Nokuba yeyiphi na izixhobo zetekhnoloji eziphakamileyo zolwakhiwo lwezindlu ziphuhliswa, kunzima ukuba bakhuphisane neenkuni zendalo. Kuyo unokwakha kungekuphela nje, kodwa kunye neendawo ezinqabileyo. Iimpawu zeengcali zentengiso yokwakha indlu ye-Elite-Homents zixelwa njengenxalenye yesemina ye-Isotic kwiMiboniso ye-Autumn Virzhaus
Nokuba yeyiphi na izixhobo zetekhnoloji eziphakamileyo zolwakhiwo lwezindlu ziphuhliswa, kunzima ukuba bakhuphisane neenkuni zendalo. Kuyo unokwakha kungekuphela nje, kodwa kunye neendawo ezinqabileyo. Iimpawu zeengcali zentengiso yokwakha indlu ye-Elite-Homents zixelwa njengenxalenye yesemina ye-Isotic kwiMiboniso ye-Autumn Virzhaus
Yintoni ebandakanywayo kwimbono "yendlu ye-Elir? Iimfuno zamagama zesakhiwo esinjalo.
UAlexander YelCculogin. Iprojekthi yomntu kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izinto ezininzi - ukwakhiwa kosapho, imikhwa, imikhwa, ubuchule bezemali bomthengi, uhlobo lwebali, isifundo kumacala ehlabathi. Ibinzana elithi "i-Elite" ngokunxulumene namakhaya kuthetha ukuba, njengomthetho, "kuhle kakhulu". Le ngcaciso ilingana neprojekthi, uyilo kunye nezixhobo.
I-Konstantin maslov. Ndifuna ukuchukumisa isihloko sokukhululeka kokusebenza nokuseta iinkqubo zobunjineli zesakhiwo. INdlu ye-Elite kufuneka idale indawo efanelekileyo yobomi ekuhlaleni kwaye ibuthathaka ukuba ixhaphazwe. Ke ngoko, imbono yendlu enjalo ibandakanya iprojekthi eyenziwe ngemo efanelekileyo, ichazwe (irekhodwe kwimiyalelo esebenzayo) phakathi kwexesha lemozulu, ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemozulu, ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo kwemozulu, indawo yokucinga yeenkqubo zobunjineli, igumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokuhlambela.
Ifoto: "Isakhiwo sendlu yeNdlu" | 
Ifoto: "Isakhiwo sendlu yeNdlu" | 
Ifoto: "Isakhiwo sendlu yeNdlu" | 
Ifoto: IZBA De Luxe |
Ifoto: "Vigazi-stroy" | 
Ifoto: "Igarant-stroy" | 
Ifoto: "Igarant-stroy" | 
Ifoto: "Vigazi-stroy" |
5. Ivela kwi-pied pine, kunye "neRibbon" ziphela. I-Diameter Logit - 380-50 mm. Indlu yeLog kufuneka ime unyaka, emva koko iqale ukugqiba. Kweli nqanaba, kukho uphahla lwexeshana. Indlu yenziwa ngesitayile saseRashiya neentsika eziqingqiweyo, inqaba, i-whims.
8. Ukugqiba icawe ye-bani kwi-serian carch. Okwangoku, uphahla lwethayile le-ceramic lubekwe, iindonga zinyangwa, ziya kwaziselwa izivuzo zokuyinyusa imiphefumlo. Ububanzi bomndilili welog yi-300-420 mm.
Sesiphi isixhobo eludongeni esisetyenziselwa indlu ye-ELIRE?
I-Ender Ivanov. Icodar ngakumbi, emva koko i-bluc, emva koko - ipine. Ngokufanelekileyo, i-cedar kunye ne-bruch zizixhobo eziphakamileyo. Ngokubhekisele kwilog yedayitha enkulu, ifunyanwa kuphela kwimisedare.
I-Konstantin maslov. Ukupheliswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kuzo zombini iipropathi zomsebenzi nakwindlela yokungaphezulu. Umzekelo, i-cedar ineepropathi ezifanelekileyo zokuphilisa (i-fioorissuse umoya yangaphakathi), i-brch - ukuhombisa kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Kodwa akukho mfihlakalo yokuba ukuba nendlu evela kwicodare okanye i-valech nayo iyathandeka kakhulu. Kwiiprojekthi zabo, sisebenzisa ngokusebenzayo kunye nokudityaniswa kwezi zixhobo. I-cottage ye-lete inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo, ukuba yenziwe ukusuka kwizinto zodonga lwalo naluphi na uhlobo - iklabishi, ilogo elirhangqiweyo, amaplanga abhalwe phantsi. Nangona indlu ekhethekileyo yenza ezinye iiparamitha - ubunzulu bophuhliso lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ububanzi belog (xa busika), ubukhulu beendonga, isixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo.
Amaplanga ahleliweyo ayahluka ngexabiso. Ungawubona njani umgangatho wezinto? Ngaba kufanelekile ukwahlulahlula kwiindidi?
UAlexander YelCculogin. Ukusika iinkuni ngumxholo olawulayo. "Uyilo lweplanga" iipropathi zoomatshini beenkuni zimiselwa ziintlobo-ntlobo-kuqala, okwesithathu, okwesithathu. Eyokuqala libanga leenkuni ezomeleleyo ngakumbi. Ukongeza, kukho amaxwebhu amaninzi olawulo lwasekhaya nawasemanyeneyo afunekileyo alinganiselweyo. Iimfuno ezinjalo zenza amaqela ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeka kwinjongo yeenkcukacha - ingaphakathi, abathwali, efihliweyo, njl njl., Yonke le nto ithathelwa ingqalelo. Ke ngoko, ndifuna ukuqaphela ukuba umphambili ukhona, kodwa kuza kumthengi ngohlobo lweekhonsepthi.
Iingcali zethu
| 
| 
|
Kodwa. I-Konstantin Maslov, iNtloko yeThezulu iMisista yePropathi ye-Inban Inba De Luvo
b. I-Alexander Yelchgugin, intloko ye-sookolky dock yemveliso yemveliso
ngaphakathi. Konstantin Blinov, UMlawuli wezophuhliso "Isakhiwo sendlu yeNdlu"
| 
|
I-DMMMYCY ABIMOV, intloko yenkampani yegaradi
D. Yegor Ivanov, usekela loMlawuli-Jikelele we-villiaz-stroy
Zeziphi iintlobo zezindlu ezivela kwiKedar? Zeziphi iimpawu zale nto kufuneka zazi umthengi? Zivela phi lo phawu?
I-Ender Ivanov. Ukuhlala kwizindlu kwikhonkco lomsedare kuyinto entle. Siqhuba iinqwelo ezenzi zemisedare ezivela kwintsimi yeKrasnoyarsk. Ukuhanjiswa kuqhutywa ngokukhawuleza, malunga neentsuku ezi-4, ke akuchaphazeli ixesha lokwakha. Icodare yokwakhiwa kweNdlu kufuneka ivuke-ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-120, inobubanzi obuyi-40cm. I-UNADS isetyenziswa kwezingo lezinto eziqholiweyo. Ixabiso lokugqibela leNdlu kwisiseko - ukusuka kumawaka ama-20 amawaka. I-1m. Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokufakwa. Kuba izinto ezibonakalayo zinomswakama wendalo, ufuna ixesha lokufumba (ubuncinci unyaka omnye). Ukuqhubela kwe-pines yepine kunye nomsedare phantse ngokufanayo, kodwa umthamo wobushushu obuqhelekileyo se-larch uphezulu kancinane.
I-Konstantin maslov. Sihambisa imisedare enemivuzo evela kwi-Altali intsimi yeentsuku ezi-5-6. Xa uwa okanye ukwandisa umswakama endlwini, umsedare wafumana i-ion i-ion exabisekileyo kwiirekhodi eziphezulu zonyango kunye nevumba elikhethekileyo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, indlu yaseCedare igxininisa imeko yentlalo yomntu ohlala kuyo. Ixabiso lesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala ukusuka kwi-bied bar yi-20-30% ephezulu kunezakhiwo zepine.
Ngolungelelwano, ixesha lonyaka lingcono ukwakha indlu kwi-cedar riber?
UAlexander YelCculogin. Izihloko zokwakha zasekhaya kunye nezihloko ezahlukileyo kwezinye iitekhnoloji ezinokuthi zakhiwe phantse kuwo wonke unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwemozulu. Isithintelo semvula kuphela kunye ne-puciption yekhephu ngexesha lokufakwa. Kodwa ukuba sithetha ngengozi, emva koko indlu eyakhiwe ngexesha lasehlotyeni iya kuba ne-shrink encinci encinci ngaphezulu kokususela kwi-Okthobha ukuya kuFebruwari. Umxholo ophezulu wokulinganisa ophezulu wokulinganisa iinkuni zokugcina esitratweni ufezekisiwe. Oko kukuthi, kwizindlu ezakhiwe ngoNovemba okanye ebusika, ukulingana ngomswakali weenkuni, kubandakanya nezinto zodonga, ziya kumiselwa lixesha lokufakelwa, hayi itekhnoloji yokufaka.
Ngaba ixabiso lemisebenzi yenkuni?
UAlexander YelCculogin. Ukuba itekhnoloji ye-classical yesakhiwo echetyiweyo isetyenziswa, ke sinokuthi ihlathi, lilungiswe ebusika, lingcono. Phambili komgca kuba ilizwe lethu lilungile, iindlela zehlathi azilungile kuyo yonke indawo, ubusika lixesha lonyaka lokuthintela iinkuni. I-Alet ivunwe kuphela apho kukho iindlela. Ngokuphathelele itekhnoloji apho iimveliso ezenziwe ngomthi ezinomjikelo omde kunye negumbi lokumisa iinkuni ezihlawulweyo zisetyenziswa, uninzi lweentlobo zenkuni ezingcolileyo, apho ixesha eliqhelekileyo liyimpembelelo), ke ixesha lokulungiselela alikho kangako kubo.
Ifoto: "Igarant-stroy" | 
Ifoto: "Igarant-stroy" | 
Ifoto: "Igarant-stroy" | 
Ifoto: "Igarant-stroy" |
9-10. Izindlu zeprimiyamu-zepremiyamu zihlala zikhiwa ngaphandle kwi-pine, okanye ukusuka kwi-rict ene-50-300 mm (ukuba i-MM isetyenzisiwe) kunye ne-360mm (enenziwe ngesandla). I-quelties yezindlu ezininzi ihombisa i-terrace evulekileyo.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuba emva kokulungisa iinkuni kunye nee-antipherens, indlu ayisayi kukhanyisa. Kunokwenzeka njani ukuba kukho iingoma ezifanayo? Ngaba ikhona ingqiqo kwisenzo esinjalo?
I-Konstantin maslov. Ukuqala, jonga kakuhle izibalo zokukhusela umlilo. Esona sizathu siphambili somlilo wezindlu, kwaye asingowokhubazekile nje, lifakwe ngokungachanekanga, ii-will zomhlaba, ii-chimneys, i-walares yokufudumeza. Xa kusetyenzwa umlilo, iinkuni iba mngeni. Amatyala agqithisileyo anqwenelekayo, kodwa ayinikeli i-inshurensi epheleleyo. Ukuba itekhnoloji yokuxhaphaza yaphukile, kukho umlilo ovulekileyo (amakhandlela, icuba), ingozi igciniwe. Ngapha koko, kugxininiswa naliphi na ikhaya, kuba kwisitena sezitena kukho umgangatho wamaplanga kukho imigangatho yeplanga, uphahla lwezinto ezinokutsha. Ngokoluvo lwam, iinkuni zikhethwa ukusuka kwindawo yokhuseleko lomlilo, ngokwahlukileyo kumhombiso wangaphakathi olwenziwe ngezinto ezinokwenziwa. Xa kushiyiwe isakhiwo kumaxhoba ikakhulu kukhokelela ityhefu. Umthi nokuba ukutshiswa kungakhuthami ityhefu, kwaye indlu ingasoloko ishiywe.
I-Ender Ivanov. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba inyange nge-antipyrenes yezakhiwo zokulinganisa, imigangatho yokuxolisa, eya kuthi ivumela ixesha lokulibazisa umlilo, shiya indlu. Kulumkele ukuqhubekeka kwamacandelo angaphakathi anxibelelana ne-biosyer yeNdlu yokuPhezulu kweNdlu.
Yeyiphi indlu esele ivela kwi-serch yaseSiberia? I-LARCK LOGS Leliphi icandelo elisetyenziselwa ngokupheleleyo umtya ophakathi waseRussia?
I-Ender Ivanov. I-larch esiyiphathela eSiberia. Akukho zithintelo zingqongqo kububanzi. Ububanzi be-vest ye-logs-ukusuka kwi-26cm nangaphezulu. I-LARCH ihamba kakhulu, kunzima ukuqhubekeka, intle ngokwakhiwo, iqinile, engajikelezili, enefuthe elihle kwimpilo.
I-DMMMYCY ABOMOV. I-Cedar kunye ne-larch zihlala zikhuphisana nomnye. Ngenxa yefuthe lempilo, inzuzo exhasa i-larch, echaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo inkqubo yentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla. Lo mthi uxabisekile ngenxa yobume bayo, umbala omnandi, ongezompawu kwezinye iintlobo. Ngokuphathelele umahluko kwi-larch njengezinto zokwakha ezivela kwezinye izakhiwo, ngokukodwa kwipine, azikho, ngaphandle kobunzima bokusebenza, ubunzima bomsindo. Indleko ye-larch ithelekiswa nexabiso lepine, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo iindleko zothutho lwayo ukusuka eSiberia.
Zithini iikhrayitheriya zengqungquthela ye-Elite? Ngaphantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho indlu yolwakhiwo lwesichotho inokuhlelwa njenge-Elite?
I-Ender Ivanov. Okokuqala, kukhethwa kweelog zokwenza ilog. Sisebenzisa kuphela ihlathi lokwakha. Kwindlela yokugcina i-Elite ye-Elite, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza. Umzekelo, umgangatho wokuqala unokwenziwa njengendlu yelogo, kwaye okwesibini kufana nesakhelo selogi. Indlu enjalo iya kubonakala ilungile kuneNdlu yeNdlu yeNdawo ePhakamileyo inophahla lwethambo.
UAlexander YelCculogin. Umbuzo ophantsi kolwakhiwo lwe-coil luyaqondwa ukuba yindlu yelog yelog yelog edityanisiweyo ephathwe ngesandla. Iya kuvela kuqala kubo bonke ekusekwe kumgangatho ophezulu kwaye inesiqinisekiso esiphezulu sabasebenzi esibekiweyo. Ngaphandle kwale parameter, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthethe ngokupheliswa, nkqu nokusebenzisa eyona nkuni iphambili.
I-Ender Ivanov. Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo: Umthi omantla uyakhula (i-pines, ipine, i-brch), eyomeleleyo, ihlale ilunge ngakumbi. Unga-odola umthi kunye nakwiindawo ezingabamelwane, kodwa ayizukuhambelana neemfuno zokuxinana kweenkuni, eziboniswa ngabathengi.
Ifoto: "Isakhiwo sendlu yeNdlu" | 
Ifoto: IZBA De Luxe | 
Ifoto: IZBA De Luxe | 
Ifoto: "Isakhiwo sendlu yeNdlu" |
15. Indlu evela kwiBid Bar kwiProjekthi "Poolie". Izinto ezizezinto zodonga lwangaphakathi nangaphandle lwesakhiwo yi-Altai Cedar. Icandelo leRross ye-Brity yi-180x200mm. I-BID ye-bied ayikho ngokuxhomekeka kwifuthe elibi lokufuma okuphezulu kunye nobushushu behla. I-Brussia ayikazeki emva kwendibano.
Ungayikhetha njani uMqambi oPhekayo?
I-DMMMYCY ABOMOV. Phambili komgca odingayo ukuze wenze iimfuno zakho zendlu ezayo, emva koko, uhlole izinto ezakhiwe ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo, ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi inkampani eya kuba nakho ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ifanelekile ukuyisebenzisa. Kuya kuba nzima ukwenza ukhetho, ngakumbi ukuthathela ingqalelo iyantlukwano yezixhobo kunye netekhnoloji yokufakelwa. Kuyimfuneko ukutyelela inani elaneleyo lezinto ezakhiweyo, ukuthelekisa, ukuhlalutya. Kuyimfuneko ukuba unikele ingqalelo kuyilo lweNdlu, nakwisisombululo sokucwangcisa, kunye nokuchaneka kofakelo, kunye nexesha lonyaka lolwakhiwo. Uphawu oluhle lubukho bamaheyimu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeNdlu ngexesha lokugqiba imisebenzi. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokhetho lomphuhlisi yindlu eyakhiwe ixesha elithile, elivuyela umniniyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Konstantin Blinov. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezizodwa ayisiyondawo eqinisekisiweyo apho umthengi angabona isitampu, esinokuthi le mveliso ihambelana nezalathiso ezisemgangathweni. Ukuba kukho inkqubo yokuqinisekisa isiqinisekiso, umthengi wayeya kwazi ukuba indlu ihambelana nayo yonke imigangatho. UClege, umxholo onjalo wendlu esite akasekho.
Iinkampani ezininzi zenza amakhaya avela kwi-bied bar. Ezinye zisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwe-tu, ezinye-zibakhokelwa yimigangatho yehlabathi. Yintoni umahluko?
UAlexander YelCculogin. Umenzi unokukwazi ukukhokelwa yiyo ephuhliswe kwisiseko semigangatho yangoku yezasekhaya kunye netekhnoloji yayo. Ingasebenzisa kuphela imigangatho yasekhaya ngaphandle kokukhulisa eyakhe ukuba (eyenzeka kancinci). Okanye utshahlisa enye, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemigangatho yehlabathi. Kwenzekani? Umenzi wasekhaya, edlula kwinkqubo yokuzithandela, efumana isatifikethi sokungqinelana nekhithi. Aba bathobela, njengommiselo, ukuba kunye nemigangatho yorhulumente okanye eminye imigangatho onokuthi umvelisi aya kuvakalisa njengamaxwebhu elawulayo kwimveliso yayo. Ke iqumrhu lezeziqinisekiso lithelekisa iipropathi zezi mveliso ezinemilinganiselo yobugcisa yemigangatho. IKEKIK UMGAQO-NKQUBO, Ukuthotyelwa okufumanekayo. Kukho inkqubo yemigangatho yehlabathi. Kubonakala ngathi kuyanyanzeleka. Ngokwemigangatho yaseYurophu isebenza kwi-EU, imveliso ngokwayo iqinisekiswa, kwaye itekhnoloji, oko kukuthi, imilinganiselo ethile yezobuchwephesha eyenziwa ngumenzi ekwenzeni imveliso. Ke ngoko, ubukho besiqinisekiso sezizwe ngezizwe esinemveliso yeenkuni egxekayo siqinisekisa umthengi engeyiyo kuphela iimveliso, kodwa netekhnoloji yemveliso yazo ihambelana nemigangatho.
Konstantin Blinov. Ukuba ukubekwa kwemveliso kunesiqinisekiso saseYurophu, umthengi unokuqinisekisa ukuba isatifikethi siyafumaneka kwaye singafundanga imveliso ethile kunye nezo ndwendwe, kwisiseko sazo ezi ziphuhliswa kuzo ezi tu.
Ngenxa yento enokwandisa inqanaba lezihlangu ezishushu zendlu yomthi?
I-Ender Ivanov. Izindlu zothuli ngenxa yobubanzi be-roove ye-thermal. Ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yomgangatho wokusika, ukunqongophala kwemifanekiso, hangs, izithuba. Emva koko, ukubala ubukhulu obuyimfuneko wezinto ezigqityiweyo, ngaphezulu, umgangatho we-attic. Faka iifestile ezifanelekileyo zamandla.
I-Konstantin maslov. Iindawo ezibuthathaka zihlala zikufuphi nodonga kwisiseko, eluphahleni. Ndicebisa ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngokuthe ngqo useto lweenkqubo zokuphumelela. Ukuphulukana nobushushu kunokuncitshiswa, kubandakanya ngenxa yoseto olufanelekileyo kunye nokuphindaphinda kotshintshiselwano ngomoya endlwini. Apha ungasebenzisa zombini iintlobo zeendlela zokugcina uhlengahlengiso kunye nexesha elithile (mihla le) ukumiselwa komoya ngexesha losuku kunye nexesha. Umzekelo, xa kungekho bantu bendlu, umoya ovuthuzayo kufuneka uncitshiswe. Zonke ezi zinto zinobunzima kwaye zenza ukuba kufudumezwe ukwakhiwa.
I-DMMMYCY ABOMOV. Sinikela ingqalelo kuzo zonke iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokulahleka kobushushu. Senza uphahla kunye nokufakwa kwe-250-300mm nangaphezulu. Sisebenzisa i-inshulensi ye-nereventic esebenzayo, faka isiseko, khetha amandla iifestile ezifanelekileyo.
Zeziphi izindululo malunga nokufakwa kwangaphandle kweecunda phakathi kwezingodo?
I-Ender Ivanov. Ukufakwa kwendawo yongenelelo yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu. Isimo sam sengqondo sokutywina asinanto. Ngokoluvo lwam, itywina elitywiniweyo linokusetyenziswa kuphela kwityala elingenathemba - ukuba uyalele indlu esemgangathweni. Emva koko itywina elitywine liya kunceda ukusombulula ingxaki yokucoceka, ukulahleka kobushushu. Ngokwesiqhelo, moss, pass, iflakisi, isetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa kwelitye lengenelo. Ezi zezona zixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ze-eco-ges.
I-Konstantin maslov. Umthi - izinto eziphefumlelweyo. Ngengozi ngomthi womthi onomoya onomoya onomoya awuzukudlula. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphefumla kwendlu yomthi kungenxa yezinto ezimbini. Eyokuqala icotha kakhulu kwaye igudileyo yomoya ngepuzzle okanye i-computer ekhethiweyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba umoya awufumani ukongezwa kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, siya kugxila ekusebenziseni i-insullofation yendalo. Okwesibini luphefumla lwangaphakathi olufanele ubume be-resins. Ke ngoko, akukho mfuneko yokuba ithintele ngokupheleleyo ukugungxulwa kwendlu ngee-grooves.
I-DMMMYCY ABOMOV. Njengoko uyazi, amagqabi ashushu ikhaya lendlu ehamba endle, eyokwiiwindows, imigangatho yegumbi, iindonga. Ngomdibaniso wengenelo, inkampani yethu isetyenzisiwe ngezinto ezivela kwi-hilialan yegusha ye-klimalan, eveliswa eJamani. Ukuqala kokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, sizame ukutshintsha i-jate engasebenzi kwaye kulindeleke ukuba sinciphise ilahleko yobushushu ezindongeni. Ngapha koko, isiphumo sajika saya kuphakama - ukuncipha okukhulu kubushushu bodonga kwenzeke, kwaye i-inshulelelo yesandi yezakhiwo zangaphakathi zeNdlu zaphucuka kakhulu.
Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukugqiba indlu ye-elite?
UAlexander YelCculogin. Ukuqhutywa kogutyulo lweOtping kungaxhaswa yimali ekhethiweyo okanye ingaba nzima. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-carings efihlakeleyo engaphazamisi i-moya yendalo yodonga. Le yeyona mfuno iphambili kwiipropathi zomzimba zeepeyinti kunye neevarnies. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo kuya kuba kukhetho lwezixhobo zokufakelwa kobushushu kwaye zonke iintlobo zokupheliswa kwangaphakathi kwi-Insestions yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali - ifomathi, i-phenol, njl.