Utyalomali olufanelekileyo nolondolozekileyo lwemali: Iingcebiso xa ukhetha uhlobo lwedipozithi, iindidi zedipozithi, ukhetho "lotyalo-mali oluxabisekileyo
Ngamnye wethu, njengommiselo, i-PROPTORE IMALI-KWIINGXAKI ZOKWENZA, IZIPHUMO ZABADALA NABANYE NEZAKHONO ZEXESHA ELIQHELEKILEYO. Kuvunyelwe usuku oluhle lokuqonda ukuba ibhanki yebhanki yasekhaya igqitywe kwaye kuya kuba yimfuneko ukucinga ngokukhetha ibhanki apho imali yakho iya kukhuseleka khona ngokupheleleyo. I-OT, indlela yokukhetha ibhanki eya kuguqula igalelo lakho kubuncwane, siya kuthetha namhlanje.
Ngakumbi kwi-IXV. Ukubamba imali ekhaya kuyekiwe. Kwakunjalo eYurophu ekutshintsheni abanduleli beebhanki zale mihla, ii-valtus zokuqala ezixabisekileyo zavela. Ukuhamba kwexesha, iibhanki azizange zifundile kuphela ukugcina iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye neempawu zemali, kodwa zikwafundiswe ", zimalinge", zityala imali ekukhathazayo yeBhanki.
Ithini igalelo?
Ibhanki inegalelo ekusombululeni imisebenzi emibini eyiphambili: Kwelinye icala, ukonga imali, kwelinye, ukubakhulisa. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngaphambi kokuba aqhakamshele ibhanki, enze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi i-Deposits idipozithi - indawo yokugcina izinto (yokugcina) okanye ukunyusa imali) -unomdla okwangoku. Ukugcina imali, imfuno ifanelekile (idipozithi), kwaye abo bafuna ukufumana ukwanda kwinani lotyalo-mali emva kwethuba, kufuneka enze uphando kwicandelo leedipozithi zekota.
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo, yeyiphi injongo oya kuyifumana, unokuqalisa ukhetho lwayo. Ukwenza oku, siya kufuna iimpawu eziphambili zeediphozithi eziya kukuvumela ukuba uthelekise i-PATAT:
Ikota (ukuba unomdla kwigalelo elingxamisekileyo): Okwangoku, iibhanki zibonelela ngeedipozithi nge-3, 6, 9, 12, iinyanga ezingama-24. Rhoqo, iibhanki zinciphisa ixesha lokugcina, ezithetha neenkqubo ezizodwa (umzekelo, igalelo elisemva kweminyaka eli-NYAMBI);
Idipozithi yedipozithi: Ithiyori, igalelo lingavulwa nangayiphi na imali, kodwa ngokuziqhelanisa neebhanki ezininzi zinike abathengi abanegalelo kwi-ruble, iidola okanye i-eurors. Iibhanki ezikhutshelweyo zibonelela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba zibizelwe iidipozithi ezininzi-unokwenza iidipozithi kuzo zontathu ezi zikhankanya, nakwikhontrakthi, zidibanisa ukudluliselwa kwemali;
Inzuzo, okanye inqanaba lenzala kwidipozithi: Olu lubukhulu bomvuzo ofunyanwa ngurhulumente. Ngokwemithetho ngokubanzi, izinga lenzala libalwa ngegalelo elikwiinyanga ezili-12 (ke ngoko, kwiimpawu zegalelo, uya kufunda ukuba ingeniso yalo iyakuba ngaphezulu kwepesenti ngonyaka ngamnye;
Indlela yokuhlawula: inzala kwidiphozithi inokuhlawuliswa ekupheleni kwexesha lediphozithi okanye kunye nexesha elithile kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha lediphozithi. Kwimeko yesibini, imali yepesenti ye-pesenti inokusebenza (ukongeza kwinani eliyintloko lomnikelo), kwaye umdla kwixesha elizayo uya kuhlawuliswa imali enkulu. Olunye ukhetho lunokwenzeka: Inzala inokuguqulelwa kwiakhawunti yakho yebhanki (apho, iphinde ingene kwikhadi lebhanki okanye igcinwe kwimigaqo yediphozithi;
Amathuba okukhetha kwangoko: Ngokwesiqhelo, iimeko zezithuba zokuqala ziya kubandakanya ilahleko yempahla ye-Ofisi: okanye ipesenti yepesenti ye-andrical ayihlawuliswa, okanye isohlwayo sinikezelwa ekususweni kwemali kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iibhanki zokutsala abathengi banika iimeko ezifanelekileyo. Ewe kunjalo, ngekhe kwenzeke ukuba ipesenti yedipozithi yedipozithi ibanjiwe kwangoko, kodwa imali inokuboniswa kwimvumelwano eyahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwi-akhawunti leyo;
Imisebenzi enokwenziwa kunye igalelo: Ezinye iibhanki ukulungiselela ithuba lokusebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo inxalenye yemali kubekwa phezu idipozithi, ngaphandle kokuba intsalela imali kwi-akhawunti engaphezulu inqanaba esekwe kwisivumelwano. Kule meko, inzala ihlawuliswa yonke imihla, ekuvumela ukuba uphendule ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho kwidiphozithi. Ukuba wena, ukwaphula imiqathango yemvumelwano yegalelo, ukunciphisa ibhalansi engaphawulwanga, iBhanki iya kuphinda iphinde inza inzala ngexesha elincitshisiweyo (uninzi, kwisicelo sediphozithi yediphodi).
Inkqubo yediphozithi yediphozithi
Kumele kutshiwo ukuba uMbuso ukhusela iidipozithi zangoku ngaphandle kokuvumela amandla okutsala umdla we-Devietor. Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala kulo mbandela yayiyinkqubo yeinshurensi yedipozithi. Ngokubanzi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile ilandelayo: ibhanki, ukufumana ilayisensi, ingena kwiNkqubo ye-Inshurensi ye-Inshurensi emanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ibhanki nganye idala iNgxowa-mali yogcino, iimali ezaziya kuhlawula abantu umntu ngamnye kubo bonke imirhumo yabo kumsitho othi i-bank ibhanki. Ubungakanani benxalenye ye-inshurensi yegalelo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Namhlanje, ukuba i-Bhanki iyahamba, umtyali-mali aqinisekisa ukuba afumane inxenye yediphozithi yediphozithi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400 ye-400 i-400 i-400 i-ruble, kwaye ibuyise ukuphumla kuya kufuneka ukuba abe ngukumkani. Kungenxa yoko le nto abantu abahlalutyi bebhanki, ucebisa ukuba babelane ngegalelo elikhulu kwizindlu ezahlukeneyo, sokomisa imeko yediphozithi kwilahleko yemali kwibhanki yemali kwibhanki yemali.
Sikhangela umnikelo
Kukho imigaqo eliqela elula eya kukunceda ukuba uqonde uhlobo lwedipozithi. Okokuqala, musa ukukhetha "iimali" zangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, iphawundi yesiNgesi libiza kakhulu kunedola, kwaye uzinzo lumangalisa. Kodwa kakhulu kuya kufuneka uyokuguqulela imali yakho "enye" kwimali yemveli, iidola okanye i-euro. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuphulukana nezixa ezibalulekileyo kutshintshiselwano. Ngokutsho kweengcali zebhanki, ukufumana igalelo kuyo nayiphi na enye imali ngaphandle kwemali, iidola okanye i-euro kuphela ukuba ukhangelo kakuhle imeko yokuthengisa i-piggy, kwaye kufanelekile ukuba le indleko Imali iyadingeka (umzekelo ukuqokelelelela imali ukufundisa umntwana kwenye yeeyunivesithi zangaphandle ngegalelo.Okwesibini, kuba kunokuba yimfuneko ukutshintsha ubudlelwane phakathi kwemali yedipozithi yezihloko ezininzi okanye ukuvala igalelo kunye nokuguqula imali kunye nokuguqula ngokupheleleyo imali, cinga ngokuba ufuna le galelo. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba ucacisa ukuba ulawula khona igalelo elininzi (umzekelo, ngenkqubo ye-Intanethi yolondolozo olude). Kwicala elinye, unokuvula iminikelo emininzi kwiimali ezahlukeneyo. Xa kuvulwa idiphozithi ye-Multicrency, kwakhona ifumanisa ukuba ikhosi iguqulwa njani ibe yindlela yenye yezixhobo zale diphozithi nokuba ibhanki ithatha ikhomishini kulo msebenzi. Gcina engqondweni: Ezinye iibhanki njengenye yeemeko zokuvula igalelo lezininzi zabelwa kwi-akhawunti yediphozithi xa iguqula imali kwenye.
Okwesithathu, ingqalelo yakho kufuneka itsalele inzala kwidipozithi. Ukuba uphakame kakhulu, unokubonisa ukuba ibhanki izama ukulungisa imeko yakhe yezemali, ekutsaleni imali yabathengi kwiIposelo. Isiphumo sinokukhulisa imeko apho ulahlekelwe yinto engaphezulu kokufumana.
Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba ihambelana nekhowudi ye-Russian Federation, iBhanki inelungelo lokutshintsha isixa sexabiso lenzala, kubandakanya ukwehla (kwimeko yotshintsho kwireyithi yedipozithi, i Ibhanki kufuneka yazise iidiphozisi, kwaye ngencwadi ebhaliweyo). I-AVT Inqanaba lepesenti kwiBhanki yeGalelo elingxamisekileyo alinalungelo lokunciphisa ukungazithembi. Funda ngononophelo isivumelwano sediphozithi: Ukuba ibhanki icinge ukuba inqanaba lingancitshiswa okanye linyuke, uphawu lokufakwa koku kufana nombhalo wesivumelwano.
Okwesine, gqiba kwelokuba uza kuwuphinda ugcwalise igalelo lakho. Ukuba ubalulekile ukuba usebenze kwakhona imali, ukhetho lwakho ngumnikelo onabantu abaninzi. Uninzi lweebhanki zimisela ubuncinci benani lokugcwaliswa kwakhona (ngokufuthi i-1 lamawaka i-ruble yegalelo le-Ruble). Ukwenza lula ubomi besibethi, iibhanki ezininzi zinikezelwe ukusebenzisa i-ATM kunye ne "Cash-kwi-Cash" (i-Cash). Ke ngoko, ukubuza abasebenzi bebhanki malunga neemeko zedipozithi, ungalibali ukufunda nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ugcwalise igalelo nge-ATM.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba inqanaba leedipozithi ezivunyiweyo ziya kuba ngaphantsi kwezo zingenakunika ithuba lokugcwalisa kwakhona. Iibhanki zihlala zibeka i-bid eyahlukileyo kwiimali ezongezelelweyo ezibonakalayo ngokuxhomekeke kweliphi ixesha ngaphambi kokuphela kwexesha lokugcina kwenziwa igalelo elongezelelweyo. Eyona nto ininzi kukuba kufuneka wazi malunga negalelo elibuyiselweyo: kwiibhanki ezininzi, ngegalelo elivunyiweyo, imali eyongezelelweyo iyekile ukuba ifakwe kwigalelo ekupheleni kwexesha legalelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-akhawunti yedipozithi iya kuhlulwa ngokwasemthethweni ibe ngamacandelo amabini okugcwaliswa kwakhona kuya kuhlala kwiakhawunti, kodwa ayizukugungqa kwimali yedipozithi. Ukuba usandisa igalelo, kuya kufuneka unike ibhanki ekudluliseleni le mali kwiakhawunti yedipozithi.
Igalelo njengendawo yokugcina izinto
Unokufuna ukusebenzisa igalelo njengebhanki yehagu, ukhuselwe kwi-whimstous yakho engalindelekanga (emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuze uthenge olunye uhlaziyo, kuya kufuneka uye ebhankini; ngaphezulu, abo basamkelayo ukuthenga okuzayo , akunakulindeleka ukuba uyeke, kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kuba nako ukwenza isigqibo ngeminqweno yakho) kunye nezisongelo zangaphandle ezingayi kuba nako ukufikelela kwigalelo lakho. Ukugcina imali, imfuno ilungele iimfuno, okanye idipozithi (eneneni idipozithi "kwaye" igalelo "lisetyenziswa njengokulingana, kodwa idipozithi ibonakalisiwe yidipozithi). Ukuba uvula idipozithi, ibhanki ikubonelela ngeenkonzo zokugcina imali.
Siza kwenza uhambo oluncinci kwimbali: Ekuqaleni kobukho beSoviet State, iibhanki zibonelela ngeendlela zokuphila. Kwimeko yokuqala, umthengi wanikwa ibhanki ye-piggy, evaliwe kwisitshixo, esadluliselwa kumqeshwa weziko letyala. Igama lomthengi elibonakalayo lafika ebhankini, lahlawula iinkonzo zerente zokurenta i-piggy Bank kwaye igcina isitshixo kwaye ivule i-piggy bhanki. Inketho yesibini yedipozithi yayinzima kakhulu. Umthengi ufumana iphepha ngelebheli ekhethekileyo, ekufuneka ehamba kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo (amagama ayi-1 kopecks). Xa ii-randi zatyelelwa ngu-1RUB. Umthengi uye ebhankini, apho, edlula iphepha kunye neempawu, efumene i-1RUB. Idiphozithi kunye ne-2 kopecks. pesenti.
Kuya kuthiwa isivuno seedipozithi-i-piggyback iphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-1-2% ngonyaka. Indlela, iminikelo enjalo yeyona inokuthenjwa kwaye idume kakhulu kumhlali ngamnye kwilizwe lethu. Rhoqo, le minikelo yathunyelwa ngohlobo lweencwadi zokonga (imigaqo yokujikeleza kunye nawo uninzi lwabafundi bethu bazi kakuhle). Namhlanje zininzi iintlobo ezinomdla zediphozithi evumela olona gcino idiphozithi ukwanelisa iimfuno zabo. Ke, ukongeza kwidipozithi yokonga, kukho:
Idiphozithi yokuqokelelwa, ehlala 'isebenza "kwisibini ngenkqubo yetyala: kule meko, ibhanki ikunika idiphozithi yokufumana imali yemali mboleko enkulu (umzekelo, kwimali mboleko) ;
Idiphozithi yokuhlaliswa, ngendalo efana neakhawunti yangoku, ikuvumela ukuba utycele kwaye ubeke imali. Eyona nto iphambili kukulandela le meko ilandelayo yemvumelwano: kwiakhawunti yedipozithi kufuneka ihlale ilunge ngakumbi. Inzala kwizinto ezinjalo idla ngokufumana iakhawunti eyahlukileyo;
Idiphozithi eyodwa iyayazi ivela kubafundi bethu abafumana umvuzo hayi e-ofisini emsebenzini, kodwa kwikhadi lemivuzo okanye ebhankini ngeakhawunti yomvuzo. Kule meko, umnikelo womqeshi uzalisa rhoqo ngenyanga, kwaye ipesenti eqhelekileyo yedipozithi ihlawuliswa. Ngakumbi, iminikelo enjalo igcwalisiwe likhadi lebhanki okanye incwadi esongelayo eququzelela ukufikelela kwimali.
Igalelo elixabisekileyo
Intsomi engapheliyo, ngokuthi yegolide kunye neechimbi aziyi kuphume i-turnover, zimiselwe kwangaphambili ukuthandwa kwemali okhulayo kutyalo mali oluxabisekileyo. Ewe, amaxabiso egolide, isilivere, iplatinam, i-Palladium (eyi-Palladium (esuka, ezi zinyithi zinikezelwa ukuthenga iibhanki zaseRussia) zikhule. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukutyala imali kwizinyithi ezixabisekileyo kunokuba yingenelo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zotyalo-mali "ezixabisekileyo". Unokuthenga ubucwebe kwiinyithi ezixabisekileyo, thenga iingqekembe zemali ezinokutsha okanye zotyalo-mali, fumana i-Ingot yeGolide okanye ifumane igalelo "lensimbi yensimbi" yensimbi. Ngokukhawuleza yenza ugcino oluthe ukuthenga ukuba ukuthengwa kobucwebe kunye neengqekembe zemali eziqokelelweyo kwindawo yoxanduva lweebhanki azifakwanga. Inyani yile yokuba ixabiso le-chibelry kunye neengqekembe zemali (zikwabizwa ngokuba "bungqina" ezisemgangathweni) ezixhomekeke kwiindleko zentsimbi exabisekileyo abazenzileyo, kodwa kwixabiso labo okanye elihlanganisiweyo.
Iingqekembe zotyalo-mali, ngokuchasene "noodade wabo" - iingqekembe zengqekembe, ukuba lubabalo olukhethekileyo lungakwazi ukuqhayisa. Nangona kunjalo, zenziwa kwi-stallol exabisekileyo yesampulu ephakamileyo, evumela iingqekembe zotyalo-mali ukuba zisebenze njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokutyala imali. Ungazithenga iingqekembe ezikhoyo ebhankini. Unelungelo lokubanika, ithokheni, qhubeka ekhaya (kule nto ikhethekileyo yeplastiki), kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukuba ithathe isigqibo kwi-bhanki ngaloo mhla xa uthatha isigqibo sokuthengisa ingqekembe.
Inketho elandelayo ithenga ingoti yokulinganisa. Namhlanje, iibhanki zibonelela nge-inucs ezinobunzima obuvela kwi-15g to1kg. Nangona kunjalo, abo baya kwenza ukuba ukufunyanwa kufuneka kulungiselelwe iindleko ezongezelelweyo. Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka uhlawule ukuveliswa kwe-Iyot, kwaye okwesibini, iXabiso elongeziweyo nge-18% (ukusebenza lokuthenga iingoti eziphezulu kuxhomekeke kwi-VAT ngelo nqanaba liphezulu, ngelixa lo mthetho ungasebenzi kwabo bafumana iingqekembe zotyalo-mali). Ukongeza, kufuneka uqonde ukuba awunakukwazi ukugcina i-Iyot yeNdlu. I-TATA inyusa iindleko, kuba uya kufuneka urente kwiseli ekhuselekileyo ebhankini. I-ALSA I-NEUTE ENYE, apho abo bafuna ukuthenga i-Iyot kufuneka bakhunjulwe: Kuyimfuneko ukusigcina ngobunono, kuba wonke umonakalo (ukusuka kwi-inshurensi apho kunoko Ixabiso le-gevel, iguqula i-ingot yotyalo-mali lwemali kwi-bar ye-scrap yentsimbi, nangona ixabisa kakhulu.
Utyalomali kwizinyithi ezixabisekileyo luyayinceda. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ilitye lakho eliphantsi lamanzi: Utyalomali olunjalo kufuneka lwenziwe ixesha elide, kungenjalo luphulukana nalo lonke umtsalane. Ukuguquguquka kwegolide ngexesha lexesha nje elifutshane kunokukuguqula ube ngumgcini-bhatakazi osisityebi, kwaye utshatyalalisiwe. Ke ngoko, ukutyala imali kwizinyithi ezixabisekileyo kuphela ukuba ukulungele ukuchitha imali enkulu kwaye ulinde iminyaka engama-3-5.
Iingcali zeBhanki zinokunikela enye indlela egqibeleleyo kwaye yanamhlanje yokutyala imali kwi-dradomethalla, ivule igalelo elingenamsebenzi kwizinyithi ezixabisekileyo. Oku akuyi kufuna i-ingot yecandelo othengwayo othengayo kuya kubakho kuphela kwindawo ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi, iindleko zemveliso yazo azilindelwanga. I-VAT ihlawula ukungabhatali. Kodwa zonke izinto ezimnandi ze-Ingragum uya kuziva: inzala kwigalelo lakho, eligwetywanga kwi-ruble, iidola okanye ii-GRMs, ukuzisa inzuzo ephindwe kabini - ekukhuleni kwe Ixabiso le-Iyot kunye ne-Pintration yeepesenti zegram.
Ungaba njani negalelo?
Isiteyitimenti ofuna ukufumanisa igalelo lingagcwalisa iBhanki. Ukusebenza ngokuvulwa kwegalelo yenye yezona zilula zediphozithi kunye nomthamo we-gogult, kwaye ngenani lamaxwebhu ayimfuneko ekungeniswe ebhankini. Ukwenza umnikelo, kubuninzi bamatyala, kwanele ukuba noxwebhu oluqinisekisiweyo umntu kunye nawe, kunye nenani lemali onqwenela ukuyibeka kwindawo yokugcina. Kuyinyani, kwezinye iimeko, iibhanki zinokucela amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo. Kungcono ukukhankanya oku kwangaphambili ngokungena kwindawo yeBhanki oyikhethileyo okanye ukuba uthetha nabacebisi beZiko le-bhanki.
Emva koko abaqhubi beebhanki baya kuvula i-akhawunti yedipozithi apho imali yakho iza kugcinwa khona. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ugqibe isivumelwano sedipozithi yebhanki, indlela onokuyifumana kwiwebhusayithi yeBhanki. Sicebisa ukuba ufunde ngesicatshulwa semvumelwano yemvumelwano. Ngokukodwa uphonononga ngenyameko iimeko zokuthathwa kwemali kwangoko kwigalelo.
Yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi? Iakhawunti yedipozithi inokuchithwa ngokobuqu okanye ngommeli, isebenza ngokwesiseko somthetho okanye ngummeli, onokukhutshwa ngophawu. Kukho ithuba elahlukileyo, ukwenza into malunga ne-Devietor, okwangoku ngummeli, kwisicatshulwa sekhontrakthi (uninzi lweemeko zegalelo livunyelwe).
Ukuba ufuna ukuvula igalelo elithi "Bantwana", kufuneka unike amaxwebhu angqina umntwana wakho: ipasipoti yakho, apho ulwazi lwenziwe nguNyana (intombi), okanye iSatifikethi sokuzalwa. Ukongeza, qaphela ukuba yena ngokwakhe ufikelele kwiminyaka eli-14 kwaye wafumana incwadana yokundwendwela inokufumanisa idipozithi. Kuyinyani, iibhanki, njengommiselo, ziseka izithintelo ekusebenziseni igalelo elo. Umzekelo, isivumelwano sinokunciphisa umda wenani lokususwa kwexesha lemali ukusuka kwigalelo lakhe "labantwana" lomnikelo ngokwakhe, okanye qho kwigalelo lomntwana wakho, kufuneka amandla egqwetha kuwe.
Ndinento enye: unelungelo lokwenza igalelo lakho ebhankini. Oku kungenziwa ngokubanzi (ukwenza ukukhankanywa komrhumo wesicatshulwa somthetho) okanye ushiye iodolo yobuso ebhankini, enamandla omongameli.
Ke uyintoni umphumo? Imirhumo isivumela ukuba siququzelele ukuqokelelwa kunye nokugcinwa kweemali, kunokuba sisipho esihle kumatyala acocekileyo okanye siphumelele ngendlela ebekwanayo imali yasimahla okwethutyana. Ireyithi ephezulu kwi-REDITS ngeenyanga ezili-12 kwaye ngaphezulu yi-11-12% ngonyaka, iidipozithi kwimali yangaphandle - 7-9%. Ukujonga ukuba iruble izinzile, iingcali zincome ukufumanisa iidipozithi kwii-ruble. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumtyali mali onokubakho kukuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuqeshwa kwegalelo lexesha elizayo, ukuvavanya amandla alo kwezexeshana (kwaye mhlawumbi kwixesha eliphakathi okanye ixesha elide) kwaye ukhethe imveliso yebhanki efanelekileyo. Umgca weedipozithi ezinikezelwa ziibhanki zaseRussia, kunye namasebe eebhanki zamanye amazwe kwilizwe lethu, uya kunceda i-Devieter nganye ukuba iguqule igalelo layo ngokupheleleyo (kwaye mhlawumbi nolungaxabisekileyo).