Xa ukhala ngokutsha ihlafuli rhoqo kufuneka wakhe ulwahlulo phakathi kwamagumbi. Le misebenzi ayithathwa njengentsonkothileyo, kwaye abanini abaninzi banika "ekuchitheni" kwi-masters evela kwi-Brigade engaqhelekanga. Kwaye ke kufunyaniswe ukuba uyilo aluyeki ngokupheleleyo, aluyithinteli imithwalo kunye neempuku. Masizame ukufumanisa ukuba ungayiphepha njani inkathazo
Xa ukhala ngokutsha ihlafuli rhoqo kufuneka wakhe ulwahlulo phakathi kwamagumbi. Le misebenzi ayithathwa njengentsonkothileyo, kwaye abanini abaninzi banika "ekuchitheni" kwi-masters evela kwi-Brigade engaqhelekanga. Kwaye ke kufunyaniswe ukuba uyilo aluyeki ngokupheleleyo, aluyithinteli imithwalo kunye neempuku. Masizame ukufumanisa ukuba ungayiphepha njani inkathazo
Ngokukhawuleza yenza ugcino olukweli nqaku siza kuthetha kuphela malunga nokukhutshwa kwamanye amazwe. "Kwizigcawu" ziya kuhlala zihombisa ubuhlobiso kunye noyilo oluguqukayo, ulwazi oluza kuba nakho ukufumana kuwo "iVD", 2007, n 4 (105); Ngo-2010, N 6 (140). Ukufakwa ngokutsha kwezinto zakhiwe kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neepleyiti okanye i-plasterd kunye ne-platers kunye nemakhishithi eyomileyo (GKL kunye ne-GWL) ngaphambi kokugqiba imisebenzi. Kwangelo xesha, isiseko sisilayidi sokuqhubela phambili okanye i-conrite yekhonkrithi yomgangatho, kwaye ezindlwini ezine-beams paylaps - i-beam yedrafiki okanye i-beam yedrafiki okanye i-biam yedrafiki okanye i-biam.
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3. Nakwicala elicekeceke (i-130-150mm) lezitena, unokulungisa izakhiwo ezinzima ngaphandle komngcipheko, umzekelo izibuko. Ukuba isahlulelo senziwe ngeebhloko ze-foam, sebenzisa ii-dowels ezizodwa kunye nee-anchors zekhemikhali. Ngokuncamathisela ngokukhuselekileyo uyilo olomeleleyo luya kuba nakho kuphela ukuba uyazi apho iiprofayili ze-8
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4. Ukuzakha iindonga zeRadius ngumsebenzi onzima. Kuya kufuneka sikhokele ukungenisa kumazantsi amakhafu kwindawo esondeleleneyo kwaye isetwe kwi-plum, emva koko kwiindlela ezininzi zokwenza umphezulu womphezulu okanye i-plaster.
5. Ibhloko ye-foam edityanisiweyo yinto ebonakalayo emsebenzini. Kodwa ukusonga udonga oluqinileyo kuyo, kufuneka usebenzise iglue ekhethekileyo, landela ukunxiba kwemiqadi kwaye ulungiselele ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula
Iintloko zegolide embindini
Xa kuzisa ulwahlulo-nye, kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo iimfuno eziphikisana. Amacala, uyilo kufuneka lukhanye kwaye ungabi kakhulu ukuze umthwalo kwi-overlap akonyuki, kwaye indawo eluncedo ayiyeki. Ukongeza, uhlala ufuna ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa iindleko zezinto kunye nomsebenzi. Icala eliqinileyo, ukuba izahlulelo zikhanya kakhulu kwaye zinqabile, zonyusa umngcipheko kwiindonga zezo donga kwindlu yonke, kwaye uzama ukuxhoma umfanekiso, ngefestile "ngequbuliso igumbi elingummelwane.Ubunzima besahlulelo bunyanzelekile ukuba bube bungabi ngaphantsi kobubanzi (ubunzulu) bebhokisi yendlela yokuhamba emnyango (malunga ne-90mm), kunye nobuchule bokwenyani obunezandi-ungqinelana ne-snip 23-03-2003 "ukukhuselwa kwengxolo". Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, kwizindlu zodidi B (ngeemeko ezikhululekileyo), izahlulo phakathi kwamagumbi endlu kufuneka ibonelele ngengxolo yomoya nge-41DB, kunye negumbi lokuhlambela kunye ne-47DB. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iimfuno zenyoka ziyithobekile kakhulu kwaye zibhetele ukuba zixabiseke kwixabiso le-52-54DB - isandi esinjalo sengxolo yengxolo (i-RW) inodonga lwezitena (i-RW) luhle kakhulu lwe-280mm. Ukufakwa kwesandi sesandi njengomnye wempikiswano siya kubuyela ngaphezulu kwesinye. Okokugqibela, ngokwe-snip 2.01.02-85 "Izithethe zomlilo", izahlulo zangaphakathi ezisisigxina kufuneka zibe nomda wokunganyangekala komlilo ubuncinci zivumelekile kwaye zisebenza nzima izixhobo).
I-WIP yezindlu izahlulelo zihlala zenziwa ngomva (malunga ne-100mm) i-monolithic iqine kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi yokuphosa ngexesha lokulungiswa kwendlu kunxulunyaniswa nobunzima obungafikeleliyo (isidingo sokwakha umsebenzi, ukusetyenziswa komxube, ikhonkco lekhonkrithi.). Ke ngoko, izahlulelo zakhiwa kwizitena, iibhloko ezincinci - ikhonkrithi ye-foam (igesi-irhasi) kunye ne-ceralzisete ikhonkrithi, i-PGPT ye-Peratite (PGP), kunye ne-GLCs kwi-GLCS kwisimo sentsimbi. Yintoni engcono? Akukho mpendulo ichanekileyo kulo mbuzo. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezinto zabo ezingalunganga.
Ngaphandle kwengxolo enkulu kakhulu
Kwizifundo eziphakathi nephezulu, i-inshurensi yesandi ixhomekeke ikakhulu kubunzima bomqobo. Ukongeza, izinto ezinamafutha ziyakwazi ukucima ingxolo yomoya wekhaya, ezinjenge-Basalt Wool Mats. Kunzima ukujongana nengxolo enkulu ye-frequency enokuthi "rally" nayiphi na isahlulelo kwaye senze isandi sesandi kwigumbi elilandelayo. Nazi ezona ntlobo zezitena zisebenzayo, kunye nezakhiwo zokutshintsha iingqwantya ezithambileyo neziqinileyo, kwaye le yokugqibela akufuneki idityaniswe ngokungqongqo kunye.
Udinga izitena ezininzi ...
Iintsuku ze-VSAshi yeentsuku ze-Brick izahlulo ziphulukene nengqondo yazo-kukhuphiswano lwezinye izixhobo zichaphazela. Zithini na izinto ezinokutsha: Zihlala zihleli, ziyakwazi ukuzigcina izidlelo, kwaye ngenxa yokubulela i-Polkirpich i-Polkirpich i-Polkirpich inobunzima, kodwa nakwimidanga ephantsi. Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa ne-monolithic yoqiniswa kwikhonkrithi, izitena azichaphazeleki kangako kwi-oscillations efihlakeleyo.
Xa kubeka ulwahlulo lwangaphakathi, i-Masryry idla ngokuqhutywa kwi-Illipichi Conser (indlela enjalo ibonelela ngomnxeba olungileyo kunye nomaleko we-plaster). Ukujonga kuwo omabini amacala e-pollolickich inesalathiso sengxolo yengxolo ye-45-47DB. Udonga olukrakra ngobungqingqwa be-80-100mm (i-mandry kwi-password enendawo yokusebenza) Esi salathisi asidluli kwi-DB, kwaye amandla asezantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ngoncedo lwayo, unokwahlukana nje amagumbi okusebenzisa (amagumbi okugcina, i-WEDROBE.P.). Kodwa kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise ukuqiniswa rhoqo kunye nokuqiniswa kwe-wire yensimbi.
Ukubuka iindwendwe, ngamanye amaxesha iingenelo zinokuguqula ukungabi nakhohlakeleyo. Ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bokwahlula izitena, abanakwakhiwa kwizindlu ezindala ezinamachaphaza amadanga. Nokuba kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo zepaneli emva kweminyaka eli-10 yenkonzo, owona mthwalo uvumelekileyo kwi-1m2 ngaphezulu kwe-5m2 engaphezulu kwe-500kg (kulula ukubala ukuba isahlulelo se-polkirpich siyaphela i-stoves yonke imida yamandla). Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuqala ngokutsha ngokutsha, zama ukufumana kwiprojekthi iMbuyekezo ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nobuchule obuxhasayo boyilo lwekhaya lakho. Ukusetyenziswa kwesitena esivunyiweyo kukuvumela ukuba unciphise umthwalo kwi-SLAB phantse amaxesha ama-2, nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweengcali alusabelanga kakuhle malunga nokukwazi kweendonga ezinqabileyo kwezi zixhobo.
Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba abavelisi, ngandlel 'isebenza ngakumbi ngokwemigaqo yokuchonga i-ceramic benamatye kunye neebhloko ze-250x1320x120 / 140mm. I-Syntontom, enkosi kwi-jometri efanelekileyo, kulula ukuyibeka. Hlala ukhumbula ukuba kunzima ukulungisa izinto ezinzima ukuya ezindongeni kunye nee-voids. Kuyinyani, ukuba kwiindawo eziqikelelweyo zokuqikelelwa ukuba zigalele uhadi wesamente, uyilo luya kunyamezela iplagi elinzima okanye i-chargs enzima (ngendlela efanayo uqinisa i-SAMRING kwi-cecks yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi.
Izinto ezingalunganga kwezinto ze-Brick zikwanobunzima bokwakha kunye nokufunwa phezulu kubuchule beenkosi. Ngamanye amaxesha ifakwe kakubi. Kuyimfuneko kwi-GLC ye-GLC, kwaye oku ngokungeyomfuneko kunyusa ubukhulu besahlulelo kunye neendleko zayo. Amaxabiso e-Brick kunye ne-Masonry Umsebenzi oguqukayo ngokubanzi. Ke, ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-Moscow, i-1 pose I-Brick isahlulelo se-2,7m ukuphakama akunakukwazi ukubiza ngaphantsi kwe-4800 i-ROUR. Udonga oluvela kwiibhloko ezigciniweyo ziya kubiza kakhulu, kwaye ukusuka kwikhonkrithi ye-ceramnjite-i-shoring ngama-20%.
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8. Ukuphucula iipropathi zokuthintela iphindwe zezandi ezivela kwi-biring okanye i-Holey Brick, ii-cavies zayo zangaphakathi kufuneka zizaliswe zizixhobo ezithambileyo. Kuyinyani, ukuqina komsebenzi kuya kunyuka izihlandlo ezininzi.
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9. I-fiber ye-fiber ye-fiber ye-fiber-elungileyo nengabizi kwaye ingabizi kakhulu isandi
Ifomati ye-vaga
Enye into enesitena isebenzisa ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kunye ne-ceramzite ikhonkrithi, kunye ne-PGP. Kuyo nayiphi na intengiso yokwakha uya kufumana i-Found ye-Found Priment Blocks 600x350X150 // 120/100 / 75mm, ubunzima obuthile obungama-12 amancinci amancinci amancinci amancinci. Iibhloko zingancitshiswa kunye nesisombululo esiqhelekileyo, nangona kungcono ukusebenzisa iirakhi ezikhethekileyo, ezinjenge-under. I-Bat ("i-Saint-Goben ye-GoBen Swist Rus", iRussia). Kodwa qaphela ukuba udonga luya kuba nodaka kumacala omabini. I-Vitoga iya kuba yi-15-20% yexabiso eliphantsi. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba eyona nto iphambili (i-utsa ngesantya) umthwalo kwilaphu elinamaqhina xa usebenzisa i-anchors enamandla engadluli kwi-20kg.Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-PGP epheleleyo kunye ne-PGP ye-PGP i-PGP, ibekwe kwi-Alabaster okanye iglue ekhethekileyo, "Gypkkta" (iRudekta, iRussia). Utyhafa iingenelo zabo: Zininzi ngakumbi kunezibhloka ze-foam, ngaphandle, ngokubekwa okucocekileyo, ukwahlula kufuneka kungabikho nkohliso. Ukulungelelanisa kwaye uvale imigca, kufuneka ufake isicelo sesibini okanye ezintathu zefati. Ngenxa yoku, iindleko zesakhiwo zihlala zingadluli kumawaka ama-3 ruble. Kwi-1 p. m.
Ukuphuculwa kwezibhloko ze-foam kunye ne-PGP Ixabiso le-RW Index ye-RW yi-4-6db iphantsi kuneso sezitena zobukhulu obufanayo. Ukongeza, ukubekwa kwe-PGP kwaziwa ngamandla ayo okudlulisela ingxolo yesakhiwo kwizakhiwo. Ke ngoko, ukuba uyahlulahlula igumbi lokulala okanye iofisi, ubuncinci kwisandla esinye (ngcono ukusuka kumthombo wengxolo) ukufaka isicelo sokufakelwa kwesandi esinyulwe. Eyona nto iphambili kwi-GLC, nangona kunjalo, isakhelo sayo siye saphakanyiswa sisebenzisa i-vibrary yokuhambahamba kwe-vibration, kwaye indawo engenanto izaliswe yimpahla yengxolo, i-acoustic "(i-rocwool, iDenmark)," I-Denmark "(" I-Saint-Goben ye-GoBen Swist ") IIDR. I-interm ephakamileyo yesandi (i-RW ubuncinci i-52DB) inoyilo lwe-PGP: imela iindonga ezizimeleyo ezibini omnye komnye, phakathi komgama ongu-10-40mm oxutywe nge-dasing phespy okanye i-mat-abker ).
Uhamba phi ucango?
Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa kweengcango zokutyibilika zenziwe kakuhle kwinqanaba lokwakha. Kule meko, akunzima ukudala udonga nge-niche apho i-canvas iza kuhamba khona, kwaye oku akuyi kufuna iindleko ezongezelelekileyo kunye nolwando olubalulekileyo kubunzima besahlulelo. Izixhobo zokwakha zisebenze i-GLCs eqhelekileyo kunye neeprofayili zentsimbi - iifreyimu ezimbini ezizimeleyo ziqokelelwa kumgama we-40-50mm ukusuka kumgama ongu-40-50mm omnye komnye (ungayisebenzisa kunye nendlela yokuhamba kwe-canvas). Emva kokuhlanganisa isakhelo, isikhokelo sikaloliwe kunye nee-canvas ngokwayo zifakwe, zixhotywe ngeerollers. Ilandela uyilo loyilo ngu-Plasterboard kuphela emva kweeveki ezi-2 kuphela - i-pre-trigger ye "Drigger" i-programs "iqhube" i-magesm kwaye ihlengahlengise ukuba kukho imfuneko, kuba ukufikelela ngakumbi kwizikrelem ezilungelelanisiweyo ziya kuba nzima.
Umhlaziyi wememo
Izahlulelo ezenziwe ngezitena kunye neebhloko kufuneka zakhiwe kwi-slab yokugqobhoza okanye inyathelwa yomgangatho, kodwa kwi-8-80 mm) ye-MM. "Isiseko" sikuvumela ukuba usasaze ngokulinganayo umthwalo kwisiseko, unyuse amandla okuxhasa okuqinisekileyo kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwi-Masonry. Ngaphantsi kwesiseko kukuphumla kwibhendi yerubhiroid. Oku kuyimfuneko kwikhonkrithi ngaphandle kokuyoma, ukunika umswakama i-Slab. Umaleko weRubbeid nawo usebenza njengokhuselo kwingxolo yolwakhiwo. Esona siseko sibalaseleyo sokwahlulahlula i-PGP iya kuba yibhendi ye-cork yezobugcisa enobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-5mm. I-tube okanye ezinye izinto zokulungisa izinto ezisebenzayo ngamanye amaxesha zifakwe kwiindawo zokulala, kodwa uninzi lwabakhi bathathele lo mlinganiso wokungafuneki.
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12. Kwindawo ebanzi, apho kumbalwa ifenitshala ehlala yenzeka khona isiphumo se-echo. Ukwenza i-acoustic ye-ACoustic enesidima, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi, ukukhanya kunye neentonga ezinqabileyo ezivela kwi-GLCs kwisakhelo semineral okanye esinye sengxolo siyakhiwa. Uyilo olufanayo luyakwazi ukuthumela i-wave yesandi ngexesha elinqwenelekayo kwaye unciphise ixesha lokuphindwa
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13-17. Ukufakwa kwezinto zePlasterd Plcerboard Plcerboard Izahlulelo ezizaliswe ziimathi ezivela kwi-Wools yelitye " Kwangelo xesha, i-pitch yanyulwa, esekwe kubungakanani be-mats evalayo. Isakhelo esigqityiweyo sinqunyulwe kwelinye icala le-HCL (14), emva koko kwabekwa impahla yengxolo phakathi kweeprofayili (15). Amaqabane kufuneka aqine, ngaphandle kwe-GAPS ingena kwiiseli ezenzelwe bona (16). Isahlulelo siphantse silungile (17) - ihlala igcina kuphela ukulungisa ukudibana kwamashiti, yenza ukugqiba ukugqiba kwaye ufake umnyango
Iindonga ze-capital kunye nepleyiti ye-Opper ngaphezulu kwesitena okanye isahlulelo sebhlokhi sizimisele ukusebenzisa izikhonkwane zobambiso okanye ipleyiti kwi-2mm yentsimbi, kufutshane nokubeka i-2mm. Kwangelo xesha, inyathelo elithe nkqo lingabi ngaphezu kwe-500-600 mm, kunye ne-1200 mm. Izinto ezivulekileyo zigqunywe ziibhloko zemodeli ezinkulu, zilungile okanye ziphoswe kwindawo yokuqiniswa kwekhonkrithi okanye intsimbi yentsimbi (iikona, iindlela okanye ukubekwa kwiintonga).
Umsantsa phakathi kwekhonkco elingaphezulu le-masonry kunye ne-overlap idla ngokuzaliswa yi-foam enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo zinokuthathwa kwesandi esiphantsi, oko emva kokuba i-polymerizazation ye-foam kukufanele ukwahlulahlula i-thung ukuya kwi-20-30 mm kumacala omabini kwaye uzalise ngodaka lwamacala omabini.
Kuthetha ukusukela
Ukwahlulwa kwiigumbi zokuhlambela kunye neekhitshi kungcono ukuyakha kwizitena ezibomvu ezibomvu okanye ukusuka kwi-PGROPOPEED ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zivunyelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe (ngaphandle kwe-GLCs engeyiyo i-GLCs), kubandakanya ikhonkrithi ye-ceramnzite ikhonkrithi kunye neebhloko zekhonkrithi. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela kuya kufuneka ikhuselwe kusetyenziswa iingoma ezikhethekileyo zeplanethi kunye nokungazithembi, ezinje nge-magnum ("Glia)," i-tiner k "(i-tiner k" (i-rubltz), iFlachendict (Knauf) ( Zombini - iJamani), Osmofl Ex (Index, e-Itali). Ngokungqinelana neendlela zefashoni ngoku, xa kusetyenziswa iibhafu zeSeptal, iibhloko zeglasi zisetyenziswa, zidibanisa nezinye izinto. Isisombululo esivumela ukuba kungekuphela nje ekuphuculeni ngaphakathi, kodwa ikwaphucula indawo yendawo, ngelixa kungayi kuchaphazela ukufuduswa kwesandi sabo.Ugqatso
Isahlulelo se-plasterboard sinokwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kunokuvela kwiibhloko ze-foam okanye iipleyiti ze-gypsim, kwaye ziya kuba ngamaxesha angama-2-4. . . Enye ilungelo elibalulekileyo lodonga oluvela kwi-GLC kukuba kwiifaids zawo kulula ukubeka unxibelelwano (kwisitena okanye ibhlokhi okanye ibhlokhi kuya kufuneka senze amanqanaba oku). Ixabiso lokwahlulahlula iplani liphantsi kakhulu: Nokuba usebenzisa isakhelo esiphindwe kabini kunye nokuzaliswa koboya bezimbiwa, kuya kuxabisa amawaka ama-4 ruble. Kwi-1 p. m.
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18. Ukubekwa kweebhloko zeglasi kuhlala kuqhutywa kwi-cemetion pament okanye i-glue egxunyelweyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, sebenzisa isamente emhlophe, apho kongezwa idayi. I-SEAMS izele yimibala enemibala.
19. Abavelisi babonelela ngeebhloko zeglasi kwimibala emininzi. Ezi zixhobo zinobuhle kwaye zikhuselekile.
20. Ubuncinci bobukhulu bokwahlulahlulahlulwa kweplani kwifreyimu kabini - i-110mm. Ukuba iyimfuneko ekwenzeni i-cave ngaphakathi koyilo lweentambo zombane, imibhobho okanye i-ducts zomoya, umgama phakathi kwezakhelo kufuneka inyuswe
Nangona kunjalo, akukho lula ukufumana izikhombisi ezanelisayo ezanelisayo xa kusenziwa isahlulo seplani. Ngenxa yobunzima obuncinci kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, idlulisela ngokulula isandi kuluhlu oluxhaphakileyo. Kuya kufuneka siqokelele sodwa, kodwa iifreyimu ezimbini ezizimeleyo (zanele ukushiya ububanzi be-10mmm ye-10mm phakathi kwabo). Amavili apho iiprofayili zesakhelo zikufuphi neendonga kunye ne-overlaps, kufuneka ufake i-galls ye-elastic (umzekelo, kwirabha ye-polber). Iiseli zefreyimu zizaliswe ziingxolo zengxolo. Ngobukhulu be-120-140mm, isalathiso se-RW yoyilo lolu hlobo limalunga ne-47DB. Ukuba ayisiyo elinye icala lesakhelo kwicala ngalinye kwicala ngalinye, kwaye kukho i-HCL ye-HCL, kukho i-slot yamashiti ngereyitha, ixabiso le-RW liya kwanda nge-4-5db.
Ukudilizwa okucocekileyo
Akukho meko ayinakuthenjwa ukudilizwa kwamacandelo amadala ngamaBrigade ahleliwe. I-rosts yeprofayili enobungozi "ixhobile kuphela i-bilforator kuphela, i-grinder encinci kunye nesiletho, kwaye uninzi lwento yokugqibela ihamba ngokuchanekileyo. Imingxunya eqinileyo eyenzekayo ibonakaliswa kakubi zonke izinto ezakhiweyo zezakhiwo: zibuthathaka kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yokuqiniswa, i-Interpanel Services iceliwe, unxibelelwano lunokubandezeleka. Oku akuyi kwenzeka ukuba uqhagamshelana nenkampani ekhethekileyo esebenzisa isaqhwithi esinamandla seDiski-ngoncedo lwabo, ukomeleza kwekhonkrithi elinqunyanyiwe ngokucocekileyo kwiziqwenga ezincinci. Kuyinyani, amaxabiso anjalo ngoku aphezulu kakhulu - amawaka ama-6 ama ruble. Ukudiliza 1 Izahlulo.
Kodwa ukuba, umzekelo, uza kuxhonywa ngamasherves onzima kwisahlulo seplani, asizikhuseli kwi-trim, kodwa kwisakhelo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukugcina umzobo ngophawu lwendawo yeeprofayili ezixhasayo okanye kwinqanaba lokwakha, sebenzisa uphawu oluhambelana nodonga kwaye ungayivali xa ugqibile. Ukuba umthwalo obaliwe ugqitha kwi-25kg, isakhelo siyakucelwa ukuba sikhule nge-jumpers eyongezelelweyo, kwaye mhlawumbi sithathe indawo yeeprofayili ezisemgangathweni ngentsimbi ye-2-3mm.