Nawuphi na umgangatho wawo okanye kamva ufikelele kwi-vey, kwaye ke kufuneka itshintshwe. Kodwa ukubeka izinto ezintsha kwabadala, isiseko sakudala asifanelekanga, kuba kwakwixesha elinye elibonakalayo livela ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-creak kwaye kungekudala kufuneka iqale ukulungisa kwakhona. Ungayibuyisela njani umgangatho osisiseko?
Idrafti yomgangatho isebenzela ukupakisha ngaphezulu, inoxanduva lokukhuphela isandi sendawo elandelayo, kwaye umsebenzi wokufaka ubushushu wenziwa kumgangatho wokuqala nakwizakhiwo ezifudumeleyo kwabathengi.
Ifoto: KNauf.
Xa ilungisa "abacebisi", phantse kusoloko kusoloko kubuyisa okanye ukwakha kwakhona umgangatho wedrafti. Ekuqaleni, lo msebenzi kulula, kuba akukho kukungabikho kwezixhobo kwimarike, kwaye iifemu ezininzi zinika izisombululo ezilungiselelwe, njengokuphazanyiswa kweqela. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha yingxaki ukwenza ukhetho, kuba kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo imeko yokugqobhoza, imithwalo yokusebenza, ukuphakama kokuhlala, iimfaneleko zabakhi, uhlobo lwezinto ezikhathazayo kunye nezinye izinto. Kwaye, ngaphandle kokuqala komsebenzi, kufuneka ukuba ufumane imvume kubaphathi bezindlu ukuze batshintshe uyilo lomgangatho. Nendlu endala, kokukhona kunzima ukulungisa ukulungiswa.
Ifoto: "IParquet Hall"
Uninzi lwezindlu zakudala zinebhodi enkulu, ikhaka okanye i-parquet
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Xa kulungiswa, umgangatho otyhafileyo ususwa kunye nenkxaso-mali, nyusa umgangatho omtsha wedya kwaye ubekwe, umzekelo, ibhodi ye-parquet
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Iilegs aziqinisekanga kunesanti-sisanti sesanti, kodwa isiseko somthi singaphantsi, sikhuliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula ukulungiswa
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa zilungiswa umgangatho
- Ukuzama kwinqanaba lenqanaba lokugqobhoza i-suble theiters (Plywood 4 mm ingu-mm, i-fibrearboard, ibhodi yekhadibhodi, njl njl). Ubusuku bonke baya kuba nakho ukufihla ixesha nje elifutshane.
- I-Lag ye-LOG engafakwanga iye kwisiseko, ukusetyenziswa kwemigca yokulungelelanisa imigca yefutshane.
- Ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwezinto zokwenza amanzi, njengokubeka ngaphezulu kweleg kunye nokufakwa kwefilimu yePolythyenene ephazamisa i-Exrature yokufuma kwi-strata yesakhiwo.
- Ukuthulula amanzi emanzini kwindlu ene-onlapidid parlap okanye ngaphandle kwe-hydraulic school.
- Ukubeka amatyala ngaphandle kwengubo engafakwanga-yesanti. Ukuba ukulungiswa kufuneka kugqitywe ngexesha nje nje elifutshane, amanqanaba okomisa ngokukhawuleza kufuneka akhethwe - i-ventoit 6000 (Vebre..
Kwi "Stolinky"
Kwizakhiwo zezakhiwo zeminyaka yee-1930s. I-Overlap ikakhulu i-beam (ukusuka kwibar ye-150 × 200 mm okanye ngaphezulu). I-QAKKS icwangciswe iBhodi yeBhodi (ukusuka kwicala legumbi elisezantsi, ifakwe ecaleni kwe-Duranka), i-duranroid ifakwe kwaye igqunywe entlabathini okanye i-slag. Emihlafu, ukulungelelanisa izilayidi, kuzo, ezivela kuzo iiplanga ngobukhulu beemitha ezingama-40, zisebenzela isiseko separquet. Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe yasemva kweMfazwe, iQonga leQherimu leTherithi le-T-Deped ye-T-Reped Premet rhoqo, kwaye iipleyiti zekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi zihlala iipleyiti ezivela kwithambeka kunye nokubuyela umva.
Xa umgangatho omtsha ufumaneka endlwini uneglasi, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uviwo lwangaphambili. Lo msebenzi unelungelo lokuqhutywa kwemibutho yolwakhiwo enelayisensi yokugcina inkcubeko yenkcubeko kunye / okanye isiqinisekiso sokwamkelwa kwe-SRO. Ekupheleni koviwo, kufuneka wenze isigqibo apho ubalo lwentsebenzo yokugqobhoza iya kuboniswa (okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle)), izigqibo, kwaye ubonise iindlela zokwakha. Kwisininzi esigqithisileyo samatyala, ukongeza umthwalo imiqadi ayivumelekanga; Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokwakha ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa komlilo ovulekileyo, ii-cuscon ezinqabileyo kunye nokugqobhoza iimpazamo ziyafuneka. Umzekelo, qwalasela esinye sezisombululo ezinokwenzeka.
Ukuguqula imigangatho, susa isanti, slag kunye negesi. Emva koko kwasasazeka kuyo yonke imiqadi yokufaka amanzi amanzi ukuze ikhuphe umqadi ngamnye kumacala amathathu. Kuyacaca ukusebenzisa iimveliso eziqinisekileyo nezihlala ezomeleleyo ngokusekwe kwi-cester yeglasi kunye ne-bitured bit-tud "," i-bikaplany ye-pherkep ", njl. Njl. . Izibonda zebhendi zipapashwe yi-mastic okanye (kwi-PVC) kwi-Weld ngomoya oshushu. I-Qucks ibekwe kwiiplates ezivela kuboya bezimbiwa, ezinjengamagqabi obukhanyayo, "i-Acoustic Busts" (i-Acoustic "(i-rocwool) okanye" i "i-goover-goben") ubukhulu obuvela kwi-80 mm. Izinto zokwenza ubushushu ziya kugutyungelwa ngumlinganiso we-vapoor-fallroofproo film-fitsul of to Company, umzekelo, uTyvek (Dupont), "ETechnikol"), njl.
Izibane ezintsha zinokwenziwa ngemivalo eyomileyo enecandelo lama-50 × 70 mm nangaphezulu; Iimveliso zeAluminiyam ziya kubiza i-odolo yobukhulu obuqhelekileyo (ukusuka kwi-ruble engama-260 ye-ruble ye-1 p), kodwa iya kuvumela ukwandisa ubungqola boyilo-umgangatho uya kuba mncinci kwimithwalo kwaye utshatile xa uhamba. Izizwe zinyuka ngenyathelo elingaphezulu kwe-500 mm, ukulungelelaniswa ngokucocekileyo imitshato ephindwe kabini - iplastiki ephindwe kabini ilungele le njongo.
Ukuba icwangcisiwe ukusebenzisa i-lamite, ibhodi yeqela leParquet, i-parquet ye-cerquet okanye i-ceramic ye-ceile yokuphela kwe-varing, ngaphezulu kwe-lag yanelisekile kwi-16 mm ukusuka kwenye, kwaye ilunge ngakumbi kunezinye iindawo ze I-Plywood ye-phlywood. Kwangelo xesha, phakathi kwamashiti, kunye nokujikeleza i-perimeter, kuyimfuneko ukushiya imbuyekezo ye-4-6 mm.
Umgangatho phantsi kwekhaphethi okanye i-linoleum kufuneka yenziwe kwi-pipboard ye-pipboard enganyangekiyo (idesika ekhawulezayo kunye ne-analog yayo); I-Lags kule meko ihlala rhoqo-ngenyathelo elingaphezulu kwe-400 mm, kwaye imvume ejikeleze i-perimeter ikhwelisiwe i-10 mm (ipleyiti ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-GEE-i-GE, i-polyurethane).
Ibhodi enkulu enobungqingqwa eyi-35 mm inokulungiswa ngqo kwii-lags, ukugcina kakhulu kumgangatho wesixhobo.
Ifoto: Iqela le-Brozex, Saint-Gobain Weeber, Daüer, Knauf
Ulungelelwaniso lomgangatho kunye nomaleko omncinci wento ekhawulezileyo ekhawulezayo ifuna ubungcali. Imixube eyomileyo yolungelelwaniso olusisiseko kukuvumela ukuba ufezekise ikhonkrithi ephezulu kakhulu
Ukuthintela ukungqubana nabamelwane, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubeke endaweni yoyilo lomgangatho wokulungisa
Ukulungisa i-tie.
Kwigumbi elithengiweyo kwintengiso yezindlu zesekondari, phantsi komgangatho unokufunyanwa yikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi eyenziwe ngexesha lokulungiswa kwangaphambili. Rhoqo, umgangatho wayo unamagqabi kakhulu ukuba unqwenele okanye umtshato ompela. Susa uyilo olunzima lunzima kwaye lubiza kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba luqiniswe yigridi. Kuya kufuneka ulungise iziphene. Imizobo iyandiswa, emva koko igalelwe nge-polymeric okanye i-cement-polymer-polymer ye-polymer. Kwiindawo iimpazamo ezinzulu ngakumbi, i-scred kufuneka yomelezwe yi-anhloral spiral spiral spiral. Ukuba iindonga zekhonkrithi zisemva komgangatho (ezenzeka ngokungachanekanga), imingxunya iyadinwa kwaye igcinwe kwilungisa. I-prothere igudileyo i-plaque yesamente, njenge-vetotit 4100 (i-webetonit) okanye "i-rizine" ("i-Unicer" yomxube wokuzimela owenzekileyo.
Ifoto: I-Saint-Gobain Weber
Ukulungiselela ukuxhobisa i-scred esisiseko, umxube, umxube usasazwa ngaphezulu komphezulu (a), qengqeleka umgaqo (b) kunye nomphazo (b). Ivumelekile ukuba ibonakalise iintambo kwimikhono yokukhusela, kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi.
Kwi "Khrushchevcka"
Kwizitena, ipaneli kwaye ibhlokho izakhiwo ezinemigangatho emihlanu eyakhiwe ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960s ye-1960s, kwaye i-oglaps yenziwa ngamaplanga aqinileyo aqingqiweyo nge-fastfill. Ezona ndawo ziphambili zekhekhe zomgangatho zahlulwe yiRubberoid okanye i-Pergamine.Emva kokuqhekeza isiseko sakudala, kunokwenzeka ukugcina okungaphezulu kwempahla yokugcina amanzi, lalela amalaphu amatsha kwaye wagalela indawo ephakathi kwe-Clay ye-Clay (i-DB). Izisombululo ezinoluvo ziza kufuneka zidityaniswe kwikhonkrithi yeasiwayo, eziya kuthi zenze buthathaka ngaphezulu.
Enye into (ethandwa kakhulu) yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwesixhobo seqela elomileyo, umzekelo, kwisiseko seenkqubo ezigqibeleleyo zenkampani iKnauf - i-op ye-fussul firsis ( okanye yenziwe kwi-GVL yezinto ezimfutshane zomgangatho), kunye nokubeka izinto zokutywina. Ubuncinci bobukhulu bokuqaqamba okunjalo ngama-40 mm. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lucima i-mocks yengxolo (inzuzo yesandi sokufakelwa kwesandi sesandi iya kuba yi-18 db), ubunzima obuncinci (ukusuka kwi-15 kg / M2) kwaye ivela kwi-ruble ye-600 I-M2 ithathe i-akhawunti yokufaka kwi-akhawunti). I-scred eyomileyo inokusebenza njengesiseko seyona moto ininzi, ngaphandle kweBhodi enkulu kunye neparaquet.
I-scred esomileyo ayinawo amandla amancinci kunokuba imanzi, kodwa iqaqambe kabini ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle, xa sisixhobo sokuvuza kule ndawo ilandelayo incinci
I-ties yokukhanya
Ngokulingani kakhulu ngaphezulu, ubukhulu obufunekayo bokuqaqamba bungaphezulu kwe-40 mm. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi ekhanyayo. Eyona nto ifikelelekayo yikhonkrithi ye-ceramnzi, ekungekho nzima ukulungiselela indawo usebenzisa i-compact tight. Ixabiso le-1 m 2 ye-ceramnite-ikhonkrithi ihlebekile kunye nobungqingqwa be-50 mm yi-ruble eyi-500-700. I-monolith evela kumxube ogqityiweyo kunye ne-filler yokukhanya (umzekelo, iseli ye-foam) iya kuxabisa amaxesha ama-2-2.5.
I-Forum Series Tries iphantse ibe sisiqingatha esisiqingatha sexesha, kodwa isisombululo kunzima ukuba silungiselele into, kuba izinto ezithile kunye / okanye izixhobo ziyafuneka. Kulula ukusebenzisa imixube eyomileyo kunye ne-polystrene foms crumb. Ikhonkrithi enjalo ithelekiswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphantse ayikwazi ukungcungcutheka.
Ifoto: I-Saint-Gobain Weber
Ulungelelwaniso lokugqibela luyafuneka ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukudinwa kwesisombululo se-lile akunakuba ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2. Ke ngoko, kunyanzelekile ukuba balungiselele umphezulu womsebenzi: Ukuchonga iplastiki ephezulu yenqanaba (a) kunye neplastiki yendawo ii-beacons (b). Isisombululo sisasazeke kakhulu ngaphezulu komphezulu (b), kodwa kufuneka "ukunceda" iRakel Scraper kwaye isuse iibhubhu ze-air nge-rollele yenaliti. Ugqitywe ungqimbaniso luyome ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezisixhenxe
KwiNdlu yePaneli ye-1970-90
Endlwini yonyuso (9-17), ezakhiwe ukusuka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, i-Overlap iqokelelwa kwi-Rive-emi kwi-Crimeter Pletrete Pletter i-220 mm. Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi inokuthi ikhutshwe ngaphezulu, kodwa rhoqo abakhayo babeke i-packer packer kwaye bafaka i-limoleum ngqo kwi-overlap, kuphela egumbini lokuphumla umahluko kwinqanaba.
Kwizakhiwo ezininzi ze-phairy zikwimeko eyoneleyo, ngoko ke ivumelekile ukulungiselela ukucwangciswa komgangatho womhlaba. Kodwa izibonda zeepleyiti azitywinwanga konke, ngaphandle, ikhonkrithi ibonisa ingxolo ngokugqibeleleyo, ke, ngaphambi kokugalela ikhaphethi "ye-Akuflex Super", "hydro "Kwaye i-ialasites ifanelekile.
Ukuba ubuninzi begatya lenqanaba le-Overlap yi-20 mm (oko kukuthi, ubukhulu obufunekayo bomgangatho wenqanaba yi-40 mm okanye ngaphantsi), ungqameko olusisiseko lunokwenziwa kwisisombululo sesanti ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwesanti ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwesanti ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwesanti ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwesanti. Kumagumbi emanzi, ayiyi kukuthintela ukongeza i-hydrophobic, umzekelo i-CC 92 (i-ceresit) okanye i ("SASI" Uhlobo).
Ngobukhulu obubaliweyo bokubamba ngaphezulu kwe-40 mm, ikhonkrithi ekhanyayo (yithi, ikhonkrithi ye-clamzite, ixilongo eliyi-1.5-1.7 amaxesha aphantsi kwe-SAND-ikhonkrithi) kunye nokuqiniswa kwegridi yendlela.
Kummandla omanzi kutshanje, obizwa ngokuba yi-semi-tie ye-semi-tie esenziwe ngesisombululo se-cement-sisanti yokuqinisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyproplene fibles. Ziyalukhuni ngokukhawuleza kwaye zomelele ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukulungelelanisa umxube we-vick, ke kuya kufuneka uphakamise imvumi engamanzi, njenge-vetoit 5000 (i-vente.ventot ) okanye i-CN 68 (i-ceresit), okanye ijikise umphezulu ngomatshini okhethekileyo.
Ifoto: "DNT"
Xa ufaka izilayidi, kubalulekile ukuba ulungelelanise ngokupheleleyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, uhlobo lwemida yeseti isetyenzisiwe, kunye nenkxaso eguqukayo - iplasitiki
Ifoto: "DNT"
Inkxaso ethe kratya
Ifoto: "DNT"
Uninzi lweengubo zanamhlanje zibekwe kwisiseko esomeleleyo esingekho nzima ukudala ngoncedo lwe-plywood
Ifoto: "DNT"
Iishishi
Ifoto: I-Deck Shukuma
Endaweni ye-plywood, i-suidare-i-chipboard ye-chipboard ivela kwi-16 mm - i-Kashned
Ifoto: I-Deck Shukuma
Inyikima amacala amade eepleyiti, ibonelelwe ngee-grooves kunye ne-crests, kufuneka ibekwe kwinkxaso (i-LG)
Ifoto: I-Deck Shukuma
I-chipboard ngaphandle kokukhathazeka
Ifoto: KNauf.
Xa ufaka isikhafu esomileyo, i-KNAF isasazeke kuqala kwifilimu ye-polymer kwaye ifakwe ecaleni kodonga lweteyiphu yomphetho, ephazamisa ingxolo yokuhambisa iindonga kunye nengxolo yesakhiwo
Ifoto: KNauf.
Ifoto: KNauf.
Emva koko, igreyitha enodongwe elilawulayo lingalalanga
Ifoto: KNauf.
Imigca ye-gravels enezibane kunye nomgaqo omde kunye nenqanaba le-bubble
Ifoto: KNauf.
Ngaphezulu kwe-backfills, isiseko esomeleleyo esivela kwifomathi ye-KNaok encinci okanye izinto ezikhethekileyo zomgangatho obekwe
Ifoto: KNauf.
Izihlahla zinesampulu ye-mastic kwaye isuse ubume be-Knauf-GW
Ifoto: "Isandi sesandi"
Ngokufanelekileyo, xa ufaka i-lag, faka uxinzelelo "umqamelo" kufuneka usetyenziswe, okuthintela ukusasazeka, kwaye kufanele kubekho izinto ezinomsindo phakathi kweelegs
Ifoto: "Isandi sesandi"
Ifoto: "Isandi sesandi"
Ifoto: "I-MANTTOM"
Iimimbila zoboya
Ifoto: "Intambo"
Iipaneli ezizilo
Ifoto: Texala.
Uqengqeleka
Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / I-Budadiedia
Iindleko zeparaqueet zibiza kakhulu ikakhulu ngenxa yesitayile esisongelayo. Isikhalo ngasinye kufuneka sibe senziwe kwi-plywood
Ifoto: "IParquet Hall"
Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / I-Budadiedia
Kungcono ukusebenzisa iingoma ezisekwe kwi-PROLREMR. Emva koko umphezulu ujika kabini
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Ropy engaphezulu eneoyile ekhethekileyo
Ifoto: Ii-kährs.
Isiseko esigudileyo neliqinileyo - eyona meko iphambili kwimbonakalo efihlakeleyo kunye nenkonzo ende yobomi bomgangatho womgangatho
| Uhlobo lwesiseko | IQela eliPhedi (Lags + Plywood okanye i-chipboard) | Ukuqokelelwa kweentyatyambo (igravel cull + gvlv okanye i-CSP) | I-scred i-scred |
| Amandla omphezulu | Phezulu, ihlala ingaphezulu kwe-20 MPA | Iphantsi, ngaphantsi kwe-20 MPA | Iphakathi okanye ephezulu, kodwa kuphela ngesicelo esifanelekileyo sophawu lokulungelelaniswa |
| Iphilile | Ukoneliseka | Kulungile (ngaphezulu kwe-15 db) nokuba nobuncinci be-40 mm | Eyanelisayo okanye elungileyo xa usebenzisa i-visteration elungisa |
| I-sub yokufakelwa | Yanelisa xa ugcwalisa indawo phakathi kwe-Basalt Cotton Lags | Ngokwanelisayo (ngobukhulu be-50-60 mm) okanye elungileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-80 mm) | Kubi |
| Ukunganyangeki komswakama | Iphantsi. Akucetyiswa ukufaka isicelo kumagumbi emanzi. Njengomthetho, emva kokuba "umkhukula" kufuneka atshintshe isiseko | Iphantsi. Ayinakusetyenziswa kumagumbi emanzi | Phezulu |
| Ubomi Benkonzo | 15-25 | 20-30 | Ngaphezulu kwe-50. |
| Ixabiso (kubandakanya umsebenzi wokunyuka), rub. / M2 | Ukusuka nge-1800. | Ukusuka kwi-650. | Ukusuka kwi-1100. |