Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwegumbi lokuhlambela: Ukupheliswa kwendlu yothando, ukwakhiwa kweendonga ezintsha, umgangatho kunye noyilo lwe-ceiling, isixhobo sokwenza amanzi, ufakelo lobhongo. Iinketho ze-SubDla
Igumbi lokuhlambela kwizindlu zethu eziqhelekileyo azibonakali. Zama ngaphandle kwebhafu kwaye utyelele kumatshini wokuhlamba apho, ibhasikithi yelineni kunye nekhabhathi yeetawuli kunye nendawo ngokwayo ayizukushiywa. Uya kuhlala ucinga ngendlela yokufumana indawo ye-1-22
Ngokukhawuleza yenza ugcino olwenziwe iphupha legumbi lokuhlambela elihle kuya kufuneka libethwe kwisakhelo esisondeleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwizinto ezininzi zeRussia, umthetho wasekhaya uyalela ngokutsha ngokutsha, ngokuchasene neemfuno zomsebenzi osele ikho kunye nemithetho. Imithetho ka-Snap (snap 31-01-2003 "Izakhiwo ezinamathela:" Akuvumelekanga ukuba ubeke igumbi lokuhlambela kunye negumbi lokuhlambela (okanye ihlazo) ngokuthe ngqo kwigumbi lokuhlala kunye neekhitshi. " Ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba sandise amagumbi okuhlambela kuphela ngenkcitho yeepaseji kunye namagumbi okuzisebenzisa. Kukho amanye amatye aphantsi kwamanqatha epropathi yezomthetho, esasithetha ngokweenkcukacha kwi "IVD", 2011, 2011, No. 1. I-KSCHASTYY, AMAZIKO EMILO NEZITHUBA SEZOBUCHULE. Ngamanye amaxesha bakwazi ukuphucula kakhulu i-ergonomics yegumbi, ehambisa iindonga ze-10 ukuya kwi-20 cm kwaye iguqule indawo yendawo. Imalunga nokuzihlaziya kwakhona okuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nokudilizwa kwe "Mersul" esemgangathweni yeSantehkabin, kwaye iya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.
|
|
Enye yeendlela zokukhetha ukuphindaphinde igumbi lokuhlambela: igumbi lokuhlambela ladityaniswa nendlu yangasese, ifonti yatshintshwa yishawari kwaye ifake ibhokisi yomatshini wokuhlamba
Indawo yoyilo s. windows
Imizobo yeKhompyuter s. Vetrachova, O.Naklokhina
| 
| 
|
Ingathi inokuthi ithathe indawo yegumbi lokuhlambela: Ngonyuselo lwendawo yalo (a); Ngokwanda kwendawo kunye nokutshintsha ubumbeko lwegumbi (b)
I-Architect E. Kirillova
Imizobo yeKhompyuter T. Bekhtereva
Ngaphambi kokuba ifumaneke, emva koko ...
Umenzi wezoMfihlo weSantekHbane waqala ukufakela izindlu zothotho lwepaneli yokuqala. Esi sigqibo sayilwa kuqala saza sanciphisa umhla obekiweyo wokwakhiwa kwezindlu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iSantechkabine, enyanisweni, yigumbi eligqityiweyo (okanye endaweni yoko, "igumbi lokuhlambela + le-ndlu yendlu yendlu, enamanzi amdaka) esele ifakiwe yimibhobho. Inqaba yenqaba yenqaba ngokulula ineebhokisi "kwimigangatho yesakhiwo eyakhiwe.Isigqibo sikaRhulumente weMoscow kaFebruwari 8, 2005. 73-PP
"Ngenkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa kwakhona kunye (okanye) ngokutsha kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuhlala engahlali kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kwidolophu yaseMoscow":
"Akuvumelekanga ukuba silungelelanise indawo, apho ... sebenza kwisixhobo semigangatho kunye nokufudumeza kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ngokubanzi kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza" zenziwa.
IMIGANGATHO YOKWENZIWA KOMSEBENZI WESITHILI SE-MOSCOW (MGSN) 3.01-01 "Izakhiwo zokuhlala":
"Akuvumelekanga ... umnyango wegumbi, ixhotywe ngendlu yangasese, ngqo kwikhitshi kunye namagumbi okuhlala. Igalelo livunyelwe: ukusuka kwigumbi lokulala ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela; Ukusuka kwigumbi lokulala ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela elidityanisiweyo ngesixhobo kwigumbi lesibini legumbi elinendlu yangasese exhotyiswe ngendlu yangasese, enomnyango kuyo kwipaseji okanye kwiholo.
Snap 2.04.01-85 *. Msgstr "Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi angaphakathi kunye nenkqubo yokuntywila":
"Ukubekwa okufihliweyo kwemibhobho yentsimbi exhunyiwe kwimisonto, ngaphandle kwekhabhoni yokuncamathisela unyango lwamanzi ... ayivumelekanga. Ukufakwa koqinisekiso kufuneka kubandakanya iminyango."
I-snap 41-01-2003 "Ukufudumeza, ukufihlakeleyo kunye nemeko yomoya":
"Umlinganiso wemibhobho ngaphandle kokukwehla izinto zokwakha uvunyelwe ... kunye nenkonzo ebaliweyo yemibhobho yeminyaka engama-40 kwaye ngaphezulu kweepayipi ezifihliweyo: Phantsi, ngasemva kwezikrini , kubantu ongabaziyo, imigodi kunye nee-canas ... "
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-90s. I-XX ngaphakathi. Iindonga zeSantekhkabine zenziwa ngeephaneli ezimbini ze-ASBEST ezivela kwi-Asbestos Supes ezinobunzima be-10mm kwisakhelo somthi, kwaye i-phalies ivela kwi-Asbestos-cetes. Ezantsi kwekhabhathi, ukuba nemfuza ye-pallet ene-50mm i-50mm, yenziwa ngekhonkrithi enzima kwaye, apho, kumzi-mveliso, wenziwe ngeethayile ze-ceramic. Iindonga, i-phalilish kunye nezantsi ziqokelelwe kwi-pite enye usebenzisa iipleyiti zensimbi, izikrelemnqa, i-bolts, igutyungelwe kwikhonkrithi. Emva kwexesha iipleyiti ze-Asbestos ze-Asbestos zathathelwa indawo kunye ne-monolithic ye-monolithic yoqine i-50mm. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwendlu, ikhabhathi ayikufuphi neendonga ezinkulu zesakhiwo, kwaye kunye nobubanzi besithuba se-30-50mm (esi silayidi sizele ziipakethi, emva koko safakwa).
Akuyi kuba kuphosakele ukucinga ukuba iSantechokaine ifuna kuphela abakhi. Kuyinyani ukunceda abaqeshi bendlu. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwi-khrushchev, ngokungacacanga aphelile ngokungenakuphikiswa kunye nabamelwane abaphila ngezantsi. Okwangoku, kwizakhiwo zesakhiwo esingakumbi, iibhakethi ezimbini zamanzi kumgangatho azijikeli zibe yintlekele yemvelo. Ngenxa yobukho bomgangatho wamanzi-pallet, unokuthi cwaka uvumele umntwana ukuba alungiselele imfazwe yaselwandle kwindawo yakho "yendawo yamanzi". I-Aesli iqhekeza i-eyeliner eguquguqukayo kumxube okanye itanki yendlu yangasese, uya kuba nexesha elithile ukuze ugqithe iivalta kwivali. Ke ngoko, emva kokuphazamisa i-SantechKabina, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ucwangciso lomgangatho omtsha wokufumana amanzi.
Nokuba awuyi kunyusa igumbi lokuhlambela, kodwa ufuna nje ukudibanisa igumbi lokuhlambela kunye nendlu yangasese, ukuthoba ikhabhathi kuya kufuneka ihlale ngokupheleleyo. Inyani yile yokuba xa kuphazamisa izahlulo (okanye naziphi na iindonga), uyilo luya kuphulukana nokuqina kwaye ngenxa yoku, izigwebo ziya kuvela, eziya kunyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Gcina imilenze ifudumele
Ukupheliswa kweSantechkabina kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu. Ingaphunyezwa kuphela kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulungiswa-ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi. Ikhabhathi itshatyalalisiwe ngokuthe ngcembe, isusa enye yeziqwengana ezincinci. Kungcono ukwenza oku ngoncedo lwediski ekhethekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ngokuziqhelanisa, i-bilforator, i-slegarian kunye ne-bulgaria (yokusika i-Gridid) ihlala ihlala i-gridid rhoqo. Ekuqaleni, iintshukumo ezinjalo azifuni zi-masters ezifanelekileyo, ke, isilingo siziswa kumsebenzi ongahleliweyo, iinkonzo zayo ziya kuxabisa okungenaxabiso. Nangona kunjalo, le yindlela enobungozi. Ewe, kwimeko yomonakalo kwimibhobho yokufumana amanzi kunye nokuntywila, iindleko zokuphelisa ingozi zingagqithwa rhoqo ngemali egciniweyo. Ukuguqukela kwinkampani ekhethekileyo okanye enkulu yokwakha, uya kuba ne-insured nxamnye nengxaki enjalo. Ukupheliswa kweSantekhkabina kuyinto ebiza ixabiso eliphantsi - 8-15 amawaka ruble. Dibanisa i-3-4 yamawaka iruble. Ukususwa kwenkunkuma yokwakha (eli nqaku alithintelwanga nakweyiphi na imeko).
| 
|
Iibhafu ezintsha zegumbi lokuhlambela kufuneka zakhiwe ukusuka kwi-tile engathandekiyo ye-tile-abantu abafikisayo (a) okanye igesi-igesi (b)
Ifoto M. Poluova
| 
| 
|
I-SODERREATITRENDER (A) akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela, kodwa akunzima ukwenza utshintsho kwiskimu soqhagamshelo lwesixhobo (B)
I-Podium ephezulu phantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela ikuvumela ukuba ufihle ngokulula zombini igalelo kunye nemibhobho yokunxila.
Ifoto ngu-D. Minkin (A), (b).
Kwindlela yendalo
Ukwakhiwa kweendonga kungabonakali nzima kakhulu. Ukwenza oku, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Hydrophoble Plates Plates Plates-PGP (umzekelo, "Knauf-Gypsum", iRussia). I-domitory iyavakala yokongeza i-artive to terner keler (iLugato, iJamani) okanye efanayo. Umqolo ngamnye weepleyiti kufuneka "uboshwe" kudonga olukhulu ngoncedo lweekona okanye izikhonkwane zemali. Ikwavumeleka ukufaka isicelo sezitena zesitena okanye iibhloko zerhasi yerhasi. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko yokugqibela, kuthatha ngakumbi ukuqiniswa ngononophelo, iibhloko ezikufuphi (iibhloko ekufuphi kumqolo qinile kunye nepleyiti zentsimbi). Ukongeza, ibhloko emdaka iyakwazi ukufunxa umswakama, njengesiponji. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba bajonge iindonga ngeethayile, kuya kufuneka bakhusele udaka oluguqukayo - ukulungiselela isisombululo, akulunganga ukusebenzisa imixube "hydro sii" ("etrilate"), i-gnum " , bobabini - iRussia), "Magma" (i-Stoma "(iJamani) - nokuba yi-AkvaSyl (i-Flachendicht (i-rushendlich), i-rushendict (i-OSMOFL). Ungayifumana i-hydrophobic umxube wodaka ngokwenza oko, yithi, ukongeza. Ucango luhlala lunika imilinganiselo ka-1980 okanye i-2080 800 / 900mm, ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba amanqwanqwa amaNqanaba oLumnyango aya kuba nobungakanani be-1900 okanye ngo-2000 / 800mm. Ukwahlulwa phakathi kwegumbi lokuhlambela kunye nendlu yangasese (ukuba kucwangcisiwe) kubuzwa emva kokuyilwa kwePallet entsha, eyilelwe ukukhusela uyilo lwesakhiwo, kunye nokugqitywa kwendawo yakho emazantsi.
Kumlambo omtsha
IPallet yePalle ye-Plallproof yakhiwa ngamanqanaba aliqela. Ukusukela ekhaya phantse kungenzeki ikhonkrithi ye-hydraulic (inqaku layo eliphambili kukuxinana okuphezulu okunikezelwa kumzi-mveliso ngoncedo lwe-vibroporing), kuyimfuneko ukwenza uyilo lwe-vibropores.
| 
| 
|
Ukutsala amanzi, i-polymer kunye ne-bitumer primers kunye nemifuziselo ihlala isetyenziswa kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
Owona manqaku ophambili wokungasebenziyo adalwe usebenzisa izinto eziqengqelekileyo.
| 
|
Ifomu ekhethekileyo yesamente kunye ne-melly ye-polymer ye-polymer iya kunceda ukukhusela iindonga zomanzi
Okokuqala, iingqekembe ezimbini zokujikeleza amanzi aqengqelekayo ngokulandelelana kwamakhoboka afakwe kumakhomba asephanzini. Izinto zasekhaya kwi-biguemed eguqulweyo kwi-Fibrous (i-Groadster, i-fiberg) okanye i-fiberg, i-fiberg, i-fiberg, i-fitelass, i-ruitel ). Imigca yengqibelelo nganye ibekwe kwi-100mm, itshintshe kunye noncedo lwerhasi yegesi okanye i-Glic Essic. Ukuzahlulwa kwedwa kumiselwa eludongeni ukuze umphetho wayo ukhuphe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lekamva lomgangatho wokugqibela malunga ne-50mm.
Emva koko, imilambo ye-formark ifakwe emnyango weminyango kwaye iphose i-scred kunye nobungqingqwa be-30-50mm. Ugqirha kufuneka adibanise iplastiki, yokutywina kunye noongezelelo lwe-hydrophobic, njenge-ceressit cc 92 ("i-henkel-baeclechnik"), "I-tiner c" ("AMALUNGISELELO", iRussia). Ukuhlanjwa kwe-filler sebenzisa ilitye elityumkileyo okanye i-clamzite (iqhekeza elingaphezulu kwe-10mm), kwaye ukuqinisa igridi yentsimbi ene-3mm kunye ne-100mm ukuya kwi-100mm. Imiphetho ye-mesh igobe ukuze i-25-30mm ukusuka kumphetho wemisoll yakhutshwa ngobude obuyi-40-45mm. Emva koko, yiya ekuphonisweni kwecala. Ngemini elandelayo, xa ikwikhonkrithi, ukubeka iiplanga ezibanzi, usenakho ukuhamba, setha umsebenzi ecaleni kweendonga ze-40 mm kwaye uyinike inyani yokuba i-10- I-15mm "iya kutya i-caides engaphandle). Ukuphakama okufanayo kufuneka kube nesiseko sebhanti yokwahlula phakathi kwegumbi lokuhlambela kunye nendlu yangasese, ayivunyelwanga ukuba ingaphinde ibuyise. Ngomhla we-2, xa i-screds ekugqibeleni iphakamile ", igqunywe ngumzobo wokupeyinta amanzi, owenza umphezulu womphezulu ngeethayile ze-ceramic.
Inketho ilungele xa inqanaba lomgangatho kwigumbi lokuhlambela liphuma libe yi-25-30 mm elingaphantsi kwendawo yonke (emva koko unokwenza ngaphandle kwesithethi esingathandekiyo). Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba igumbi lonke lilungelelaniswe kwindlu yonke (ubuncinci be-60mm) ubushushu obungama-60mm okanye ubuncinci bokukroba. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, imvelaphi kufuneka yenziwe ukuze ukuphakama kwayo ubuncinci i-30mm, - "iprofayile ye-" ye-"ephantsi" zintle kakhulu.
| 
| 
| 
|
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunganyangeki komswakama: kwilaphu le-polyester eprinta (a); ukusuka kwiiphaneli ze-fiberglass kwisakhelo sentsimbi engenasitayile (b); kwi-glossy pvc film (b);
"Umtya" (a), (c);
I-ecophon (b).
Ukuqina kwezakhiwo ezifihliweyo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho weTile. Umswakama ungena ngokulula kakhulu kwimazi ebanzi kwaye engalinganiyo;
I-Duscholux (g).
Isilingi kwigumbi lokuhlambela emva kokumiswa kweSantechkabina, njengommiselo, ukuthoba: Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze ubungakanani begumbi, fihla i-finmer kunye nokubeka indawo yokuhlala. Kuhlala khetha phakathi kwempikiswano (evela kwifilimu ye-PVC) kunye neenkqubo ezinqunyanyisiweyo.
Ungahlali njani kwi-puddle
Uphahla lwefilimu alusoyiki umswakama, lunokuba ngamatte okanye i-glossy, inemibala eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi benkonzo yayo ayidluli kwiminyaka eli-10-ngokuhamba kwexesha, umbandela utshintsha umthunzi kwaye usindise. Kukufakelwa okufanayo kophahla lwendawo encinci, izenzo zemakisha, ngamanye amaxesha zifikelela kwi-50% ye-windows eqhelekileyo (esele iphezulu) indleko zokuzifakelwa, kwaye akukho zicwangciso zokuzifakelwa. Ulwando olumiselweyo lwakhiwe kwisakhelo somisiweyo wensimbi yensimbi kunye nezikhokelo. I-Aluminium ye-Aluminium, iithayile zeplasitiki, i-firberg okanye i-Polystrene ye-polystyrene, i-Plally-Playlity-Special Porticks inokusebenza njengezixhobo ezikhanyayo (ezi zitshisi zigutyungelwe ngamagumbi emanzi). Njengommiselo, ukuphanziswa okunqunyanyisiweyo kuyabiza ngaphezu koxinzelelo, kodwa ukufakelwa kwayo kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi.
Ilizwi lombhobho
Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwegumbi lokuhlambela kuhlala kuthetha ukuhambisa imibhobho, i-eyeliner apho kufuneka imaski. Imibhobho yamanzi kumgaqo inokufihlakala kwi-Stred, kodwa umjelo othengiswayo awuyi kuba phaya. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ububanzi babo bungama-50-100mm, ngaphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo imfuno yethambeka (i-1-2%). Imibhobho yokuhamba ifihliwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ze-Universal zonxibelelwano ezikhuphayo ziibhokisi ezakhiwe yindlela yokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, inyathelo eliphezulu elibanzi elibanzi kunye elibanzi "eludongeni alisoloko linokwenzeka ukuba libethe ngaphakathi. Kschastina, kwi-arsenal yabantu abaqulunqileyo kukho ezinye iindlela zobugcisa. Imibhobho yedaya yedaya yedaya yedareti ilula ukuyifihla ngaphakathi kwe-Podiums, iikhabhathi kunye nee-racks, ngasemva kweebhafu zokuhlamba, kwisiseko sesahlulelo kunye ne-semi-carti. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuzo zonke iindlela zokufakelwa okufanayo - iiphaneli zesamente ezinobunzima be-12,5mm, iqiniswe yi-GAPE ye-mesh, i-Aquuf "(" Knauf "(" i-Aquiuf "), kunye nePlaspm ePhezulu , bobabini - iRussia). Kwisakhelo sokuqala, kufuneka isakhelo se-metallic, okwesibini xa iMidlalo yeCompacting ivunyiwe ukubambisa ngokuthembekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa i-screws kunye neglue ekhethekileyo. Zombini ezi zinto zenzelwe ukugcoba ngeethayile, mosaic it.p.I-ankric encinci
Xa ufaka indlu yangasese okanye ibhafu, kubalulekile ukuba ungaphazamisi amanzi ekwenzini. Le ndawo yembono ilungile ekuthetheni i-glue ukuya kuthi ga ngokugqitha okanye ukufakelwa kwi-stiletto ikhutshiwe kwangaphambili. Sebenzisa izikrelemnqa, imingxunya emgangathweni izaliswe yiPolymer Mastic okanye i-Silicone etywiniweyo ngaphambi kokufumana amanqaku kuzo.
| 
| 
| 
|
Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kokunikezelwa kwamanzi, kunqweneleka ukusebenzisa i-hoses engeyiyo irabha, kunye nentsimbi (a), i-poly-polymer (b) kunye nemibhobho yePolyproplene, i-Polyproplene ayinakho ukusasazeka kwikhonkrithi. Inkqubo yokuntywila isebenzisa imibhobho kunye nezinto ezenziwe kwi-polypropylene, i-polythylene kunye ne-pvc (b);
Indlela yale mihla yokubekwa kwegumbi lokuhlambela ibandakanya ukufakelwa okufihlakeleyo kokuzithambisa usebenzisa iinkqubo ezibiweyo ezibiweyo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo yitanki yangasese efakelweyo, efihla eludongeni, isahlulelo okanye iSantechnkaf.
Ifoto V. Kovaleva (a), (c);
I-Geberit (b), (g).
Akukho gumbi lokuhlambela linokwenza ngaphandle kwe-ventilation. Kwizindlu ezininzi, igumbi lokuhlambela liqhagamshelwe kwi-ventkala ye-ventkala ejikelezileyo enebhokisi evulekileyo, egcumayo kunye ne-plumbing. Buyisela le uyilo olungenangqondo kunye nokungahambelani akunangqondo. Kungcono kakhulu, ukuthoba isilinganisi nge-120-150mm, usike i-grentilation grentle kuyo, kwaye emva koko udibanise ngentsimbi yentsimbi eguqukayo okanye ibhokisi yeplastiki.
Abahleli bebulela iSikolo soyilo seHlabathi, i-geber kunye ne-viega ngoncedo lokulungiselela umxholo.