Zeziphi izinto zokwakha zendalo esekwe kwimarike yase-Russian?
Ifoto: "Tamak"
Ukunyuka okunzulu kumthamo wendlu yokwakhiwa okuphantsi kubangela imfuno enkulu yezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa okuninzi okukhokelela kulwando olukhulu kwimveliso yabasebenzi, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukunciphisa iimpawu zokhuseleko lwezindlu.
Ukuthembeka nokukhuseleka kwesakhiwo sokuhlala kumiselwe ikakhulu ziipropathi zezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwanda kwalo. Olona paramitha lubaluleke kakhulu echaza ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ngokwazo lunokwahlulwa ngokwengoma ezine: amachiza, emzimbeni, umlilo kunye nebhayoloji kunye nebhayoloji. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala - zombini imihla kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo, nganye kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zibe namanqaku aphezulu kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Imithi yeKrisimesi
Olona lube lubekwe ngokupheleleyo kuqikelelo oluphezulu lweparamitha oluthile lwenziwa zizinto ezenziwe ngomxube weenkuni (zisebenza njengesamente) kunye nokuqinisekisa ukomelela) - amakhoboka. Ngemveliso yabo, izisombululo ze-AQUAGOORTE YOKWAKHIWA (I-calcium chloride, i-calcium ye-calcinum, i-aluminium chloride, iglasi yolwelo, inqande ukukhululwa kwesamente, ukonyusa ubumbeko lwe Isibonda ngeenkuni.I-biossistionance yemithi ifezekiswa ngenxa yokubala okukhutshwe ekwenzekeni kwabo xa ulwela i-hydroxide, ekhetha i-alkaline ephakathi. Yonke imithi yeKrisimesi kulula ukuyiqhubela phambili: Sika, idrill, qhagamshela iipine, njl. Ukongeza, ukuhlengahlengiswa komphezulu womphezulu kunika unxibelelwano oluhle kunye nekhonkrithi.
Ukulungiselela ukubonakaliswa, sahlulahlulahlulahlula izinto ezikhethelwe ukuphononongwa kwamaqela amathathu, ezabelwe la magama alandelayo: Ikhonkrithi ye-Opilk, i-Shpobeton kunye neFibrobeton.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezidwelisiweyo kuhlolo lwezixhobo
- Imichiza: Musa ukwahlula izinto ezinobungozi.
- Ukwanyazelwa: ukwazi ukubonelela ngentuthuzelo ye-thermal kwizakhiwo kwinqanaba lemigangatho ekhoyo; ayifakwanga; Yiba nepropathi yesandisileyo (ekwaziyo ukufunxa isisa).
- Umlilo: Ngaba ubuthathaka (i-G1), i-s-flam (B1); Musa ukusasaza ilangatye (RP1); banobuchule bokwenza umsi ophantsi (D1); Ingozi esezantsi ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ubungozi beemveliso zokudibanisa (i-T1).
- I-Biological: I-Biostoyki, engachukunyiswa ziibugs - ii-vertices, iintonga zekhaya, njl.
Ikhonkrithi ye-Opilk
Owona mmeli udumileyo wezixhobo zeli qela i-Chipsticks yesamente (CSP). Izinto zokuqala zokulungiselela kwabo kukungcungcutheka kwamaqhezu amancinci naphakathi kunye nesamente.Kwinkqubo yemveliso, "ikhaphethi" yamacala amathathu e-chip (kwi-chips engaphandle - iqhekeza elingaphakathi iqhezu, enkulu yangaphakathi), enkulu icinezelwe. Ngenxa yoko, plates zazifunyanwa kunye ukuxinana 1100-1400 kg / m³ le milinganiselo ilandelayo: ubude - 2700, 3200 no 3600 mm, ububanzi - 1200 no-1250 mm, ubukhulu - 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 mm.
Iimveliso ezifunyenweyo zisetyenziselwa ukugubungela iindonga zesakhelo zangaphandle (iplate ubukhulu - i-10-25 mm), igubungela iindonga zezakhelo ze-SORTE (8-24 mm), iikholamu ezimanzi (8-16 mm), ingqokelela Uphahla oluthile (12, 16, 20, 24 mm), ukuhlamba i-Attic Trelap (12, 16, 20, engama-20, i-20 mm), isiseko sesiseko phantsi kwemigangatho (20, engama-20, engama-36, engama-36 mm) kunye neeplanga eziphantsi (24, 36 mm). Ukongeza, i-CSP inokusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweegaraji, iicwer, ii-cellars, ii-hozblork, iitrayi, kubandakanywa i-ventier ye-ventgucleobs, njengoko zombini i-ventgucleobs, ezingenakulungelelaniswa, njl. Xa unyusa izikhonkwane, iipleyiti zikhethiweyo ngaphambili. Ixabiso: Ukusuka kwi-650 ukuya kwi-2000 ye-ruble. Kwi-1 PC.
Ingozi yomlilo yezinto kunye nezakhiwo
Ngokwekhulu lama-274.465.001-2013, ingozi yomlilo yezinto zokwakha iphawulwa yile mihlaba ilandelayo: Ukuvutha umlilo (G1 G1); ukuvutha (B1-B3); Amandla okusasaza ilangatye kumphezulu (i-RP1-RP4); Isakhono sokwenza umsi (D1-D3); Ityhefu yeemveliso zokudibanisa (i-T1-T4). Amaziko okwakha abonakaliswa ngumda wokuxhathiswa komlilo (ixabiso layo liyahluka ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-360 imiz), egqitywe ngokulahleka kwe-discriers (R), i-Deble Surser (e) kwaye Ukutshaya (s), kunye ne-Rost ye-Hostard ye-Hozard 30403-96 (k0-k3).
I-CSP
Ifoto: "Tamak". Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-monolithic, iplace ye-CSP ichasa ngempumelelo umswakama, imitha yelanga, ubushushu kunye neziphumo zebhayiloji
Iimvavanyo ezibulaliweyo zodonga lovavanyo lwangaphakathi lwe-CSP luqinisekisa ukuba linokujamelana nemithwalo ebalulekileyo
Ukuchasana komlilo kwi-CSP slab kukwe kuba kwimeko yomlilo, bayakwazi ukumelana neziphumo zayo ngaphakathi kweyure
Namhlanje, i-CSPs 8-16 mm isetyenziselwa ukugubungela izakhiwo zesakhelo
I-shpobeton
Imakethi yesakhiwo yale mihla malunga nezinto ezintathu ezintathu zeli qela: "I-Arbolit Arbolit", "Durisol" kunye "Volox". Zonke ziyi-90-95% equka i-chip enkulu yeentlobo zemithi, esele inyangiswa ngezimilo zemineral kunye nesamente eshushu. Phakathi "Iibhanti" zomoya "ziba ziingxowa" zomoya ", zibonelela ngokuphezulu kobushushu, kodwa zikwakhombathisa i-Indessics yengxolo ye-Air, i-RW), evumela ukuba basebenzise ukhuseleko lwengxolo izakhiwo.Ukongeza, ngenxa yesakhiwo sentloko, ezi zixhobo zinomoya ophakamileyo womoya kunye nomphunga ovuthayo ("uphefumla"), nto leyo, enikezwe imicrousclue enesilwanyana esinempilo endlwini, njengasekuthiyeni. Inzuzo yabo engahlelwangayo iyanda ngokunamathela kwi-dativerations, eyenza lula umhlobiso lweendonga, kunciphisa ubunzima bayo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ixesha kunye neendleko zomsebenzi. Kukwabalulekile ukuba ubushushu bekhonkrithi ye-Lump ingaphezulu kokukhona ikhonkrithi, ke zona iindonga zisongelwe kuzo ziya kusebenza njengebhetri yobushushu. Uhlaziyo lwabucala lwezinto ezinjalo nazo zitsalela into yokuba ngexesha lokufakelwa ungafuni iindlela zokuphakamisa ezinzima. Ngaphandle kwaye umhombiso ongaphakathi unokuba nawo, kodwa akufuneki unciphise amandla okwenza izinto "zokuphefumla."
"I-Arboline"
Izinto ezenziweyo zenziwe zaze zabekwa emgangathweni kwiminyaka yoo-1960. E-USSR, apho kwakhiwa khona iifektri ezingaphezu kwe-100. Ke kaloku, wayekude elityelwe, ndilibala ngokuzalwa kwesibini. "I-Arbolit" (ukusuka kwi-Lat. I-Arbor - "Mthi" kunye nesiGrike. "ILitye -" ilitye ") ngokuyintloko yekhonkrithi yokukhanya.
Zintathu iindidi ze "Arboline": Ukufakwa kwe-thermal (ukuxinana kwe-irmal-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-450 kg / m³), i-450-600 kg / m³) kunye ne-kg / m³). Inketho enkulu namhlanje iyonwabela eyona mfuno inkulu, kuba isetyenziswa ekwakhiweni ngendlela elungiselelwe iibhloko ezinkulu ezilungiselelwe, apho kwakhiwe khona izakhiwo kunye nezihluzo zezakhiwo.
Izinto ezingalunganga zeArbolita zibandakanya ukuqhutywa komswakama okuphezulu kunye nokuncitshiswa komswakama, ukulwa ukuba kunqweneleka ukugcina umswakama ungaphakathi kwe-70, kwaye umphezulu wangaphandle weendonga kufuneka abe nomlinganiso wokugqiba ukhuseleko. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngamanzi okupheliswa kwamanzi, indlela eyaneleyo yesiseko seNdlu ngaphezulu kwesidlo sakusasa kunye nokuhamba okukhulu kwemikhono yophahla. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elinye lamanzi kwiibhloko akuyingozi- baya kuyimela, kodwa ukuma komhlaba oqhubekayo akuthandi.
Inkqubo yemveliso yeebhloko imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Iinkuni ezikhethwe ngokukodwa ziyatyumzwa, emva koko zihlelwe ukuba zikhethe amasuntswana kwexabiso elithile (i-sieve esetyenzisiweyo enemingxunya) inothuli, kwaye emva koko inoliwe, amanzi kunye neekhemikhali zingena kumxube. Isisombululo esigqityiweyo "esigqityiweyo sithululelwe kwiifom zensimbi kwaye zidityaniswe ne-vibrapress. Ngelixa umxube awunzima ngokupheleleyo, igcinwe ikwimo kwaye kuphela emva koko ithathe imveliso yesiphumo. Umthengi ugqityiwe ibhlokhi engaphambi kweeveki ezimbini.
Iinkampani ezinkulu kunye neemveliso ezingama-500 × 300 × 200 ze-MM zenza "iimveliso" - 500 × 1500 × 1500 × 1500 × 1500 mm, kunye neebhloko ze-rightweight (kunye neebhloko yesahlulelo somgangatho wesibini kunye nabanye. Ixabiso leebhloko - ukusuka kwi-ruble engama-4500. nge-1 m³.
Iibhloko zeArboltite zibekwe phantse ziyafana nezinye iibhloko ezinkulu. Ngaphambi kokunyuka i-Inter-arc ngaphezulu, iindonga zangaphandle nezo zangaphakathi zithweswe i-monolithic ii-romomas zekhonkrithi, kodwa nazo zingamanqanaba olwahlulo lwendonga, kodwa zinegalelo kulwakhiwo lwezinto eziveliswayo kunye nolwakhiwo oluninzi, kwaye ikwabonelela ngamandla awongezelelekileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-seissic yendlu.
"I-Arboline"
Ifoto: "Ibonke". Ukuchasana nokuncitshiswa kokudluliselwa kobushushu bodonga ukusuka kwi "Arbolit" ubukhulu obuyi-30 cm ngaphandle kokufakwa eyongezelelweyo yi-3.25 m2 • ° C / W
Ukuphucula izakhiwo zodonga ezisongelwe kwi "Arbolit" iibhloko, iiplani ezahlukeneyo ze-masonry ziye zaqiniswa negridi yensimbi
Ukusuka kwi "Arbolit" ye-Dank yezinto ezingenanto
Ukulungiselela ukuthandwa kweeArmopoyas, udonga lomtshato
Dubisol
I-Dubisol ayisiyonto nje, kodwa netekhnoloji yoqobo yokwakha, esekwe ekusebenziseni iibhloko zodonga zenziwe kwiimeko zefektri, zidlala indima yomsebenzi wokulungelelaniswa. Ixabiso: I-130-340 i-ruble. Kwi-1 PC.Ngexesha lolwakhiwo lweendonga, iibhloko zisetwa yimiqolo omnye komnye, kodwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa komthi. Imeko enyanzelekileyo - ii-cavies zangaphakathi zeebhloko zazo zonke iindonga zendonga kufuneka zidibane ngokuthe nkqo, kodwa xa ibeka phakathi kwemiqolo ekufuphi, i-offset iyafuneka ukuya kwisiqingatha sebhloko. Kwangelo xesha, ukufunyanwa okukhoyo ngaphezulu kweebhloko kumqolo ngamnye kubeka iirods zoqoqosho, ezifakelwa kubude beflethi kunye nesicoci somcibi. Kumbindi wemingxunya enxaxhileyo, iibhloko zifakwe kwi-fittings ethe nkqo (ubude bengaphezulu kwe-1.5-1.8 m), beyibophelele nge-wire ethe tyaba (kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko ye-Anch-Adpors).
Ngokufanayo, babeka ezodidi lesibini, kwisithathu neyesine iibhloko zeebhloko, zibethelela ezi nkqo. Emva koko, imingxunya ethe nkqo eyenziwe kudonga oluhlanganisiweyo izaliswe yikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi B15, B20, B35 okanye B30. Igalelwe ngesandla okanye isebenzisa impompo yekhonkrithi. Ikhonkrithi ezenziwe zizikhukula kwi-cavity itywina ngesandla (indlela yokuthambisa) okanye iphuli enzulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi yentengiso nge-1 m² yodonga kwi-0,075-0.125 m³. Le migca mine ilandelayo isetwa kwaye iphindaphindwa inkqubo yokugcwalisa ngekhonkrithi (njengoko udonga lukhulisa ukunyuka kweerowu). Ngenxa yoko, i-monolithic yaqiniswa kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ene-verting enamandla ephethe nkqo enxulunyaniswa ne-ruizer ethe tyaba efihlakeleyo iphakame i-runty runies iphakame ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sedonga elimiselweyo. Amandla aphezulu emoto enjalo akuvumela ukuba wenze inkxaso yokuqhutywa kwikhonkrithi-ichaphazeleke okanye i-monolithic.
Ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yeDurisol
Ibandakanya iibhloko zokwakhiwa kweendawo zokugcina izilwanyana zezakhiwo ezingafunekiyo kunye nezihlunu zangaphakathi, kunye neebhloko ezine-polystyrene yokwakha iindonga zangaphandle ezinezakhiwo eziphakamileyo zokufudumeza-kwizakhiwo zokuhlala. Olu ಶutho ngaphandle kwebhloko yokuqulunqa imiqolo ibandakanya i-halves ekhethekileyo kwaye ikwazi ukutshintsha iibhloko zabo zendalo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-jumpers ngaphezulu kobungqina.
Dubisol
Ifoto: V. Kovalev / I-Burda Media. Ukusuka kwiibhloko zeDüshal, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze izakhiwo zodonga zefom engekamgangatho okanye ye-curvililinear, njengokusukisa. Kule meko, izinto eziyimfuneko zenziwe kwindawo
Ukudibanisa i-marmanotor yedonga elingaphandle nelingaphakathi kwiindonga zecala zeebhloko zangaphandle zisike iigrooves
Ukusuka kwi-Overset ngokuhambelana nomnye omnye komnye, iibhloko zibambe i-grooves kunye nemikhono efumanekayo kwiinqwelomoya zazo, ezazisa nendima ye-labyrint yamatywina
Imibutho yodonga lomdyarho
"I-velox"
Itekhnoloji ebanzi yolwakhiwo lwezindlu ezisebenza kakuhle ze-monolithic zenza i-velox ye-velox ye-velox ("Velox") yayisebenza kumazwe ase-Austria ngempumelelo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-195 kwaye namhlanje eRussia.Eyona nto iphambili yenkqubo yokwakha "ye-velox" ngama-2 000 000 × 500 mm ngobukhulu, eyi-35, engama-35, engama-35, i-50 mM isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindonga zendlela zangaphandle nezangaphakathi; Iipleyiti ze-subler ezimbini ze-suble-fact ezenziwe ngohlobo olunye (i-35 mm) ngokuncamathela i-Polystrene Fom (PPP) ngobukhulu be-150 mm, ekuvumela ukuba wakhe i-RORTE YOBUCHULE NGE-RO = 4.37 (M2 ℃) / W. Kukho iipleyiti ezinokwanda kwe-200 mm ye-PPS. Ixabiso le-300-1200. Kwi-1 PC.
Le nkqubo ikwabandakanya: Iipleyiti zokuhamba (200 500 × 25 mm); Iibhokisi (2000 × 380 × 170-260 mm, ukuphakama kuxhomekeka kubude bexesha le-Span) ekwenzeni imigangatho ye-riblithic ye-riblithic; I-and kunye ne-spaning yentsimbi enamacala angama-320 kunye ne-480 mm ubude, ebonelela ngomgama omiselweyo phakathi kweendonga ze-ORT kunye ne-forwork eyenziwe kwangaphambili phakathi kwemiqolo eyahlukeneyo; I-Spatial frems-amaqela asetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-ribs yamandla eMonolithic ngaphezulu.
Ukusuka kwezi zinto zisisiseko ngokuhambelana nemithetho ethile kwaye kwakhiwa zombini izakhiwo ezincinci nezonyango ezininzi. Ukunyuka kuqala ngenye yeembombo zangaphandle zesakhiwo, ngelixa iipleyiti kwi-cuncring qinisa izipikili ngobude obuyi-100 mm, eziqhutywa kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Emva koko, iipleyiti ezenza i-Over kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lomqolo wokuqala olwenziweyo zitsaliwe, zibaxubana kwisibini esitsha.
Ngenxa yoko, amacandelo e-angular kunye nodonga akhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye neeprojekthi eziqikelelweyo ezibonelelwe kwiprojekthi (iziphelo zabo "ngepleyiti ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-75 mm). Ukufakelwa kokufakwa kobume bendlela yokusebenza kweendonga zangaphandle, qhubeka kwindalo "yegobolondo" yokuthwala iindonga zangaphakathi kunye nezihlulelo. Xa ufakelo lomqolo wokuqala kulo lonke indawo yeNdlu lugqityiwe, ngaphakathi kwendlela ekunikezelwe kuyo le projekthi, i-fibles ebiwe (i-faktings fittings (i-Tribson) ifakiwe kwaye ikhonkrithi ye-Brand iphantsi kwe-M200 (ngesandla okanye impompo yekhonkrithi). Okulandelayo, ezi nqanaba zilandelayo zendlela ezenziwayo zihlanganisene, zitshintsha izibonda ezithe nkqo zeplate kwimigca engama-250 mm.
Itekhnoloji yolwakhiwo lweendonga ihambelana ngokucokisekileyo indlela yokuqala yokuququzelela imigangatho ye-monolithic eqhutywa. Isiseko seli lokugqibela - imiqadi ekhonkrithi iqiniswe ngama-teel eqinile kunye ne-120 mm ububanzi ukusuka kwi-185 mm ukuya kwi-62 mm ukuya kwi-620 mm ukuya kwinyathelo le-monolith eneendonga zekhonkrithi.
"I-velox"
Ifoto: "Ecotootoeroy". Ipleyiti "i-velox" Qhaphile nge-natenes nganye eqhutywa kwi-engile
Umgama omiselwe kwangaphambili phakathi kwe-Over kunye neendonga zangaphakathi zomsebenzi olwenziweyo
I-Tribon ikwasetyenziselwa ukuqiniswa ngokuthe nkqo, nto leyo inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi
Xa kusenziwa imigangatho ye-ribbithic imigangatho yomgangatho oqinileyo, benza ubungqingqwa be-25-35 mm ukusuka kwipleyiti "kwiVelox"
I-Fibrobeton
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fibrololite-sisixhobo se-Slab sendalo esiveliswe kwiitshipsi ezintle (ubude - 250-500 mm, ububanzi - 1-4500-i-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwe-1 ukuya kwe-1 ukuya kwe-1 ukuya kwi-Portland kunye namanzi. Kwimveliso yefibre yenkuni, ephathwe ngesisombululo seglasi yolwelo, ixutywe nesamente kunye namanzi, emva koko phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-0.5 Mpa yindlela yokucinezela, iimveliso ziphathwa ngenqanawa kwaye yomile. Iimveliso ezisemgangathweni-iipleyiti ezinobude obuyi-2400 ne-3000 mm, ububanzi be-600-12 mm kunye nobungqingqwa obungama-30 ukuya kwi-150 mm. Banamandla aphantsi (ukusuka kwi-0.4 ukuya kwi-1,2 MPA) kunye nokuguquguquka, kodwa kwi-300 kg / i-1050 kg / i-1050 kg / i-0.10-0 ° C) kunye nokufakelwa kwesandi iimpawu. Namhlanje, iipleyiti ze-firlide ezifana ne-celenit (i-Itali), iBhodi eluhlaza (iRussia), i-Trulit (iSweden), njl.Izakhiwo. Ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwabo kwiindawo zokwakha kugqitywa kukuxinana, okwahlulahlulwe zangama-kg / m³), phakathi kwe-500-800 kg / m³ / ngaphezulu kwe-800 kg / m³). Umzekelo, cinga ngeeplate zenkqubo yebhodi eluhlaza.
Iipleyiti ezine-250 kg / m³ (i-GB1, ubukhulu-i-100 mm) kunye ne-300 kg / i-GB / MM-i-GBE-i-GBSE-kunye ne-thermo- kunye ne-thermo- kunye ne-thermo- kunye ne-thermo- kunye ne-thermo- kunye ne-thermo- kunye nokuzonwabisa kwe-microclimozulu ye izakhiwo. Ukunyuka kobuso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-450 kg / m³ (GB450, ubukhulu - i-25 mm) ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ngeenjongo ezifanayo, kunye nokusebenzisa imithwalo yokulungelelanisa kunye neendonga zesakhelo. Iimveliso ezinomxholo ophakathi kwe-600 kg / m³ (GB600, ubukhulu - i-14, 35 ne-50 mm) yenze imisebenzi yemisebenzi engalungelelanisiweyo eMonolithic izakhiwo ukusuka ekukhanyeni kunye nekhonkrithi enzima; Zisetyenziselwa ulusu lwangaphandle nolunxwemeni lweendonga zezakhiwo zesakhiwo, izahlulo, kunye nemizimba yokuhamba. Okokugqibela, iplate ingubuqili kwe-950 kg / m³ (i-GB3, ubukhulu - i-1050 kg / i-1050 kg / i-10,5, i-450, i-22 mm) isebenze njengokutsala iindonga zesakhelo ( Endaweni yeepleyiti ze-osp) ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweephaneli zesandwich (ngokusekwe kwi-PPS okanye kwi-GB1 Plates), kunye nezakhiwo zeenkqubo ze-rafting (endaweni ye-osp-plets).
Ixabiso leiplate zolwakhiwo lwemveliso yaseRussia iyahluka ukusuka kwi-290 ukuya kwi-1200 yeeruble. Kwi-1 PC. Iimveliso zase-Itali kunye neSweden ziya kubiza amaxesha ayi-1.5 ngaphezulu. I-TIILE inezinto ezininzi zemibala emihlanu ephambili - imiqondiso yezulu, amafu, iinkuni, nolwandle. Iithayile zoMyili ziboniswa ziimveliso zeNkampani yeSweden Baux (engena kwiqela le-träulit). Baneemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala, evumela iipaneli zokuhombisa phantse nangaliphi na ubungakanani kwizinto ezithengiweyo.
Ukongeza, iithayile zinepropathi elungileyo yokufumana isandi, ekwazi ukufumana kwaye ingenanto (kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomoya) kwaye iqokelele amandla e-shirmal. Ubunzima beemveliso malunga ne-14 kg / m². Ziya kubambelela eludongeni okanye zephahla ngeendlela ezimbini. Kumphezulu wokuqala, umphezulu uqinile ngamaphepha athile anyibilikayo, kwaye ngasemva kwethayile, iimagnethi zilungisiwe - kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukuba zitshintshe iipaneli ezindala okanye ezonakeleyo Ipateni yepakethi rhoqo rhoqo. Indlela yesibini ibandakanya ukukhwela umphezulu.
Kulo nyaka, ukuveliswa koMyili iTile kuye kwayiBhodi yeRussia. Ixabiso leemveliso zemveliso yangaphakathi-ukusuka kwi-1 yamawaka ruble. I-1 m². ISweden ixabisa kakhulu - ukusuka kwi-2 lamawaka ruble. I-1 m².
Ukwakhiwa kwe-fibrolifa
Ifoto: I-Selenit. Kwizakhiwo ze-Brick enesakhelo se-monolikic eqinileyo, iipleyiti ze-fibral ye-fibral zisetyenziselwa ukufaka iibhlorho ezibizwa ngokuba zibandayo.
Iipleyiti eziphakamileyo ezinobunzima obuyi-10 ukuya kwi-22 mm zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo njengokutshixwa kwangaphandle kweendonga zezakhelo zangaphandle nangaphakathi kunye nezihlulo
Iipleyiti zokuxinanisa eziphakathi zilungele ulwahlulo lwe-Bring oluvakalayo
Iipaneli zendonga
Iskimu sokwenza i-Grooves yeephaneli ze-ranolithic ye-monolithic eqinileyo yekhonkrithi
Isikhundla esisezantsi sephaneli sibekwe kwindawo yokuqiniswa kunye nekhonkrithi egalelwe-umBeki weSathalo wezakhelo (1) usenziwa; I-Grooves kwi-rioves edibeneyo yeephaneli zenza umsebenzi wokuphosa ikholamu yenkxaso yesakhelo (2); ipleyiti yentsimbi yokulungisa ii-Arma- (3); Ukuqinisa i-grid kwi-cunction yeepaneli
Kutshanje, i-troälit yaqulunqa inkqubo yemveliso yodonga lwe-monolithic epheleleyo ukusuka kumxube wodonga loboya kunye nesamente (i-fibroite) kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kubo. Ezi phatho zokukhanya zinobude obungaphezulu kwe-6 m, ukuphakama kwe-2.7-3 m kwaye ubukhulu be-25 ukuya kwi-50 cm (kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu zemozulu ezi-25 ukuya kwi-RM. K) / w). Iimveliso zenziwa kumgca ozenzekelayo (obonelela ngokucokiswa okhethekileyo kunye nokulungela okuphezulu), apho iwindow kunye neminyango yeminyango inqunyulwe kwangoko, kunye ne-roops efunekayo okanye ibeka unxibelelwano. Ukusuka kumzi-mveliso kwindawo yokwakha yephaneli ithuthwe kwindawo ethe nkqo.
Ubushushu obuqokelelelela ubuchule beepanels - 250 kj / m² • Isalathiso sokungaxhathiswa komlilo - Rei 360 (ngexesha lovavanyo, ngexesha lokuvavanywa kweqondo le-6 ° C le-6 iiyure - ukusuka kwelinye icala lodonga, iqondo lobushushu lalingama-45 ° C). Ngenxa yobunzima obusezantsi (ukuxinana kweemveliso - i-300-350 kg / m³), isiseko esikhanyayo sinokusetyenziswa phantsi kweendonga zeepaneli.
Itekhnoloji yendibano yendlu ibonakaliswa ngokulula, ithathelwa ingqalelo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngapha koko, ngoyilo oluqokelelweyo lwephaneli (amandla abo okucinezela kuphela yi-27 Kn / M), akukho mthwalo. Kuthatha amandla kwisakhelo sekhonkrithi esiqulunqwe kwikholamu kunye nemiqadi, i-forection ye-rooves ethe tyaba kwaye ethe nkqo nakwiziphelo zephaneli yodonga. Ke kumalungu eephaneli ezimbini zodonga ngokuthe nkqo, izikwere zekwere zenziwa licandelo lama-70 × 70 mm. Kwinxalenye ephezulu yemveliso nganye kukho i-U-I-U-I-U-Depenweng Deapening neCandelo le-100 × 1600 mm, elivumela ukusekwa kwe-roove "yeringi" phantsi komjikelezo wodonga.
I-fibroit yolwakhiwo lwepaneli
Ifoto: Trulit. Ifestile yefestile inqunyulwe kwiiphaneli, ii-grooves zenziwa phantsi kombane wombane kunye ne-discreen yenziwa.
Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kweendonga ze-fibrafite ye-fibrafite yomvelisi womzi-mveliso iphawulwa ngokulula kunye nezantya eziphezulu ezidityaniswe nobungakanani bemisebenzi kunye neendleko
Iipleyiti zensimbi zilungisa indawo yokuqiniswa kwiPaneli ye-senis ephezulu
Emva kofakelo kwisiseko (kungqimba lodaka lwesamente), iiphaneli ziyacinezelwa. Imiqolomba ethe nkqo kunye ne-grooves ethe tyaba ifakwe kwi-Steel Recimiety, kwaye emva koko wagalela ikhonkrithi (ukuba isakhiwo sineekholamu ezinamalungu eephaneli kuwo wonke umgangatho ovela kwi-BOORT kwi-Beam ye-Beam ePhezulu yeBight). Ukuze ugcine ukuqiniswa kwe-rooves ethe tyaba kumgama ukusuka kwi-fibroite, iipleyiti zentsimbi ezikhethekileyo ezinobunzima obuyi-3 mm ngeplanga ezichetyiweyo, eziqhuba emzimbeni wephaneli. Kwiipleyiti ezifanayo, imiqadi yokugqobhoza okanye i-rafters ilungisiwe. Xa ugqiba iindonga zithintelwe.
Izibonelelo zetekhnoloji entsha-kuyilo lweendonga Akukho zibhlowu zihlala ziqinile, iirandi ezihlala ziqinile, zibolile, zingabonakali kwi-shrinkage. Ngokomndilili, kwiyure ye-rigade yobutshaba (ubuncinci abantu abathathu), inokunceda ngoncedo lwe-crane, faka iiphaneli ezimbini zedonga, ke ukwakhiwa kuqhutywa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ixabiso le-iiphaneli eziyimfuneko ukuze ufakelo iindonga lwangaphandle indlu enomgangatho omnye-yoqobo kunye ummandla lilonke malunga 100 m², e Sweden euro malunga 12-15 amawaka. ERussia, iphaneli isavela phesheya (isityalo sasekhaya semveliso yabo sisayile) kwaye ke iindleko zixabisa kakhulu - malunga ne-1,5-2.0 yezigidi. Kwikhiti enye.
I-fibrolyt yoyilo
Ifoto: Trulit. U-Signer Tile Baux Trulit Trult unokuba nomjikelo, hex, isikwere, uxande, i-Rhombic kunye nonxantathu. Kwangelo xesha, iimveliso zeefom ezahlukeneyo zikhethwe ngobukhulu ukuze zidityaniswe ngokulula kwinani elinye
Iipleyiti ze-acoustic
Yenzelwe ukulungisa i-acoustic phakathi kwizakhiwo eziyandayo iimfuno zokwenza amazwi zimiselwe: Iiholo zemidlalo, iipleyiti zekhaya, njl. Njl. Iipleyiti zesandi, i-scriling yesandi enqunyanyisiweyo okanye kwizikrini ezongeziweyo . Ngezi njongo, kucetywa ukusebenzisa iipleyiti ezine-450 ne-600 kg / m³ kunye nobungqingqwa bokususela kwi-14 ukuya kwi-25 mm. Ixabiso leemveliso zaseRussia livelisa ukusuka kuma-600 ukuya kwangama-1200. Kwi-1 PC. I-Italian iya kuxabisa malunga ne-1.5 amaxesha abiza kakhulu. Ezinye izitovu ezahlukileyo ze-acoustic ezinokufakwa isicelo sokugqitywa kwesakhiwo. Ziyafumaneka kwisiseko sesamente esiqhelekileyo okanye emhlophe kwaye zipeyintwe kwimibala eyahlukeneyo (ngokweekhathalogu), kwaye zibonelelwe nge-rade ene-chape-stor: i-ruble ye-ruble. Kwi-1 m2, engeniswe eli-1300 ukuya kwi-1300 ukuya kwi-ruble i-rubles. I-1 m2.
Ifoto: iTroldtekt.