanelanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe-33 m2. Abaqeshi ababini banelungelo lokufaka ibango le-42 M2, kunye nelungu ngalinye losapho kubantu abathathu okanye ngaphezulu abantu baxhomekeke ubuncinci be-18 m2 yendawo iyonke yendawo yokuhlala. Ukuba umqeshi kunye namalungu osapho lwakhe ngaphambi kokugxothwa afumana indawo eyahlukileyo okanye ngaphezulu kwegumbi elinye kwindlu yoluntu, emva koko banelungelo lokufuna izindlu ezilinganayo.
Ilungelo lezikwere ezongeziweyo abanini beenzululwazi, iidigri, amabhaso, abantu abakhubazekileyo. IZimilo eziKhethekileyo zibonelelwa emkhosini-ngokomthetho womdibaniso "kwimo yemeko yasemkhosini", zenziwe ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-25 m2 kunye neli-18 m2 kunye nelungu ngalinye losapho.
Eminye imithetho yengingqi, umzekelo, isiqendu 6 se-ART. 20 Lo mthetho "ekuqinisekiseni ilungelo labahlali beSixeko saseMoscow kwizakhiwo zokuhlala", ukumisela imilinganiselo yendawo ngesiseko senqanaba kunye nesini sabahlali. Ke, usapho lwamaqabane anelungelo lokufaka ibango legumbi elinye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-44 m2. Ukuba usapho lubandakanya amaqabane kunye nomnye umntu, indawo yokuhlala inyusa ukuya kwi-62 M2, kwaye amagumbi kufuneka okungenani abe zimbini. Xa intsapho iququzelela abemi ababini abangabatshati (umzekelo, umzali nomntwana), baxhomekeke kwigumbi lokulala ezimbini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 m2. Kwilungu elinye losapho lwabantu abane eyabelwe i-18 m2, ngelixa indawo yokuhlala inokunyuswa ingabi ngaphezu kwe-9 m2.
Imeko yesiqhelo yezentlalo isetyenziselwa ukumisela uncedo lwezezimali kummi xa uhlawula izindlu kunye neenkonzo zezinto. Ingingqi, kunye nabaphathi bakaMasipala, uninzi luhlala luzalisa imigangatho yabo engezantsi kwenqanaba lezemibumo.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Abanini bamagumbi
Abahlali bezindlu ezidiliza kufuneka banikezele ngezindlu ezifanayo okanye imbuyekezo efanelekileyo yokwenyama. Abaqeshi abangenayo igumbi, kodwa bayisebenzisa kwisiseko sekhontrakthi, imigangatho yendawo yokuphila isekwe. Kwaye ngoluphi ukhetho olunokubangela ubunini bomhlaba?Ngokuhambelana noMthetho, umniniyo kufuneka anikele kwigumbi elitsha kwingingqi ahlala kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho okwahlukileyo kulo mthetho. Ukuba izindlu zabelwe umyalelo wexesha elizayo (umzekelo, ngenxa yentlekele yemvelo), abasemagunyeni besi sixeko banelungelo lokukhetha indawo yokuhlala. Oku kuyasebenza nokuhlaliswa kwezindlu kule ndawo, nto leyo, ngenxa yeempawu zembali, ezicwangcisiweyo, azinazo iingingqi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinye iingingqi zendawo yokuhlala kwizakhiwo ezikwindawo efumaneka kwizakhiwo ezikwindawo efumaneka kwizakhiwo ezikwindawo ehlala kuyo kwisithili solawulo . Ukongeza, umniniyo unelungelo lokubuza abasemagunyeni besixeko ukuba batshintshe indawo yokuhlala.
Ukuba, ngokudiliza indlu, usapho aluzange lungabi yindawo enye, kwaye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, emva koko zinokubakho kuphela kuzo, nangaphaya kwemida yazo kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, iintsapho ezinkulu ezinabantwana abancinci zinyanzelekile ukuba zibalule indawo yokuhlala kwindawo enye.
Umnini unethuba lokukhetha enye yeendlela ezibonelelwa ngabasemagunyeni eSixeko, kodwa alinalungelo lokufuna igumbi kwidilesi ethile, kwindlu ethile, kumgangatho othile wakhe okanye ngenani elithile lamagumbi. Ukuba umnini akafuni kufika kwigumbi, kunye nethemba lokufumana imbuyekezo, kufuneka inyangwe engqondweni ukuba intlawulo inikezelwa kuphela kwifom engeyoyo. Kwangelo xesha, inani lembuyekezo limiselwa kwisiseko sovavanyo oluzimeleyo (njengexabiso eliphakathi phakathi kwexabiso lentengiso kunye nexabiso le-BTI). Ukongeza, isixa eso kufuneka sichithwe ekuthengweni kwendlu (ukuba ayikho enye indawo).
Ixabiso lentlawulelo lezindlu liya kuhlawulwa kumnini-ndlu, kodwa kuphela ukuba ingumnikazi womhlaba apho isakhiwo sikhona, kwaye amaxwebhu epropathi ahonjiswe ngendlela emiselweyo. Ixabiso lentlawulelo limiselwa kwisiseko sexabiso lentengiso leNdlu kunye nentetho yemali yomonakalo obangelwe ngumnini-mali (imbuyekezo).
Indlu yendlu ingaba yabucala emva kwesigqibo sokudilizwa kweNdlu, kodwa ukubhalisa umqeshi omtsha kuvunyelwe ngemvume yeGunya, ukuba imigangatho yendawo ayizange iphulwe
Faka isicelo se
Umhlali ngamnye wendlu egudileyo okanye engxamisekileyo ixhomekeke kwi-6 m² kwigumbi elinikezelwe okwethutyana okanye ihostele-kunjalo, ukuba uMasipala unokukwazi ukwaba. Kananjalo abaqashiyo banokuya eflethini, indawo eya kuthi igqitywe yimigangatho kamasipala (mhlawumbi ibeka ngaphantsi, kodwa ingaphantsi kwe-10 m2 yomntu ngamnye).Kukho omnye umgangatho, kwisiseko sesigqibo senziwe ukuba ilungelo linelungelo lokufaka isicelo sophuculo lweemeko zezindlu. Isiseko se-Akhawuntingi sisetyenziselwa ukuba ukwandiswa kosapho kuyanda (umzekelo, ekuzalweni okanye ekuzalweni komntwana) kwaye, ngenxa yoko, le ndawo yenzeka kwindlu nganye efulethini. Ukongeza, imilinganiselo yeentsapho ithathiwe, elinye lawo anesifo esithile kwizifo ezinganyangekiyo (uluhlu lwazo lufumaneka ngumthetho). Kwangelo xesha, igumbi elikhethekileyo lesiguli longezwa kwi-dorm.
Ngamanye amaxesha indawo yegumbi lotshintsho ngenxa yolungiso olukhulu okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweNdlu, ukuxhasa ukususwa okwethutyana kwabaqeshi. Kule meko, usapho oluhlala kwigumbi okanye kwigumbi phantsi kwemiqathango yokuqesha, ukuqesha intlalontle, ukusebenzisa, ukuba le ndawo ihambelana nomgaqo we-akhawunti.
Ngokwesiqhelo, iqondo lokufundisa le-accounting liyasebenza kubaqeshi bendawo yelizwe okanye yezindlu zikamasipala, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kumabanini ahlaziyiweyo bamagumbi abenziweyo. Ke ngoko, umgangatho wokubala indawo isetyenziswa ukuba indlu ayisebenzi kwi-Nqila kwiNgxaki kaNoqizelelo, kodwa kufuneka ichithwe okanye iphinde yakhiwe, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamakhaya ezemidlalo phambi kobuntshatsheli behlabathi.
Izinga lokuphendula limiselwa ngumthetho wengingqi. Umzekelo, eMoscow, yi-10 m2, eKhabarovsk kunye ne-Yaroslavl - 12 m2, e-Sara-14 M2.
Ukuba umnini okanye umqeshi wamkelwe njengoko ufuna izindlu ezintsha, ubhalisile (kumgca okhethekileyo). Ixesha lendlu lixhomekeke kwixesha lokubhena kulawulo, ukufumaneka kweSixeko seZizwe, kunye nokusuka kwimeko yokulinda (eyahlukeneyo ijongana nale ndlela yokufumana indawo yabasebenzi, iintsapho ezinkulu, amagqala , njl.). Kumatyala akhethekileyo, igumbi linokunikwa ngaphandle komgca okanye kwi-odolo engaqhelekanga, masithi sitsho iinkedama. Uninzi lwezindlu zihlala zabelwe ngendlela efanayo nesiseko sesigqibo senkundla.
Nceda uqaphele: Ukuba uyayibeka ngakumbi iimeko zakho zokuhlala okanye unenye indlu, emva koko kuya kubakho iimitha ezongezelelweyo. Kwaye ngaphezulu: abasemagunyeni beqwalasele zonke iimeko zobhaliso lomtshato ezinxulumene nokufika kwabanini-ntsapho (ukufaka isicelo ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo eyongezelelweyo, umzekelo, xa kusenziwa intsimi yendawo yokuhlala.
Suntela
Ukuba akukho nanye yeendlela zokukhetha ezicwangcisiweyo, umniniyo unokufaka isicelo seMbuyekezo okanye kwixabiso lentlawulelo lendlu (umniniyo akasuswanga kwiakhawunti ukuba kufuneka aphucule iimeko zezindlu). Funa intlawulo eyongeziweyo yomahluko kwiindleko zamagumbi anamkeli. Abasemagunyeni abanalungelo, ngaphandle kokuba umnini wavakalisa umnqweno wokwandisa ubungakanani bendleko zakhe. Kuya kuthatha ingxelo malunga neenjongo, kungenjalo kuyavuma ukuba umniniyo akahlawuleli indawo yokuhlala eyongezelelweyo, kodwa anika isinyobo kumagosa.