Ukuphuculwa kwekhaka lasekhaya, ukongeza ekutshintsheni imitha, kubandakanya kunye nokuhlaziya i-automation yokuzikhusela. Izixhobo ezikhethiweyo ezifanelekileyo ziya kunceda ukukhusela ikhaya lakho kuphela hayi kwisekethe emfutshane, kodwa kunye nomlilo, imibane yenye nezinye iingxaki.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iigridi zombane zasekhaya ziye zanzima kakhulu, umthwalo kubo unyuke izihlandlo ezininzi. Iimfuneko kunye nezixhobo zoKhuselo ziye zanda -i-jams "ezidumileyo" (izithuthi ezikhuselayo eziphantsi kwe-screw ceck) ikhutshiwe ikhutshiwe kwaye eRussia isetyenziswa kancinci kwaye isetyenziswa kancinci. Ukuba endaweni yabo, beza bazahlulwa kwesekethe kwaye besesiphatheni esigqibeleleyo safakwa kwi-dil rail.
Ifoto: Abb.
Ukuba inethiwekhi ayinayo i-RCD, ungabeka i-thylet eyahlukileyo yokhuselo oluzenzekelayo, yitsho iimodeli ze-ABB ngemvakalelo ye-30 ma. Ezo ziseko zifakwe kwigumbi lokuhlambela kunye nezinye iindawo ezifuna amanyathelo okhuseleko anyukayo. Xa i-RCO ibangelwa, kuphela ngumgca wengxaki kuphela
Inqanaba lokuqala lokhuseleko - abaphulaphuli besekethe
Izixhobo zenqanaba lokuqala lokhuseleko - ezonakalisiweyo zesekethe - ikakhulu zikhusela i-Intra-yekota ye-Intra kunye ne-Preysity Pirity kwiziphumo ezitshabalalisayo zangoku zekamkelo enkulu. Ngokuhambelana, kufuneka ukhethe ifowuni ngokuxhomekeke kwicandelo le-wire kunye nendlela ye-gasket yayo.
Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukutshintshiselana okwalelwayo okwangoku ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kuma-32 asetyenzisiweyo; Esi salathisi sibonisiwe kwimveliso. Ingacinga ngokulula ukuba i-Automata nge-6 ne-10 a asetyenziswe ngothungelwano olukhanyayo nomthwalo omncinci (ngaphantsi kwe-1 kw yenethiwekhi yesigaba esinye se-220 v). Oomatshini abayi-16 bafakwe emachini rhoqo. Ngezixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi (umzekelo, i-heater yamanzi), i-Automata 32 a okanye ngaphezulu iyafuneka.
Ifoto: OBI.
Izixhobo zokukhusela iphakanyiswe kwi-Din Rail ifuna ukuphatha ngononophelo. Iibhokisi zemodyuli ezikhethekileyo ziya kunceda ukuphucula ukhuseleko kwaye zinike ingqalelo ecocekileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni kutshintsho xa umthwalo kwinethiwekhi iza kwixabiso eliyingozi? I-wiring iqala ukuvutha. Esi sixhobo siquka ukukhutshwa kwe-thermal ngeplate ye-bimitallic. Xa iqondo lobushushu oluthile lifikelelwe, ichaphazela indlela yokuvalwa kwentambo evaliweyo eqhekeza umfowunelwa. Ukuba umthwalo ungaphezulu konyulo, umatshini ucinyiwe kungekudala. Kodwa xa umthwalo uphinda kabini amaxesha amaninzi, ukuvalwa kwe-shutdown kuya kulandela imizuzwana embalwa.
Ifoto: I-Legoin-Media
Ukukhubaza inethiwekhi ngexesha lesiphaluka esifutshane, olunye ukhutshwa lusetyenziswa - elektromagnetic. Ijika kwangoko phantse kwangoko - kwii-milliseconds. Okwangoku, isiphaluka esifutshane sangoku siqhubeka ngomatshini - kumawakawaka ee-AMPS. Iimodeli zekhaya ze-Automati zihlala zenzelwe ezona ziphezulu zesekethe ezimfutshane ezingama-4500 okanye i-6000 A. Ukuba ingaphezulu, ukukhululwa akuyi kuba nakho ukwaphula ikhonkco.
Xa ukhetha i-switch, ukongeza kwinani langoku, nikela ingqalelo kuhlobo lwayo. Iboniswa ngoonobumba base-latin b, c (Ayikho ezinye iintlobo zezixhobo kubomi bemihla ngemihla) kwaye lithetha umthwalo omkhulu onokuthi umatshini unokukhululwa ngaphandle kwe-elektromagnetic. Chwetheza izixhobo ze-B zigcinwa ngaphambi kokucima i-chain 3 ... 5 yemithwalo etyunjiweyo, kunye nohlobo c - 6 ... iidinomina ezi-10. Uhlobo lomatshini c lusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kukho iikomiti zombane ezinamandla ezinamandla okwenza umthwalo owongezelelweyo (obizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuqalisa.
Akufanelanga ukuba uzame ukudibanisa zonke iziseko kunye nezixhobo kwiswitshi enye. Kunqwenelekayo ukuba iqela ngalinye lezixhobo libonelelwe ngumatshini walo.
Luthini uphawu lombane?
Abasebenzisi abaninzi abayikhathalelanga kwiivadi ezimbini zeesekethe, zenye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Rhoqo "Ukungena ngaphandle kwe-jams yendlela"?Mhlawumbi, babuthathaka, musa ukujamelana nomthwalo.
Isigqibo esinjalo senza umnini-khaya kwaye uye kwivenkile ukuba ezenzekelayo amandla - nge-20, 25, kwaye ungcono nge-32 A. Kunganakwenzeka ukuba ubeke endaweni yombane! Kwaye okukhona ungayihoyi indawo yokuvalwa. Njengomthetho, babhalisela ukuba icandelo elithile le-wiring lonakalisiwe okanye alihlangabezana nomthwalo. Ukuba ubeka nje umatshini onamandla ngakumbi, emva koko ucingo olonakeleyo luya kushushu kwaye luwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ungathintela njani ukuvuza kwangoku?
Abaphulaphuli besekethe bakhuse ukhuseleko kumjikelezo omfutshane kunye nenethiwekhi.
Ngelishwa, umbane unokuqhuba ezinye iingozi ukukhusela ezinye izixhobo.
Ukukhuselwa ngokungothuswa. Inqanaba lenqanaba lesibini-Isixhobo esikhuselweyo sokuvala (Uzo) -evele kwi-70s. I-XX yenkulungwane Ukusukela ngoko usetyenziswa jikelele kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Ukufumanisa umahluko kumandla amaqela emfundo kumqhubi we-voltage kunye nomqeqeshi wesiqendu, i-RCD inokuthi ifumane okwangoku esebenza ngendlela (engathathi hlangothi). Ukuba i-leakhgey yangoku (umahluko okwangoku) ufikelela kwixabiso elinikiweyo, i-RCD ibotshelelwe kwaye yavula ikhonkco. Ixesha lokuphendula kufuneka libe lincinci (uninzi lwezixhobo zininzi ii-milliconds). Eyona nto iphambili ekukhetheni i-Uzo kumthengi luphando lwezinto ezivuzayo ngoku (zibonisiwe kwimeko).
Ezonamodeli zinobuthathaka zibangelwa kukulingana ngokulinganayo kwi-10 ma. I-UDo enjalo inokucetyiswa ukuba ifakelwe kumagumbi emanzi (igumbi lokuhlambela, i-sauna) okanye, umzekelo, kwindlwana. Nangona kunjalo, isixhobo esinobuthathaka kakhulu sinokusabela nokuba sinxibelelane neendlela ezinamandla (ze-2-3 kW). Ke ngoko, kuyo yonke indawo, ithathiwe iphela ukuze isebenzise i-Uzo, ebibangelwa kukuvuza okwangoku kwe-30 ma. Impembelelo yayo inokwenzeka, kodwa ithathwa njengekhuselekile kwimpilo esempilweni phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (kubushushu begumbi kunye nokufuma okuphantsi). Kodwa oku okwangoku kuyakuvumela ukuba uqhagamshele indlela enamandla kwinethiwekhi.
Ifoto: B. ORIS BOZEL / BODDA
Ukufakwa kololiwe dis akuyi kuba nzima. Izixhobo zilungisiwe kusetyenziswa i-clamp yentwasahlobo. Ukuchitha intwasahlobo, kuyimfuneko ukulibazisa (a). Ukubekwa kwe-termpings. I-Uzo kunye ne-Uzip, i-Uzip yoqhagamshelo ibalulekile, akunakwenzeka ukudida iSigaba, ukungathathi hlangothi kunye nokuphakanyiswa (b)
Ungayisebenzisa njani i-Uzo?
Isixhobo sokukhusela inkqubo yokukhusela ifuna ulawulo lokusebenza rhoqo. Oku, nangona kunjalo, akuyi kuba nzima - kanye ngenyanga kuyimfuneko ukucofa iqhosha elikwi-Uzo umzimba. Isixhobo esisebenzayo siza kucima i-voltage.
Ukhuseleko lomlilo. Izixhobo zenqanaba lesithathu lokhuselo - ukutshintshwa komthwalo womlilo. Ngapha koko, ziyi-Uzos efanayo, kodwa nge-trigger ephezulu (amakhulu eelliamper). Iitshisi ezinjalo zenzelwe ukukhusela imiphumo emibi yomonakalo ofihliweyo womonakalo.
Umzekelo, ngomnye umqhubi wesifundo wadilizwa, ii-screw clamps zenza buthathaka kwisokisi yesokethi (kufuneka zicinezelwe rhoqo, kodwa zenza amandla ambalwa, indawo enobuchule iqala ukufudumeza . Ukufudumeza kunokomelela ngokwaneleyo kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekuvusweni kakhulu kunye nomlilo. I-Firewood Andwood Andwol Andscoal Andsple iphendule kwi-leak efanayo. Ezi zixhobo zinokunconyelwa kubanini bezindlu ezindala kunye ne-wiring yomoya.
Amanqanaba amathathu okuqala acebisa ukukhuselwa kwiingxaki ezinxulumene nezinto zangaphakathi. La manqanaba mabini alandelayo - ukukhuselwa kwiimpembelelo ezimbi zangaphandle.
Ifoto: schneider yombane
Amakhaya ethu anesixhobo esincinci esinobuthathaka esifuna ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo kumonakalo-wokukhupha i-voltage kunye ne-voltage yexesha likaxakeka.
Ukukhuselwa kwivoloji igqitha. Ukuba endaweni yenethiwekhi ye-220 v esebenza ngequbuliso 250-280 v, kwanokuhamba izixhobo zasekhaya. Abavelisi abaninzi, bazazi izinto ezingathandekiyo zenethiwekhi yasekhaya, ukubonelela ngezixhobo zawo zokukhusela abasebenzi, kodwa ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo zenqanaba lesine - ukwahlula-hlula i-voltagety egqithayo) - qinisekisa ukukhuselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zekhaya.
I-UZIP kufuneka ifakwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezinomoya ophakamayo, kunye nezindlu ezinemigca yokubonelela ngombane ezikwindawo apho kusoloko kukho iindudumo (ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-20 ngonyaka).
Ukukhuselwa kuthengiswa okungaphezulu. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zenqanaba lesihlanu (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Urtrasound) kukhusela igridi yamandla angaphakathi (i-volt yamawaka), kodwa i-volseconds) ye-voltage yeendlela zobunzima be-elektroniki.
Ukukhetha Ukukhetha umphula osecaleni kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwezixhobo zombane kunye nobume bomthwalo
| Isixhobo sombane (isixhobo) | amandla, kwt | Kulinganiswa kwisekethe yomqhekezi wesekethe, kwaye | Uhlobo lwe-discontetion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ifriji | 0.3 ... 0,5 | 6. | Ukusuka |
| I-heater yamanzi yohlobo oluqokelelweyo | ezine | Amashumi amabini | Ngaphakathi |
| Ukuhamba kwamanzi okuhamba | 6. | 32. | Ngaphakathi |
| Isiseko sekhitshi (i-kette ye-key, i-toaster, i-bakery) | 2. | 10 | Ngaphakathi |
| Into yokufaka umoya endlini | 3.5 | Amashumi amabini | Ukusuka |
| I-washer | 2.5 | Shumi elinesthandathu | Ukusuka |
| Isitovu sombane | Ntlanu | 25. | Ngaphakathi |
Izixhobo zenqanaba lesikhuselo ngasinye zisombulula uluhlu lwemisebenzi kwaye, kwaye likhulu, musa ukuhlangana ngezixhobo zamanye amanye amanyathelo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye babo banokukwenza imisebenzi yamanqanaba aliqela okhuseleko. Umzekelo, kukho ukubakho okubiziweyo, eyindibaniselwano yabaphuli besekethe kunye nabaphulaphuli besekethe abahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, izixhobo zamanqanaba okuqala nakwesibini. Bacetyiswa ukuba basebenzise, ngakumbi, ngomngcipheko wokwanda kwesekethe emfutshane emhlabeni. Umzekelo, amacandelo angaphandle e-Mains (iziseko zegadi kunye nezinto zokukhanya) zixhotywe nge-diphhafts.
Zonke izixhobo kufuneka zidityaniswe ngokulandelelana, ngokungqinelana neengcebiso zabavelisi kunye neemfuno ze-R 51628-2000 "izikhuselo zokuHamba". Izikimu zoqhagamshelo zinokuba nzima, ke umsebenzi uwanika oonozezi boochwephesha abaqeqeshiweyo.
Bonke oomatshini abakhuselweyo banamhlanje zizixhobo ezinzima, xa bexhumela ukuba zeziphi iindawo zokudlalela, igalelo kunye nezatifikethi zokuphuma kufuneka zichaneke, kwaye zingadideki, zithi, iSigaba kunye nokungathathi cala. Ngelishwa, i-UDO kunye nezinye izixhobo zihlala zixhunyiwe ngokungachanekanga. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-UDo ayizukusebenza kwaye, kakhulu, iyasilela. Ngonxibelelwano olufanelekileyo, zonke izixhobo eziqhele ukukhonza "ekulungiseleleni ukulungisa".
Iibhulukhwe zihlala zenzeka ngenxa yazo zonke izizathu zangaphandle. Umzekelo, isekethe kaninzi sesekethe xa umfowunelwa ufikile, kubangela i-spark enamandla, efana ne-Arc ye-Welc. Ngokubanzi, i-trigging nganye yomatshini inciphisa kancinci izixhobo. Ke ngoko, akufuneki usebenzise izixhobo zokukhusela njengemisebenzi yenethiwekhi. Ulawulo lwamandla, kungcono ukufaka utshintsho olukhethekileyo lokutshintsha. Ukuba akukho chipboard enjalo, emva koko uyawukhulula wonke umthwalo kwinethiwekhi ngaphambi kokucima, cima ubuchule kunye nokukhanyisa.
Enye yezona ntsomi zixhaphakileyo - i-Uzo ayisebenzi kwinethiwekhi ezimbini ze-wire (ngaphandle komhlaba). Ngapha koko, ukuba akukho mhlaba, akukho lula ukufaka i-RCD, kodwa uyafuna! Ukuba, masithi, kumatshini wokuhlamba, kukho into eyakhiwe ngaphandle kwesekethe emfutshane (emzimbeni 220 v), ukusebenza kwayo ngaphandle kwe-Uzo kuya kuba yingozi kakhulu.
ISergey Akinfeev
Umphathi we-Easy9 waKhulisa, SCHanider yombane
Inqanaba lesithathu lemodyuli yemodyuli ye-DS203nc ye-switch ye-swit yoKutshanga (ABB). Imvakalelo yokuba nguMvakalo: 30 Ma, 300 Ma
I-Uzip kulula9 (i-schneider yombane), izibonda ezintathu + azithathi cala
Udo 18-63 (IEk), i-707 rubles.
I-Switch Switch (IEk), 126 Huby.
Ukutshintshela komthwalo we-hager (esetyenzisiweyo, umzekelo, ukudlulisela le nkqubo kwinethiwekhi ukuya kwinethiwekhi ukuya kwi-generator), ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 A, i-ruble ye-40.
I-ECOCCTATAR9 RATTATTMAATTATTAT (SCHINEER), 30 I-30 IIMVAVANYO
Ulawulo lokuLawula ukutshintshela kwimowudi ye-ngokuzenzekelayo okanye kwi-hager)
Ukutshintshela okuzenzekelayo: Uchungechunge olulula (i-schneider yombane)
Nge-6 A (IEk), i-ruble eyi-71.