NgoJanuwari ngo-2012, isemina, abathathi-nxaxheba abaye baxoxa ngeengxaki ezivela ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezivela kwiinkuni zokufuma, kunye neenkqubo-sikhokelo, kunye nesakhelo sabantu be-skelelet " I-Expostroita kwi-Nakhmovsky "Iholo yenkomfa.
NgoJanuwari ngo-2012, isemina, abathathi-nxaxheba abaye baxoxa ngeengxaki ezivela ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezivela kwiinkuni zokufuma, kunye neenkqubo-sikhokelo, kunye nesakhelo sabantu be-skelelet " I-Expostroita kwi-Nakhmovsky "Iholo yenkomfa.
Iingcali zethu
Usihlalo IBhunga Intsebenziswano "Umbutho Moya Isakhiwo sendlu " | 
Dyachenko ISekela Jikelele Abalawuli Iinkampani "I-ABS-STROY ' | 
Intloko "NLK Isakhiwo sendlu " (Iqela lenkampani "Utyalomali") | 
Tsygamenko, Umongameli i-NP. "Umbutho weDomo- Ukwakhiwa Itekhnoloji ye-SIP » |
ISAHLUKO 1. ISICWANGCISO SAMABANDLA
U-Oleg Panitkov, usihlalo weBhunga leNtsebenziswano "Umbutho weSakhiwo seNdlu yeNdlu
Zeziphi iintlobo zeSiseko ezicetyiswayo kwizindlu zomthi?
Izakhiwo zomthi zilula kakhulu kunelitye labo ". Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima bebhokisi yendlu ephakathi ye-Brick yi-80-100 yeetoni, kunye neebhokisi zelog okanye i-bar ziitoni ezingama-25-30 kuphela. Izakhiwo zesakhiwo zilula. Kubangelwa sisixa esincinci sezindlu zenkuni, kunokwenzeka ukuba sisebenzise ukukhanya ukukhanya, kwaye ke, iintlobo ezinobuchule zexabiso leziseko: ipeyinti kunye ne-pile kunye ne-pile-screw i-i.p ye-monolithic . Kuyinyani, ukhetho olunye okanye olunye uhlobo lwesiseko uhlala lwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yeziphumo zophando lwejomological-kuxhomekeke kukhetho lwenkampani yokwakha. Ngamanye amagama, iingcali zayo zibeka uhlobo oluthile lwesiseko kumjelo kwaye ke zicenga umniniyo wendlu eza kuyisiphakamisa. Kodwa le ndlela ayinakwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo, umzekelo, kwimeko apho umhlaba umhlaba unikezelwa phantsi kwendlu. Uhlobo lwesiseko kunye nefuthe lokuphatha kufuneka ligqitywe kwisiseko sokubalwa kuyilo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iziphumo zophando lwendalo.
Zeziphi iindidi zegama lesiseko, ngokoluvo lwakho, yeyona qoqosho?
Konke kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesakhiwo, kunye nendawo yomhlaba kunye nomhlaba. Enye yezona zinto zisisiseko zoqoqosho okwangoku kufuneka zithathwe njengebhanti yokufuya encinci. Kodwa ukuba kukho i-bias kwisayithi, olu hlobo lwesiseko alulunganga, kuba ngenxa yokwanda komgangatho wethayile, uyilo luya kubiza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kwimimandla enegama lesigwebo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-pile-charveling okanye i-sireninto yesiseko. Iipilisi ze-SCOWW zilungele indawo ezinemihlaba yengxaki (i-bubbling, i-Peatlands), kuba zinokunyanzelwa kubunzulu bama-4m okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ebusika. Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa kowokuqala eRussia wendlu esebenzayo, kutshanjelwe kutshanje (bona "i-IVD", 2012, qala ebusika, kwaye yayisisiseko semfumba. Incede ukunciphisa ixesha elibekiweyo lokwakhiwa kwesiseko kunye nesakhiwo sonke.
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1. Isiseko se-pile-screw kunye nokuqhekeza kwezihloko zemfumba kunye nejelo lentsimbi.
2. FleeceCelag yesiseko se-lubal seltal: iiteyiphu zangaphandle kwi-ringrete yekhonkrithi, kunye nokubekwa ngaphakathi kweebhloko zekhonkrithi.
3. Isitobisi esifakelweyo se-iriging monolithic, kwiibhendi ze-inses kunye neentsika zenkxaso zenziwe ngezitena.
4. Isiseko esinezitepi ezinamancinane esincinci, ngaphezulu kweso sitovu se-insuft monolithic (iya kuba ngu "umgangatho" womgangatho wokuqala kwaye sandise i-interia yesakhiwo)
Ukuba akukho nqanaba komhlaba, ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba kucwangcise ubuchwephesha obuphantsi komhlaba ophantsi kwendlu yomthi okanye ngaphandle kwayo?
Ukuba igumbi elingaphantsi lenziwa kwimiqadi esenziwe ngomthi, phakathi kokufakwa kwenziwe, itekhnoloji enomoya kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwayo. Oku kuyakwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba ikhuphe i-quessate kumhlaba ongezantsi (owenziwe ngomthi) we-overlap, kunye nokubeka iliso kwimeko yemiqadi kunye noyilo luphela.
Buyintoni ukuphakama kwetekhnoloji?
Kuyimfuneko amaxesha ngamaxesha ukukhangela imeko yemeko yomgangatho, kodwa nonxibelelwano lubekiwe kubuchwephesha. Ukuze ingcali iya kujongana nale nto, inokufika ngokukhululekileyo kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, ukuphakama kwe-Niza Lags ukuya kwinqanaba lomhlaba kufanele kube ngama-60cm ubuncinci. Ukongeza, iileyile zobuchwephesha ze-60x60 kufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi elingaphantsi le-steestary.
Ngaba ndifuna ukunkcenkceshela indawo engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nendlela yokwenza?
Kwizibuko uninzi lweeplani, imihlaba ngodongwe okanye i-loam, ngokuthi, ukhwela i-capillar yokukhwela. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukunkcenkceshela indawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Kule, phezu kwayo yonke indawo yokugqibela yelokugqibela, umhlaba ugutyungelwe ngamanzi kunye ne-steamprooty yezinto: ifilimu eqinileyo, i-Hydrookhotloxoloxole i.p. Ukufakelwa komswakama kufuneka kufakwe nayiphi na impahla eya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-condoyenza ibunjwe kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba - isanti, ubungqingqwa (i-COM ye-10-15 cm). Ukuba umhlaba kwindawo yendawo ye-Waterfront okanye intsimi igcwele amanzi, kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-drifary ecaleni komjikelezo wesiseko, kungenjalo ichibi lokubhukuda liza kwenzeka entwasahlobo.
Kutheni ufuna umoya ongena moya wendawo engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ngayo?
Umoya ovuthuzayo wendawo engaphantsi komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ebusika xa indlu ishushu. Ukuba ubushushu kunye nomphunga we-vaporizolences ye-Overlap isenziwa ngononophelo, ilahleko yobunzima kuyo ayiyi kuba nokungaqondakali. Kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ilindelwe ukuba i-promonste yenziwa kumphezulu ongezantsi we-overlap. I-Aesley Dollap yodwa inobunzima obungapheliyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuvela. Ukukhusela umthi kwiziphumo zayo eziyingozi yenzelwe ukufihlakala kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Ibonelelwa ngoncedo lweveliswa kwigumbi elingaphantsi. Ngokwe-stip 2.08.01-89 *, icandelo lomnqamlezo lemveliso enye kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-0.05m2. Kwangelo xesha, indawo yonke yemveliso iyonke kufuneka i-1/400 yobuchwephesha obungaphantsi komhlaba. Inani lemveliso yegazi lixhomekeke kugcino lweSiseko. Umzekelo, ukuba indawo ye-Intrazopile yeNdlu 6X6M yahlulwahlulwa ziziseko zeBibbons ibe ngamacandelo amane, ke nganye nganye ifanele ibe ubuncinci ubuncinci. Ukwenzela ukonwaba kwendalo yendawo ye-intrazoping yokusebenza, ukubonelela ngeflowup kunye nokuphuma komoya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucwangcisa imveliso ngokuchanekileyo. Kukho imithetho emithathu elula. Okokuqala: Ngayo yonke le nto kufuneka icwangciswe kwi-diagonal yesi sithuba. Okwesibini: Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ubude bemveliso yegazi ukuze bangabi salala nekhephu (ukuphakama kwesigqubuthelo sekhephu kwi-8-50cm). Okwesithathu: Ukudala ukuqhutywa, ukubonelela ukuhamba komoya, kufuneka okungenani ibe yi-10 cm ngezantsi kwemveliso "Ukuphendula" kukuphuma kwayo. Ukuba ucwangcisa imveliso kwinqanaba elinye (oku kwenza ukuba uninzi lwabakhi), ukungena komoya kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba kuya kuba kubi: umoya ovuthuzayo wokugxeka uza kulwa ngaphezulu, kodwa ungafumani ngaphandle kwangaphandle kolu phakamiso. Iziphumo yindawo ebizwa ngokuba yindawo yodwa phantsi kwe-oversep, kwaye i-projeate iya kuqala kwiibhodi ezidliwayo.
Ngaba kufuneka ndivale ulusu lobusika?
Ukuba akukho lulo lonxibelelwano kwindawo yasekhaya, kwaye ungqameko lwendawo yokufakelwa kwi-Overlap lungaphezulu (25-30 cm) kwaye ngaphandle kokukhuseleka ngokuthembekileyo ukusuka kwicala legumbi nangaphantsi, kungenzeka kwaye ungayivali i imveliso. Iimeko zokubukela endlwini ziya kufudumala. Iimveliso zivaliwe ukuba imibhobho yonxibelelwano ibekwe kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, ethi, ngaphandle kokufakwa i-tubular ivale, ingakwazi ukukhululeka. Kodwa qaphela: Kwindawo evaliweyo, umoya uya kuba neqondo lobushushu lomhlaba, oluya kukhokelela ekusekweni kokusekwa kwe-condenate kwimibandela yenkuni. Kuyenzeka ukuba unciphise ukubakho kwembonakalo yawo, ukuba ubeka i-subsal subser phantsi kwesidlo sakusasa, iya kukuvumela ukuba ucofe umgca wokukhutshwa komhlaba wesiseko
Icandelo 2. Izindlu zeWoods ngokwemvelo
I-mikhail dyachenko, USekela-Jikelele we-ABS Stroy
Yintoni ekufuneka ifunyanwe i-susa yelogos okanye i-bar esetyenziswe ekwakhiweni?
Ngokwe-snip II-25-80 "izakhiwo zeplanga", owona nzondophember webhaso okanye iilogo akufuneki zidlule kwi-25%. Ukuziqhelanisa, eli nani lingaphezulu kakhulu kunophawu oluqhelekileyo, kuba abavelisi bambalwa bafuna ukusukela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-Dilament ebusika (ukhumbuza: iinkuni zasebusika zinehlobo elikhulu kakhulu). Ukuphakama okuphezulu komswakama, kokukhona iinkuni ziphantsi kweengxaki kwinkqubo yokoma kwayo. Isicwangciso semozulu siyingozi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ukwakhiwa kwendlu kulula kwaye kukhawuleza: Ukuhambisa umatshini, ukwenza ii-rooves, ukwenza ii-grooves kunye ne-grooves kunye nendawo yokwakha kwaye baqokelela indlu yelogi. Kodwa akukho mntu ucinga ukuba izingodo ezikrwada zinokuqala kabini emotweni xa kuhanjiswa kwinto. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqokelela uyilo olucetywayo alunakuba lungenakwenzeka. Kungenxa yoko le nto abakhi abanamava ngokujikeleza basebenzisa kuphela izitshixo ezomileyo kwaye bathobele ngononophelo kwiitshathi ezingqongqo zoncedo lwamalungu kwindawo yokwakha kunye nokuphakamisa. Kwangelo xesha, iikomityi ezingenanto zenziwa kusetyenziswa iikomityi zeselula ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokufaka izinto endaweni. Ibar kunye nelogo eqhelekileyo lincinci kakhulu kune-otlinding, ziphantsi kweengxaki ngexesha lokuhamba nakwindibano. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awukawamkeli amanyathelo athile, ngexesha lendibano yamadlelo ngaphambi kokuba iinkuni zifikelela kwi-16 ukuya kwi-20% (oko kukuthi, ikwanokwahlula-qala kwaye Ukusebenza.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise isixa semingxunya eyenziweyo enkuni xa usomisa?
Esona sizathu siphambili sokubonakala kwee-rocks siphezulu kakhulu ireyithi yokufuma ngaphandle kweenkuni okanye ukungalingani kwale nkqubo. Ke ngoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise inani lemifanekiso xa womisa iinkuni zokufuma ngokwendalo ngeendlela ezintathu. Eyokuqala: Kuba ukufuma kuyahamba ecaleni kwe-barrel, kubude beintsizi, kwaye kudlula eziphelweni, kufuneka ziphathwe ngeerakhi ezikhethekileyo. Isiphumo ukhona ukufuma kuya kuhamba kancinci, kuba asiyi kuhamba ecaleni kweentsinga, kodwa ubukhulu becala, kwaye rocks iya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ngendlela, le ndlela isebenza kwimithi ye-Glbege. Okwesibini: Ukudalwa kweegrooves zembuyekezo ezinokucwangciswa ngezantsi nangaphezulu kwelog okanye i-bar. Ubunzulu begroove enjalo bumalunga ne-1/10 I-SBEATER. Umzekelo, ukuba ububanzi beLog yi-24 cm, bukwenze imbuyekezo i-rooves enobunzulu obuyi-2,4 cm. Okwesithathu: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayisiyo indlela, kodwa ubuchule obuvumela ukuba unciphise kungekuphela nje izityholo, kodwa neskish 'i-crons yesongelwe. Inyani yile yokuba abanye abanini bafakwe kwisakhiwo esakhiwe iinkuni ezimanzi, kwangoko emva kokwakha. Abanye baya kulinda unyaka omnye (ngeli xesha, indlu yelogi ihleli) kwaye bangene endlwini kuphela emva kokuphela kobunjineli kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi. Kodwa owokuqala, kwaye okwesibini kwaqala ukuqalisa ubukhulu becala. Ngenxa yoko, umphezulu wangaphakathi weendonga zeShub zomile ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunangaphandle. Izithsaba zijijekile, ziphuma kwaye zigutyungelwe zii-brocks. Ekhaya, apho abanini bafudukayo ngokukhawuleza emva kokwakhiwa kwayo, iingxaki kunye neengcwebe ziya kuba nkulu, kwaye kwelinye, apho baqhuba unyaka, ngaphantsi. Kodwa baya kuba nako. Ividiyo ye-daidity yendalo ihlengahlengiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ilawulayo imithi eyomileyo: unyaka omnye kukoma, kuyajika ngomopho ngonyaka, kodwa kwimodi yobushushu begumbi yi-5-8 c. Ke i Umthi uya komisa kancinci, kwaye ke ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo kunye nenani lemifuno kwiilogo kuya kuba ngaphantsi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uphile kwiNdlu kwiqondo lokushisa elifanayo, ngoko kufanelekile ukukhangela inyani yokuba uhleli kwikhaya elitsha kungaphambili kuneminyaka emi-2. Ukuba akukho ndlela yokuphuma kwaye kufuneka uphile kwenye indawo, inkqubo yokufudumeza kufuneka ibandakanywe ekuqaleni kwexesha lokufudumeza kwaye liphakamise kancinci ubushushu endlwini. Kuyimfuneko ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuthotyelwa komswakama osemthethweni kwizakhiwo (ngokwe-snip II-25-70 "izakhiwo ze-SNPE", kuba kufanele ukuba zibe ngama-45%), kuba ubusika obutsha bunento encinci kakhulu ukufuma.
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5. Izindlu zeLog ze-Loging yesandla phakathi kwiinkulungwane zizibonakalisile kwelona cala libalaseleyo. I-Ine yenzekile ekuvelisweni kweetekhnoloji ezininzi ezintsha, ivolumu yokwakha izakhiwo ayiguqukanga.
6, 7. Njengakwinkulungwane ezininzi edluleyo, iilogo ze-cutter ezisikiweyo zicocwe kwi-cortex nge-rigine (6), kwaye emva koko ii-rooves zokudibanisa kunye neekomityi zenziwe kuzo nge-ax (7) okanye i-tesa.
8. Indlu yelog iqokelelwe kwangaphambili kumzi-mveliso, emva koko ikhutshelwe kwaye ithuthwe kumthengi
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9. Ukubeka eNorway: usebenzisa ii-gouves ngeekomityi zokuzikhethela.
10. Isisombululo sanamhlanje yindibaniselwano yelogo ngesakhelo selogi. Isebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-Attic, iVeranda, iikharepi ngaphezulu komnyango, ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni iintsasazo zensimbi.
11. Ukudibanisa iingogs kunye namakhwenkwe.
12. Inketho ethandwayo evela kumahlelo eendonga zendlu yelog: Izibonda ze-ixesha elide zigutyungelwe yintambo yokuhombisa
Ngaba uceba ubuchwephesha kuzo zonke iimeko?
Uninzi, kodwa ngelishwa, hayi kubo bonke. Rhoqo abantu bakhe indlu ngokuhlala kwexesha, ngokwenjongo yayo, khetha ubungqingqwa beendonga. Oku kunokuba, umzekelo, isakhiwo esivela kwindibano yesiqhelo, yenzuzo okanye ibambe i-bar eneendonga kunye nobungqingqwa be-140-150mm. Khawufane ucinge: Kwindawo yase-Autindlard, kwi-heating imisebenzi, kwindlu ifudumele, iphose ... muieyaeva ithathe isigqibo sokuba ihlale kuyo rhoqo. Kodwa isakhiwo asibalwa. Ngenxa yoko, kumnini weHod wasebusika wayekhululekile, banyanzelwa ukuba bahambe ikhaya labo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela enjalo yokufudumeza iyingozi kakhulu kwindlu eyenziwe ngomthi: Ukuba iqondo lobushushu ngaphezulu komgangatho lingama-22 s, phantsi kophahla lweqondo lokhuselo lweqondo lokushisa kunye nokubetha kangako I-CAPPIT i-pularish iguqukayo kwiBeammers kwaye iQuare, kunye nemithi yokugqobhoza iphuma kwiindlwane zazo. Ewe, okwenzekayo kunye nezithsaba zodonga, andifuni ukuthetha. Kwakuyimfuneko okanye ekuqaleni kokukhetha ubukhulu beendonga kuyahambelana nendawo yokuhlala esisigxina, okanye kuqala kuko konke ukukhathalela ukufunyanwa kweendonga kunye nokugqobhoza, kwaye emva koko kwenza isigqibo sendlu yasebusika.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyenzile ukuze indlu yelog inikelwe ngokulinganayo kwaye ingenalo i-curvature?
Ngexesha lonyaka, ngelixa indlu yelogo ihleli, amagqabi anezinqaba ezonwabileyo kwilogi okanye kwi-bar. Elokuhlala, ngokwahlukileyo kwiindonga zendlu, apho uphahla luphahla kunye nezithsaba ezigqithisileyo zifakwa khona, zibizwa ngokuba zinemidlalo, kuba ziziphethe kakuhle). Amaxabiso aphezulu aphezulu kwaye ayomile ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuba awuthathi amanyathelo athile, baya kuvela kubo okanye nokuba uyilo lonke lunokubhalwa. Ukuthintela oku, ngexesha lokuncitshiswa kweenkuni, kuyimfuneko ukuze ungenelele ngoochwephesha ukubeka esweni isakhiwo. Umzekelo, inkampani yethu ibonelela abathengi bayo ukuba bagqibe kwelokuba bangenelele kwinkonzo yasekhaya ngeli xesha. Ixabiso lomndilili onjengamawaka ali-16 amawaka ruble. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesakhiwo kunye nobungakanani bayo. Kule mali, imvumelwano ibonelela ubuncinci bokuhamba kwemini kwingcali (ukuba ufuna i-brigade yonke). Iya kulungiswa ukuze ihlengahlengise ii-jacks eziqhotyoshelwe kwiirandi, kwaye ikwaseka i-chain ngaphambili kwemixokelelwane ye-15x155cm, ihlolwe kwenye yezithsaba eziphantsi kwe-sketers ephantsi kwe-skaters versioners (ezilungisiwe kwi-dileyts ezinesikrelemqe inodonga). Kuya kuthatha lo mzimba ulula ukuze ukwazi ukuthoba izinto zoyilo lwesithsaba sesithsaba, ngaphandle kokubanika ukujija.
Icandelo 3. Izindlu ezenziwe ngeenkuni ezigcobileyo
I-Semen Goglev, intloko ye "NLK Demoration" (Iqela leeNkampani "
Ngaba zizindlu ezinobuhlobo obuvela kumthi we-glbege?
Iinkuni ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemithi ye-glbege - le nto inobuhlobo bokuyisingqongileyo, kwaye oku akubangeli nakuphi na ukuthandabuza. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-ecology yeGlue, i-Winden Lamella, ezininzi ukuthandabuza. Kuthetheni ukuba ezi zinto zikrokrisayo? Mhlawumbi ngokunxulumene nebrashi ye-bied, eye yenziwa kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, injalo. Kodwa ngalo lonke eli xesha, iinkqubo ezinamathele ziye zaphuculwa, kwaye iindlela zabo zale miva azinanto iphantse yaba yinto efana ngayo - oonobumba bokuqala. Namhlanje sebenzisa iinkqubo ezintlanu eziphambili ezenziwe yinkxalabo yehlabathi. Zonke ezi zibhedyes zidibana neemfuno ezingqongqo ze-Europe Europes zokukhutshwa kweFomaldehyde kwaye zibhekisa kwiklasi ye-E1. Uninzi lwabavelisi beenkuni ezigcobelweyo (kubo bonke, kunjalo, kunzima ukumelana) ukuba ngabambeleli be-eco. Emva kweminyaka emi-1-2, kwaza kuya kuvela ezinye iindlela zokuhlasela eziphezulu, eziya kuhambelana neklasi ye-E0 (esi sicwangciso semilinganiselo yokwazisa eYurophu), kwaye abavelisi basekhaya kuya kufuneka baye kwezi zibhengezo. Jonga ingxaki ukusuka kwindawo eyahlukileyo. Ukumiswa kwebhadi ye-glded, ivolumu ye-adhesings ezinamathela xa kuthelekiswa nevolumu yenkuni kude kakhulu. Kwangelo xesha, phantse onke amabimobing athambileyo afihlakele kubunzulu beemveliso - kuphela imitya ebalaseleyo ekwiziphelo zebar zingaphandle. Ke ngoko, umphezulu ovulekileyo wokunamathela, enokukhululwa ngezinto ezinokubakho, incinci kakhulu. I-Plywood egalelekileyo (le mpahla isetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo njenge-caulron yokulala i-parqueet) iglue kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile siyikhumbule i-necologorism yayo. Ngamanye amaxesha yonke into iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwefanitshala kwi-chipboard, apho umxholo wezinto ezinokuba nengozi kakhulu kunakwiPlywood. I-bar ye-Glded yeyona nto ikhuselekileyo kunabo bobabini, kwaye enye inqaku lembono yintsomi. Ukuqala ukuhanjiswa kweemveliso zayo ukuya eJapan, ngoku siza kungqinisisa umgangatho waseJapan. Ngokweengxelo, inqanaba le-formaldehyde kwi-timputer yethu ye-GLUE idlula kancinci idlula kwimvelaphi yendalo yale nto ehlathini.
Iindonga ezivela kwi-bar bar "yokuphefumla" njengeodonga kwilogo?
Ingaxoxwa ukuba ibha ye-glded igcina zonke iimpawu ezintle zokhuni. Xa imanzi kakhulu, ifumana umswakama, kwaye xa isomile kakhulu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umthungo weglue akaqhelekanga, kodwa umele uhlobo lwe-mesh yamathontsi. Njengoko izifundo zoogxa bethu abasebenza kakuhle babonisile, nganye nganye yethumbe imida yokuhlambela inomda wokungabikho komoya ongaphezulu kwe-15%. Ngenxa yoku, i-bied bar igcina amandla omthi ukuba "uphefumle", nangona kungenjalo ngokupheleleyo.
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13. Enye yeenzuzo zeplatedy timer isezilingisweni zokugqiba: Kuyaba nzima (ukuba kukho imfuneko), emva koko idityaniswe ngamandla okuhlola umthi, ngelixa ugcina ubume bomthi.
14. Xa usenza i-ongdops emakhaya, imilenze egxunyelweyo isetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ukukhululwa kwezithsaba kwiplanga elihleliweyo, njengomthetho, ziqiniswe ngentsimbi yentsimbi.
16. Unxibelelwano lwekona lwezithsaba ukusuka kumaplanga e-glgies lungabi kuphela ngentsalela, kodwa nakwi-PAW. Ngokutsho kwabavelisi abaninzi kunye nabathengi, ukhetho lokugqibela luya kukhawulezisa ukuba nomtsalane ngakumbi.
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17. I-bar eqingqiweyo eyenziwe kwinkqubo yaseJamani, i-commenti egciniweyo ne "amaziko okuzilawula" yezithsaba zinika "amabala" anamandla "kunye nemigca.
18. Ibar ye-bied, iqhubekile phantsi kwelog ejikelezileyo, sisisombululo sendlela abo abaye bangena ntsholongwane ephantsi kwelog yelog yemveli.
19, 20. Iprofayili yeempawu ye-bied bar (19) kunye neendebe zokudibanisa (20), zenziwa yinkqubo yaseFinland. Kwi-cavity phakathi kweembambo eziphezulu, itywina le-ribbon lifakwe
Ihlala ithi imithi esemgangathweni esemgangathweni iya kuqala ukusasaza, kwaye "ukunyanga" indlu inzima kakhulu. Ingenzeka?
Kunyanzelekile ukuba ndigcine imiqadi ye-glue eziphelweni zebar, etyhilwe kubunzulu obumalunga ne-50cm (nangona ingekho malunga neemveliso zenkampani yethu). Kodwa ke into yokuba i-lamet ihlutha yonke ubude - andizange ndiyibone le nto kwaye ndingakhange ndive ngayo. Indlela yokulungiswa kweziphelo ezichaziweyo zinzima kakhulu, kuba ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweglue ekhethekileyo kunye ne-forescy screed. Ungaqiniseka njani ukuba akukho nto inokwenzeka kwikhaya lakho? Funa ukuba uMvelisi abonisa iziphumo zovavanyo zokuziphangela (iqhutywa bonke abavelisi abakhokelayo bamaplanga omvavanyi, kwaye inkampani yethu iyayenza). Zininzi iindlela zokwenza uvavanyo olunjalo. Ubudlelwane kunye ne-Trugst enkulu yamaplanga intywiliselwa kwi-autoclave. Apho, "ibilisiwe" phantsi koxinzelelo, emva koko idluliselwe kwiKhabhinethi yokomisa kwaye ijongwa ngento eyenzekayo kwimisingo yokuthetha. Iisampulu zenkuni zinokuqhekeza, kodwa imithanga yeglue kufuneka ihlale inika inani elipheleleyo. I-batch nganye ye-pick tick inyanzelekile ukuba iphumelele le phepha.
Loluphi ububanzi ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwezindlu zelizwe kwingingqi yeMoscow?
Ukuqinisekisa iimeko zokuphila ezikhululekileyo, ubukhulu beendonga zenkuni zendlu kufuneka ubuncinci bube yi-160mm. Namhlanje, imakethi iboniswa kwi-tiber yamaplanga aphambili e-200mm, kwaye ukubandakanyeka kwetekhnoloji yenkampani yethu kuye kwenza ukuba kuvelise amaplanga kunye nobungqingqwa be-240mm. Kwindlu yelizwe kwingingqi ye-moscow yebhanti yobubanzi, kwanele kwaye akukho kutyalwa kweendonga kuya kufuneka. Ukuba uthelekisa izindlu ezibini-ukusuka kumaplanga omvavanyi kwaye wanqunyulwa, ngobukhulu obufanayo beendonga, owokuqala uya kuba ngumfudubulo ngakumbi kunesosibini ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezithsaba kwenye. Kodwa ubukhulu beendonga asingophawu oluphambili: Ubushushu obuhamba nabo buyi-1/3 kuphela yokuphulukana nobushushu besakhiwo. Malunga ne-1/3 ubushushu bulahlekile eluphahleni (luhamba), ngakumbi ngolwakhiwo lwe-adtic. Okokugqibela, enye i-1/3 yobushushu inokudlula kwi-onseap. Kuthetha ukuba umgangatho wokufakelwa kophahla kunye negumbi elingaphantsi libaluleke ngakumbi kunobukhulu beendonga. Kukho ulwazi olwahlukileyo malunga ne-sediment yendlu kwi-bar ye-bar: bathi, umzekelo, ukuba ayihlali phantsi okanye ihleli kwi-1-3%. Yintoni ubungakanani bokwenyani? Ibar ye-glded ihamba malunga ne-1.5 %- lo ngulo myinge. Kuba sinikezela ngebhani, apho i-lamella nganye yomiswe khona ukuya kwi-12% ye-ron (enomswakama, iinkuni kufuneka zityhutywe), i-shrinkige yenkuni ngenxa yokomisa kwayo incinci. Ngokoluvo lwam, ukutywinwa kweemvuvu kunye nokuqhekeka kancinci kweenkuni phantsi kwesenzo somthwalo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani besinxibo ngokubanzi buxhomekeke kakhulu ekuchanisweni kwemveliso ye-Grooves kunye neXesha lokuNgenana ngeXeshati, okanye endaweni yoko, ukusuka kuthi ga kwi-bar yebar edinyazwe ngexesha lokwakha. I-sediment incinci kakhulu yenye yezona mpawu zinomtsalane zendlu ye-pick. Akukho sidingo sokulinda unyaka kude kube le ndlu ihleli, kwaye kuphela emva koko iqalise ukugqitywa kwayo. Nje ukuba indibano igqityiwe, unokupeyinta iindonga ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwaye uyibeke kwikhaya elitsha. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba emva kweSedontnts, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukugcina: njengakweyiphi na indlu, kuya kufuneka ulawule amaxesha ngamap .D. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umthi (akunandaba, inyibilikisiwe okanye iqinile) sisixhobo esiphilayo, kwaye ngelo xesha siya kuphulukana nokufuma, okuya kuthi, ngokuchasene noko, Kwaye ke indlu yelogi iyakukhula. Njengakweyiphi na apho ulwakhiwo lweplanga, kwindlu yamaplanga e-Glbege, kunokuba yinto encinci yezithsaba (umzekelo, ebusika, xa umswakalo wangaphandle nomhlaba ophakathi odongeni wahlukile izihlandlo ezininzi). Kodwa iindonga zamaplanga ezigxunyekwe zikhokelela ngaphantsi kwazo naziphi na abanye - oku kuyathintelwa ziindawo zepuzzle kwiindawo eziphezulu nangaphantsi kwebar.
Ngaba ufuna ibhodi yokulala kwisilayi semithi ye-glued?
Ibhodi yelayini yinto yetekhnoloji efunekayo kuyo nayiphi na indlu yeWoodn, nakwisakhelo. Ibonisa indlela yokufuma, ukhwela i-capillars yesiseko. Le bhodi ibekwe phantsi kwesithsaba esisezantsi sokusika ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yoko, nokuba iyawa, inokutshintshwa, kodwa olona donga luphambili aluyi kubandezeleka. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bale nto yi-50mm. Ukuze iBhodi "iphila" kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kubekwe i-rombof yamanzi phantsi kwayo. Ibhodi ye-LEAL yenziwa ukuba i-larch, okanye i-spruce okanye i-pine, ifakwe kwingoma ye-antiseptic. Ayiyothusa ukuba le bhodi iya kuba nenani leechemicals, kodwa izithsaba ziphumle kuyo ayinakuphathwa njengezixhobo ezinzulu. Ngaphandle kwebhodi yokulala, njengommiselo, olugqunywe nge-tint.
Sinesibindi selogos kwilog okanye kwilog yokufuma kwendalo, ukuqinisa i-Wints ngokuthe nkqo kwaye kuthintele ukujija kwabo. Ngaba i-adle ye-cabins yelog evela kwi-bied bar ifuna?
Kwi-firmbods yokufuma kwenkululeko, sisidingo esingxamisekileyo. Kodwa ukuze izindlu ezivela kumaplanga ezi-Glbege, azisoloko zifuneka. Inyani yile yokuba amaplanga amdaka aveliswa zizicwangciso ezibini eziphambili. Inxalenye engaphezulu ye-bharnesi yenkqubo yeFinland ngamaqonga amabini amade axhasayo, kwaye ezantsi - i-rib ezimbini, kwaye xa ihlanganisela indlu phakathi kwabo, itywina elijikelezayo ibekwe. Ibar yenkqubo yeJamani evela phezulu nangaphantsi ixhotywe nge-grooves kunye ne-crests. Xa ukwakhiwa ukusuka kwibhate yenkqubo yaseFinland kratshi, kwaye xa usebenzisa iJamani-ngaphandle kwabo, ngokomgaqo, unokwenza, njengoko ii-grooves ezininzi kunye neegregi aziyi kuvumela isithsaba ukuba sihambe.
Icandelo 4. Izindlu zesiza
I-Sergey Tsygamenko, uMongameli we-NP "yoMbutho weTekhnoloji yeZindlu yeZindlu"
Zeziphi iitekhnoloji ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi eRussia eRussia?
Zonke itekhnoloji ekhoyo namhlanje zinokwahlulwa zibe yisakhelo kunye nephaneli. I-Kadusny kufuneka ibandakanye naluphi na ukhetho, ngokungqinelana nesakhelo samandla sakhiwa okokuqala, kubandakanya uyilo lophahla (umzekelo, ukusuka kwibha yophahla), kwaye emva koko I-insulin. Iipaneli ezibaliweyo zinokubandakanywa neetekhnoloji ezimbini-Isakhelo sezakheko kunye nephakheji yefreyimu. Eyokuqala kwezi ndlela zithetha iNdibano yabasebenzi abanamava ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhelo senkqubo yesakhelo semivalo yangaphambi kokuvunwa kwamaplanga, i-chipstones ejolise kuyo (i-OSP), kunye nokuqaliswa Ukudalwa kwesakhelo sesakhelo sendlu yesakhelo, esiyi-inshurensi, khusela ngeefilimu zeParobaric, trim.p. Phantse ngendlela efanayo, izakhiwo zesakhelo zenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ze-LSTK. Olona hlobo luphakamileyo lwale ranene yeTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji eyenziwe kwiimeko zefektri. Ngokwalo mgaqo, kukwakhethwa ukwakha izindlu, utsho, eJapan naseKhanada: Yenza kuqala isakhelo seNdlu, kwaye kufakwe i-vallowdd ephantsi kophahla. Ukunyusa inqanaba lokwakhiwa kweBhokisi yeNdlu kuvumela ukhetho lwesibini - ipaneli yesakhelo: Kwangelo xesha, isityalo sidala, isityalo sidala sishushu kwaye siphumile kumacala omabini ephaneli. Njengommiselo, ii-autofoots zazo zihanjiswa kwindawo yokwakha apho isakhiwo siqokelelwe ngeentsuku kunye nophahla. Itekhnoloji ye-PALY ye-PAllol ye-PAllol kukubizwa ngokuba kukugcinwa kwendlu. Kwiimeko ezidlulayo, sele bezenzeli phaneli, kodwa iimodyuli zeNdlu, ezidityaniswe kwenye yendawo yokwakha. Ngenxa yoko, ibhokisi yokwakha ifakwe kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ngale ndlela, kufana nokwakha, umzekelo, e-USA, nakwilizwe lethu le ndlela ayikabibanzi.
Ukhe wakhankanya i-LSTK. Yintoni?
Kutshanje, izityalo ezininzi ziye zavela kwilizwe lethu, ezivelisa ngempumelelo izinto ezichanekileyo ze-SICS ezichanekileyo zamacandelo akwisinyithi (LSTK). Phantse kwiminyaka emi-2 eyadlulayo, umzi-mveliso wavula kwi-Tver. Okokuqala ngqa, iintsuku ezili-10 bathengisa ngenethiwekhi yokwakha iivenkile ezinkulu malunga neeseti ze-100 zeegaraji. Ngqeshwa, yayinomdla wokuthatha iseti ethengiweyo kwimoto yabo yabahambi, emva koko uqokelele igaraji ngokwemiyalelo esetyenzisiweyo. Kwigaraji okanye indlu encinci yegadi, oku kwamkelekile. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kuya kufuneka uve izityholo ukuba nawuphi na umthengi unokuthenga iseti yezinto ze-LSTK kwikhaya lakho phantse nasiphi na isikwere kwaye siyiqokelele ngokuzimela. Ezo ngxelo azindithandi ngamandla. Indlu sisiseko sobunjineli obunzima, ke iingcali kufuneka zakhiwe. Indibano yengozi yeNdlu yeNdlu ye "DIY" nayo nayiphi na itekhnoloji yokwakhiwa kwayo ndithathela ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo.
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21. Izindlu zefreyiti azikude zikonwabele ixesha elininzi, nangona abathengi bangaphambili basekhaya bakhetha izitena, iinkuni okanye ngekhonkrithi. Guqula ukhetho olukhoyo lwabathengi lwenze imbambano yoqoqosho.
22, 23. I-TOLI KWI-SIP Iiphaneli zinokudalwa, zisebenzisa iipaneli zesandwich efanayo, kodwa ivumelekile ukwenza ukuba kube yi-classic-rafter (22). Iipaneli ezingena kwindawo yokwakha zinefomu yonxantathu (23)
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24, 25.
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26, 27. Iiphaneli zesandwich, okanye iiphaneli ze-SIP, zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kolunye udonga nophahla (26), kunye nokudityaniswa kwamanye amazwe (28), ngaphambi kokuba kubekho khona abakhi be-Wall.
28, 29. I-Teel Izinto ezinodonga ezixineneyo zinikezelwa kwindawo yokwakha ngohlobo lweprofayili yomntu okanye eqokelelwe kwisakhelo semiphalane. Kwimeko yokuqala, indibano yendlu ihamba kancinci, kodwa inkqubo yemveliso ye-LSTK kumzi-mveliso iyakhawuleza
Yeyiphi itekhnoloji oyithethileyo ithembisa ngakumbi kwaye iyingenelo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ixesha lokugcina nemali?
Kuba ukwakhiwa kwendlu esezantsi ngoku kwathandwa kakhulu, nakuphi na ubuchwephesha obukhankanyiweyo, ukuba ngabasebenzi ngokufezekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwexabiso, kuyathandwa kwaye, kuthetha ukuthembisa. Ngoku malunga noqoqosho. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni: umzekelo, ngaba banakho ukufaka ilori kunye neephaneli kunye nendawo yokugcina iipaneli. Isixa sexesha elinye phantsi kwezindlu zokwakha sichaphazela icala loqoqosho lomcimbi. Ukuba wakhela isakhiwo esinye, ukuphumelela kwizinto ezisakhawulezileyo akunakubaluleka kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba sithetha ngesakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo selali esinezindlu, esakhelwe kwiteknoloji enye, kunjalo, kuyingenelo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezigqwesileyo ezenziwa kumasifundisane. Kodwa ngaphandle kwezidwelo, kukho enye itekhnoloji yale mihla engahambelani nodidi olucetywayo. Nguye, ngokoluvo lwam kangangokuba kuyingenelo ukufaka isicelo kuwo nawaphi na amatyala aqwalaselwe. Le yiNdibano yeNdlu kwiiphaneli ze-SIP ezisetyenziswa yinkampani yethu. Iphaneli ye-SIP (ukusuka kwiPlanethi ye-Inriser-"i-Streal Insuct-" i-Forement Project Poples ") -iplanga zesandwich equka i-ospick ye-10-16mm), phakathi kwe-A Ubeko lwePolystyrene ye-pilystrene igwetywe phantsi koxinzelelo phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-PSB ubukhulu be-100-150mm. Iphaneli nganye ikhutshelwa ngemivalo yomthi, ububanzi obulingana nobukhulu be-polytytyrene. Xa iiphaneli zokudibanisa, isakhelo esinenkuni sebhokisi yendlu senziwa kunye. Ele yokugqibela phambi kweebhondi ze-diagonal -i-Diagonals ziyakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo obalulekileyo. Onke iiphaneli zasekhaya (ngokuchanekileyo, imbandezelo yekhaya iyafuneka kwindibano yayo) yenziwa kwiimeko zefektri kunye nokunyamezelana kwe-1.5mm. Kwindawo yokwakha kukho intlanganiso yabo ngaphandle kokuqhubekeka koomatshini okanye ukugqiba. Kungatsho ukuba lo ngumthombo othile wendlu kwizinto ezifana "neLego". Yindlela yokwakha namhlanje yenye yezona zinto ziphezulu kwaye zichanekile.
Ingaba yingenelo njani le teknoloji evela kwimbono yezoqoqosho?
Sifunda ngenyameko imarike kunye neziphumo zophando olwahlukeneyo lokubonisana. B2011 Iingcali zenkampani yethu ngokukhethekileyo ziyibethelelekile eJamani, apho batyelele imiboniso kwaye bafundela imizobo yephaneli yesandwich, kwaye, njengommiselo, ibiza kakhulu. I-vitoga bafika kwisigqibo sokuba kwiimeko ezininzi "iiPiees" ezinamagama amathandathu kwimigaqo yesiRashiya yamkelekile, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yeendleko zawo eziphakamileyo. Ke ngoko, sinikezela ngokulula kunye ne-sandwich yesandwich yesandwich enomaleko we-uplystrene foam ye-140mm emdaka, ilingana neempawu zazo zongashushu zobushushu obunokuba yi-2m. Kwizinto ezenziwe ngezinto ezinjalo, phantse "indlu-thermos" zakhiwa, ngaphakathi kweemeko ezikhululekile zenziwa zisebenzisa umoya wokufudumeza okanye inkqubo yokufudumeza amanzi, siphume kwinani lezisombululo ezisemgangathweni). Indleko ye-1m2 yesakhiwo esinjalo sokugqiba malunga ne-ruble yamawaka ali-18. -Angabizi mali. Ndiya kwithemba ngakumbi ukunciphisa ixabiso le-1m2. B2012 Ukuphehlelelwa kwezi zityalo zithathu ngokuveliswa kwezityalo ze-OSB-3 eRussia ngaxeshanye: i-DoK "Kalevala" (i-Dok "Kalevala" (Perozavdsk) kunye nendawo ezimbini ze-Hoscow kunye nendawo ye-Hikovy.). Ke ngoko, iipleyiti ze-OSB-3 ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje, zenziwa ePoland, iRiphabliki yaseCzech, eCanada naseUnited States, siceba ukutshintsha iimveliso ezifanayo zasekhaya. Oku kuya kunciphisa iindleko zendlu yekhaya nge-15-30%. Kuyenzeka ukuba ngoncedo lwale (itekhnoloji yexabiso eliphantsi) eyaneleyo) iyakulawula ukubonelela uninzi lwabantu abasemaphandleni nasemaphandleni.