Itekhnoloji yokufuya. Ingxubusho yomyalelo kunye nokufihlaka kokwenza ikhontrakthi egqityiweyo kunye nomgwebi
Ukutyelela iindawo ezininzi zemveliso apho i-fillbit yezindlu zenziwa khona izindlu ezizayo, sagqiba kwelokuba sizixelele ngeenkqubo apho, kwaye ngokwemizekelo ethile enxulumene netekhnoloji yokusika, kufuneka sicinge iindlela zokuzicombulula kwikhontrakthi egqityiweyo ngekhontraktha.
Izakhiwo zesandla-ezivavanyiweyo zezakhiwo zokwakha. Inzala kuyo ayisiyo yonke inqunyulwe, ngaphandle kobuso bezinto kunye neetekhnoloji, ngokuchasene noko, bavula amathuba angakumbi. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, iindlela zokwakha kunye neendlela zokwakha zezakhiwo zendalo, ezimiselwe ziipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo - ilogo, njengoko ihleli iphantse yaguqukayo. Iiprinks ezinde ezithe tye, njengoko iinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, zingamaRacas, zidibanisa kwiikona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, indlu yelog ifunyenwe. Ezona ndawo zilungileyo zokwenza iikhabhathi zelog zithathwa njengepile kunye nefir. Kuyinyani, kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-Cedar kunye ne-larch boyiswa ngoku kunye ne-brch (ngaphambili i-RECH (ngaphambili i-versing ngenxa yokungaxhathisi obuphakamileyo ekulayishweni kwecawa yecawa). Ukuba nohlobo lomthi kuzisa ivumba layo elikhethekileyo, elimangalisayo endlwini.
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Uza kuqala phi?
Ewe kunjalo, unxibelelwano lwakho kunye nenkampani yoKhenketho kufuneka iqale ngengxoxo nomyili wezeziyilingi kwizakhiwo zelog. Uya kuxubusha isisombululo kunye nesimo sengqondo sestypistic ekhaya. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuvakalisa iminqweno yabo: inani elifunekayo lamagumbi okulala (kwaye yeyiphi imigangatho yegumbi lokuhlala nekhitshi (ikhitshi (imfuneko yokubambisana, igumbi lokuhlambela kunye nezixhobo zawo Yona.D. UmYuda kwisiseko seminqweno, umyili uza kunika iindlela ezininzi zezindlu, kuhle, kuya kufuneka ukhethe kwaye wamkele omnye wabo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uyenze le nto kwaye ingcali iya kuqala ukuphuhlisa iprojekthi, iqela elinezinto ezinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kwitekhnoloji yeendlela zokungena, kwaye ke icingisise yonke into oyifunayo kwimvumelwano egqityiweyo. Khawuqwalasele le mibuzo.
Udwelisa njani umgca othe ngqo kwilog?
Ayisiyo iflethi kakhulu kubume bomphezulu welog, ayilula kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kobukho be-laser kunye nezinye iindlela ze-ultra ezibandakanyeka ekwenzeni iikhabhathi ze-log kwi-log kwilog, zikhetha ukusebenzisa iqonga, kunye namawaka eminyaka.
Ngaphandle kweziphelo zelog, isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulinganisa (njengekhabhoni, inqanaba, umgca we-I.P.), kukho amanqaku amabini "kunye" amanqaku amabini "avela kumphezulu. Emva koko bathabatha i-Thinelie eqinileyo kwaye ilungiswe ngethumba okanye isikhonkwane esinye esiphelweni kwinqaku lokuqala (a). Bayihlazo intloko yentloko, emva koko balungisa ezinye iziphelo kuManqaku wesibini. Ihlala ikhuphe isandla sokutsala i-Thine ukusuka kumphezulu welog (b), emva koko ukukhulula kakhulu, kwaye umgca omnyama othe tye sele ulungile (b).
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Roll okanye ngokungqongqo?
Phesheya ukuze ususe i-barks kunye nezixhobo ze-hydraulic okanye ezinqabileyo ze-hydroabravic, iingcibi ze-hydroabravic, i-Russia isetyenziswa ukufezekisa injongo efanayo yokwamkelwa kweevintage ezimbini. Phambili kwemeko ye-Cora isuswe yi-ax okanye i-scraper ehonjisiweyo (ifosholo), elesibini, ngoncedo lwendoda. Zombini iindlela zilungile kuba zikuvumela ukuba ugcine ungqiwulo olukhuselekileyo lweenkuni, umngxunya, kodwa ukulungiswa kwengqolowa malunga ne-15 ukuya kwi-20% kuyabiza ngaphezulu kwe-ax ye-ax. Kodwa imbonakalo ye-logs yahlukile ngokupheleleyo: mhlophe, icocekile. (Ngokuphathelele ukucoca okuyintloko, ungqameko oluncinci lwe-barbell lunokuhlala kwilog, iqula lenzeka kuyo yonke into, ukuya kuthi ga kwinkululeko ephantsi kwenkululeko phantsi kwenkululeko.) Kodwa kwilinye icala, amango osele ehleli, Yithi, ukungahambelani kwendalo. Injani indlela yokukhetha kuwe. Konke kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukuqhubekisa okuceba ukucwangcisa iindonga emva kokuhlanganisa indlu onayo kwisakhiwo. Ukuba uceba ukugaya ngaphakathi nangaphandle (iindleko zomsebenzi yi-ruble eyi-500. Kwi-1m2), kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise i-ham hade ham. Ukuba unokupeyinta kwangoko, kufanelekile ukukhetha ukulungiswa ngesidlo sakusasa. Kodwa kufanele ukuba ibe ngumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu: kwi-cambia egciniweyo (kuphantse kwaye ke, xa uqhuba kubi, inokukhulisa i-crust, le nkqubo iyaqhubeka kwi-Log. Ngaphandle koko iindonga ziya kufuneka zigalele (kuthetha ukulila "ukonga!), Okanye ukupeyinta umbala omnyama, ongafaniyo nomntu wonke.
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1. Ukukhohlakala kwendlu yelogi, njengekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, kwenziwa kude kwindawo apho kuya kufakwa khona kamva. IMisebenzi ikhokelela kwindawo yokuvelisa, apho i-calins ye-cabins eyahlukileyo yelog inokuqokelela ngaxeshanye.
2. Ifosholo egciniweyo-Isixhobo esilula kakhulu sokusika i-bitch encinci kunye ne-bark. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa ukucoceka okugqibeleleyo kwendawo yelog yayo nayo.
I-3-4. Ukuqhuba i-log ham. Isini se-babel sisusa kancinci, eyona ndawo imbi kakhulu ye-crust. Ukuwomisa, ilogo enjalo inokuthenga i-pegoy parounger.
Iingodo kunye nabanikazi abangalinganiyo abashiyekileyo ayonelisekanga. Ewe, kunye nabachweli ezinjalo ngeelogo ezinjalo kuya kuba nzima ukusebenza, ngoko ke iifemu ezininzi ezinikezelwayo zokudubula icawa yecawa ye-ricankov, kodwa zingaphulukani ne-themospic Iimpembelelo (kuphela amacala angaphezulu eCollot asuswa. Ologoni lubiza kakhulu nge-20-30%, kodwa ilog yendlu ifumana imbonakalo yobuhle, kwaye iindonga zinokuphuphuma ngokukhawuleza emva kwendibano. Ewe, abo banokwenza ukuba bakwazi ukwenza, bongezeleleke phambi kokupeyinta, benika ukufana okukhulu kunye nokujikeleza.
Nceda uqaphele: Ngonyuso lweendleko zelog, ngenxa yokuqhubekiswa kwayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba unyuse iindleko zokwakha isakhiwo selogi, kuba igqitywe ngulawulo olusemthethweni lwabavelisi njengepesenti yezinto.
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I-5-6. Ukungena ngokungqongqo kwimithetho, susa izitenxo zendalo, kwaye iinkuni aziphulukani nokukwazi ukuxhathisa iimpembelelo zemotookic. Indawo ehleliweyo ayigudileyo, kodwa ngokomgaqo ayinakuqinisekiswa ngakumbi.
I-7-8. Ukuqhekeka kweedayamitha ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-bitch eshiyekileyo kumphezulu wazo kuya kunika iindonga zemvelaphi. Kodwa ukuphinda kwenziwe "ngokweetekhnoloji" ezingathandekiyo aziyithandi wonke umntu.
Ungayenza njani i-grooves?
Ukuze iingogs zikhanyiselwe ngokuqinileyo omnye komnye, ii-grooves (i-chute) zikhethwe kwinye yeelogo ezihlanganisiweyo. Indlela endala yokudala ilandelayo. Ilogo entsha ibekwe eludongeni kwaye ngoncedo lwesixhobo esikhethekileyo - "iimpawu" - kumacala omabini amacala emiphethweni yexesha elizayo. "Inqaku elithi" Ijongeka ngathi yingqokelela: umlenze omnye onesilayidi ngaphezulu komphezulu welog yelog, i-stick yesibini inomgca ophezulu. Esi sixhobo sikwiinkulungwane ezininzi, kwaye namhlanje abachweli bahlala bephucula kancinane, benamathela kwinqanaba le-bubble kwelinye lemilenze.
Emva koko, ngaphaya kwe-Groove yenze ilanga le-chainsaw, kwaye emva koko i-topoper ekhethekileyo (ibala layo ayikho ecaleni kwentsimbi, nangaphezulu kwaye inohlobo lwe-gutter) kwi-Groove kwiintsinga zikhetha iintsinga. Kwangelo xesha, iintsinga ziqhwa, zithintela iipokethi ezincinci ezincinci, ezinciphisa amandla okhuni ukufunxa umswakama. Ucinga ntoni, kutheni sisixelela ngokweenkcukacha ngayo?
Inyani yile yokuba ezinye iinkampani zenze lula inkqubo yokwenza iGroove. Thatha i-chainsi: vzhik, i-vzhik- kwaye ilungile. Kodwa imiphumo yale ilusizi kakhulu. Okokuqala, ilog inokuqhekeka ecaleni kweGroove (inqanaba elibukhali leGroove yingcali yevoti). Okwesibini, i-roound ye-triang ithelekiswa ne-semicircular inobushushu obuncinci kunye nezalathiso ze-inshurensi ezivakalayo (kodwa malunga namaxesha ama-2 ahamba ngexabiso eliphantsi).
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I-9-10. Umonakalo "owodwa" ("umzobo") onesikhungo.
11. Inkqubo yenkqubo yemveliso ye-semicirsulal ye-sericinal groove ene-axle ekhethekileyo.
12. I-roornicudinal ye-roove ye-roove, eyenziwe isebenzisa i-chainsaws.
I-Ishche yenye enxulumene ne-roove ye-creaudinal groove inqaku elibalulekileyo apho kufuneka ihlawulwe. Ububanzi be-Groove bubukhulu bodonga kwindawo emxinwa. Kuphezu kwe-Groove ebanzi, udonga olushushu kunye nendlu iyonke. Ngokwethiyori, ububanzi obufunekayo beGroove kufuneka bathobele iimeko zemozulu zalo mmandla, kwaye bala, ngokusekwe kubushushu obuphakathi kobusika. Umzekelo, kwi-20c, ubuncinci bobubanzi beGroove kufuneka babe yi-10-12 cm; nge-30c- 12-13cm; kwi-35c- 14-16cm. Ububanzi be-roove ye-cheitudinal, buye bamisela ubungqindilili (ububanzi) bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa akufuneki zidlule kwi-2/3 yobukhulu belog. Ubungakanani bezinto eziphakathi kweziko phakathi kwezithsaba kufuneka zingabi ngaphezu kwe-1mm, kunye nesitya - i-3-5mm. Isikhewu esinjalo kulula ukuvala ukufakwa okubekwe kwiGroove.
Ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze i-groove ukuya kwi-2/3 yelog. Kodwa masijonge ingxaki kwelinye icala. Into ebanzi iGroove ebanzi, kwaye incinci ukukhanya kwesithsaba, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba inani lezithsaba kwi-siruba liya kunyuka. Ukuphakama kwelahleko yomthamo omkhulu weenkuni, uhlawule ntoni- wena. Iingcali ezihlolisise ngathi zinendlela yokwakha enkulu, yasinika eso siluleko: ubusezantsi ububanzi be-groove kwibhendi ephakathi - i-140mm, kwaye akufuneki bube ngaphezulu kwe-1/2 i-debemeter yelog. Ngenxa yoko, ububanzi beelog ezisetyenzisiweyo bufanele bube yi-28-35 cm.
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13-14. Vumelana nje iilogo kwikona "kwimiba" ye-Obloman "inokuba nobude obufanayo nobude (13). Kuyenzeka ukuba uzalise kumgca owenziwe okanye uyilo (14). Lo mbuzo kufuneka ucaciswe kwangaphambili.
I-15-16.erker protrusion kwisicwangciso yenye yezona ndawo zikhanyayo endlwini, kwaye iifestile zibabanzi. Iinguqulelo ezinde ze-Logs ziya kuthintela inxenye yewindows ngaphandle (15) okanye zenze ukuba inciphise ubungakanani bayo (16).
"Kumphetho" okanye "kwi-PAW"?
Iilogo kwikhabhathi yeLog zizaliswe ngokulandelelana ngokwenza imikhombandlela eyahlukileyo yokumelana nendawo ethe tyaba iyonke yemiqolo. Iiyunivesithi zabo ziqhagamshelwe ngeendlela ezimbini: kunye nentsalela ("WOBLO") kwaye ngaphandle kwentsalela ("kwi-PAW"). Ngamnye kubo unezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Xa udanga "emphethweni", malunga ne-0.5 m kwilog nganye ilahlekile ngenxa yentsalela ye-angular. Kodwa i-angle ibukeka intle, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu kuyashushuzela. Ukuba indlu ithe kamva, imiba iya kubangela ubunzima kwindlela eya kwithagethi ekujolise kuyo.
Ukusikwa "kwi-PAW" kukho uqoqosho ngakumbi ngokwendlela yokuhamba kweenkuni, kodwa kufuna umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi ococekileyo. Olu nxibelelwano alufudumele, kwaye ke i-angle ingaphandle, awufuni ukungafuni, kuya kufuneka utye. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba nakho ukwenza le kuphela emva kweminyaka emi-2, xa ilogo yendlu iwela ngokupheleleyo, kungenjalo umngcipheko wokuba xa kuncitshiswa phakathi kwezigonyo.
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17.Qabatha izigongo zoqhagamshelo "kwi-PAW".
18-20. Unxibelelwano lweendonga zangaphakathi zihlala ziqhutywa "kwi-PAW" (18). Sebenzisa i-Wrists ekhethekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqiniseke ukuba iilog zodonga olunye aziyifaki enye (19.20).
Zithini izitya?
Iintlobo zeefom zeendebe ezisetyenzisiweyo xa iqhagamshela iilogo kwikona "kwingingqi", yayiyindawo ebalaseleyo eRussia. Zonke zinengqiqo, kodwa ayizizo zonke ezilula. Olunjani lona ukuba: "Kwinto yokupholisa", "kwi-dir"! Uninzi lwazo zanamhlanje aluzange luve. Abanye abantu abangaqhelekanga, ngelishwa, baphuma bonzakala ngonaphakade. Kodwa ezona iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisetyenziswayo zazihlala zikhuselekile ukuya kuthi ga namhlanje kwaye zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo sisitya esiqhelekileyo nesitya "ngeKuryyuk". EThando, isilinda se-semi sinqunywe kwinye yeelogo, ukuphinda iprofayili yeelogo ezihlanganisiweyo kunye naye. Umphezulu wesisu esiqhelekileyo ugudileyo, kwaye embindini wesitya "kunye ne-kuryyuk" kukho ecaleni kwe-axis ye-spike ("i-kuryyuk"), ebandakanyiweyo kwi-Groove esenziwe kwilog ye-Groove. Isitya "kunye ne-kuryuk" sinengxaki enkulu, kwaye ke iyabiza, kodwa inika amandla anokubakho.
Izitya zinokugawulwa phantsi kwaye zibheke ezantsi. Kwangelo xesha, isitya phantsi, njengokusebenza okuncinci, kuphantse kuphindwe kabini kunesidima ngakumbi kunelo, kodwa ezantsi. Kodwa kwikomityi yezantsi, amanzi emvula anokuqokelela, kodwa ezantsi kwezantsi ayizukwalela nje, ngoko ke loo nto iya kuphila ixesha elide.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-Corks "nge-kuryyuk" (zenziwa kuphela ezantsi) xa i-logs ixhunyiwe kwi-engins elungileyo, bathi, babiza kakhulu . Ewe, kwaye ayidingi ingqolowa enqabileyo enjalo kwikona ethe ngqo yecawa. I-AVT kwi-Arched Esoloyiki lichaza igama elithi le gama libalulekile, ukusukela ngoko nangokolwazi ngokubanzi, kuphela kwendlela yokunika le posihedron (ijometri kunye nokuhamba kwawo okuphezulu kuyacaciswa).
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21-23. Uhlobo lwe-Classic: Isitya sexesha elizayo sibekwe ngoncedo lwe "mpawu", emva koko ihonjiswe nge-AX (21), imilo yokugqibela inikezwe ngokusebenzisa i-TESL (22.23).
I-24 i-propyl yolingano-mali kufuneka isuse uxinzelelo kwizimbo zomntu ophuma ngexesha lomile, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuthintela imifuno emininzi.
I-propyl yembuyekezo
Kuba kukho iilogs ezikhoyo ezinomswakama wendalo wokuvelisa i-log yelogo enkuni njengoko i-voltage yonyuka njengomomo. Isiphumo ihlala iqhekeza i-fibers, kwaye imifula iphakama kumphezulu welog. Ukunciphisa ukubakho kweyona nto iphambili yexabiso le-rocks yelog yelog, abavelisi abaninzi banikezelwa ukuba bacwangcise ecaleni kwe-5-7cm (efana ne-propyl, yenziwe kumzi-mveliso Iilogo). Yenze, isebenzise i-chaain, kwaye ukuze ingafikeleli esiphelweni sezinto ezikukhululekileyo kwaye ayibonakali ngaphandle (ukusuka phezulu, yaligubungela ilogo elandelayo kwi-SUB).
Mayitshitshwe ukuba izimvo zabahlohli ziphendule ngathi ngokubhekisele ekuphunyezweni kokumiliselwa kwe-propyl eyahluliweyo: bona bodwa, abanye, ngokwemfundiso. Ngubani olungisa, musani ukugweba. Kananjalo, siya kucebisa into enye: Ukuba usagqiba kwelokuba wenze i-roove ye-roove esezantsi kwe-gonsaws nge-chansaws, ukusuka ekutyeni kwembuyekezo ngaphezulu kufuneka ichaphazeleke. I-hub ezimbini kwilogo enye, ndikholelwe, kunjalo: ilog xa womisa gca kwisiqingatha.
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Iintlobo zokudibanisa isitya: i-Special For up (25); Ezantsi ezantsi (26); Isitya "kunye ne-kuryyuk" kwi-computer eqhelekileyo (27); I-Kosya Botl "nge-kuryyuk" kwizithombe (28).
Ukuqhutywa nini uqhankqalazo?
Xa uyilo lwangaphakathi kumakhaya akhiwe kwi-bar okanye kwi-boiless, ubunzima akukho lula ukusasaza okanye ukuvusa ifanitshala ehambelana. I-AVT ukuba iindonga zingena, iingxaki ngempahla yezibonelelo ziyavela rhoqo.
Isisombululo kulo dade wethu sikwi-Xviv, siqala ukuqhawula iindonga ngaphakathi. Kodwa umphathi oqokelelwe kwinkqubo yelog enye yelog lixesha lokuthatha ixesha kwaye ke kuyabiza kakhulu. Iingcali ziyacetyiswa ukuba zichaze imfuneko yalo msebenzi xa uyila, kwaye emva koko iya kwenziwa kwinqanaba leNdibano yeGRAM.
Yenzeka njalo. Ngokukhawuleza xa i-log kunye ne-Louitudinal ye-roove ye-roove ye-roove kunye ne-uqhagamshelo ifakwe kwikhabhathi yelog, umchweli uvelisa imilinganiselo eyimfuneko yobunzima, kwaye emva koko i-chainsaw yenza le nqwelomoya . Ulondolozo oluqinisekisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nodonga lokuqhankqalaza lumalunga nee-ruble ezingama-200. kwi-1m2.
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29-30. Itekhnoloji yale mihla yemveliso i-angcular yahlukile kwiClassical: ihlonitshwe kwangaphambili isitya sisebenzisa i-chainsaw (29), kwaye ke ekugqibeleni ilungisiwe ngoncedo lwe-ax kunye ne-TESLA (30).
31-32. Sebenza kwindalo yelogo yelogo, apho kungekho rane yokunyusa, iyaqhubeka de ukuphakama kwekheji ayifikeleli ukukhula kwabantu (31). Emva koko abachweli baqala ukuhlanganisa i-cage elandelayo. Indlu yelogi epheleleyo iya kuhlanganiswa kuphela kwindawo yomniniyo. Ukuba i-crane yokuphakamisa ikho, azikho iingxaki ezinjalo (32).
Njani kwaye njani i-antiseptition?
Inqanaba elinyanzelekileyo nelona libaluleke kakhulu lokungena-olu li-antivepeptition yelog. Iingcali zithi sele zisemva kwemizuzu engama-20 emva kokutshaya komthi, ifunga ivela kwimitha yayo, kwaye iimbambano zayo, kwaye iimbambano zayo zihlala phezu komphezulu ,.P. Bawela kwiqonga lemveliso. Ihlala injalo, ukuba awuzifanisi, yithi, ukuvuthuza okuthe tye, yonke "isifo sezifo" kuya kuchuma kumphezulu we-wity bhanyabana. Ke ngoko, ilog kwimveliso yemveliso kufuneka inyanzelwe, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesinye. Iingcali zokuqala ze-antiteptition ziyacetyiswa ukuba zizilolonge ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isuswe kwiilogos (kufuneka zenziwe kwiindawo zemveliso, kuba kudala phakathi kokusebenza kweHam nokungena kwindibano). Ukuqhubekeka okuphindaphindiweyo kwelog nganye apho i-grooves kunye neesitya zokudibanisa zinqunyulwe xa ifakwe kwikhabhathi yelogi.
Emva kwexesha, xa iilogo zelog ziya kuthuthwa kwindawo yomniniyo, xa ihlanganisa ukuba iyimfuneko ukugqibezela i-antivepeptition yesithathu.
"Monolith" | 
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33-36. Ubusuku obuvela kwilog ejikelezileyo njengabo bonke, ngaphandle koko, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubeke ifanitshala kufutshane nabo. Ke ngoko, abaninzi bakhetha ukuqhawula iindonga ngaphakathi. Kodwa ngelishwa, khumbula ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe xa indlu sele yakhiwe. I-Azry! Kuyenzeka ukuba unike iindonga ezindongeni kwinqanaba lokusika, usebenzisa i-chainsaws eqhelekileyo kunendlela yokuvavanya sele iqokelelwe.
Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ungayihoyi le cebiso? Umbhali wale migca wayelixesha nje elinye ithuba lokutyelela indawo yokwakha, apho indlu yayidibeneyo, iingodo ezingazange ziphathwe nge-antiseptic. Nokuba ngemozulu, le ndlu "ngokuzalwa" yayingeyothamsanqa, nokuba abachweli baphumile, kuphela umompenti bagqithile kuma-70%. Iilog kwi-siruba yayiyimibala yonke, ngaphandle kwendalo: ngwevu, emnyama, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye iluhlaza kwaye luhlaza. U-Isaoy osoyikayo-ukusuka phantsi kwe-fuoudinal ye-rooves ye-interlates enamanzi evuselela kunye nefutus. Ngokubanzi, ifilimu yokwakha. Ewe, la magorha azama kamva abanini beNdlu ukuze bamsindise, bafanelwe ibali elinenkcukacha. Lo mzabalazo wezeMpilo yeNtlalo ihlala iminyaka eyi-1.5, kwaye isiphelo asibonakali.
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Ikhreyithi enye okanye ininzi?
Abachwephesha baseRussia ababengenazixhobo zokuphakamisa ezinzima zakhiwa ziikhabhathi zelogi (ngokuchanekileyo, nganye yazo yayikukuphakanyiswa kwabantu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba kukungena kwi-Shoct nge-shyck, kwaye iqulethe into yokuba nge-telf egqityiweyo, isithsaba esisentla siyasuswa kwaye sikhutshiwe sisezantsi kwi-backups. Kule nto, yenza ikhreyithi entsha. Ukongeza kuphakathi kwendlu, ukusebenza komsi ngamanye amaxesha kuziphindephinda izihlandlo ezininzi, kodwa iinkosi ezivelisa wonke umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwecawa emi emhlabeni. Ngokwenyani i-Tilt ilungele, baxolelwe kwaye bathuthwe ukuya kwindawo yomniniyo, apho baqokelelwa kwisiseko sendlu enye yelog.
Ukuhamba komsi kwaye namhlanje usebenzisa iinkampani ezininzi, kodwa ayingabo bonke. Iinkqubo zemveliso zefemu ezinkulu zihlala zixhotyiswe ngeekhreyithi ezinamandla, kwaye indlu yelog iqokelelwa kwasekuqaleni kwisithsaba sokugqibela kwindawo enye.
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42-43. Ifakiwe kuloo ndawo kwaye i-Logic estikhi ye-antiseptic iqhotyoshelwe kwisithsaba esiyintloko sineebhulukhwe ezinamaplanga kuphela kwizitya zokudibanisa.
44-45. Grebks, ukubumba, abamnyama abavela enkuni ngenxa yokugcinwa okungafanelekanga okanye ukuhambisa, kufuneka batshatyalaliswe besebenzisa ibhloko yeenkuni. Ezi foto zenziwa ngethuba le-5min kuphela.
Sikuxelele njani ngale nto? Iindlela nganye nganye ineembaleki zayo. Kukho ithuba lokuba xa loo nto imangalisayo ayinamajoni anamava kakhulu, ayintsomi ngokupheleleyo ukuba isuswe kwikhreyithi yesithsaba, kwaye ke iingxaki zinokuvela xa uhlanganisa ilogo. Indlela yokulwahlulwa, ngokweengcali, enye: Ngubani onqunyulwe indlu yelogi, kufuneka ayiqokelele kwindawo yomniniyo (odale ingxaki, kufuneka enze isigqibo malunga.
Amatye ayo aphantsi kwamanzi nakwindlela yokwenza i-crane. La ngamahlathi ayimfuneko kubachweli basebenze ukuphakama. Iindleko zabo, nokuba ngokuyinxenye, ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kongezwa kwixabiso lecawe. Ngamanye amagama, hlawula.
Ukucingisisa iingxaki ezisemgangathweni kwisivumelwano esigqityiweyo
Kuphela ziimfuno ezibonelelwe ngabo ziphakame kakhulu kangangokuba kukho iifemu ezithile ezinokwenziwa. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba zonke iinkampani zokwakha zisebenze ngaphandle kokuqonda imilinganiselo nemithetho. Ngamnye wabo unyanzelekile ukuba abe noxwebhu lwangaphakathi njenge "meko zobugcisa" (i-TU), nakwikhontrakthi kunye nawe, olu xwebhu kufuneka lubhenele. Igunyazisiwe ngaphambi kokuba usayine ikhontrakthi, kufuneka ufunde ngononophelo umxholo welo, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka uthathe i-Guard ndlu ngesiseko seemfuno ezibekiweyo kuzo. I-Jicky References kwi-Gorts kunye neSnativa kwimeko yokungavisisani ayizukukunceda, kuphela imigangatho echazwe kwimvumelwano ixhomekeke ekuthotyelweni. Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho into engakulungelanga into, unokufuna ukuphononongwa kwabo okanye intshayelelo kwimvumelwano yeemeko ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, unelungelo lokubeka imfuneko kuyo ukuze umgangatho weenkuni ubhala ngaye, kodwa ezona ndawo zikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Kodwa ... Kwangelo xesha, kunyanzelekile ukuba kulungiselelwe into yokuba uMdlali we-Persormera uza kwazisa ukukhetha iinkuni ezingqongqo ngakumbi, kwaye ke, indleko zokugqibela zokucheba ziya kukhula, kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaba kufanelekile, njengoko besitsho, igusha inyuliwe- kukusombulula.
Vnylav kukelev, UMlawuli weNkampani "Monolith",
USergey Zelensky, UMlawuli weNkampani "ubungcali obuzimeleyo benqanaba lokwakha"
Njani kwaye njani iveranda kunye / okanye i-veranda?
Kucacile ukuba iveranda entle kunye / okanye iveranda, eyenziwe ngesitayile esifanayo nendlu, yenza ukuba sonke isakhiwo sibukeke ngakumbi. Kodwa ngelishwa, iindawo zokuyila azikaziqhelisela ukulila ezi zinto, ezinjenge-balcon, ukuzibeka kwimicimbi yelogd ye-Elonngit. Ewe kunjalo, kucacile ukuba: "Ukubopha" kweVeranda okanye iveranda ukuya kwi-faeli yendlu esele yakhiwe yingxaki yokungazithembi akunjalo.
Izihloko ze-Amezhdu Izihloko zembali ye-Woodnical Syper ibonisa ukuba i-Woodning Springs: Iveranda kwaye iveranda ingcono ukuyila kwangaphambili ukuze isakhelo sabo senza inani ledonga kunye ne-overlap yendlu yelogo. Igunyazisiwe, isakhelo eso senziwe ngezinto ezifanayo njengoko iindonga - ukusuka kwilogi. Iskimu esinjalo sibandakanya ukuqhekeza okuthe tyaba okuthe tyaba kwindawo enye, ezimbini, ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu, ezithwala umjikelo kwicandelo le-rack. Ezi racks ngaphezulu zilungisiwe ngokutshutshiswa okuphezulu zibe kwisithsaba esinye okanye ngaphezulu njengenkxaso yophahla. Ucingo olusezantsi (parapet) lunokuqina okanye lwenziwe ngokuqina okanye ukuchaneka kwelayili.
Imangalisiwe? Nje ngokungenamsebenzi! Esi sikimu esiqwalaselweyo ayisiyo isiqhamo sokungalingani i-fantasy yoyilo lwangoku. Icacisiwe kwimisebenzi yesiFundo le-Russian Academy yoyilo A. Polyoovnikov, ngegama lento leyo eyiyo uyilo lwe-Russia yamandulo, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezithethe zakhe.
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I-46-47. Indlu eqholiweyo yale mihla ihlala yenzelwe ngeebhalconies. Kubo, izinto ezibonakalayo zibonelela ngemicimbi yelog eyamkelweyo eguqukayo kwi-Beamer Aunts. I-Balcony ifunyenwe ngokuqinileyo "iboshwe" kwisakhiwo esisika (46). I-AVT yakha ngale ndlela iVeranda isenqabile (47).
48. Ukuxutywa kwengubo yelogo kuya kuba yinto yangaphakathi.
I-49.Created, "iqhotyoshelwe" ukukhutshwa kwelog yelog yelog, ayiyi kuba "yi" ikhupha "kuye nokuba ixhomekeke kwikholamu engahambelani nesiseko seNdlu.
Luyintoni uyilo lwezinto ezigqithileyo?
I-Perlaps edityanisiweyo kwindlu echetyiweyo zihlala zenziwe ngemiqadi yomthi, iwafaka kwii-rooves ezisikiweyo ezindongeni. Icandelo leBeam limisiwe, ngokusekelwe kububanzi bexesha lokugqithisa, umgama phakathi kwemiqadi (yona, ihambelana nobunzima beebhodi ezizezimali), indawo ebaliweyo kwi-1m2.
Ububanzi obugqibeleleyo bokuhamba ngokugqithiswa kwe-Woodn Beam Blaam yi-3-4m. Ngeendawo ezibanzi, imiqadi yonyuso lwecandelo okanye isebenzise iilog endaweni yoko, ezifakwe kumanyathelo aliqela okanye amaqela ahleweyo. Le uyilo lubizwa ngokuba yi-cross-beam. Xa isixhobo esisilitye senkqubo efanayo, umqolo ongezantsi wezinto zelogo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezimbini) zihlala zibonakala ngaphakathi, kufuneka zikhunjulwe, kufuneka zikhunjulwe ukucwangciswa kwendlu noyilo lwendawo kunye noyilo lwendawo kunye noyilo lwendawo. Ukuphucula ukubonakala koyilo, obu buchule basetyenziswa: Ukubekwa kwenziwe ukuba imiqadi yesibini ibekwe phakathi kweyona ndlela iphambili, isilingi sefom yecala ikwisiciko. Ukubulawa kokugqobhoza okunjalo kuya kukhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu okunqunyulwa, kodwa emva koko kwadalwa ngenxalenye yayo kuya kuba yinto yangaphakathi.
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50-53. Zimbini iintloko eziphambili zokwakha kunye nezikim zoyilo lokwakhiwa komgangatho wesibini. I-CARCASS yokuqala (50), yinkosi, ijika ibuyele kwibala lemihla eliphantsi (51). Isampulu yesibini (evele): Iifreyini ziqokelelwa kwiilogo ezifanayo njengeendonga (52), kwaye ziqokelele kwizigqibo ezinamandla (53).
I-Frontonones: ikhuselekile okanye iphantsi?
Iindleko zendlu ezinqabileyo zendlu ngaphandle kwe-attic-iphucula imbonakalo yesakhiwo, imnika ukuphelela. Amafutha kunye neendonga zomgangatho we-attic zinokwakhiwa ngeendlela ezimbini: uqokelela kwiilogo ezifanayo njengeendonga zomgangatho wokuqala (obizwa ngokuba yi-Samptic Frontones), okanye uyilo lwefreyikhe.
Uyilo lwe-Samtant luhlala lubiza kakhulu nge-10-30%. Ukongeza, masithi, sithi, ngokuziphatha okungakumbi okuziphethe kakuhle kunye nokuncipha ekhaya kwaye, ke, kufuna ubudlelwane bobukrelekrele, ngakumbi kwithuba lokuqala lokusebenza. Amafutha kunye neendonga zangaphakathi akufuphi apha aphazi ngaphezu kwe-Over, kwaye ngaphezulu eludongeni, kokukhona mkhulu. Ukuba usebenzisa i-rafters ye-geneve (eyile, uyilo luhlala lusetyenziswa khona, alufuni ukubona ukuqinisa elinamandla kwi-Inter engaphakathi), esekwe kwisiphelo esinye kwi-log kwiindonga zelogo, kunye ne-skate yesibini Iindonga kunye ne-skic, phantsi i-attic inokuqalisa ukuwa.
Imithetho yejometri iya kusebenza: Xa esinye se-rameter "umlenze" u-sking kunye ne-skate ephumle kwi-frontoths, owesibini ubeka phambili ukuya esitratweni (ubude bendawo yokuhlala ayitshintshi) kwaye atsala i Ngena ngelogo ephezulu. Kwangelo xesha, imiqadi yokugqobhoza, 'ibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo "kwiindonga zangaphakathi, inokuqalisa ukuphuma kuzo iindonga zangaphandle, kwaye ngenxa yoko, indawo yokugquma inokuwa nje. Amanye amanqam anakho ukuba: imiqadi yeRafter iya kuhlukana nodonga okanye ibha yekati, kwaye uphahla luya kuqalisa ukophula. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izinto ezishukumisayo zombini xa uqhagamshela iirawter omnye komnye kwisitokhwe nakwiindawo zenkxaso yazo ezindongeni. Kwaye okufanayo, chaza inkqubo yokufuduka kwendlu iyonke.
Ulwakhiwo lwesakhelo ukusuka kwiilogo ezifanayo akuyi kunciphisa kuphela iindleko zokwakha, kodwa ukhulule ngokupheleleyo kwiingxaki ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, kuba azivezwanga kukuntywila.
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I-54-56. Xa indlu yelogi ihlanganisene ngokupheleleyo, kwaye emva koko abachweli baqalise ngokungxamisekileyo. Iveliswa ngesandla (54), kwangaxeshanye iqhekeza, iqhagamshela izithsaba kwizitya, ukukhwela (55) - iintsalela zawo ziya kuvuswa xa i-GoLog House ihlanganisiwe kwindawo yomniniyo. Iilogo zabekwa kwisitaki kwaye zilungiselela ukuthunyelwa (56).
Njani kwaye njani?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, umniniyo kuqala ubona indlu yelogi sele kwindawo. Yinyani, uhlanganisene. Kodwa apha, ngelishwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge kude kuzo zonke iimfuno zabo sicebise ngazo kwimvumelwano xa ithe yachukunyiswa. Kuyenzeka ukukhangela ukuba i-gork isuswe njani kunendlela ye-rooces kunye nendlela ezenziwe ngayo amaqhekeza nezitya zenziwe, ukuba kukho i-propyl yembuyekezo, akukho mnyama kwiilogo. Ukulinganisa ukufuma kweenkuni. Kwaye konke konke. Ukuphela kwakho ungabona kuphela emva kokuba i-Gog House iqokelelwe.Yenza, ukuba kukho into engakulungelanga kumlilo ogqityiweyo? Ngokunyaniseka, okwangoku kuya kubanakho ukulungisa yonke into. Ke ngoko, iingcali zicebisa: Musa ukuzisola ixesha kwaye ungazifumeze kwaye uye kufunyele ukwamkelwa kwendawo yokusikwa apho, apho yawa khona (ngokunyaniseka ukumema ingcali). Apho uyayibona indlu yelogi egqityiweyo kulo lonke uzuko lwayo, uya kuba nako ukukhangela nayiphi na iparameter yayo.
Ukubala okwandisiweyo kwexabiso le-* yekhabhathi yeLog kwindlu enamacala ayi-140m2
| Izixhobo kunye nomsebenzi | Ivolumu | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukufuya ipine | I-200m3 | I-2000 rubles / m3 | I-400,000 |
| Ukususwa kwe-crust | I-200M2. | I-300rub. / M2 | I-60 000 |
| Ukuqhutywa kweLogs yeLogs rubk | I-200M2. | 45Rrub. / M2 | I-90,000 |
| Ukwenza i-Loging ye-Loging (i-rooves ekhethiweyo, i-Boings | 500m2 | I-1000rrub. / M2 | I-500,000 |
| Ukusebenza kwemoto | 30 Shift | 4000rub. ukutshintsha | I-120,000 |
| Iyonke | I-1 170,000 | ||
| Ukulinganisa i-log kunye nezothutho kwindawo yomthengi | I-150m3 | I-25 000 ruby. Yemoto (iimoto ezi-5) | I-125,000 |
| Ukukhuphela kunye neNdibano | I-150m3 | I-3000rub. / M3 | I-450,000 |
| Izinto ezinokuthethwa | seta | - | I-50 000 |
| Iinkuni | 5m3 | I-6000rub. / M3 | I-30,000 |
| I-Beams egxekayo | I-6m3 | I-7000rub. / M3 | I-42,000 |
| Umsebenzi weTrackra | I-15 Shift | I-8000 ye-SURT. ukutshintsha | I-120,000 |
| Iyonke | I-817,000 | ||
| * Ukubala kwenziwa ngaphandle kwe-accounting yokusebenza ngaphezulu, kunye neefemu zenzuzo. |
IBhodi yokuHlela ibulela inkampani "Vladimirsstreiz", "I-Monolirstreiz", "Monolith", "Uyilo loLwengeMantla", "uviwo oluzimeleyo lomgangatho wophuhliso" ukuze ufumane uncedo kwimpahla.