Phantsi komqondiso we-ergonomics

IMITHETHO YEKHIKI YOKUGQIBELA NEENCWADANA ZEENCWADANA, INDLELA YOKUQHUTYELA INDAWO YOKUGQIBELA UKUXELWA ukuze wonwabe? Ngaphandle kokungaphezulu

Ikhitshi yale mihla lelona thuthuzelo liphezulu, iifom ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo kunye netekhnoloji ephezulu. Yonke into iphantsi kwe-ergonomics, kwaye umbono ophambili ulula kakhulu: Ikhitshi kufuneka lenziwe ngendlela yokuba kunokuvuya kusebenza nzima ngaphandle kokuvuyisa ngaphandle kokuvuyisa ngaphandle kokuzonwabisa.

Ibluespecials Thelekisa umsebenzi ekhitshini nemidlalo yobungcali: imigama emide iphazanyiswa ziindawo ezininzi zokuma, amathambeka kunye nowolula. Endaweni yosuku, umntu wenza i-360 yokuzibhrima kunye neentshukumo, kwaye iminyaka engama-20 inombolo yazo iya kuba zizigidi ezingama-2,6. Ukulungiselela iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokupheka, zicinga ixesha elide. Kwanasekuqaleni kwe-CHV. I-African African African African F. I-LAITA igqibe kwelokuba ikhitshi lingumsebenzi wendlu yendlu kwaye kufuneka ixhotywe nge-ERGYICRAL, oko kukuthi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubungakanani bomzimba womntu. Chermnnia kwi-20-HGG. Chkhv. Ichithe "uphando lwe-wite": "Ukulinganisa indlela eyenziwe ngumfazi owayelungiselela isitya, kunye nexesha elichithwe ixesha. Umyinge wentshukumo phakathi kwamaziko amathathu omsebenzi afunyenwe: Ukugcinwa kweendawo zokugcina (ifriji), indawo yokulungiselela imveliso enendawo yokuhlamba kunye nokupheka ukutya (isitovu). Yasekwe ekwakhiweni kwe "nxantathu umsebenzi", owaba sisiseko kwisakhiwo sekhitshi. I-Triangle ngumda wokuhlamba-iziko eliphambili lomsebenzi (kuyo sichitha malunga ne-50-60% yexesha elipheleleyo "lekhitshi" litolika). Kumgama ongu-1.2-2.1 m ukusuka ekuhlambelweni, ifriji kufuneka ibekwe, kwaye i-1.2-1.8m ukusuka kwiplate. Umgama ofanelekileyo phakathi kwencovu yendawo "yenxantathu yokusebenza" yi-3-4m, kwaye indawo yayo ayifanele idlule kwi-4-7m2. Iifriji kunye ne-freezers, njengommiselo, zibekwe kwiimbombo zekhitshi, ukuze "zaphule" umphezulu womsebenzi, okanye ufakwe phantsi komsebenzi.

Ifoto 1. Beckermann.

Ifoto 2. "Ikomebel"

Ifoto 3. "Ikhitshi

Ifoto 4. Wiele.

1. Inkqubo ye-SPACS System yendawo yekona.

2. Inkqubo yekhitshi "dina" ngaphezulu kwe-400 yezinto.

3. Uvelwano luxhaswa ngokuthe nkqo lweekhabhathi ezikhuselweyo.

4. Ilungiselelo le-Kiki lekhitshi: Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-NICHITA kwiikhatileti zeNiche zokugcina iimveliso kunye nezixhobo zokungena; Umsebenzi "weSiqithi", owenza umhlaba wokupheka.

I-ergonomics yekhitshi ingaphelelanga kulwakhiwo olunobuchule 'lwenxantathu yomsebenzi ". Ezinye izinto zibalulekile: umzekelo, ukuphakama kokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwendawo eluncedo ("smart" yoMbutho weekhabhathi kunye neebhokisi) ukuze yonke into oyifunayo isondele kwaye ifumaneka. Eluthandweni, ikhabhathi enkulu, ukuthengisa ifanitshala yabavelisi basekhaya, enjenge "Allegdrev", "I-Atlas-ingqungquthela", "Maria", "ikhitshi" " , "Satellite", "Uxela", "I-EDM, E-EELT, i-Viulia Movili, i-viuliables, i-bau-mat-mat-mat-mat-mat-mat-mat-mat-Mat-Mat-Mat-Mat-Mat-Mat-Matt ), I-Aran, i-Scavolni, i-Snaidero, iMpussit (yonke i-Itali), i-Koryna (i-Czech Republic), i-LA Carter (Finland)., Niya kukuxelela ngolu uyilo. Eyona nto iphambili kukuyila uluhlu lwemibuzo onomdla kuyo. Masijongane kakhulu.

Ifoto 5. I-Boffi.

Ifoto 6. I-Boffi.

Ifoto 7. Nolte Kchen

Ifoto 8. IVerona Mobili.

I-5-6. Ikhitshi lasekhitshini le-Mini Mini ikwenzela igumbi elincinci negumbi elincinci.

7.Uku "Island" iya kukuvumela ukuba ubeke iipaneli zokupheka ezakhiweyo.

8. Kwimeko enye, unokufihla iibhokisi ezimbini ngaxeshanye.

Amanqaku aqala ikhitshi?

Ngokungqinelana nomqondo wokupheka ukutya, indawo yokusebenzela yasekhitshini inokwahlulwa ibe yimimandla emihlanu:

Ukugcinwa "kokutya okudlalelayo", iinkozo, ipasta, i-idr ye-idren), kunye nekhuselo neqhwa;

Ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla esetyenzisiweyo yemihla ngemihla kunye nezinto (izitya, i-cutlery);

Ukuhlamba (phantsi kwabekwa ukuqokelela inkunkuma, ukucoca iimveliso, isihluzo sokucoca amanzi), apho isisu sibekwe khona;

ukulungiselela (ukuqhubekeka kwangaphambili) kweemveliso;

Ukupheka (iphaneli yokupheka, i-oveni, i-steamer, i-extictor, i-ithens, i-babysitting yayo.D.).

Indawo yokuqonda kunye nombutho osebenzayo kuwo onke amacandelo avumela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiiklasi zokupheka zemihla ngemihla.

Ifoto 9. I-aster cucine

Ifoto 10. Nolte Kchen

Ifoto 11. I-Ernestomeda.

Ifoto 12. Wiele.

I-9 kadomina yimpendulo kumbuzo: "Ungayenza njani ikhitshi njengokuba kunokwenzeka, umntu kwaye umhle?"

Imigca ye-10.bentant, intuthuzelo kunye nokusebenza nakweliphi na inqanaba, ngaphakathi kwi-Locker nganye, isakhelo kunye neeshelfu-ezona mpawu ziphambili zale kitchen.

11. Ukuqulunqwa komtsalane kuhle, kwanamhlanje, okwahlukileyo, kutsala izimvo. Ekugqibeleni, i-square nganye yesikwere yekhitshi iconjululwe i-ergonomically kwaye isebenza.

12. "I-Penissula" enemiboniso ekhethiweyo ekugqibeleni inokusebenza njengenkcenkceshelo yezinto eziphilayo kwi "Ulwandle" oluvulekileyo lweSitudiyo.

Iindlela esizikhethayo

Zintandathu eziphambili zeentlobo zoqwalaselo lwekhitshi: Isikwere esinye (umqolo omnye), umgca obini (umqolo obini), i-L-DEARD "(i-GE-DEPRIN"). Olu hlaselo lunemiqathango kakhulu. Umntu ngamnye unokutshintsha nakuphi na ukwakhiwa kweemfuno zayo, imikhwa kunye nendlela yokusebenza.

Umgca (umqolo omnye). Ukuqulunqwa kwe "nxantathu obandayo" kuceliwe ukuba zithunyelwe, kuba yonke imisebenzi elandelayo yenza inkosikazi, ihamba ecaleni komgca omnye. Ifriji kunye ne-SLAB ibhetele ukucwangcisa kumacala ahlukeneyo okuhlamba. Ubeko olunjalo lubalulekile kulo naliphi na igumbi, kubandakanya ikhitshi, ibhalwe kwindawo yesitudiyo.

Umgca ophindwe kabini (umqolo kabini). Unokwahlulahlula ukwakhiwa kweebhloko ezimbini ezifanayo: kwelinye icala, umpheki, ukuhlamba kunye nomphezulu waphakathi kwazo; Kwelinye icala, ifriji, iikhabhathi, kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, umsebenzi owongezelelweyo wento. Ububanzi bendinyana phakathi kwemiqolo bube yi-1.2 m. Umqolo wesibini kwikhitshi elibonakalayo idla ngokufowuna iinkqubo zokugcina, kunye neekhabhathi eziphakamileyo zeTekhnoloji yokuNikeza (zihlala zingena kwi-niche sisisombululo esifanelekileyo nesihle). I-plumes yesakhiwo se-mbini-roll-umphezulu, amandla okubeka inani elikhulu lezinto zombane zasekhaya. Cetha (ngamanye amaxesha zibonakalisa kwindawo encinci) -Iingxaki ezikwindawo yokutsala kunye nokungabikho kwendawo yasimahla.

Uluvo lwengcali

I-coppositions kunye ne-quiderds ezilungisiweyo (i-radial) zintle kakhulu, zinembonakalo yexesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ivela ingxaki yokukhetha phakathi kobuhle kunye nokusebenza, kuba izinto zerediyo. Umzekelo, icandelo le-radius yekhithi ye-wave (umzi-mveliso "maria") i-120 cm i-farsies enamaza ibukeka inomtsalane, kwaye izitya ezininzi zibekwe kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-sash kwimodyuli enjalo ithole, kwaye ubuchule kuyo bunokungenelwa bubunzima obukhulu. Endaweni yesiseko samacandelo ahleliweyo kule ndawo, kungcono ukufaka isitya sokuhlambela kunye necandelo lomgca othe ngqo kunye nedrawer. Izinto ezijikelezileyo zijongeka kakuhle ekhitshini zidityaniswe negumbi lokuhlala. Baza kunceda ukwahlula indawo yasekhitshini kummeli. Kwangelo xesha, iSiqithi "seRadius" siyakwazi ukukhonza njenge-bar.

I-mikhail glcukav, umzi-mveliso we-Collecker "maria"

I-L-FED. Ikhitshi icwangciswe ngohlobo lwencwadi ye-latin "l" ikuvumela ukuba hlukane ngokucacileyo nokuba indawo encinci ibe yindawo ezimbini zokusebenza nokusebenza. Kwangelo xesha, kuyavela indawo eyongezelelweyo yomsebenzi, kwaye ivolumu yekhabhathi yanele ukugcina yonke imfuneko. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lufanelekile phantse kuwo onke amagumbi, ngaphandle kwento emxinwa. Ngeekhitshi ezivulekileyo kunye nokuvula, apho kungekho sidingo sithile sokusebenzisa ii-angles, ukwakhiwa kwe-L-Fieds kufanelekile, imigca engaxhunyiwe yimodyuli ye-angcular.

I-U-SEED. Ifenitshala kunye neendlela ezikwiindonga ezintathu "zisasaze" ngumsebenzisi, zibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kuwo onke amacala kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhitshi. Enye yeebhloko (njengommiselo, ngokuhlamba) zibekwe eludongeni ngefestile, kwaye izibonelelo zomsebenzi kunye nokukhanya kwendalo zicacile. Ubude bodonga, obuyisela icandelo eliphambili lokuqulunqwa, kufuneka zibe yi-2.4-4m, kunye nomgama phakathi kweebhloko ezifanayo yi-1,5-2.8m. Kubukhulu obuncinci, akuyi kubakho ndawo yokujika, kwaye ngelungiselelo elikhulu ngakumbi uya kuba nalo lukhulu kakhulu ukuba ungahamba phakathi kwamaziko omsebenzi.

Ifoto 13. Del tong.

Ifoto 14. Del tong.

Ifoto 15. "UMaria"

Ifoto 16. "Ikhitshi

13-14. Itafile yesidlo sangokuhlwa, kufutshane ne "Island", ekuqhubeni iliso lijika libe yintsimi yomsebenzi wehostele.

Ulwakhiwo lwecandelo le-15.u: ngoncedo lweyunithi ekhethekileyo, i-Sink ikhuliswe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomphezulu.

16. Isicatshulwa sokuqala sinika "isiqithi" sobunyani be-formation kunye nobunye.

Msgstr "Island". Le yindawo edibeneyo yohlobo naluphi na uhlobo lweyunithi yomsebenzi eyongezelelweyo ("isiqithi") eyenziwe phakathi egumbini. Uhlobo olufanayo lokucwangciswa lubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okwenza "unxantathu osebenzayo". Isebenze esi siqithi sinokuba nakho nakanjani na: Ukuhlamba, i-hob, umphezulu wokusika, ikhawuntari (ukusuka kwigumbi lokuhlala). "Unxantathu osebenzayo" Akukho meko ifanele yahlulwe "sisiqithi" - kule meko akulunganga ukulungiselela ukutya. Olu hlengahlengiso lufanelekile kuphela kwindawo exhaphakileyo ukusuka kwi-18m2. Imilinganiselo egqibeleleyo ye "Island" - 1.21,2m, ubuncinci yi-9060cm. Ububanzi beendinyana abungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1.2mm.

"IPeninsula". Esi sisicwangciso sekhitshi yekhitshi i-L-okanye i-U-peninsula "-inqanaba, elidityaniswe neekhabhathi zengubo. Ihamba okanye sisitovu. "IPeninsula" inokusetyenziswa njengomphezulu womsebenzi, i-racks yesidlo sakusasa, ekukhonzeni itafile eyahlula ikhitshi kwigumbi lokutyela.

Uqwalaselo luchaphazela iindleko zokwenziwa kwekhitshi. Ke, ikhitshi leebhloko ze-angular yi-10-15% ibiza kakhulu kunendlela efanayo. I-Analia "Iziqithi" ngenani elifanayo lezinto ezinyusa ixabiso ubuncinci i-20%.

Uluvo lwengcali

Kutshanje, abavelisi baseYurophu babonelela ngobunzulu beetafile. Umzekelo, uNolte Kchen, kunye nobunzulu obuphezulu komzimba ongezantsi, i-56cm kwisiseko sezinto kukho iikhameti kwaye zinciphise ubunzulu-i-7,5 cm, i-71cm (yetafile ephezulu). I-computermertops kwi-Noltekchen inobunzulu obungama-60, 75, 90 ukuya kwi-120 cm. Kodwa umzi-mveliso unokwenza nayiphi na i-counterterp kolu luhlu. Ukongeza amatyala, ukusetyenziswa kwebala elinzulu kakhulu kukuchasa imfuneko yobugcisa. Umzekelo, ngendibaniselwano yomphezulu wokupheka kwegesi kunye nodonga lweglasi "APRON", umgama ophakathi kwe-10 cm.

UAlexey Dergalin, UMlawuli wezobuchwephesha kwi-Olte Kchen office kwi-Russia

Amanqanaba amathathu entuthuzelo

Uninzi lwazo zonke, sidiniwe xa sisebenza. Ukuphambuka komzimba ukusuka kwi-Axis ethe nkqo i-20, ngokwedatha yenzululwazi, kukhokelela kumthwalo-wesayensi kwi-IntervereBral, i-Voltage esemva kwe-Intervertebral, i-Powlity, i-Inden, kwaye inobangela wenzala kwimilenze. Ke ngoko, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-ergonomics yendawo yokusebenza yeyona ndawo ichanekileyo yemimandla yazo.

Abasebenzi bexesha laseSoviet bakwa-vniite (zonke izinto zophando lwezenzululwazi zezenzululwazi ze-aesthetics ze-aesthetics) amanqanaba asebenzayo kunye nemilinganiselo engaphambi kwemisebenzi nganye. Ukuphakama kwabo umgangatho wabo kucetywayo ngokungqinelana nokukhula komndilili waseYurophu (164-168cm) kwaye iimeko zokusebenza zimi 85cm phantsi. Emva kwexesha, uyilo lwaseRussia lonke kunye noyilo kunye neteknoloji yefenitshala yefanitshala) ezazingezwe obunye ubude beenqwelomoya ezinokubakho ukuya kwi-90cm. Namhlanje, ikhitshi elinetafile ephezulu ye-90cm ikwimfuno enkulu. Umzekelo, eUnited States kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu (ngakumbi, eSandinavia), le paraerter iba ngumgangatho omtsha.

Ifoto 17. Riva.

Ifoto 18. Nolte Kchen

Ifoto 19. Beckermann.

17. IBhodi yokohlwaya yenza ukuhlamba imoto ngakumbi.

18. Indlela ethile yelungiselelo lendawo phantsi kwesinki.

I-19.Kunny ene-hob engathathi-langa.

Rhoqo, ikhitshi ligqityiwe ngetokhe ti yetafile enye. Ngokutsho kweengcali ezininzi, iindiza zenqanaba lamaqela amaninzi zine-ergonomic. Bayenza lula ukuba iingxaki zemihla ngemihla, njengoko unakho ukutshintsha indawo kamva kunye nokusasaza umthwalo. Elona nqanaba liphezulu lomhlaba (malunga ne-100cm ukusuka kumgangatho) kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba elifuyo. Oku kuyakuvumela ukuba i-hostess isebenze, ibambe umva ngqo, kwaye ii-elbows ziya kugoba kwikona elungileyo, kwaye iibhulethi zilungelelanisa ngasecaleni lesitya se-Sink. Ngaphantsi kancinci kwendawo ephezulu (malunga ne-90cm) kuyacetyiswa kwindawo yokusika. Ukuchonga ukuphakama okuqinisekileyo kwetafile, sebenzisa umgaqo olula: hluleka izandla zakho kwi-elbow phakathi komphezulu wokugqibela nosebenzayo kufuneka ube malunga ne-15 cm. Xa ubeka i-hard (ikakhulu) kwipaneli yokupheka okanye uyisuse, ilungele kwaye ikhuselekile ukugcina ezi zitya ziphezulu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, umphezulu wokupheka ungcono ukuthoba itafile enqunyuliweyo nge-10 cm. Amanani anikezwe ngasi-US ziimpawu eziphakathi. Bayahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekukhuleni komsebenzisi.

Ifoto 20. Wiele.

Ifoto 21. Nolte Kchen

Ifoto 22. I-Bau-ye-sth-mat

Ifoto 23. "UMaria"

20. Ibar Rack inokusebenzela umhlaba osikiweyo umsebenzisi ophezulu kakhulu.

Ibhodi yokusika iBhodi yokusika inyuse umphezulu womsebenzi.

22.Iya kwigumbi elincinci: "I-Peninsula", yajika ibe yitafile yesidlo sakusasa.

23. UModlo Modlo modlow ungqinelana kwaye uxanduva. Kukho indawo yonke into apha.

Ngenxa yento enokuphakamisa umsebenzi ukuba ukuphakama komgangatho ophantsi kwe-72cm esezantsi (ngaphandle kwesiseko)? Umzekelo, ngoncedo lwesiseko, ukuphakama okuqhelekileyo kwe-10 ne-15 cm (i-nolte kchen-9 ne-30cm). Olunye ukhetho kukubonelela kwiikhavathi zemilenze eguqukayo (ukuphakama kwabo kuyanda, ukuba kukho imfuneko). Isisombululo esinjalo sikwanika ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi. Indlela yesithathu kukuxhoma iimodyuli ezisezantsi eludongeni (ukuba yimali enkulu). Iziphumo zekhitshi ziya kuba lula. I-Aeeslis ezinjalo iimodyuli zixhotyiswe ngesibane esingasemva, i-tier esezantsi yefenitshala ngokubanzi iya "kuvuka." Ngendlela, iqhotyoshelweyo eziqhotyoshelweyo kunye neenyawo ezixhotyiswe ngemilenze azimhle kuphela, kodwa zikhululekile. Enye indlela kukusetyenziswa kweetafile zetafile zobukhulu obuguqukayo. Ifenitshala "ifanitshala" inikezela ukwenza itafile enobungqingqwa be-4cm, kunye nomda wepaneli yokupheka ukuyinciphisa ukuya kwi-1,2 cm.

Kukho iindlela ezilula ezilula zefuthe lendiza esebenzayo, njengetafile eyongeziweyo ephezulu yeBhodi yokusika kwamaplanga, esebenzisa ukuhlamba iipleyiti ze-thiyerhead.

Iminyango ivulekile ...

Ukukhetha iikhabhathi ezikhuselweyo, abasebenzisi bahlala benikela ingqalelo kuphela kwisikhundla sabo, kodwa musa ukunika amaxabiso kumnyango ovulekileyo. I-Swing ayisoloko ikhululekile. Kungcono ukukhetha ezo zivulekileyo (ukusongela ngokuthe tyaba, i-roove sash, umnyango wokuphakamisa). Enkosi kwiindlela ezinomsebenzi ohlangeneyo wokuvalwa ngokugudileyo, umzekelo, i-vivario (i-Hetticy, i-Avenic) kunye neengcango zekhabhathi ezikhuselweyo, zixhotyisiwe nge-proper, inyuka ngokutyibilikayo kwaye ithe cwaka.

Hee, wena, phaya, phezulu!

Ukukhethwa kobungakanani beekhabhinethi ezikhuselweyo kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi: Inani lezixhobo kunye neemveliso ozimisele ukuzigcina, inqanaba lesiility, izikhombisi ezinobuhle. Abanye abasebenzisi (ngokufuthi abagugileyo) bakhetha ikhitshi eliphakamileyo, abanye bathanda iirakhi eziphantsi, owesithathu ukhetha inketho, kwaye okwesine bakholelwa ukuba ngaphandle kweemodyuli ezakhiweyo, kunye nezinto eziphumayo (le ngu I-fashioni ye-fashioni ye-fash

Imigangatho eqhotyoshelweyo iqhotyoshelwe i-36-101cm kunye nobunzulu obuyi-30cm. Kukho ezo zinto zibeka ngqo kwi-Ofisi (i-Appatude, malunga ne-120 ne-140 cm). Iqela elahlukileyo lenze iikhamethe ezizenzelwe ukuba zenzelwe izixhobo zekhaya ezifakelweyo (zingaphezulu kwe-200cm). Ishelufu ephezulu yeemodyuli zodonga iyacetyiswa ukuba ifakwe kungaphezulu kwe-190 cm phantsi (kule meko, ukuphakama komgangatho kuya kuba yi-210 cm). Ububanzi bekhabhathi - 15-120cm kunye nangaphezulu. Umenzi ngamnye ubonelela ngeseti yobukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Ihlala inesityebi. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso weNolte waziswa kwiNkqubo ye-Innovative Matrix ye-150: Imilinganiselo yekhabhathi kwaye zonke ezinye izinto zaba zii-150 ngokwazisa ubungakanani obutsha osisiseko-raster. Ithathwe njengenyathelo, ebalwa kwimilinganiselo emithathu: ukuphakama, ububanzi, ubunzulu.

Ifoto 24. I-HCCHER ("Uhombiso")

Ifoto 25. I-HCCHER ("Uhombiso")

Ifoto 26. Hettich

Ifoto 27. Hettich

24-25. Izinto ezenzelwe ngokukodwa zikuvumela ngokulinganayo, ngobunono nangokuthe cwaka ukuze uvale iminyango.

25-26. I-Innovauvations heetch: i-Inness Systic Sysction iphinda ihambelane nokuchukumisa kancinci kwiphaneli engaphambili, ibeka phambili iibhokisi, nokuba zilayishwe kangakanani na (25); I-intess entsha ye-LoOP ene-Ruspen

Ukuphakama kweekhabhathi eziphezulu kukwamisela umgama phakathi kweemodyuli ezifakwe kunye nomgangatho - 50-70cm. Kwangelo xesha, umgama phakathi kweHoob kwaye i-Extit kufuneka ibe yi-70-75cm yesitovu sombane kunye ne-75-80cm- yegesi. Iikhavathi ezithile ze-Wall ezihonjisiweyo nangaphantsi, ukuze zibe ngama-45cm ukusuka kumphezulu wokusebenza. Kwimeko yomntu ophakathi, ngekhe kube lula ukufumana umxholo kungekuphela kwisheriyeli esezantsi, kodwa nakumzuzwana. I-AVOT idinga ukutyholwa okwesithathu. Inokukwazi ukufikelela kuyo, mhlawumbi, kuphela "ngumdlali webhasikithi kuphela" ukuphakama kwe-2m. Ke ngoko, nyamekela ukuba onke amalungu osapho afaneleke ukusebenzisa iimodyuli eziphezulu.

Uluvo lwengcali

Ikhitshi kufuneka iququzelele ukukhanya okuthile (ngaphezulu), ikhanya indawo yokutyela, umphezulu wokusebenza. Kodwa okokuqala, jonga indawo yokusebenza. Kwangelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukusasaza umthombo wokukhanya ukuze kube ngathi iwele kwitafile yokusika, inyibilikisi kunye nesitovu. Njengommiselo, ukukhanya ngokubanzi, ngakumbi xa ukupheka ukutya, ekhitshini akwanele. Ke ngoko, ukukhanya okongeziweyo kuyafuneka, okuya kuwa kwimimandla ebalulekileyo esebenzayo. Uninzi luhlala lusebenza kwizibane ezakhiwe kwiCornice naphantsi kweemodyuli eziphezulu. Zininzi izisombululo zentsusa: umzekelo, iishelufa ezikhanyayo ezisebenza njengomthombo owongezelelweyo wokukhanya kwaye unike ikhitshi elingaphakathi ikhitshi. Ukongeza, isibane sesherifu sinokusetyenziswa endaweni yeBhola ekhatywayo ekhuselweyo.

I-Oksana Budin, uyilo olukhokelayo lwenkampani "Ekomebel"

Akukho zizinto zincinci

Intengiso yaseYurophu ibeka iimfuno ezintathu ezisisiseko zekhitshi.

1. Imele ithule. Ukuvalela iingcango, i-knockboxs, i-crak kunye nezinye iingxolo zenza imvakalelo yokungalungisi. Ke ngoko, abavelisi bezinto ezilungiselelwe i-laltice (i-Itali), ingca (i-Austria), iBlum, iHitic, i-HETETICS- isebenzisa ukuthunga okukuko, oko kukuthi, ukuvala okuthe tye. Oku kusebenza kungekuphela kwiinkqubo eziphazamisayo neziphumayo. Namhlanje, phantse nayiphi na imodyuli yekhitshi esebenzayo inokufakelwa ngendlela ekuvumela ukuba uvale iingcango cwaka. Umzekelo yinkqubo entsha ethe cwaka (i-hettich) ilogo eyakhelwe-e-thule, enika ukuvalelwa emnyango, i-AJAR kwi-angle engaphaya kwe-35. Abayili abanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwi ifanitshala engenazipeni. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokucofa-yokuvula ihlala ibalulekile, kwaye iyaqhubeka iphucuka.

2. Imbono evela kwiingcango ze-hinsed kwi-tier esezantsi yekhitshi. Iidreyini ezinesithuba esipheleleyo semigangatho kunye neeshelfu zemveli kwiikhavathi ezisezantsi zenza ukuba isebenzise ngokufanelekileyo indawo eluncedo, yenza iziqulatho ezinokubonwa kwangaphambili kwaye zifikeleleke ngakumbi. Ngasemva kunye neendonga ezisecaleni kunye necala, kunye ne-delimill zangaphakathi ziyanceda ukhathalela iodolo engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, azikho iishelfu ezizimeleyo emva kweengcango ze-swing namhlanje, kodwa iingobozi zentsimbi.

3. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwendawo yangaphakathi yeekhabhathi kunye neebhokisi. Ifanitshala "ye-SMART yokugcwalisa" yefenitshala yasekhitshini yanamhlanje ivumela wonke umntu ukuba enze amalungiselelo kwaye aqengqele kwiindawo, ugcina ixesha kunye nomzamo wemikhosi.

Uluvo lwengcali

Ngokomndilili, ubungakanani obuthile bokukhanya kwekhitshi yi-75W / m2. Kufanele ukuba ubuninzi bokupheka, i-100w / m2, kwaye kufutshane netafile yokutyela, i-50w / m2. Izibane ngaphezulu kwesinki kunye nesitovu kufuneka sibe nenqanaba lokukhuselwa kwe-IP 22. Ukhululekile umntu ukuba umntu onobushushu bemibala engama-2800-350000k. Imo yombala onikezela ngesalathiso (i-RA) ye-Revertal Show (ilanga) yamkelwa kwi-100. Uluhlu lokuguqulela umbala luyi-80-100ra.

I-Ekaterina Chistyeeeeva, i-Collener Fibner Proper "ikhitshi leSitayile"

Ngena kwikhitshi

Kule gumbi, i-spectum emhlophe efudumeleyo efana nokukhanya kwendalo kukhethwa. Inika izibane ezixabisa ii-fluorescent ezinqabileyo ngamaqondo obushushu ama-2700K (uhlobo: ltb) kunye ne-LTB) kunye ne-LTB yezibane, eziqaqambileyo, ezicocekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziSunny. Baqinisekisa olona phawu luchanileyo lombala, kunye nokubonisa okunjalo, izitya eziphekiweyo zijongeka zinomdla.

Ifoto 28. IVerona Mobili.

Ifoto 29. "UMaria"

Ifoto 30. I-HCCHER ("Uhombiso")

Ifoto 31. I-HCCHER ("Uhombiso")

I-28.Roroust ephezulu yeedrawers zedrawers zikuvumela ukuba woyise umxholo wazo kuwo onke amacala, kwaye ikhitshi ibonakala ilula.

Iidrawords ezingama-29.g-ezimile zidityaniswe nekhasethi efanelekileyo.

30. Iwadi ixhotywe ngeentlobo ezimbini zokukhanya ngasemva: ngaphaya komgangatho wokusebenza, ofihliweyo.

31Izifubeni ezingama-31.

Ukusuka kwimithombo yokukhanya yeFluorescent, izibane ze-lelonjid ene-diameter ye-7 okanye i-16mm kunye ne-40w ithathelwa ingqalelo. Ukusela amandla abo ngamaxesha ama-5 asezantsi, kwaye iziphumo zokukhanya ziphezulu kunezibane ze-incacentent. Imithombo yokukhanya ye-Aiz ye-Aiz ye-Aiphon ifanelekile i-voltage (12v) yezibane ze-tubular kunye ne-spiral ende. Xa zifakiwe, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngendawo yendawo yokuguqula: iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-O0V, baya kusilela kwangoko. Inkonzo yobomi be-halon ye-Haryn Lamp 2-6 amawaka. Ikwabonisa iziphumo eziphezulu (14-25lm / w) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ophantsi. Uninzi lwazo, izibane zifakwe phantsi kweekhabhathi ezixhonyiweyo, zisebenzisa zombini imithombo yokukhanya ye-tubimar kunye nendawo. Ukongeza, umntu unokufumaneka kwimithombo yokukhanya enye ngaphezulu kweekhabhathi eziphezulu-kumqolo kuwo wonke umgca wendawo yokusebenza. Xa ufaka isilingi, akufuneki uphathe izibane ngaphantsi komda weshelufa. I-Teten Lamps ziqhotyoshelwe eziqhotyoshelwe kwiibakaki eziguquguqukayo okanye ezinokususwa zii-50-60 cm. Khetha izibane ezilula ukuhlamba: ukungcola kunciphisa inqanaba lokukhanyisa nge-10 ukuya kwi-20%.

Ukukhanyisa umphezulu wokusebenza, kuphela yimithombo yokukhanya kuphela esetyenziselwa ukupheliswa. Isebenzisa iibhalbhu ezincinci ze-inclobs ngomthamo wama-20-40ws, i-llonginescected i-luminescect (9-13w) kunye ne-halon (20w).

Ingqwalaselo eyodwa ifuna ukugubungela "isiqithi". Ukuba umhlaba wokupheka wenziwe kuwo, kuyacetyiswa ukufaka i-hood enezixhobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwindawo yokusebenza. I-Aesley iyothusa "isiqithi", ungasebenzisa izibane kwiintambo ezibekiweyo kwi-belafones, ekutshateni. Inguqulelo eqhelekileyo yokukhanyisela "Isiqithi" yindawo oyimiselweyo - i-menacol, ixhotywe ngemithombo yokukhanya.

Yintoni enokugcina ngaphandle kokulalanisa impilo kunye nentuthuzelo

1. Ithemba lilula ukuyila kweemodyuli zekhitshi, ezona ziphantsi kwefenitshala.

2. Ngeendawo ezibanzi zekhitshi, incinci indleko iyonke. Ikhabini enye enexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kuneekhanethi ezimbini ezifanayo ze-45cm.

3. Izinto zesifundo kunye ne-Decor (iglasi, i-aluminium, iglasi yeglasi.) -Iindleko ezongeziweyo. Imodyuli encinci ngeengcango zeglasi, iphantsi ixabiso lilonke lekhithi.

4. Ubuhlungu bamabala kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa akufuneki ukuba zenziwe ngoluhlu olubi kakhulu. Iitekhnoloji zale mihla zivunyelwe ukuphucula umgangatho weplastiki kunye ne-MDF. Ezi zixhobo zahlulahlulwe ngamandla akhethekileyo, zinxibe ukunganyangeki, i-thermo- kunye nokunganyakelwa kwemincili, kwaye kukho uluhlu olubiza kakhulu.

5. Yivuselele kwakhona, yeyiphi kwaye indawo oya kuyo ekhitshini, ethathela ingqalelo ukwenziwa kosapho.

Kvodelosu malunga nokonga

Ikhitshi elitsha - isiganeko esikhulu kubomi baso nasiphi na igumbi: Ukulungisa igumbi, khetha ifanitshala, izixhobo, umxholo osebenzayo, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zomsebenzi, izixhobo. Yintoni onokuyindisa? Ngelishwa, abaninzi bayayenza ngenkcitho yesixhobo sangaphakathi seekhabhathi kunye neebhokisi. Iidrafti ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu kunye nezinokuthenjwa, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuququzelela indawo yazo zenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zekhitshi. I-vorgonomics ibaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya umsebenzi wokutya. Khawufane ucinge indlela engakhathalelwanga ukuba ndifikelele kwizibonelelo, ibeka amadolo akho kwaye igobe okanye isuse i-ofisi yonke yeshelufu! Akunakulindeleka ukuba uza kuza kwibhokisi eshayo kwi-chembi ngaphandle kwabadada: baya kuba bucala ukuba bavuthelwe, kwaye kuphela nge-1/3 kuphela, ukuba iziqulatho zazo zisenziwa, ngokuchasene nomququzeleli. I-AVEDA yonke imihla kuya kufuneka uvule amaxesha ali-10-15 kwaye ubavale.

Ifoto 32. Wiele.

Ifoto 33. Nolte Kchen

Ifoto 34. Beckermann.

Ifoto 35. Blum

32.Kirly Homet Lacquer Idityaniswe ne-veneer ye-veleambar yendalo, egqunywe ngamathuba aphezulu, kwaye endaweni yekhabhathi engezantsi esebenzise izinxibo ezibambekileyo. Kwimeko "yokuhlala", izibane zilungile.

33-34. Xa inkangeleko yekhitshi yekhitshi ye-Ergonomic icingisiswe ngononophelo ngomxholo wangaphakathi, ibangela ukumangalisa. Imveliso Nolte Kchen kunye neBeckermann zidibanisa zombini zombini.

35.Suardpossiss refreyidi yenkqubo yetreyi, kunye neendawo zokulwahlulwa kwe-chediyo kwaye ezixineneyo ze-Orga-Coudene ye-Orga-Coune yemigca inokulungelelaniswa ngokomnqweno wakho. Abafuni kukhathalelo oluninzi, kwaye banokuhlanjwa kwisitya sokuhlambela.

Okanye uqaphele, umzekelo, indawo ephantsi kwesinki. Ibhakethi yeplastiki kubunzulu bendawo yengubo ayilolona hlobo luqokelelwa yinkunkuma, ngakumbi ukuba uthelekisa nenkqubo esetyenziswayo equlathe izitya ezilula ezininzi zokuhlamba lula. Iinkqubo zokubuyisa kunye neendlela zeSwivel ezinendlela ezintsonkothileyo zenza ukuba ikhitshi lixabiseke ngakumbi. Kodwa kuyakwalela kubo ukuba iba ngumsebenzi we-ergonomic, ukhululekile. Ezi zixhobo zisungula i-hostess kwiintshukumo ezingeyomfuneko, qinisekisa uku-oda. Akukho mfuneko yokuba zonke iikhatile zixhotyisiwe nazo. Iindleko zeendlela zeselula kwinguqulelo yezoqoqosho yi-10% yexabiso lekhitshi. Kule mali uya ku-odola esinye isiphelo ngeebhokisi ezigcweleyo ezixhotyiswe ngabaququzeleli. Vumela kuphela iibhokisi ezinjalo, kodwa kuzo uyakubeka zonke ezona zinto zisebenzayo, izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lulinganiselwe, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zentsimi ezintsonkothileyo kuya kufuneka ukwala, kodwa uya kukwazi ukuhlawula ibhotile ye-cattile 15cm ububanzi (1500-2000) kwindawo yokupheka. Kwikhitshi enendawo ye-7-10m2, oku kwanele. Ukuba ufuna ukucwangciswa yedwa, kodwa oovimba bolwazi bobabini abane-croower, iindleko zekhitshi ziya kunyuka nge-15-16%, kwaye ukuba zimbini ze-anglartings-ngama-30%.

Abahleli bebulela i-Salon Studio "Umhombiso", iNkampani "i-MARIA", i-IBTM ", i-Verosi, i-Verosi, i-Gerosi, i-Hiem, i-Hiem eRussia icela uncedo ekulungiseni loo nto.

Lo mbandela ulungiselelwe ngokwemiphumo yophando lwabafundi kwiwebhusayithi yesenzo "Yenza imibono emitsha."