Imodeli yokulungela umzi-mveliso: Ukuzinceda kunye nokungalunganga, iindidi zezakhiwo kunye neemodeli zezitepsi, eziboniswe kwimarike yasekhaya
Kuluhlu lwabaphuhlisi beli lizwe, bekukho uluvo oluzinzileyo kangangokuba izitepsi zegumbi elinamanqanaba amabini okanye indlu yelizwe kufuneka ihlelwe kwiworkshop ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimveliso ezenziwe nge- "ezinokulungelelanisa" phantse naliphi na igumbi. Baza kuthetha kweli nqaku.
IYurophu EROROROR yaseYurophu kunye ne-United States kudala zaziziwa kwaye zithandwa kakhulu (kunye nefenitshala kunye nangaphezulu) ezinxulumene nodidi lwe-kit ("umyili we-kit-uyilo"). Yintoni enokuba lula: Ukwenza imilinganiselo efanelekileyo, ukhetha izitebhisi kwikhathalogu, kulula ukuntywila kwisiqu semoto, kwaye ekhaya uyiqokelela Imiyalelo eneenkcukacha) okanye isebenzisa iinkonzo ze-wizard. Ngokucacileyo, thabatha izitepsi zekhaya okanye indlu, uya kusindisa ixesha elininzi kunye nemali.
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Hayi okanye ewe?
Isikimu esichaziweyo sinomtsalane kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka samkelwe ukuba kwimarike yasekhaya yezitepsi ezingasebenzi kakuhle, njengoko ndingathanda. Izizathu zoku ziyinjongo kwaye zinenjongo, kwaye ziphantsi. Iivenkile zezitepsi ezigqityiweyo zimbalwa kakhulu, kwaye ikakhulu zibonelela ngeemveliso zefemu yelinye ilizwe: Albibi Fontat, Alfa Sume, Nubane, Rintal, Thintal, Thintal, Thintal. (Zonke i-Itali), i-Tornedos Munos (i-Spain), i-Intercala (Greece), Gilne, Innzott, I-Lapeyre (eLapeyre (kunye ne-chinese akukho magama eemveliso. Kwangelo xesha, abathengisi baseRussia kwiNkqubo yeWarehouse ifumaneka kuphela elula kuyilo kunye noyilo lweemodyuli zemodyuli. Yonke enye into ihanjiswa ngokugawulwa, kwaye abathengi kufuneka babelindelwe kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 (kwaye ukuba utshintsho lwenziwe kwiphakheji okanye ubungakanani be-En-qued-kude kube ziinyanga ezintandathu). Iindleko ezifanayo zothutho "zityiwe" umahluko kwixabiso phakathi kwemveliso yekhaya kunye nemveliso engeniswayo.
Slika
I-Balustrade-ukubiyela kwezitepsi kwindawo edityanisiweyo.
Igumbi lokuhlambela-Izinto ezingenayo ngokudlulisela umthwalo ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuya ezantsi kwaye kuvumele ukuba benze ngaphandle kwe-Beam. Iquka i-bolt, umkhono we-spacer kunye ner.
Cebisa amanyathelo eemilo ze-trapezoidal ezisetyenziswa kwindibaniselwano yokuphakanyiswa.
I-theiling beam yemo ye-tocemate, kwindawo ethe tyaba ebekelwe iiplanga zamanyathelo.
Icandelo leMarsh yezinyuko phakathi kweendawo (okanye imigangatho). Ngamanqanaba e-quint, eli gama alisebenzi.
Ukunqunyulwa kwempumlo. Isenokuba i-lattatce (ukusuka kwii-racks, iintambo) okanye kwiscreen (kumaphepha, iiphaneli).
Isandla yinxalenye ephezulu ye-railing, yokubamba isandla.
I-Orets-indawo yangaphambili yenqanaba lenqanaba.
Inxalenye ethe tye yenqanaba, ayivalwanga kwisimo esithe nkqo senqanaba elilandelayo (elingaphezulu).
I-airtive ngqo ye-beam. Enye yendawo esecaleni inee-grooves ezimisiweyo apho inxenye yeli nqanaba lifakwe kuyo.
Kukho enye intsingiselo ebalulekileyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezitepsi ezigqityiweyo. Njengoko uyazi, izitepsi ziphantse zaba liziko lolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi, enye okanye enye itsala umdla. Ke ngoko, abaqulunqi bazabalazela ukuyiguqula kwinto yobugcisa, ngokupheleleyo kwaye bahambelane ngokupheleleyo kwisitayile esikhethiweyo sokuhonjiswa kwekhaya. Isiqinisekiso sezitepsi ezigqityiweyo nangona sikhulu, kodwa sisalinganiselwe. Isimo sabo senziwe lula (isikhafu kunye nemarike ethe ngqo elawula), eyenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa imveliso kwi-SITAT yendawo ethile. Sukuphupha nokuphuthisa izitepsi ezenziwe ngokulandelelana ngendibaniselwano (spiral) kunye ne-spiral) kunye ne-tirches ethe tye, kunye ne-3 nangaphezulu ihambahamba.p. Uninzi lweemodeli zenziwa kwizitayile ezifana nobuncinci kunye neteknoloji ephezulu. Ilizwe elidumileyo kakhulu lixhaswa kakubi kakhulu (ubukhulu becala luhlobo olufanayo lweemveliso zasekhaya), kwaye ukhethe into yengxaki yangaphakathi yeklasi. Zonke izinyuko ezifanayo ezifanayo zenziwe kwiifektri ezinkulu zinezinto ezininzi ezingakhange zizithembi. Eyona nto iphambili kukunyaniseka. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngaphambi kokubaleka kwimveliso yobuninzi, imodeli nganye inamava, kuba emva koko i-batch enkulu ngenxa yesiphene ixabisa kakhulu. Itekhnoloji ye-Ceemimal kunye neSixhobo esibizayo iqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphakathi kweenxalenye ezifanelekileyo kunye nokugqibezela okuphelileyo. Ukwakha uKwakha, njengommiselo, kulula kakhulu kwaye akufuni kuphuculwa kwezinye iindawo endaweni (ezi zinyuko zahlukile ngokulinganayo kwezo zigqityiweyo). Ufakelo ludlula kumcimbi ongumcimbi kwaye phantse aluchaphazeli iindonga, isini kunye nophahla (ngokufuthi kufuneka ukuba udle imingxunya). Izitepsi ezinjalo zinokwenzeka ukuba ziseke zinokuphazamisa ukugqiba umhlobiso, ukuba kukho ukuvulwa kwecala lesifama.
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1. Izitekisi zinendawo encinci kakhulu, kwaye zinokufakwa ngaphakathi nangayiphi na indawo yokuphakama
2. Sebenzisa izinyuko kunokulungelelanisa ukuphakama komngcipheko, kodwa hayi ububanzi bomthi onamathelayo
3, 4. Uninzi lwabantu, ekwenzeni izinyuko zeKit, ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo zisetyenziswa - umzekelo, iinkuni, intsimbi kunye neglasi (ifoto 4), kodwa iimveliso zifumaneka ngokupheleleyo (ifoto 4)
Ke, ngeenzuzo zezitepsi zeti, siye saphoswa (kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iimodeli zilungile ngokulinganayo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuxela ngakumbi). Lixesha lokuba sithethe malunga neentlobo ezithile zolwakhiwo kunye neengqokelela zezitepsi ezigqityiweyo, eziboniswe kwimarike yasekhaya.
Ngesikere!
Izitepsi zokuqala zangaphambili ngenxa yokungathobeki kwabo Sebenzisa imfuno engapheliyo phakathi kwabanini bezindlu ezincinci kunye ne-cottages. Ewe, ibango, njengoko usazi, luzalela ukunikezelwa, kwaye abavelisi bahlala bephinda bagcwalise umgca wabo ngeemodeli ezintsha, ezivumela ukuba ufumane ukhetho olufanelekileyo phantse nangaphandle kwengaphakathi.
Uqoqosho lwe-screw izitepsi zemveliso, umzekelo, i-albini fontank (ingqokelela ye-Arfa), i-Alfa Sikali (Nveko umgca). Izixhobo zazo ziyintsimbi (idityaniswe ngentsimbi yepeyinti yomgubo kunye ne-Autminal Aluminum kunye nezinto ezinqwenelekayo), iplastiki (evela kwi-hardrals (ukusuka kuyo i-handrasils (ivela kuyo ii-handrails kunye ne-pineting ebizayo, ipine kunye neqhosha. Inkxaso yamanyathelo yintsika ephakathi, kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo kunika ucingo, indawo engezantsi yezicovu ezenziwe ngohlobo lwezibhedlele. Inqanaba ngalinye yimodyuli yendibano equka ibhodi kunye ne-clip bracket, enxitywa kwikholam yenkxaso. Ulwelo luqokelelwa kwiiracks nganye kunye necandelo lezandla kunye nobude be-120-140cm. Ukukhupha iimodeli zokubiyela iimodeli zokujonga iintsimbi zensimbi ifakwe phakathi kwee-racks.
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5. Le spiirseri engaqhelekanga yeSperal kwi-projections ethe tye sisikwere
6. I-Balustrade, njengommiselo, obandakanyiwe kwiphakheji. Ihlala yenziwa ngentsimbi okanye i-aluminium, kwaye isandla sigutyungelwe ngeplastiki phantsi komthi
7. Imodeli eyoyikekayo endaweni yezibhedlele zihlala zisebenzisa amantongomane avela kumthi owodwa. Into eyongezelelweyo yokuhlobisa inokujikwa kwi-helix pole 8. Ukuthobela izinyuko ezininzi zefektri (zombini zasekhaya nezingeniswayo) zinokwenziwa - umzekelo, khetha inyathelo ukusuka kumthi oxabisekileyo womthi. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuhanjiswa liza kunyuka
Iidayimitha ezisemgangathweni zeSikroba seZitekethi- 130, 150, 170 ne-190cm. Ukuphakama, kunokuncitshiswa kwaye kunyuke ngokutshintsha inani lezinto zendibano. Ikwabonelelwa nokuhlengahlengisa ukuphakama kwemodyuli nganye kuluhlu lwe-20-25mm, yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-screw bushshings okanye ihehers kude. I-avtot ububanzi botshintsho olunamathela aluyi kuphumelela- lokuba oku kuya kufuneka kuvune amanqanaba okuvula phantsi kwesibhedlele. Uqoqosho lwasekhaya neliTshayina lingamawaka angama-22-45 amawaka e-ruble., IYurophu - 50-180 yamawaka ruble.
Imodeli yoMyili ye-Screw izitekisi, ezinje nge-Delta 2, i-Edaia (i-Alfa (i-Alfa (i-Itareti (inorescala, igqitywe kakhulu. I-Deching Deching Sebenzisa iingcingo ezivela kwi-balayine eyiyo kwaye igobe ngesandla i-handrail yenzuzo yentsimbi engenasitali edibeneyo kunye nezikrini zeglasi ekhuselekileyo. Izisombululo zoyilo zezoyilo zokuba kufuneka zisebenzise itekhnoloji enzima nenamandla, yonyusa iindleko zemveliso izihlandlo ezininzi.
Qaphela ukuba ayisoloko inokwenzeka ukuba isebenzise i-screw sterierses kwiNdlu njengeyona iphambili. Intshukumo kuyo kunzima ukubiza ukukhululeka, kufuna ubuchule. Ukusekwa oku kubhekisa kwiimodeli zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, apho umyinge wobubanzi bomgangatho onamathelayo kunye nokuphakama komphakamo kufutshane - 1: 1 (endaweni yeyona ilungileyo 2: 1). Okufanayo, ukubeka umlenze kufutshane kakhulu kwi-positive yenkxaso, umngcipheko uyehla ngokukhawuleza kunokubabala. Kungenxa yoko le nto izinyuko ezinjalo ezinjalo azilungelanga abalupheleyo. Awunakubancomela ukuba ube sekhaya apho usapho luhlala nabantwana abancinci.
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9-12. Iziphene ze-screw izitekisi ziqhotyoshelwe kwii-racks zisebenzisa iibakithi ezizodwa zeHinges (ifoto 9, 10). Inkxaso yamanyathelo yintsika ephakathi (ifoto 11), kwaye ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunika iirandi zocingo, indawo engezantsi yenziwa njengesibhedlele (ifoto 12)
I-Core yayingusosur
Ukuthandwa kakhulu kunye nolunye uhlobo lwezitepsi ezilungele, kwimodyuli ephakathi ye-Kosooo. Oku kuqokelelwa kuqokelelwa kwiinkcukacha zefom ye-Z-imile, iwafaka omnye komnye. Njengakwizitepsi ze-screw, i-fiketion yokubopha isetyenzisiwe. I-angle yotyekelo oluphakathi lwezinyuko ezinjalo zihlala zingama-40, kodwa ngaphandle kwale, kulunge ngakumbi ukuzibandakanya kwiscrew. I-Miderells ene-angle yotyekelo olungaphezulu kwe-45 lidla ngokusetyenziswa ngamanqanaba awodwa "awona manyathelo akwiidada" (nangona kunjalo, amaledaya asebenza ikakhulu njengesiqhumiso).
Iimodyuli ze-Kourow zingajikelezwayo; Kukho ne-hinge dock yecandelo lezandla zeplastiki okanye zokhuni. Enkosi kule nto, kulula ukucwangcisa i-Matshi ngamanyathelo eqhuba. Isisombululo esinjalo ngokudibeneyo kunye nokuphakama kwemodyuli nganye (18-22cm, kwaye, ukuba ivunyelwe, ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-30mm usebenzisa i-sterirsese egumbini. Iindleko zeemodeli ezinjalo zemveliso yaseRussia zingama-60-80 amawaka e-ruble, engeniswe kakhulu ibiza kakhulu - i-120-200 yamawaka ruble.
Kwihlabathi lamanani
Jonga ukuba imodeli ethile yezitepsi ilungele wena, usebenzisa iifomula ezintathu. Ifomula ngokubanzi:
2h + B = S, apho ufike khona ukuphakama kwesikhungo, imingxunya efihlakeleyo kunye nobubanzi benyathelo lomntu; Ifomula yokuthuthuzela: b - h = 12 cm; Ifomula yokhuseleko: B + H = 461cm. Nangona kunjalo, ububanzi benyathelo buxhomekeke ekukhuleni kwaye uyahluka ngaphakathi kwe-50-70cm. Ke ngoko, ukunyuka nokudelela kwizinyuko akusayi kuze kukhululeke ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amalungu osapho. Xa uziqhelanisa, kufanelekile ukwamkela ixabiso elinexabiso le-SART-60 cm. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ububanzi beli nqanaba ligqitha kwi-80cm, kungenjalo kunzima kakhulu ukwaphula ifanitshala kuyo. Ukuphakama okuqinisekileyo kocingo yi-90cm, kunye nomgama phakathi kwee-racks zohlobo lwe-lattice yololiwe yi-10-16 cm.
Izitebhisi zemodyuli zinomtsalane ngakumbi kumacala amabini eqela le-welfds ukusuka kumbhobho wentsimbi engxande. Bapapashwa, umzekelo, ishishini "le-FIRMS" (imodeli "zigzag"), ubunjineli obuqinileyo (bobabini iRisia). Iimodyuli zeWecker Weldiles ezinemilo ye-L-Gaped ixhunyiwe kusetyenziswa imikhono kunye ne-bolts. Kukho izinto ezikhethekileyo ngokugqithileyo, zivumela i-Matshi kunye neqonga liyaguquka.
Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukutshintsha iJometri kunye nokuphakama kwezitepsi ezigqityiweyo kwizikofu, ukungena kubo ekungeneni kwegumbi ngemilinganiselo emiselweyo yokuqikelela okuthe nkqo kwemanyano, akusoloko kunokwenzeka. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-angle yokuphakamisa isetiwe kumzi-mveliso, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uyitshintshe (kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo ngama-30, 35, 40 ne-45). Ke, ubude bokuqikelelwa kwematrini buxhomekeke ngqo kuxhomekeko ngqo kumphakamo ophahlayo. Ixabiso lezitepsi ukuya kwiqonga le-welded-ukusuka kwi-120 lamawaka iruble.
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13-15. Izitepsi ezenziwe ngemodyuli elungiselelwe i-Aluminium ye-aluminium kunye nokunyuka kwemarike yasekhaya (zinikezelwa ikakhulu). Xa uxube izitayile, ezi zinto zihlala ziba "ngabameli abagunyazisiweyo"
16. Iindawo ezicinezelweyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi yomgubo enamathelene ne-pocering ye-powvision yokwakhiwa kwe-windows, kunzima ukuphika kwi-foonet ngesandla, kodwa ngamaxesha angama-2-3 aphantsi
Ngaphandle kwe-bitch kunye ne-Zadrinka
Iifemu zasekhaya, ezinje "ngesantya somzi-mveliso", "uyilo", "Miagrip", velisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinyuko ezigqityiweyo ekukhuleni nakwi-cosos. Iimveliso ezinjalo zinomgangatho ofanayo ophakamisa ii-angles njengeyilo kwi-sthssides yentsimbi. Ukulungisa ukuphakama, okanye ukusika imiqadi, okanye ufake izinyuko kwi-podium.
Iintsika zenkxaso, iintente kunye namanyathelo zenziwe ikakhulu nge-Mulling Massif, kwaye uBlains akhutshiwe kwimivalo eqinileyo. Rhoqo, iiseti ziyathengiswa ngaphandle kokugqiba (ngelixa yonke imimandla ye-grooves kunye nemingxunya iphantsi kwenziwe), kwaye umvelisi ngokwakhe udibanisa amaqela kwaye ugubungela i-lacquer. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo unokuphunyezwa ngoncedo lwemoto enkulu ngokudibeneyo ne-acrylic polyrish okanye i-polyurethane parquet varnish (emva kwe-verquet varnish (emva kwe-verish kunye ne-varnish yokuqala, kuya kuba yimfuneko yokususa imfumba yolusu olunzulu). Ukuba ifunwa, imveliso egqibeleleyo egqityiweyo ixhotyiswe ngokujijeka okanye ixelise ukuqhutywa kwezinto ezinesitampu (ukusuka kwi-ruble ye-1900 ye-1 m), eya kuthi igqibe ngokupheleleyo 'inkangeleko' yakhe.
Ukukhetha izitepsi zolu hlobo, zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ipesenti yomtshato inkulu. Enye yezona ndlela ziphambili zokhetho ngumgangatho weenkuni ezisetyenzisiweyo. Makungabikho tetch kwiinkcukacha, kwaye kumanyathelo kunye nesandla kunye namacandelo kunye necandelo eliphambili (imizimba emxinwa yombala omnyama obomvu). Ngokuthenga ileli yemodyuli evela kumthi wokukhanya owenziwe nge-polymer ye-polymer, eyenza ifilimu yomphezulu, hlala ucinga ukuba nawuphi na umonakalo woomatshini uya kuphawuleka kakuhle. Kuyinyani, banokuba nemaski ngokulula esebenzisa i-feter ye-calter yesiqhelo. Amatye athambileyo, anjengepine okanye i-alder, aphantsi kwe-chips kunye nokutyibilika kune-cruch, i-beech kunye ne-Oak, uya kuyenza i-verquet elungileyo, uya kuyenza yomelele kakhulu). Izitepsi zasekhaya kwipine kwi-pine ima nge-8-24 yamawaka amawaka e-ruble. Kwi-1 p. I-M Matshi (iqonga kunye neBallestrades ifunyenwe ngokwahlukeneyo).
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17-19. Yenza intshukumo kwizitepsi ezifanelekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile iya kunceda amanyathelo avela kwiibhodi ze-terrace (ifoto 17), eqinile (ngaphandle kwekhephu), kunye nocingo oluvela kwintsimbi ye-hingel Iintambo ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-15 cm (ifoto ezilishumi elinesihlanu)
20. I-tintenate kunye nengubo ene-varnish yesitepsi ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezizodwa kunzima kakhulu. Eluthandweni, kuthatha ukupeyinta yonke into kumbambano, kwaye hayi uyilo.
Umsebenzi womzuzu
Ufumana nini izitepsi? Uqwalaselo kunye nendawo yeMarches kufuneka ichonge inqanaba loyilo leNdlu. Ke kufanelekile ukucinga ngokukhetha imodeli ethile. Nangona kunjalo, nantoni na eyoyikekayo ukuba uhlehlisa isigqibo sokugqibela de uqale ukwakha i-overlaps (kunjalo, oku akusebenzi kumanqanaba ekhonkrithi). Kule ke ukuba imilinganiselo echanekileyo ye-Ceiry ifakiwe, kwaye kungcono ukuyenza xa sele iseti yezitepsi.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa ufaka izitepsi zesikali kunye ne-Deameter engaphezulu kwe-130cm engaphezulu kwe-130cm endlwini ene-Beam enamagqabi, kufuneka enze utshintsho olukhulu kwisakhiwo sokwakha. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba uyandisa umgama phakathi kwemiqadi, iya kubangela ukubambisa komgangatho womgangatho wesibini xa uhamba phezu kwayo.
I-tenda, i-boosters kunye nezibonda zenkxaso zimiselwe kuphela kwimiqadi okanye ii-slabs ze-oglaps. Ngeenkuni, ii-scuffiry ezinamandla ze-muffiry zisetyenziselwa, kwikhonkrithi kunye ne-acker-anchers kunye nezikrelemnqa ngedomel. Khumbula ukuba izitepsi zaphakanyiswa zisebenzisa izixhobo zodonga azinakufakwa kwindawo eyomileyo yokwahlula-hlula, ayomelelanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibone umthwalo ovela kumanqanaba, kunye nodonga olwebelweyo. Ukuqinisa eludongeni lwekhonkrithi ye-fom kuya kuthembeka kuphela ukuba i-anchers ekhethekileyo isetyenzisiwe.
Abahleli bebulela inkampani uOman, umanyano ngoncedo ekulungiseleleni loo nto.