Uqoqosho kunye nobomi

ENaberezhnyE Chelny, ukwakhiwa kwekhaya elisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kugqityiwe ngamandla angama-78,5% ngaphantsi kunokuba kufanelekile kwimigangatho yokwakhiwa kwayo ngexesha lokwakha. Yakhelwe ubomi ngokuvisisana nendalo, indlu ifumene ibhalansi yendalo

Okwangoku wahlukanisiwe eRussia nakwihlabathi liphela, izindlu ezifanelekileyo zamandla zihlala zinolwazi lwanamhlanje nolungenamsebenzi kwaye zifakwe ngokwamandla avumela kwaye zisingenise amandla afanelekileyo, kwaye alawule zonke iinkqubo zayo iindlela zokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zezindlu ezinjalo uninzi lwabathengi baseRussia basasafuna ukuba bangathathi ithuba elingamkelekanga.

Yakha indlu "ye-folk"

Iingcali zeRocwool, zihlalutya amava abo atyebileyo kulwakhiwo lwezindlu ezifanelekileyo zamandla kunye namava okwakhiwa kwezinye iinkampani, kuseza kwiRussia, iseliziintsilo eziphantsi kakhulu zexesha elizayo , akukho mfuneko iphezulu yokuphelisa i-Ultra-yanamhlanje, kwaye ezo zingaphezulu kwezindlu ezisebenzayo nazo zonke iintsimbi kunye neentsimbi zezobugcisa, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ezinokufikelela kwiindleko ezingama-30 ezigidi. Nokuba kukuhla kwexabiso labo, amaxesha ama-2 umfanekiso akunakulindeleka ukuba utshintsha kakhulu. Kunqande ukuba iindleko zekhaya elinempumelelo lamandla liya kuba njenge-Europe naseMelika- akukho ngaphezulu kwe-30% iphezulu kunexabiso le-ruble eqhelekileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye aliyi kuba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-7-8. (Oko kukuthi, iya kuba malunga nekota yenani elingasentla), ke imfuno yezakhiwo ezivela kubathengi baseRussia zinokuba yinto enkulu kakhulu.

Nye

I-1-3. "Inkxaso" yeNdlu esebenza i-ranolithic esele isebenza i-rimbelithic encinci eqinileyo nobubanzi obungama-40cm, isiseko esibubunzulu be-70-80cm (1). Ngakwiikhiloti zekhonkrithi ezithunyelweyo, eziqukuqeyo ze-Bring Boring Bite, ezigutyungelwe ngumaleko wokungabikho kwamanzi. Igridi yokuqiniswa kwegridi (2) ifakwe kuyo. Emva koko, ukusebenzisa ibomvu kwaye i-grey ejongene nesitena, yazakhela indlu isiseko ekuphakameni kwe-60cm (3). Ukusuka ngasentla, kubekwe phezu kwecala lesibini.

ezine

Ntlanu

4, 5. Iindonga zendlu zibeke iibhloko zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi ezinobungakanani be-600x250x400mm, zibagqogqa ngesisombululo sesamente (4). Xa isebenza iwindow kwaye ukuvulwa kweminyango, i-Semupers yekhonkrithi yayisetyenziswa. Iindonga zodonga lokuqala "ibhanti" yesitena, ethi, xa usenza i-overlap, iba yinkxaso kwiziphelo zekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi (5).

Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwale meko, i-rockool yathatha isigqibo sokwakha iNdlu yendawo yokuhlala esebenzayo kakhulu yeNdlu yeNdawo ephakathi (i-186m2), ngenxa yoko, ngesiqhelo kwinxalenye yelizwe laseYurophu nakwabo baqhelene Kwabaninzi baseRussia kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ze-amaterete. Izixhobo zobugcisa zendlu ezinjalo kufuneka zibengqongqo ngaphakathi kwemida efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zokuphila zikhululekile ngokwaneleyo, ngokungathi kunjalo ukubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwexabiso elipheleleyo. Utata, njengoko wamangalelwayo "indlu yobomi" wakhiwe, kwakhiwa ibhalansi yendalo, nokuba oko ngenxa yoko kwakwazi ukufezekisa ababhali bengcinga, siya kuba siwathetha kweli nqaku. Kuyimfuneko ukuqiqa ukuba abahleli babeka izimvo kunye nezimvo zababhali bale projekthi ngohlobo ababemelwe kuzo.

Ukufakwa okusebenzayo

Kwenzeka loo nto ukuba ukusebenza kwamandla kwilizwe lethu kwakungazange ibe yinto ephambili, eyayikho ikakhulu ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zezixhobo zamandla. Kodwa namhlanje, xa amaxabiso epetroli kwaye umbane anyuke kakhulu, asinakuqhubeka nokutyeshela imeko yehlabathi ukuya kuthi ga. Ukwamkelwa ngokulula, ukuvumela amaxesha amaninzi ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu besakhiwo, kukufakwa kwezakhiwo zayo ezifakiweyo kusetyenziswa i-inshunser. Enye yezi zinto yi-rongwool yeqela leqela le-baslot, elinelebheli ye-ecomateing, eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kwalo ebantwini nakwisingqongileyo.

Ukukhuselwa ngamandla

Ngendlela yanamhlanje yokungqinelana kwezihlangu zobushushu, kucetywa ukuba kuqwalaselwe isakhiwo njengenkqubo evaliweyo yamandla kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye kungekuphela ngokunciphisa izakhiwo. Ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunikiweyo ngaphandle kokuncitshiswa okuyingozi kwintuthuzelo ye-microclmoge, iimfuno ezongeziweyo ziyaziwa: iqondo lokushisa aliziswanga: + +19 ... + 20 s) kunye neyona ivulekileyo (+ 17c), kodwa kunye nendawo yangaphakathi yazo zonke izinto zayo ezifihlakeleyo. Ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, ubukhulu becala ubalo lwe-therma lixabiso lenxalenye yamandla eshindlo yokufudumeza, okhethekileyo kwiklasi nganye yokusebenza kwamandla (ngokungqinelana ne-SPIP 23-02-2003 kuphela ezintlanu kuphela kwaye Zidikwe ziileta a, b, c, d, e). Indlela enjalo, ngokweengcali, ichanekile, njengokunyanzela umyili wokufezekisa iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwamandla ukonyusa amandla okufakelwa kwamandla.

Uhlaselo lwentliziyo kunye nomgangatho

Kwisixhobo somgangatho wamanzi afudumeleyo kumgangatho wesibini wendlu, abakhi babekwa phezu kwe-Slab Blall yefilimu, iipleyiti zelitye "zafakwa kuyo i-25mm i-25mm ungqimba. Imibhobho yomgangatho ofudumeleyo waphakama kwigridi kwaye izele zizikhukula ngekhonkrithi. Uphahla oluthambileyo lwezinto ezininzi ze-batts ezikhanyayo ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-250mm, zinokuncitshiswa kwe-RORDER PROORDER UKUSETYENZISWA KOKUGQIBELA RO = 6.1M2C / W. Umaleko ongezantsi weepleyiti (i-50mm) ihambelane ne-rafrid.

Iimeko zabaphuhlisi zazisebenza kubaphuhlisi ukuze indlu yeprojekti ihambelana neklasi yokusebenza kwamandla A. Ukufezekisa oku, baqulunqa izisombululo zodonga lokwandisa ubushushu beendonga, imigangatho kunye nophahla. Ibhalansi yendalo ifake iprojekthi yokugcina amandla e-chan-chient ene-76mm kunye ne-cun-hicords i-onrien i-onription kwiglasi yangaphakathi ezele irhasi ye-InErt egcwele igesi (i-DC / WC / W). Ngapha koko, uninzi lweefestile lujolise emazantsi, oluvumela uninzi lokusetyenziswa kwezibane zendalo kwaye kuthintelwe ubushushu obubandakanya imitha yelanga. Umnyango wendlu uxhotywe nge-vestibule, enciphisa ilahleko yobushushu.

Sibhozo

6-8. Ukwenzela ukwenziwa kwemilenze yokulinganisa kusetyenziswe iibhodi ezinecandelo lomnqamlezo lwe-200x50 mm. Iintloko ze-raftter zazigalelwe isibini, kwaye izibini zaziboshwe nge-skite beam (6). Iziphelo ezisezantsi ze-rafter zisekwe kwiMauert, eziqhotyoshelwe kwiindonga ze-anchors (7). I-PAROROIR: Ibekwe kwi-rafs kunye neeplate zokufakwa kobukhulu be-200 mm (8) babebekwe kuwo.

Thoba

Shumi elinanye

9. Ukufakwa okubekwe phakathi kweentshaba zagutyungelwa yi-membrane efihlakeleyo, ethi iimvavanyo ze-counter zicinezelwe nxamnye neempawu.

10, 11. Ukuze i-faker yentengiso ye-irmal, ihamba ezindongeni ukuya eluphahleni ngaphandle kokophula, iinkqubo zokufakelwa kunye nezinye zaqhutywa ngaxeshanye. Xa iindonga zifakwe kubo, ngoncedo lwezinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi, ikhreyithi kwiBhodi ngeCandelo le-150x50mm (10) laxhonywa, kwaye emva koko iipleyiti zenziwe phakathi kwe-racks yayo I-150mmm, ukongeza ukubafaka kwiindonga zeplate-napile (11).

Inkqubo yokufakelwa kweendonga kunye nophahla luboniswe ngokweenkcukacha kwiifoto kunye nezikimu, ngoko ke izimvo ezinkulu, ngokoluvo, azidingi. Inkqubo ye-AVTOT yenkqubo yokufakwa komgangatho siza kujongeka ngakumbi.

Ubushushu

Umgangatho womgangatho wokuqala wadala emva kokuba isiseko sendlu sathunyelwa. Kwangqinelana nomhlaba oxhobileyo ophuma ngaphakathi kwendlu, wabeka udonga lokungaphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo eyaqala kwiindonga zesiseko kwaye kwindawo ephezulu yokwahlula isiseko se-Bick ukusuka kwibhloko yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi. I-ihydraulic i-i-hydraulic igalelwe kunye nodongwe ngobungqingqwa be-200mm (kwangaxeshanye kwinqanaba eliphezulu kufuneka lihambelane nenqanaba eliphezulu lomqolo wokuqala weConchion yesiseko sekhosi. Ngokubhekele phaya, i-ceramzot yayiphalaza i-cemence yobisi lobisi, ke inkitha yekhonkrithi ihamba ngobungqingqwa be-100mm, iqiniswe yigridi yendlela, yahlutha. Yabekwa kwilitye lakhe lezifungo zoboya "iibhlukhwe zeFlor" ubukhulu be-150mm. Ukusuka phezulu, ungqameko olubonakalayo kunye negridi yentsimbi yasetyenziswa apho imibhobho yomgangatho wamanzi wancamathela khona, emva koko yathulula enye i-Iricate i-8mm.

Shumi elinane

12-14. Ngaphesheya kweRafter egxekwe ikhreyithi kwiBhodi ngeCandelo le-100x330mm, kwaye kwangaxeshanye babeka i-cupes kwimibhobho yesitena, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufihla i-winrialth ifumaneka (12 ). Ikhreyithi ibekwe kwikhaphethi yesikhokelo kunye ne-tile yentsimbi (13). I-inshuler yayigutyungelwe yi-vallgrane efihlakeleyo eludongeni, imcinezela ukuba ifake i-subser yi-hiki aunger (14).

Shumi elinantlanu

Shumi elinesthandathu

15. Phezu kwe-membrane yokufaka amanzi, i-lattice yabekwa ngecandelo le-100x50 mm, phantsi kwalo, ukudalwa kwesap esingenayo, sibeka imivalo enecandelo le-30x30 mm.

16. Iiphaneli zendalo ze-rockpanel ziqhotyoshelwe kwikhreyithi edaliweyo yombala oluhlaza-onsundu, ngokufanayo nethoni lezitshisi ezivela kwilitye loboya. Ezi phanezi zihlulelwe yinto yokuba emva kwexesha elithile emva kokufakwa, umbala utshintshiwe, uthenga i-tint ebomvu-brown.

Izixhobo zobunjineli

Ukufudumeza kunye nenkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi eshushu kubonelelwe ngenkcitho yempompo yomhlaba, amaqula alishumi ayenziwa kwindawo esecaleni kwendlu, ubunzulu be-35m kwi-35m 35m, kodwa kwinkqubo yokuqhuba i-70m Xa udlulisa imitha engama-35 ebalaseleyo kwi-Bassalt Greaservoir, ngenxa yoko, kwakuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ubunzulu bamaqula kabini kwaye bandise inani labo le-2,5). Imibhobho ye-PD edibanisa impompo endlwini ene-quelts ibekwe kubunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-1.5 m, ephantsi kunenqanaba lomhlaba. Into ayiyiyo i-radiator yemveli, ukufudumeza kuyaqinisekisa ngenxa yomgangatho wokufudumeza amanzi (inkqubo yokufudumeza amanzi). I-AVT kwisixhobo senkqubo yokubonelela ephakathi yokuhambisa kunye nokuhla kwe-winsund yokufumana ubushushu yayithathe isigqibo segumbi eliphilayo ngokungena kwifestile okanye i-windows, isuswe kwi-ventilation yakho ibekwe ekhitshini nakwigumbi lokuhlambela. Ababhali bengcinga "yendlu yobomi" bagqiba kwelokuba benze okubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo zezoqoqosho ezenziwa nguwe, oqinisekileyo bomoya oqingqiweyo kunye neendleko zokuvuselela ubushushu Ixabiso elikhulu kwaye iindleko zokufunyanwa kwayo, ufakelo kunye nokusebenza kwentlawulo ngenxa yobushushu obugciniweyo. Iinginginya zeNdlu, ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, ziya kufuna, kwixa elizayo zinokuzifaka kwiifestile zesixhobo sokulungelelanisa ukuhamba komoya ngokusisigxina, kunye neendlela zokuhlambela zinokuxhotyiswa ngokupeyinta Abalandeli bomoya ekujoliswe kuyo rhoqo. Kuya kuba nakho ukuhamba nakwezodwa ukubambelela kwiindonga zendawo yokuhlala yezixhobo zeNdlu eziKhethekileyo zeNdlu ezixhotywe nge-RUCUTOTORET.

Ukufudumeza kweendonga zangaphandle

Iindonga zangaphandle zendlu zine-R = 5.2 m2 c / w. Zenziwe ngeebhloko zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi ezinobunzima obuyi-400 mm kwaye zifakwe ngaphandle kweepleyiti ze "vobatts d" ngobukhulu be-150 mm. Ukusuka ekuvezweni kwempembelelo, ukufudumala, ukufakelwa kwe-membrane efihlakeleyo kunye ne-facted spented, yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweephaneli zokuhombisa okusekwe kuboya belitye - i-rockpanel.

Ukuba ekugqibeleni

Kufuneka yamkelwe into yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo ezifanelekileyo amandla okwakhiwa kwebhalansi yendalo kukhokelele ekunyukeni kweendleko zolwakhiwo xa kuthelekiswa ne-22.2% (ehambelana ngokupheleleyo ne Umahluko kwiindleko zezindlu ezifanelekileyo zezakhono neziqhelekileyo ziseNtshona). Nangona kunjalo, kufanele ukuba kukhathalelwe ukuba ukuba indlu, ifakwe ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yangoku kwaye ifudumezwe i-175 kWh ukuya kwi-1m ngonyaka, emva koko i-37.3 kWh ye-1m iyafuneka kwikhaya elifanelekileyo lekhaya ukubala. Iziphumo zolondolozo lonyaka ngenxa yokunciphisa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufudumeza kuya kuba zii-ruble ezingama-22,125. Ngonyaka, okuya kuvumela malunga neminyaka eli-12 ukucacisa iindleko ezandayo zokwakha ikhaya elisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

17.

Shumi elinesibhozo

Shumi elinethoba

17-19. Zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala zeNdlu zishushu ngoncedo lwamanzi ashushu, imibhobho yepolimere eqhotyoshelwe kwigridi ifakwe ngaphezulu kwe-therment egubungela i-slab (17). Yonke le mibhobho idibanisa umzobo, kwindawo "yegumbi le-boiler" kufutshane nempompo ye-pump yobuqhetseba (18). Kukho omnye umdibaniso, apho imibhobho ye-PHP ye-PHIT (19) incitshisiwe.

Kwibali lonke, kuhlala kunokongeza ukuba ibhalansi eyakhelwe-yendalo yafumana usapho oluqhelekileyo, oluye lwayalela yonke into kwaye luye lona, ngolonwabo ndingayibiza kakhulu Kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali losapho, eqinisekisa ukuba ukwakhiwa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwengeniso, kuyafumaneka kwaye kungafunwa.

I "Rotphanels" kunye noyilo

I-Rockpanel i-eco-fage ye-eco-fage ukusuka kwi-Basbalt yohlobo olusekwe, elisetyenziselwa ukugqiba ilizwe elingenayo kunye ne-quililated witleed. Banozinzo lomhlaba, bomelele ngokwaneleyo, kulula ukuqhubekeka kwaye bajamelana nayo nayiphi na imiphumo yendalo, kuba bengaxolelwanga nakukufuma kwama, kodwa nokuguquguquka kubushushu kunye nobushushu. Le mveliso ayihambelani kuphela ne-eco-kuphela (i-SOOL yelitye igqunywe ngepeyinti esekwe emanzini, kwaye inkqubo yayo yemveliso iqinisekisiwe ngokwe-ISO 14001), kodwa ikuvumela ukuba uphumeze ezona ngqiqweni ze-Arviects kunye Izakhiwo ezitsha, ukuvumela ukuba udlale ngaphezulu kwe-100 yemibala yemibala (kukho neephaneli ze-chameleon chameleon).

Inkcazo yomgangatho wokuqala

Isicwangciso sokuqala somgangatho 1. I-Tambour 5.8m2

2. IHolo ye-9.0m2

3. Ikhitshi le-TACHEEN 10,48M2

4. Igumbi lokuhlala 26.7m2

5. IKhabhinethi i-15.1M2

6. Igumbi lokuhlambela 5.26m2

7. Igumbi le-Boiler i-6,6m2

8. Garage 31,7m2

Inkcazo yomgangatho wesibini

Isicwangciso somgangatho wesibini 1. IHolo 9M2

2. Igumbi lokulala 20,7m2

3. I-Wardrobe 2,7m2

4. Igumbi lokuhlambela i-7,6m2

5. igumbi lokulala i-16,6m2

6. igumbi lokulala le-19,1m2

Abahleli benkosi e-roclool ngoncedo ekulungiseleleni loo nto.