Ukwakha uphahla lwe-attic kwindlu ye-pistr glued: Inkqubo ye-raft, uyilo lwekhekhe "le-prepiants", i-fuke ", i-ventilation
Ewe, uphahla olulungileyo luyayihombisa indlu, ngoko ke igama elithi "umntu wesihlanu" wamiselwa emva kwayo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kunye nokuqina kunye nokuqina kukwayona ndlela iphambili yokuvavanya umgangatho wayo, oko kukuthi, amandla okwenza iziqulatho, imisebenzi yobushushu iminyaka emininzi. Ukwenza uphahla oluhle nolomeleleyo oluhlala ixesha elide, kwaye inqaku lethu liza kuxela.
Yazo zonke izikimu ezakhayo zenkqubo yokwakha eyaziwayo, engavumeli nje ukugcina kwinqanaba lokwakha, kodwa nokunciphisa iindleko zekhaya okanye i-cottage, mhlawumbi efikelelekayo kwaye ifumaneka kakhulu ngokwakhiwa komgangatho we-attic . Nguwe onikezela ithuba lokufumana ulwando olukhulu kwindawo eluncedo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko.
Nangona kunjalo, eRussia, ukwakhiwa kwe-attic kukwintsha kwaye, ngokoluvo lwethu, kulawulwa kakubi ngamaxwebhu esakha: Gost, i-Snipi, i-idr. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwezindlu nge-ATTACE, kakhulu kwenziwe, njengoko bekubizwa kwinqanaba le-intuindition (kwaye kuyaziwa ukuba, kwaye ngubani na onayo abavelisi be uphahla. Emva koko iqala "inkathazo". Izinto ezixubeneyo, kunye neengcebiso ezifanelekileyo kwinkampani nganye. Kwaye, kwanabo bangazange babandakanyeke kulwakhiwo lwezinto ezingekaze zibandakanyeke kwi-boom yokwakha ngokuveliswa kwezi zinto. Indlela ye-Dlelettanic ihlala ichuma phantse kuwo onke amabakala, isusela kuyilo nasekuphelisweni ngokufezekiswa kokwaziswa. Iziphumo malunga ne-30% yophahla (izibalo ezoyikisayo!) Kumgangatho we-attic kuya kufuneka wenze kwakhona ubusika bokuqala. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ke, abafundi kunye neendwendwe zejenali Indawo yejenali www.vid.ru uqokelele imibuzo emininzi. Namhlanje siza kusixelela indlela uphahla lwe-otpice kwindlu yelizwe elivela kwi-pronish bar firdish rivaniemi rivaniemi (jonga inqaku elithi "i-Western"). Kwangelo xesha siza kuzama ukuphendula imibuzo yabafundi kwaye sinike iingcebiso ezisebenzayo.
Uphahla lwe-athenium
Ubomi obude bophahla lwe-attic lubonelela ngezinto zawo ngokuchanekileyo. Okokuqala, isakhelo sokuthwala, esifanele ukuba sibe nobuchule "kuyilo" kuyilo lwendlu ngokwalo. Okwesibini, isikhokelo ", kubandakanya isithintelo se-vapor, i-insullise, izithuba ze-ventila yokuphumelela kunye nokufaka amanzi. I-Yves-Okwesithathu, i-capt yekhaphethi uqobo. Ngapha koko, kukho ubudlelwane obuqinileyo phakathi kophahla olukhethwe nguMqeqeshi kunye nesekethe yophahla. Kodwa asiyi kunzima ngokukhawuleza, masihambe ngayo yonke into ngolungelelwano.Isakhelo soMbane
Kwimeko yethu ekuqwalaselweni, ukuze sakhiwe inkqubo ye-raft, imiqadi eyenziwe ngeenkuni ezomileyo (22048mm), eyayingena kwindawo yokwakha igqityiwe nendlu. Mayitshilo ukuba loo mthi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokwenza inkqubo yeRAFT: Lo mthi womiswe kwangaphambili (umthi - i-12-15%), kwaye ke ukuncipha okanye ukungaphuluki okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kuxhomekeke kuyo.
Ukuziqhelanisa nokukhuthazeka kwemisebenzi yokulinganisa kudla ngokusetyenziswa ngamaplanga omswakama wendalo. Kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuba ngokweemfuno ze-Peepov, umbandela oshiyekileyo wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo mazingadluli kwi-18%. Yintoni esongela ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni ezimanzi? Kwenziwe ukusuka kwiindawo ezibalekayo ziya kuqala ukutshintsha ubukhulu bexesha elingaphezulu, kwaye uphahla luya kuba, njengoko iingcali zithi, "Hambani". Indlela yokujongana nayo? Kuyimfuneko ukusongela i-batch yonke yeenkuni kwisitavu esibuthathaka kwaye sikhusela ngokuchasene ne-canopy yemvula, ukumelana neenyanga ezili-1.,5-2. Ngeli xesha, iinkuni ezibetha iinkuni ziya kumisa ukuya kumswakama owafunayo. Ngoko umbuzo omnye obalulekileyo. OKO KUTHANDA UMBUZO OLUFANELEYO OKANYE UMNQOPHISO WOKWENZAYO, Kusekude kufake indawo kuyilo ofuna ukujongana nengoma yokhuselo: Ukuhamba nokukhusela emlilweni. Umsebenzi wokugqibela kufuneka ukuba wenze iinkuni ngobudenge, kwaye ilunge ngakumbi ngezinto ezifanelekileyo. Kukuqhubekeka oku kukhuselwe ezantsi.
Kule meko, ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngamanqaku amabini: kuqala i-antiseptic "i-miikut", emva koko i-antiphoren "diaphos R-50". Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezinokungabhalwanga zisetyenziswe. Kwimarike yaseRussia yanamhlanje kukho inani elikhulu lezinto ezikhuselayo, kubandakanya ukukhusela i-firebio-ivumela ukunciphisa ubunzima bokusebenza. Xa ukhetha, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uninzi lwazo lubonelela ngeenkuni kuphela iqela elisebenza kakuhle lokukhusela. Iqela lokuqala kuphela ziiyunithi, umzekelo, ukwakhiwa kwamanzi "Pheylanks" (NPP "ROGEA"), kunye "ne" sezhnezh tirmitbio "(i-furms-iRisia).
Ngoku malunga nokunamathela kwiindawo ezinobubanzi. Ukuba i-skate ye-skate, imilenze ye-raft ibixhonywe nzima, emva koko zadityaniswa nebha ephezulu ye-log blac (iMauert) ene-roct ye-2mm yentsimbi ye-2mm. I-Hook yafuduka kukuzibamba kwi-timber ye-timber ephezulu (eyenziwe kumzi-mveliso), ubuso bayo bufanayo kwithambeka eluphahleni. Okulandelayo, i-bracket ithe yapheka emva kwe-hook, ifakwe iparallel ukuya kumda wonyawo lweRafter kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kuyo ngokuzithandela. Unxibelelwano olunjalo, lungaphantsi kwazo naphantsi kwazo naphantsi kweemeko, aluyi kunika i-rafter ukuba ikhuphe isithsaba esiphezulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ayiyivumeli ukuba ihambe ngokuhamba kodonga olude. Ewe Ewe! Musa ukumangaliswa! Iindonga eziqokelelwe kwi-timer yamaplanga egxunyekwe naphantsi kwe-shrinkage, kunye ne-Dead kwiNdalo iMinayity (i-ID ye-Log). Ngaba ukuba ubungakanani besi sitayile asiyi kuba sibaluleke kakhulu- 1-3%.
I-aill ye-brousal okanye yelogo ene-skeleton manard;
B - yendlu yelog ene-log eyenza amafutha anemifanekiso kwaye ungene ngaphakathi kweendonga ze-ofisi yesibini (i-Indirnd)
Emva koko, bakhwela i-ke ebizwa ngokuba yiDelame-ethe tye kwizinto eziguqulayo eziguqulayo zibe ziifama zonxantathu. Baxhonywe kwimilenze ekhawulezileyo kunye neebhanti zensimbi, nakwimingxunya encedisayo ye-skeete yeekona zentsimbi. Kufuneka ilumkiswe ukuba iskimu esincamathiweyo esichaziweyo seRafter sisebenza kuphela esiya kwizindlu ezivela kwibar okanye iilogo ezine-skeleton manard. Umzekelo, kwizindlu zelogo ngamathambo amaduna, ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye izinto ezihambayo kuyo zikhulu kakhulu.
Iphayi ebalulekileyo "
Kuphahla eluphahleni lwe-attic, i-PARCE "yenza imisebenzi emibini ebaluleke kakhulu ngaxeshanye: ubushushu kunye nokuthambisa i-suriurating. Ukusebenza kwe-thermal yamacandelo "ikhekhe" kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwintuthuzelo ye-ngaphakathi kunye nokuzinza kwezobugcisa kunye nobuhle bophahla, kunye nexesha lenkonzo yalo ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ipropathi yokuthengiswa kwe-irmal yokufakelwa incitshiswa kakhulu ngokwandisa umswakama. Ke ngoko, enye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yoyilo "yekhekhe" kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olusebenzayo ekusebenzeni kwezibini ezivela kuzo zombini izakhiwo kunye ne-themospicic specimation kwaye iveliswe phantsi kweemeko ezithile zecala lophahla.
Ungayithintela njani i-frieting ekhutshiwe?
Umyinge wobuchule bokuphumelela kwe-thermal kunye nobungqingqwa bomaleko
| Ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal ukungasebenzi, w / (ms) | Ubuncinci bobukhulu bofakelo (ngokweemfuno ze-snip II-3-79 kwi-ro = 4.7m2c / w), mm |
|---|---|
| I-0.035 | I-160. |
| I-0.04. | I-180. |
| I-0.044. | 200. |
| I-0.045 | 205. |
| 0,046. | I-210. |
| 0.047. | 215. |
| I-0.05 | 225. |
| Ukwazi ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal ukungasebenzi kokufakelwa okhethiweyo, kulula ukubala ubukhulu obufunekayo bomaleko wayo, kwaye emva koko uyicobe, shayisela ubukhulu beepleyiti ezikhoyo kwi-computer |
Kule meko, i-cake ye-suche ye-subrame "yaqala ngento yokuba ngokwendawo yefilimu, i-fibrotek master vapor i-fict ikhutshelwe yi-fibrotek ye-fibrotek ikhutshwe yindawo ethe tyaba ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kwaye kwindawo echazwe kwangaphambili igxunyekwe iScotch ekhethekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwe-vaporizoreng, ikhreyithi yasekhaya, ukudala isakhiwo, esiya kuqhubeka siwuqonda umthwalo kwi-insumpas kunye nolusu lwangaphakathi.
Emva koko phakathi kweedrafre zabekwa kwii-faces ze-phucrophopage-ye-flouses-ficks ezivela kuboya bezimbiwa ngokusekwe kumatye eqela le-rocklayt ("Tekno). Kutheni ukhethe izitovu ezinzima? Iingcali zincoma ngamandla ukusebenzisa i-insumpation ethambileyo kwi-roll kwiinkqubo zokulwa kwiinkqubo zokufakelwa. Ezo zinto ziyimiphunga ezinjalo ziyimiphunga, kwaye zityibilika kwithambeka lesikweki, zenza "iibhulorho ezibandayo".
Izinto eziphahlayo kunye nokwakhiwa kwekhekhe "yekhekhe"
Xa ukhetha, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ii-membrain ze-superdsifsince ziyacetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kuphela kwisibini esinezona zinoboyisi kwifuthe lokubuyela umva kwi-ceramic, isamente- Isanti kunye nethayile ye-bit. I-AVOT i-tile yensimbi (ngaphandle kokuba loo nto i-AllOnic, umzekelo, iMetrobond, iBelgium) okanye i-Witumes ebizwa ngokuba yi-Eurohorter) akufuneki idityaniswe.
Zisiwe kwimarike yethu, ezinje ngemveliso enjalo njenge-Eltete (eFinland) noJuta, "I-Lenshamis", "Stroym". Ukuhlutha amanzi e-membrao proone isetyenziswa kwisibini esinezixhobo ezifanayo zophahla njenge-surdifsifsifsusiconce, ngecala elijikelezayo lokungabikho komswakama.
Iskimu somsebenzi esichaziweyo sinokuphunyezwa kuphela ukuba kukho iindawo ezimbini ze-windntilations zomoya - ezantsi nangaphezulu. Isibini sokufakwa siya kuchaziwe, emva koko sicinywe. Ndiyabulela phezulu, icala elingasemva lezixhobo zophahla ziya kungena umoya. Iindleko zeefilimu zokuchasa amanzi anqabileyo zimalunga ne-15-20 rubles / m2. Banikele kwintengiso yethu iifemu zethu ezinjengeJutaaikon, i-Eltete- Elkatek eyongezelelweyo idr.
Ngaba kufanelekile ukusebenzisa kuphela i-interfation ekhankanyiweyo? Imakethi yale mihla ye-inzuzo ihlutha kwaye iyahluka. Unokukhetha nayiphi na i-fibrous of thewows oyithandayo. Funda nje kumthengisi ukulandelela ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal yayo, kwaye emva koko, ukusebenzisa itafile esiyinikelayo, chaza ukuba yintoni ubukhulu obunobungqingqwa obufumanekayo kwisithambiso esikhoyo kwisiqinisekiso esikhoyo kwisiqinisekiso. Jonga ukuba indlela ezisiqhelo kububukhulu bobuqili bokufakelwa buhambelana nokuphakama kwemali. Ukuba ixabiso lokuqala lingaphantsi kwesibini, akuyi kubakho ngxaki. Ukuba ngokuchaseneyo nayo isoyikisa. Kukho ubuchwephesha obulula nobuchule, buvumela ubungqingqwa bokufakwa, kwaye kuthintele ukuqaqanjelwa okukhulu. Emva kokulala (i-200mmm) phakathi kweengcambu ze-perpendicular, imivalo engama-5050mm ihamba ngesiqwenga se-600 mm kwaye sibeka ii-MM ezinobunzima obuphakathi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubeke umaleko ofanayo wokufakelwa ngaphakathi kwendlu, phakathi koololiwe bekreyiti yangaphakathi. Yile nto kanye eyamkelwe abakhi xa isixhobo sophahla kwi "Wel".
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kwisixhobo phantsi komoya wokwakha
Indawo yokuhambisa kunye nemingxunya yokuphelisa kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo iiparamitha ezithile (ivolumu kunye nokuxinana kweyona nto isusiweyo.D.), yona inokwenzeka ukuba inokwenzeka. Ke ngoko, ihlala isebenzisa uphuhliso olunamandla.
1. Ixabiso lomsantsa womoya phakathi kokufakwa kunye nesiseko sophahla kufuneka ubuncinci libe yi-5 cm. Kuxhomekeka kubude kunye ne-engile yotyekelo lophahla kwaye igqitywe yitafile engezantsi.
2. Isishwankathelo secandelo lokufaka imingxunya yokufaka umoya kwi-1 p. I-Cornis ikwaxhomekeka kubude kunye ne-engile yokuqulunqa lophahla lophahla kwaye igqitywe yitafile. Ukuhamba komoya kunokulungelelaniswa kokubini ii-eves, kwaye ekuhlaleni-ngoncedo lwe-ventilation efakwe kwi-rinder ye-Cornice SV, yona.D.
3. Isishwankathelo sendawo yokuhlaselwa kwe-winrilation, ekufuneka ilungiselelwe ngowona msebenzi uphambili eluphahleni, kuba nganye yethambeka kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kwendawo yemingxunya yokubonelela. Ukudonsa izixhobo zokulahla izixhobo kunokusebenzisa iSksilation Dentilations, i-caps ye-ventilation yophahla lwentente, enophahla lokuphahla. Kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezenziwe zombini (ezithengiweyo) zenziwe ngendlela yokwakha.
| Skite ubude, m | Ithambeka elithambekileyo, isichotho | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Shumi elinantlanu | Amashumi amabini | 25. | Amashumi amathathu | |
| Ntlanu | Ntlanu | Ntlanu | Ntlanu | Ntlanu | Ntlanu |
| 10 | Sibhozo | 6. | Ntlanu | Ntlanu | Ntlanu |
| Shumi elinantlanu | 10 | Sibhozo | 6. | Ntlanu | Ntlanu |
| Amashumi amabini | 10 | 10 | Sibhozo | 6. | Ntlanu |
| 25. | 10 | 10 | 10 | Sibhozo | 6. |
| Skite ubude, m | Ithambeka elithambekileyo, isichotho | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Shumi elinantlanu | Amashumi amabini | 25. | Amashumi amathathu | |
| Ntlanu | Amashumi amahlanu | 49. | 48. | 46. | 42. |
| 10 | I-100 | 98. | I-96. | 92. | I-84. |
| Shumi elinantlanu | I-150. | I-147. | I-144. | 138. | 126. |
| Amashumi amabini | 200. | Ngo-196. | 192. | 184. | 168. |
| 25. | I-250. | 245. | I-240. | 230. | I-210. |
Ukusuka kwiTekhnoloji ye-albhamu "Iitekhnoloji zeTekhnoloji yophahla" lweTegola
Emva kokuba ifakwe i-inshulelwe, yaqala ukuhlanganisa i-membrane yokuphelisa amanzi amdaka. Kutheni kufuneka? Olona tshaba luphambili lwalo naluphi na uphahla alunamswakama yemvula, ukuba ingakanani indlela yenziwa ngayo ngasemva kophahla. Izadach slonnel amanziof-khusela i-insumpanzings kunye nezigqeba zezakhiwo nakwelinye.
Iindlela ezisezantsi zophahla oluqhwalelayo njenge-subcofprooase amanzi roofprofproocase yokusebenza kunye ne-membrane ye-dismgrane kunye neefilimu ezichasene ne-anti. Yintoni ekufuneka ifake isicelo, thatha isigqibo malunga nesiseko sophahla olukhethileyo, kunye namathuba okwexeshana. Kule meko, i-vapdince-i-villariftifsusince ye-membrane typyk (i-Dupont) ibekwe kufutshane noku kufakwa. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziqengqeleka kwisikelo esiqala ukusuka ngezantsi. Ukuzila ukutya kwe-canvas kwakuyi-100mm. Isiphumo yayikukubaleka okuqinileyo: Umzekelo, kwi-state ye-state yethontsi lenkqubo, njengenduli, roll kunye ne-senki yophahla.
Ukulungiswa kwe-ventilation uhlobo: Isisombululo esilula kwingxaki enzima
Izixhobo zokuphumeza komoya kwi-ventilation gaplation zimbini iintlobo: inqaku kunye nokuqhubeka. Inqaku lihlala libizwa ngokuba ngabalandeli ehlathini, bafakwe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo eluphahleni kufutshane nesiketi. Bona, njengommiselo, banemilo efudukayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha baxhotyiswe nge fan. Imizekelo ye-vilpe vent vent intente. Okwesibini kukuqhubeka kubekwe ngaphaya kobude bonke be-roll yophahla, ukubonelela ngomoya obalaseleyo. Kude kube kutshanje, isksikhi ye-ventila yokuqhubela phambili yenziwa ngokukodwa kwindlela yokwakha (isixhobo esicwangcisiweyo, 'Jonga i "IVD" Hayi. 2 Ngo-2008.) Kwinqaku elithi "Isilumkiso," into embi ye-state enjalo ifuna Ukusuka kubakhi hayi kuphela iziqinisekiso eziphakamileyo, kodwa kunye namava athile. Ngaphandle koko, umngcipheko ophantsi kwehashe ngexesha lasebusika luya kuphoswa likhephu phakathi kweSksi, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufumanisa, kwaye ke lixole, kwaye ke sixole, sixole Ukuqhutywa kwe-ventilation, kunye molo, i-icicles.
Malunga nonyaka ophelileyo, imeko yaguquka: I-sking-ispilation eyenziwe nge-ventila eyaziwayo ivele: I-Master Stark II (i-vingleved). Oku kubiza le nto, njengoko bekugqitywe, sele kukhululwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinambini (ngokubanzi, njengoko i-bhayisekile ininzi). Iimveliso ziyakwazi ukusebenza kuluhlu lobushushu -50 ... + 60c, kunye nobabini iinkampani zenkampani zombini zinika iminyaka engama-40. (Kuyinyani, akukho ntembelo yokuba ixesha elifanayo lewaranti liya kunika abathengisi basekhaya.)
Ukhethwe kule meko, i-kgege inkosi ye-dibanisa ( Kodwa ) - Yenziwe kwi-raining raing ye-olgations kunye ne-UV, ixhotywe ngamatywina amatywina ngaxeshanye, ngenxa yoko kuya kuba nakho ukulunga komzimba, oko kubalulekile xa kufakwa. Uyilo luxhotywe ngefilitha eyakhelweyo ye-spongy ( ngaphakathi ), ukungadluli izinambuzane, kunye nokungenisa ikhephu okanye imvula, ngaphandle kwekhephu kwisantya somoya ukuya kwi-30m / s. Ukufakwa kulula ukunciphisa umda: Izinto zobude beskite 1220mm kwaye ububanzi obuyi-290 mm bumiselwe kwisiseko sophahla oluhle kakhulu eluphahleni okanye umzobo ( B. ) Apho banomakishi kwizindlu. Phakathi ngokwabo, amacandelo aqhagamshelwe ezitshixo ( D. ). Ukusuka phezulu, i-bitch enyukayo igubungele iithayile ze-bitume ( G. ). Kufanelekile ukongeza ukuba ihashe ngokwalo liphantsi kwaye lingabonakali eluphahleni. Ukuba uqwalasela iindleko eziphantsi zezinto eziphantsi, mhlawumbi esona sisombululo silungileyo namhlanje.
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Ukuhamba nge-ventilation
Kufanele ukuba ukhunjulwe ukuba kufike ubukho beparobacker ngokupheleleyo ayiphelisi ukubakho kokufakelwa kwe-steam kwi-inshontes. Ke ngoko, ingqalelo eyodwa yahlawulwa kwingxaki yokungena kweyona nto iphantsi.
Ukwenza umsantsa we-ventilation kwi-rafter ecaleni kwemivalo ye-bruck yecandelo lama-5050mm. Kwaye phakathi kwemivalo emva kwe-1 ukuya kwe-15m, izithuba ze-50-100mm zenziwe ukuze ukuhamba komoya kunokuhamba ukusuka kwelinye itshathi ukuya kwenye. Olo lwamkelo lwetekhnoloji yenza ukuba ikwazi ukuphelisa ukwakheka kwindawo yophahla lwendawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Windows, kwi-endowers .D. Yeyiphi indawo eyingozi eyingozi? Kukuwo ukuba ukrwada kuya kuqala ukufuma. Ukufakelwa kwentshontsho, kulinde iseti yengxaki epheleleyo: Ikhephu eluphahleni kunye nee-icicles kwi-Atgual, yonyusa iindleko zokufudumeza kunye ... ngaphezulu kophahla.
Kwimivalo ", uvavanyo", uvavanyo lwe-counter luye lwaxhuzulwa (sele lungaphumeleli) i-rake i-50mm, ngaloo ndlela kuxhomekeke kubude kunye ne-angle yethambeka, khetha etafileni) . Ngaphaya koko, ikhreyithi ye-5030mm inkqonkqozile iCandelo lama-5030mm ngenyathelo le-400mm, kwaye ngaphezulu kwazo, besebenzisa isikroba esizimeleyo kwi-9mm.
Ngaphezulu kwalo mgangatho uphakame emva koko waphakamisa i-bile ye-bile ethambileyo ye-tile kerabit (i-lemanka..nen, eFinland). Asiyi kuhlala kule mbambano ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa siya kuqhubeka nencoko malunga ne-ventilax ye-verpox. Ukuze ihlale isebenza, ekuqinisekiseni ubomi obude bophahla xa luphela, kufanele kubekho indawo engathethekiyo yokuhamba komoya ukusuka kwi-skied ukuya kwi-skate kuyo yonke indawo (eyenza "ukwenziwa" kokungafuduswayo, ukudala "ukwenziwa kwe-phall kwi-counterbaela). Ukuphakama kwesithuba se-ventilation kufuneka kube njalo kangangokuba impembelelo yokomisa inokufezekiswa. Bala kwiifomula ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa unokukhokelwa yidatha enikezwe etafileni.
Ukucwangciswa kokufakwa kwegalelo kunye nokuphuma okuvulekileyo kwesap ye-ventilation. Eyokuqala ikwisinki yophahla kwaye iphantse iqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo lonke ubude. Umnyango ugubungela iBhodi yeBhodi ye-Bang-yangle, apho i-grid-rierer yezinambuzane ifakwe khona.
I-ventilation ksonk igqibe kwelokuba ingabi nendlela eyakhayo, kodwa yathatha inkosi yase-Ridge Plus kunye ne-American). Inomgangatho womoya ovela kwi-ventilation ubonelela ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye izinambuzane zikhuselwe, kwaye kwii-asethi kulula. Ewe, kwaye akukho nto inqabileyo: Ixabiso lezinto enye limalunga ne-1,2m- qina le-ruble ezingama-800. Njengoko besitsho ngokulula, kodwa isigqibo sobulumko.
Uluvo lwengcali
Esona sixhaphakileyo kwezi mpazamo zilandelayo kwisixhobo sophahla lwe-attic Pass: 1- 1- Ukuntywila okufanelekileyo kwesithuba (umzekelo, kwingingqi ye-MOSCOW, ubukhulu be-inshuler kufuneka bube ngama-200mm ubuncinci; 2- Ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo okanye ukungabikho kokungakhathali kwento engaphantsi kwe-ventila yokufakelwa koboya yezimbiwa; 3 Ukudideka komphunga kunye nokungasebenzi kwamanzi; I-4- Ukubekwa kwe-membranes hayi icala elinye (lididekile ngumntu ongaphandle kunye nophakathi kwelaphu); Umgangatho ophantsi we-5- okanye ufakelo olungachanekanga lwendawo nganye kunye nezakhiwo ngokubanzi. Ungaziphepha njani zonke ezi mpazamo?
Iziphumo ezintathu. Qala- langa le nkqubo ngokwakho. Kuyinyani, kuya kufuneka uyeke umsebenzi wakho owuthandayo kwaye uchithe lonke ixesha lokukhutshwa ukuze ufunde imiyalelo. Okwesibini - ukuqesha injineli esweni injini yezobuchwephesha kwaye imfundise ukuba aqwalasele umgangatho kunye nokuchaneka kokwakhiwa. (Yinjineli, hayi ingcali yokwakha. Esona sibekwa ikakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani olungileyo okanye abakhi?) Kwaye ekugqibeleni, olwenziwayo ngokwabo. Kuluncedo ukwazi ukuba ukwakhiwa kokwamkelwa okungaguqukiyo kusetyenziswa ngexesha lokwakhiwa, kuwo omabini amanye amaqela aqala ukwenza kwaye asayine "izenzo zokwamkelwa", ngaloo ndlela inika imvume yezenzo ezingaphezulu. Kule, inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwendlu nganye yahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulo ngokulandelelana kwaye isuse imihla ebekiweyo kwimvumelwano nganye kwimvumelwano, kunye nenkqubo yentlawulo. Kwimeko enye, xa umgangatho womsebenzi awuthobeli ngeenqobo ezinikezelweyo ngokwemvumelwano, amaqela abizwa ngokuba "nguwowo" onesiphene ", odwelisa iziphene ezichongiweyo kwaye zichonge ixesha lokupheliswa kwabo . Inqanaba elitsha lomsebenzi lokwakha kufuneka luqale kuphela emva kokuphelisa iziphene ezichaziweyo kuMthetho, kwaye zisayine isenzo sokwamkela.
Ke yintoni unoluvo? Yonke into ilula. Ukutyikitya uMthetho, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuthatha into (oku kuyakufuna okwemvelo), kwaye abakhi ngokwabo bakubonisa imiyalelo okanye ezinye izinto okanye ukwenza i-nododing ye Iboniswe "kwindalo" - yeyakho kanye kanye, imifanekiso eyenziwe ngexesha lomsebenzi .D. (Ngendlela, iinkokheli eziphambili zefemu yokwakha ngale ndlela zithatha imisebenzi.) Kwaye ude uqiniseke ukuba yonke into igqityiwe ngokuchanekileyo, musa ukusayina naziphi na izinto ezenziwayo. Mayibe malunga nendawo yokufumana amaxwebhu ayimfuneko (iingcebiso, iingcebiso, imiyalelo yomenzi wayo.D.) nendlela yokubonisa ubulungisa bayo, intloko ibuhlungu kubakhi. Kodwa akunjalo.
USergey Zelensky, UMlawuli weNkampani "ubungcali obuzimeleyo benqanaba lokwakha"
IBhodi yokuHlela ibulela inkampani i-petrostil (rovaniemi yentengiso),